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Radiation Protection Research and Training Programme 1990-91 * * Commission of the European Communities radiation protection Radiation protection research and training programme 1990-91 Catalogue of contracts Commission of the European Communities radiation protection Radiation protection research and training programme 1990-91 Catalogue of contracts Edited by: Commission of the European Communities Environment, Consumer Protection and Nuclear Safety Rue de la Loi 200 B-1049 Brussels Directorate-General r ii ./■...!. Science, Research and Development I PAN., i,::? " r c 1991 „ 0 '- - EUR 13387 EN Published by the COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES Directorate-General Telecommunications, Information Industries and Innovation L-2920 Luxembourg LEGAL NOTICE Neither the Commission of the European Communities nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of the following information Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1991 ISBN 92-826-2525-7 Catalogue number: CD-NA-13387-EN-C © ECSC-EEC-EAEC, Brussels • Luxembourg, 1991 Printed in Belgium Preface: The Community Radiation Protection Research and Training Programme was initiated in the framework of the EURATOM TREATY almost 30 years ago. During this time it has undergone major changes in adapting itself to new research needs in relation to the changing demands of radiation protection policies and practices and to new applications of ionizing radiation. The present catalogue of contracts which presents a complete overview of the 1990-1991 Radiation Protection Programme bears witness to this. The Commission now favours multi-partner contracts which allow an even better integration of the work of different institutes into a common goal. Although, due to administrative reasons, a few individual contracts still exist, from a scientific management point of view all contracts are co-ordinated in a multi-national structure. Experience with this structure has been very satisfactory, and all scientists have eagerly taken the opportunity provided for the close cooperation which avoids duplication of effort and results in a better integration of Community research. It should also be noted that Sweden now participates as a full member in the activities of the Programme. Training in radiation protection, now a matter of great urgency in view of the pending retirement of many senior scientists, has been substantially expanded in the current Programme, extended to several levels of knowledge and adapted to various target groups. The scientific structure of the 1990-1991 Programme is also new and emphasizes the main goals of radiation research as well as their interdependence and the need for multi- disciplinary approaches to solve the problems. Accordingly, the Programme is divided into three large sectors as follows: A) Human Exposure to Radiation and Radioactivity 1) Measurement of Radiation Dose and its Interpretation. 2) Transfer and Behaviour of Radionuclides in the Environment. B) Consequences of Radiation Exposure to Man; their Assessment, Prevention and Treatment 1) Stochastic Effects of Radiation. 2) Non-stochastic Effects of Radiation. 3) Radiation effects on the developing organism. C) Risks and Management of Radiation Exposure 1) Assessment of human exposure and risks. 2) Optimization and Management of Radiation Protection. Indeed, several of the most urgent problems of radiation protection demand a multi- disciplinary approach involving more than one of the above sectors. To give some examples: HI - risks from exposure to low doses and at low dose rates, the most frequent type of exposure, cannot be assessed directly but require an extrapolation of information from high to low dose/low dose rate exposure. This is based on a concerted approach involving microdosimetric, molecular, cellular, animal and epidemiological investigations on induction of radiation-induced cancer, genetic damage and other effects. - radon in homes represents the principal radiation exposure of man. In view of the recommendations which are to be issued and the remedial actions which will have to be taken to control radon exposure, one must obtain a better understanding of the ways by which radon and its daughter nuclides enter the human environment and from there into the lung, and of their effects on radiosensitive pulmonary structures. A co-operative approach is being taken in the Community, together with the USA, to execute existing, and plan new epidemiological studies on lung cancer after radon exposure. - medical diagnostic radiology of patients represents the most important man-made source of radiation exposure and should be reduced as far as possible without deterioration of image quality and diagnostic information. Recent pilot research