Las Variedades Para Elaborar Vinos Tintos

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Las Variedades Para Elaborar Vinos Tintos LAS VARIEDADES PARA ELABORAR VINOS TINTOS Abouriou Variedad menor de uva del sudoeste de Baga Especialidad de Bairrada, es una uva de piel Francia. gruesa y grano pequeño, que produce algunos vinos muy ácidos y con mucho sabor a tanino en el norte Agiorgitiko Es la Saint-George de Nemea, que pue- de Portugal. de dar tintos griegos sustanciales muy afrutados, así como un buen rosado. Barbarossa Es una vivaz uva de la región de Emilia- Romagna, llamada Barberoux en Provenza. Aglianico Es una uva cada vez más admirada, grue- sa, oscura, con denso olor a grafito, muy famosa por Barbera Es la uva más común en el noroeste de Ita- producir el taurasi de Campania y el aglianico del lia, donde durante mucho tiempo ha sido origen de Vulture, en la Basilicata. De maduración muy tardía. vinos ligeros, con sabor a jerez amargo y marcada acidez. Se producen en pocas cantidades, y se en- Aleatico Vid italiana con la que se hacen algunos vejecen en barrica, con lo que en la actualidad se tintos dulces con extraño sabor a uva. También se consiguen vinos interesantes, con algún regusto cultiva en Nueva Gales del Sur. de la NEBBIOLO. En el Piemonte se cultiva 15 veces Alfrocheiro Preto Uva portuguesa de color oscuro más la Barbera que la Nebbiolo. También es abun- que se emplea en las mezclas. dante en Lombardía, donde se mezcla con la BO- Alicante Bouschet Uva a menudo llamada senci- NARDA, así como en California y Argentina. llamente Alicante (que también es un nombre lo- Bastardo Uva poco relevante, que se usa en la re- cal del Languedoc que se aplica a la GRENACHE), de gión del Douro, la zona del oporto. pulpa roja, antaño muy usada para dar color a los Black Muscat Véase MUSCAT HAMBURG. vino de mesa del sur de Francia, especialmente al aramon. Ahora se la encuentra en Córcega, en Tos- Blau, Blauer Palabra alemana que significa «azul», cana, en Calabria, en el sur de Italia, en Yugoslavia, y prefijo común de las variedades de uvas para ha- Israel, África del Norte, California, Portugal y Es- cer vino tinto. paña, donde se denomina Garnacha Tintorera. En Blauburger Cruce austríaco de uvas PORTUGIESER el siglo XIX, el productor vinícola Henry Bouschet y BLAUFRANKISCH con que se elaboran vinos tintos cruzó a su vez uno de los cruces de su padre con la ordinarios. Grenache o Garnacha, y logró esta variedad de ma- duración temprana. Blauburgunder Nombre que se da en la Suiza ale- mana a la uva PINOT NOIR. Aragonés Nombre que se da a la TEMPRANILLO en Portugal. Blauer Spátburgunder Nombre que se da en Aus- tria a la uva PINOT NOIR. Aramon Variedad de uva de rendimiento extraor- dinariamente elevado y baja calidad, que dominaba Blaufránkisch Vid centroeuropea que produce vinos las llanuras del Languedoc a finales del siglo XIX y tintos vivaces, afrutados y a veces picantes, y con su- principios del XX. En la década de 1960, fue reem- ficiente sustancia, en los mejores ejemplares de Bur- plazada por la CARIGNAN. genland (véase pág. 253), que vale la pena conser- Aspiran Vid histórica del Languedoc cuyo vino tinto, ligero y aromático, puede seguir mezclándose para conseguir el minervois. En las colinas de Langhe, en el Piemonte, las uvas Auxerrois Nombre que se da en Cahors a la MALBEC. Nebbiolo sólo maduran en las laderas de las colinas que Baco Noir, Baco 1 Vid híbrida francesa que se cul- dan al sur, cosa que no ocurre con la Barbera. En otoño, tiva en el nordeste de América, donde produce tin- éstos se convierten en un tapiz multicolor a causa de tos ligeros. las distintas etapas de maduración de las vides. 130 LAS VARIEDADES DE UVA var en roble o mezclar con uvas CABERNET y/o PINOT dera, junto con la Merlot, como una especie de pri- NOIR. En Alemania se denominan Limberger, y en ma de seguro cuando la estación se presenta fría. En el estado de Washington, Lenberger, Franconia en el términos muy generales, el vino que se hace con Friuli, Gamé en Bulgaria (antiguamente se confundía Cabernet Franc tiende a tener un aroma afrutado, con la GAMAY), Kéfrankos en Hungría y Frankovka más ligero y con menos sabor a tanino que la Ca- en Eslovaquia y la Vojovodina. bernet Sauvignon, y, especialmente en la zona del Loira, un atractivo perfume de limaduras de lápiz. A Bobal Vid española con la que se hacen enormes menudo es menos herbácea, y puede tener un olor cantidades de vino de color oscuro (y concentrado semejante a las uvas Cabernet Sauvignon sin madu- de uvas) en la costa del Mediterráneo. Produce un rar. La Cabernet Franc es un ingrediente de la ma- vino ligeramente más ácido y ligero que la MONAS- yoría de los tintos del