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Studies on Fish Diversity of the Mahi River, Rajasthan State

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Studies on Fish Diversity of the Mahi River, Rajasthan State Rec. zool. Surv. India: Vol. 119(1)/ 1-8, 2019 ISSN (Online) : 2581-8686 DOI: 10.26515/rzsi/v119/i1/2019/141307 ISSN (Print) : 0375-1511 Studies on fish diversity of the Mahi River, Rajasthan State Harinder Singh Banyal* and Sanjeev Kumar Desert Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Jodhpur - 342005, Rajasthan, India; [email protected] Abstract The present study deals with the fish diversity of the Mahi River in Rajasthan. The order Cypriniformes was recorded with maximum fish diversity (17), siluriformes and perciformes each represented with 5 spp., osteoglossiformes, synbranchiformes and clupeiformes represented with 2 spp. each, whereas beloniformes only by one species. Besides, Keywords: impact of anthropogenic activities on fish fauna is discussed and some remedies are also suggested. Diversity, Fish, Mahi, Rajasthan, River Introduction diversity primarily by Dubey and Mehra (1962), Sharma and Johal (1982, 1984), Gupta and Kulshreshta (1985), Fishes are very important source of protein as well as Khatri et al. (1986), Johal and Sharma (1986), Kumar an integral component of the food chain of an aquatic and Rathore (1999, 2007), Juyal and Chaudhary (2003), ecosystem. Fishes are the best bio-indicators of a water Vyas and Singh (2004), Sharma and Choudhury (2007), body. Freshwater riverine fishery is one of the important Srivastava (2007), Sivakumar and Choudhury (2008) and economic constituents of the fishery sector of many Banyal and Kumar (2015I,II,III,IV, 2016V, 2017VI, 2018VII ). countries including India. India possesses mammoth Dubey and Mehra (1962) described 71 species, Ridhi, et biodiversity and ranks ninth in the world in terms of al. (2012) has recorded 22 species of fish from Madhya freshwater biodiversity (Mittermeier et al., 1997). Jayaram Pradesh portion of River Chambal, Verma et al. (2008) (1999) has listed 852 species of freshwater fishes from the have documented 39 fish species from Rana Pratap Indian region. India has 14 major and 44 medium rivers Sagar reservoir part of Chambal River whereas, Banyal and innumerable streams, floodplains, riparian zones, and Kumar 2015I have recorded 54 species of fish from mangroves and estuaries. These inland water bodies Rajasthan portion of River Chambal. make India one of the richest fish germplasm bank in the Chambal and Mahi are the main rivers which along world. with their tributaries drain southern part of Rajasthan. Rajasthan is a state with diverse water resources Mahi is also a vital perennial river of Madhya Pradesh, including rivers, lakes, reservoirs and tanks. Stony Rajasthan and Gujarat state. Mahi River originates landscape of southern Rajasthan encompasses good from western Vindhya Range, south of Sardarpur in vegetal cover and also harbours ideal habitat for water Dhar district of Madhya Pradesh state at an elevation resource and potential for development. of 500 m. The Mahi basin lies between 72°21’ to 75°19’ Fish fauna of Rajasthan is mainly known to us due to east longitudes and 21°46’ to 24°30’ north latitudes the work of Hora et al. (1952), Datta et al. (1970), Johal encompassing states of Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and et al. (1993) and Mohan, et al. (2013) whereas southern Gujarat having total area of 34,842 sq.km. After traversing and south eastern part of the state is surveyed for fish a distance of 583 kms. Mahi River finally empties in Bay * Author for correspondence Article Received on: 14.06.2017 Accepted on: 17.07.2018 Studies on fish diversity of the Mahi River, Rajasthan State of Khambhat. The Som, Jakham, Anas and the Panam estuarine fishery as capture fishery and contributes to are the main tributaries of Mahi River. Agricultural economy of Rajasthan & Gujarat state (Khatri, et al., 1986 land constitutes major part of the basin of Mahi River and Gohil and Mankodi, 2013). accounting for 63.63% of the total area and 4.34% of the The fish taxonomy is an important tool which basin is shielded by water bodies. Kadana and Mahi Dam helps to evaluate fishery potential of a river. Fisheries are the main dams which were constructed across the development, sustainable use of fishery assets & river in Gujarat and Rajasthan states respectively. Mahi thereafter implementation of suitable conservation Dam is located 16 kilometers away from Banswara town measures become successful only when ichthyofaunal in Banswara district of Rajasthan. The Dam is also known diversity of an aquatic ecosystem is known to researchers as Mahi Bajaj Sagar Dam & consists of 16 regulatory gates. and fishery managers. The present work deals with fish This dam fulfills the demands of hydroelectric power diversity, taxonomy and preparation of an inventory generation and water supply. Mahi Bajaj Sagar Reservoir