APCO 2018 Soft Plastic Working
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March 2019 SOFT PLASTIC PACKAGING WORKING GROUP 2018 Contents 1. Executive Summary 3 2. Definitions 7 3. Scope 9 4. Stakeholder Identification 11 5. Materiality Statement 12 6. Key Priority Areas 13 7. Baseline Data 13 a. Amount consumed 13 b. Main product applications or sectors 13 c. Design initiatives 13 d. Recovery and recycling systems 14 i. Reduction or reuse systems 14 ii. Collection systems 14 iii. Recycling systems 15 iv. Recycling technologies and end markets 16 e Recycling rates 19 8. Lifecycle Approach 19 9. Conclusions 20 a. Conclusions 20 b. Data Gaps 20 Disclaimer APCO and the contributing authors have prepared this report with a high-level of care and thoroughness and recommend that it is read in full. This report is based on generally accepted definitions, data and understanding of industry practices and standards at the time it was prepared. It is prepared in accordance with the scope of work and for the purpose outlined in the introduction. Sources of information used are referenced in this report, except where provided on a confidential basis. This report has been prepared for use only by the APCO, and other third parties who have been authorised by APCO. APCO and the contributing authors are not liable for any loss or damage that may be occasioned directly or indirectly using, or reliance on, the contents of this publication. This report does not purport to give legal or financial advice and does not necessarily reflect the views of individual Working Group members or their organisations. No other warranty, expressed or implied, is made as to the professional advice included in this report. 2 Executive Summary APCO has been charged by Environmental Ministers economy principles, avoidance and reduction should in Australia to lead the 2025 National Packaging be prioritised and end markets for recycled plastic Targets. To progress towards these targets, the need to achieve the highest potential environmental following areas will need to be addressed: value (see Figure 1). The primary goal is to recycle as • Packaging design will need to ensure that it is much as possible back into packaging, where this is suitable for recovery through either reuse, not possible (e.g. for multi-layer packaging formats) recycling or composting plastics may be recycled to make other products • Infrastructure will need to be available for the that can also be recycled at end of life. Packaging collection and recovery of all packaging types that cannot be collected for material recycling (e.g. through either reuse, recycling or composting because it is too contaminated with food or another • End markets will need to be strengthened to organic nutrients), could be designed for composting. support the recycling industry Waste to energy is regarded as a useful ‘last resort’ • Consumers will need to be informed and solution once all other technologies and end markets educated about the correct recovery channel have been explored. for all packaging. Achieving this vision will require coordinated In 2018 APCO convened five working groups to national action in the following areas: investigate barriers and opportunities to improve the • End markets: Robust and sustainable markets recovery of five ‘problematic’ packaging materials: for soft plastics, including more research and glass, polymer coated paperboard (PCPB), soft development and reprocessing facilities with plastics, biodegradable and compostable packaging, capacity to absorb the growing quantities of soft and expanded polystyrene (EPS). The groups plastics being collected. worked to establish a shared understanding of the • Procurement: Commitment from government problem and to identify projects to be undertaken by agencies and other large organisations to buy stakeholders in the packaging value chain to support recycled products containing recycled plastics. achievement of the 2025 National Packaging Targets • Consumer education: Understand the benefits of for each material category. soft plastics, e.g. for extended shelf life, but avoid The identified projects have been reviewed, unnecessary use; know how to recycle and buy prioritised and combined with other initiatives to recycled products to ‘close the loop’. develop projects for implementation in 2019. Priority • Design: Unnecessary, problematic or inefficient projects for implementation in 2019 are summarised packaging eliminated; all soft plastics designed in Table 1. The individual projects aim to support for recycling; hard-to-recycle soft plastics e.g. the achievement of the 2025 National Packaging PVC and multi-material laminates, replaced with Targets by addressing packaging design, consumer more recyclable alternatives; inclusion of recycled engagement, recovery systems and end markets. content, where possible. 