sudoeste de Francia, y a me- TRELL, con la que a veces se cultiva. Probablemente nudo la única que da sabor a los elegantes y sedosos es la Bovale de Cerdeña. tintos del Loira medio, como los de Saumur-Cham- Bonarda Variedad italiana de uva, o, más precisa- pigny, Bourgueil, Chinon y Anjou-Villages. mente, tres variedades que tienen el mismo nom- La Cabernet Franc, que a veces se denomina Ca- bre. La más común es la lombarda, atractivamente bernet Frank, se da mucho en el nordeste de Italia, y jugosa, e igual que la CROATINA, la vid que más se algunos de los ejemplares del Friuli tienen suficiente planta en Argentina. madurez para resultar interesantes. La viña también Bordo Nombre que se da actualmente a la CABER- se cultiva en la frontera con Eslovenia, aunque la NET FRANC en el norte de Italia. Cabernet Sauvignon es mucho más corriente en el resto de Europa central. Véase también MENCÍA. Bouchet Nombre que se da a la CABERNET FRANC en En el Nuevo Mundo, donde la Cabernet Sauvig- Saint-Emilion y en los demás distritos de la franja non madura fácilmente casi en todas partes, la Ca- derecha de Bordeaux. En Madiran se denomina bernet Franc se considera generalmente esencial por Bouchy. su capacidad de conformar el trío sagrado de los bur- Brachetto Uva del noroeste de Italia, que da vinos deos, junto con el Merlot (con las que a veces se con- tintos ligeros, efervescentes y con sabor a fresa. Tam- funde en los viveros vitícolas). Han aparecido algu- bién se denominan Braquet en Provenza, y sobre nos cabernet franc varietales en Australia, Sudáfrica todo en Bellet. y Norteamérica, demostrando lo apetitosa que puede ser esta variedad sin mezcla, y cuánto más conve- Bretón Nombre que se da en el curso medio del Loi- niente que la Cabernet Sauvignon resulta por su ma- ra a la CABERNET FRANC. duración temprana. Sin embargo, la Cabernet Franc Brocol, Braucol La FER en Gaillac. puede alcanzar todo su brillo en las regiones más Brunello Clon de la SANGIOVESE creado en la re- frías, como Long Island, en el estado de Nueva York, gión de Montalcino, en la Toscana. en partes del de Washington y en Nueva Zelanda. Cabernet Franc Por detrás de la CABERNET SAUVIG- Cabernet Sauvignon Es la uva más famosa del mun- NON, aunque esta uva ha demostrado que puede do para hacer vino tinto, y aparece en las etiquetas de proporcionar algunos caldos de gran finura (sobre todas las procedencias. La Cabernet tiene un aroma todo en Saint-Emilion y en el curso medio del Loira) intenso y madura tarde, por lo que se tiende a plan- por sí misma. La vid se parece mucho a la Cabernet tar en zonas más bien cálidas. La principal caracte- Sauvignon, sólo que las hojas no son tan irregula- rística del vino que ofrece consiste en su profundo y res, por lo que probablemente se trate de una muta- reconocible aroma de grosellas negras, indepen- ción temprana, que se adapta particularmente bien dientemente del sitio donde se cultive, y, cuando se al clima frío y húmedo de la orilla derecha de la Gi- madura en roble nuevo, puede oler a cedro, a cajas ronda, donde el cabernet sauvignon encuentra difi- de habanos, y, a veces, a tabaco. La Cabernet Sau- cultades para madurar. La Cabernet Franc ha de- vignon también es notable por ser de color púrpura mostrado que brota y florece antes, lo que la hace oscuro cuando es joven, y aunque no tiene un con- más proclive a la coulure (véase pág. 69), pero nece- tenido especialmente alto de alcohol, puede tener sita menos calor para madurar del todo. En la franja una vida de extremadamente larga. Esto se debe a izquierda de Bordeaux, por el contrario, se la consi- que los granos pequeños y espesos de la Cabernet 132 LAS VARIEDADES PARA ELABORAR VINOS TINTOS Sauvignon poseen una elevada proporción de só- los supertoscanos (véanse págs. 214-217), en los que lidos, ricos en sustancias colorantes y en taninos, parece sentirse feliz de mezclarse con la SANGIOVE- con respecto al zumo, aunque si las uvas no están del SE, pero hay ejemplares de sitios tan lejanos de allí todo maduras, el vino suele tener un olor a hojas ma- como el Piemonte y Sicilia. (La Cabernet Sau- chacadas, o «herbáceo», o ser más parecido a su pa- vignon crece bien en regiones calurosas, pues con- rienta (junto con la SAVIGNON BLANC), la CABERNET serva bien la acidez durante toda la etapa final de FRANC. Todo esto significa que la Cabernet puede la maduración.) Sin embargo, es casi seguro que dar un gran vino, pero que no es necesariamente la los caldos del nordeste de Italia que se denominan mejor uva para hacer caldos que se beben jóvenes, sencillamente cabernet contengan más Cabernet especialmente cuando se cultiva en climas fríos.
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