of thirty-four fishes recorded from the Mahi River in also supports good fishery and contributes to the economy Banswara and Dungurpur districts of Rajasthan. Most of the Rajasthan state. of the fishes recorded during the course of present work Very scatter and meager information is available are commonly found in the inland water bodies of regarding fish fauna of the Mahi River. Khatri et al. (1986) India. However, 4 species were under various categories have worked on fish fauna of Kadana and Mahi reservoir of threatened species cypriniformes order was with and recorded 34 fish species, Gohil and Mankodi (2013) maximum species (17), siluriformes and perciformes, have recorded 26 spp. from Gujarat part of the Mahi each represented with 5 spp., osteoglossiformes, River whereas, Banyal and Kumar 2015II, III, Vl & VII have synbranchiformes and clupeiformes represented with also worked on the Ichthyofauna of Mahi River and its 2 spp. each, whereas, beloniformes represented only basin and recorded 15 species of fishes. The importance by 1 species. Amongst all the families cyprinidae was of this riverine ecosystem from fisheries point of view most dominant family which is followed by bagridae, in Rajasthan state has prompted authors to investigate siluridae, mastacembelidae, notopteridae, clupeidae, fish faunal diversity of Mahi River in Banswara and heteropneustidae, ambassidae, nandidae, gobiidae, Dungarpur districts of Rajasthan. cichlidae and belonidae respectively. As far as IUCN (2015) status of different fish spp. Material and Methods recorded from the Mahi River is concerned Tor khudree (Sykes, 1839) is included in Endangered (EN), Ompok Sampling was mainly done in Banswara district viz. bimaculatus (Bloch, 1794), Wallago attu (Bloch and at two locations in Mahi Bajaj Sagar reservoir besides, Schneider, 1801) and Chitala chitala (Hamilton, 1822) Choopasag and Agarpur Bridge near Pratapur and in Nearly Threatened (NT) and remaining fish spp. are the river was surveyed only at Beneshwar Dham. in included in Least Concerned (LC) category. All the Dungarpur district. fish species described in the manuscript are reported Fishes were collected mainly by using cast and gill from Banswara part of the River whereas only 3 species nets. Hand, scoop and drag nets were also used. The fishes viz. Pethia ticto (Hamilton, 1822) Gonialosa manmina were preserved in 5-10% formalin. The collected fishes (Hamilton, 1822) and Devario devario (Hamilton, 1822) were identified following Talwar and Jhingran (1991), are recorded from Dungarpur part of the river. Systematic Jayaram (1999) and Froese and Pauly (2014) i.e., www. list of the fishes is as follows: fishbase.org, [version (02/2014)]. Systematic List Observation and Discussion Class ACTINOPTERYGII Mahi is a perennial river which supports good fishery Order OSTEOGLOSSIFORMES in Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and central Gujarat. This Family NOTOPTERIDAE river harbours good diversity of fresh water as well as Genus Notopterus Lacepede 2 Vol 119(1) | 2019 | www.recordsofzsi.com Zoological Survey of India Harinder Singh Banyal and Sanjeev Kumar 1. Notopterus notopterus (Pallas, 1769) Order SILURIFORMES Family BAGRIDAE Genus Chitala Fowler Genus Sperata Holly 2. Chitala chitala (Hamilton, 1822) 20. Sperata seenghala (Sykes, 1839) Order CYPRINIFORMES Genus Mystus Scopoli Family CYPRINIDAE 21. Mystus bleekeri (Day, 1877) Genus Barilius Hamilton 3. Barilius bendelisis (Hamilton, 1807) Family SILURIDAE Genus Ompok Lacepede Genus Salmostoma Swainson 22. Ompok bimaculatus (Bloch, 1794) 4. Salmostoma bacaila (Hamilton, 1822) Genus Wallago Bleeker Genus Rasbora Bleeker 23. Wallago attu (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) 5. Rasbora daniconius (Hamilton, 1822) Genus Tor Gray Family HETEROPNEUSTIDAE 6. Tor khudree (Sykes, 1839) Genus Heteropneustes Muller 24. Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794) Genus Osteobrama Heckel 7. Osteobrama cotio (Hamilton, 1822) Order BELONIFORMES Family BELONIDAE Genus Puntius Hamilton Genus Xenentodon Regan 8. Puntius sophore (Hamilton, 1822) 25. Xenentodon cancila (Hamilton, 1822) Genus Pethia Pethiyagoda et al., Order SYNBRANCHIFORMES (Hamilton, 1822) 9. Pethia ticto Family MASTACEMBELIDAE Genus Macrognathus Lacepede Genus Systomus McClelland 26. Macrognathus pancalus Hamilton, 1822 10. Systomus sarana (Hamilton, 1822) Genus Catla Valenciennes Genus Mastacembelus Scopoli 11. Catla catla (Hamilton, 1822) 27. Mastacembelus armatus (Lacepede, 1800) Genus Cirrhinus Cuvier Order PERCIFORMES 12. Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton, 1822) Family NANDIDAE Genus Nandus Valenciennes Genus Labeo Cuvier 28. Nandus nandus (Hamilton, 1822) 13. Labeo boggut (Sykes, 1839) 14. Labeo calbasu (Hamilton, 1822) Family CHANNIDAE 15. Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) Genus Channa Scopoli 16. Labeo bata (Hamilton, 1822) 29. Channa punctata
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