2018 Soft Plastics Working Group’s (the Working • Collection: Users separating soft plastics for Group) vision is for all soft plastics to be designed for recycling at home or at work; at least 80% of reuse or recycling, to incorporate recycled content households have access to a convenient recycling where feasible, and to be recycled or composted option through either kerbside collection, retail at end of life. This aligns with the UN Sustainable drop-off, or council recycling centres; clear and Development Goals (SDG), particularly Goal 12 consistent recycling labelling. (‘Sustainable production and consumption’). • Sorting: Material Recovery Facilities (MRFs) set up In accordance with the waste hierarchy and circular to sort soft plastics as a separate stream. 3 Executive Summary Avoid Reduce Material recycling back into packaging Material recycling to other products iological recovery rganics recycling Energy recovery andfill Figure 1: Waste hierarchy for soft plastics packaging (guide only) Key themes that emerged from the Working Group This report has been prepared by APCO in include: collaboration with the APCO Soft Plastics Working • The need for more accurate and detailed data on Group 2018. The purpose of this document is to packaging consumption and recycling analyse the current status of soft plastics packaging • Suggestions for reduction or elimination of materials and propose projects to increase the problematic and unnecessary packaging recovery of these packaging materials. • Additional resources to support sustainable packaging design and procurement • Consumer education on packaging reduction and correct recycling • The need for targeted industry education on packaging design, procurement and recycling • Collection and recycling infrastructure gaps and lack of local end markets • Government procurement to support end market development 4 Executive Summary Design Consumer engagement 100% Reurce t urt S Recyce contet ae reusable recyclable or F ervice uieie mtae acai ae compostable ie cyce aemet uie umer eucati utry eucati 2025 70% of plastics National 30% average packaging packaging recycled recycled or targets content composted End markets Problematic Collection and recycling systems and unnecessary Govermet rcuremet f recye ruct ayi f rematic materia singleuse plastics Suy cai rcuremet f recyce atic uaiity tria packaging phased out ES recyci it ca ruct mtaiity tria S Figure 2. APCO projects linked to the National Packaging Targets Table 1. APCO priority projects for 2019 APCO 2019 PROJECT NAME DESCRIPTION WORKING GROUP 1.1 Packaging consumption and recycling 1.2 Infrastructure mapping 1. Packaging baseline data 1.3 Economic analysis of alternative collection systems and end markets National 2. Public statements on specific Packaging Targets Public statements on outcomes of previous 5 working groups materials Implementation (NPTI) 3. White paper on problematic and Paper to identify target products/materials and build the case unnecessary packaging for phase-out 4. Options to standardise recycling Modelling strategic options to facilitate achievement of the systems 2025 NPT 5.1 Quickstarts: (i) recovery pathways, (ii) glass, (iii) PCPB, (iv) EPS, (vi) PET, (vii) labelling 5. Resources to support the 5.2 Design for soft plastics packaging (build on CEFLEX) Sustainable Packaging Guidelines 5.3 Design for compostable packaging Design 5.4 Wine packaging guidelines 6. Food service packaging Engagement workshops, guidelines & case studies guidelines 5 Executive Summary APCO 2019 PROJECT NAME DESCRIPTION WORKING GROUP 7. Compostable packaging label New label to align with the Australasian Recycling Label (ARL) 8. Recycled content label New label to align with the ARL Design 9. Life cycle assessment (LCA) Database and guidelines guide 10. Consumer education How to recycle – including the ARL 11. Analysis of problematic Trials to investigate specific issues packaging materials Trials to investigate pulpability of polymer coatings, non-wood 12. Pulpability trials fibres etc. Training in collaboration with AIP on PSF – including SPG, 13. Packaging supply chain training PREP/ARL Systems & 14. Models for phase out of single Working with Boomerang Alliance on council / community Education use plastics case studies to reduce/replace plastics Research to analyse compostability of different certified 15. Composting trials materials 16. Regional model for soft plastics Working with Plastic Police to evaluate and document a recycling regional collection and market development model 17. Remote/regional waste Workshop on potential partnership-based solutions to collection partnerships packaging waste collection in remote and regional Australia 18. Government procurement of Guide on buying recycled including