on quality control and dose reduction revealed the potential of dose- and cost-saving measures which can be taken. Expert systems for quality and dose control are developed to allow the scientific results to be introduced into everyday practice. - in view of new stricter dose limits, radiological protection at the workplace must be optimized basing management procedures on improved scientific information. In this respect, comprehensive statistics of human exposure from different sources, including natural and medical ones, are being obtained. The monitoring of workers for external and internal exposure under realistic working conditions is being further developed with respect to accuracy and sensitivity. Among others, new and improved instrumentation and procedures are being developed and further research on the metabolism of radionuclides is being carried out to improve the detection of low levels of internal contamination. - the Chernobyl accident has emphasized the need for an integrated nuclear emergency management system. Probabilistic approaches will now be finalised and will be applied in the near future. The different modules of accident consequence analysis must now be integrated with the monitoring systems, and real-time emergency management systems are being further developed on a Community level. Moreover, the scientific development of countermeasures to treat accident victims or to deal with contamination in the near, intermediate and far fields of a nuclear accident are being intensified within the co• operative groups of scientists from the Community. Such countermeasures must be based on a reliable assessment of the dynamic behaviour of radionuclides in the environment. The studies carried out in the Programme will continue to provide: - the scientific basis for the continued updating the Community directives for the "Basic Safety Standards for the Health Protection of the General Public and Workers against the Dangers of Ionizing Radiation" and the scientific background for the continued evolution of radiation protection concepts and practices, - the scientific knowledge to evaluate possible carcinogenic and genetic effects and risks from exposure to low doses and low dose rates of radiation of different qualities arising from natural radiation, medical diagnostic radiology, and nuclear and other industrial activities, - the methodologies to assess risks from radiation accidents as well as the rationales and techniques for the implementation of monitoring and countermeasures to prevent or - IV - reduce the consequences of such accidents to man and the environment, the incentive and support for co-operation between scientists in Member States, and the training of young scientists indispensable for maintaining radiation protection competence in the Community, the efficient use and dissemination of scientific knowledge in radiation protection. S. Finzi A.E. Bennett Director DG XII.D Director DG XI.A Nuclear Safety Research Nuclear Safety, Industry and Environment, Civil Protection G.B. Gerber Head of Unit DG XII.D.3 Radiation Protection Research TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PREFACE IJI RESEARCH CONTRACTS MANAGEMENT AND SCIENTIFIC DATA 1 A HUMAN EXPOSURE TO RADIATION AND RADIOACTIVITY 1 Al Measurement of Radiation Dose and its Interpretation 1 Bi6-026-Al 3 Collaboration on research and development concerned with the methodology and data in radiation dosimetry. 1 Dennis EURADOS-CENDOS Bi6-322-Al ICRU 7 Quantities, units and measurement techniques for ionizing radiation. 1 Allisy ICRU Bi6-347a-All 9 The implementation of the operational dose quantities into radiation protection dosimetry (NRPB Association). 1 O'Riordan NRPB 2 Marshall AEA Technology 3 Lembo ENEA 4 Chartier CEA - FAR Bi7-020-A12 12 Study and development of an individual electronic neutron dosemeter. 1 Decossas Univ. Limoges 2 Toinmasino ENEA 3 Zamani-Valasiadou Univ. Thessaloniki 4 Barthe CEA - FAR 5 Fernandez Moreno Univ. Barcelona Autonoma Bi7-025-A12 15 Use of the variance-covariance method in radiation protection. 1 Kellerer Univ. Miinchen 2 Lindborg Nat.Inst.Radiation Protection 3 Jcssen Univ. Aarhus - VII - Bi7-027-A12 1 7 The measurement of environmental gamma doses 1 B0tter-Jensen Ris0 National Laboratory 2 Lauterbach PTB 3 Dclgado Martinez CIEMAT Bi7-028-A12 20 Dosimetry of beta and low-energy photon radiation using extrapolation chambers and thin solid state dosimeters. 1 Christensen Ris0 National Laboratory 2 Chartier CEA - FAR 3 Herbaut CEA - Grenoble 4 O'Riordan NRPB 6 Gasiot Univ. Montpellier 5 Fernandez Moreno Univ. Barcelona Autonoma 7 Scharmann Univ. Giessen Bi7-030-A12 24 The use of microdosimetric methods for the determination of dose equivalent quantities and of basic data for dosimetry.
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