DOCSLIB.ORG

DEPARTMENT of OCEANOG HY

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

COL UNRIA DEPARTMENT ofOCEANOGRAPHY NENALEN R. T/LLAMOOK BAY SCHOOL of SCIENCE OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY S!L ETZ R. YAOU/NA R. ALSEA PROGRESS REPORT Ecological Studies of Radioactivity in the Columbia River Estuary and Adjacent Pacific Ocean OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY William O. Forster, Principal Investigator Compiled and Edited by James E. McCauley Atomic Energy Commission MarinePollution Contract AT(45-1)1750 Ecology RLO 1750-54 QSU OCEANOGRAPHY Reference 69-9 1 July 1968 through 30 June 1969 Gc Q 7 3 ECOLOGICAL STUDIES OF RADIOACTIVITY IN THE COLUMBIA Sc.C RIVER ESTUARY AND ADJACENT PACIFIC OCEAN Compiled and Edited by James E. McCauley Principal Investigator:William O. Forster Co-investigators: Andrew G. Carey, Jr, James E. McCauley William G. Pearcy William C. Renfro Department of Oceanography Oregon State University Corvallis, Oregon 97331 PROGRESS REPORT 1 July 1968 through 30 June 1969 Submitted to U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Contract AT(45-1)1750 Reference 69-9 RLO 1750-54 July 19 69 Marine PollutionEcology OSU OCEANOGRAPHY STAFF William O. Forster, Ph.D. Principal Investigator Assistant Professor of Oceanography Andrew G. Carey, Jr., Ph.D. Co-Investigator Assistant Professor of Oceanography Benthic Ecology James E. McCauley,Ph. D. Co-Investigator Associate Professor of Oceanography BenthicEcology William G. Pearcy,Ph. D. Co-Investigator Associate Professor of Oceanography Nekton Ecology William C. Renfro, Ph.D. Co-Investigator Assistant Professor of Oceanography Radioecology Frances Bruce, B. S. Benthic Ecology Rodney J. Eagle, B. S. Nekton Ecology John Ellison, B. S. Radiochemistry Norman Farrow Instrument Technician Peter Kalk, B. S. Nekton Ecology Michael Kyte, B. S. Benthic Ecology I.Lauren Larsen, B. S. Gamma Ray Spectrometry Harriet A. Lorz, M.S. Nekton Ecology Roger R. Paul, B. S. Benthic Ecology Roger Phelps, B. S. Radiochemistry William Phoenix Gamma Ray Spectrometry David Stein, B. S. Nekton Ecology James Steinfeld, B. S. Radiochemistry William R. Vermeer, B. S. Gamma Ray Spectrometry Gerald Wagner, B. S. Atomic Absocpt.ion ,` }c ct ronE try Show Wu, B.S. Radiochemistry A CKNOWLEDGMENTS A major expense in oceanographic research is "time at sea". Operations on the R/V YAQUINA, R/V CAYUSE, R/V PAIUTE, and R/V SHOSHONE were funded by several agencies, with the bulk coming from the National Science Foundation and Office of Naval Research. Certain special cruises of radiochemical or radioecological import were funded by the Atomic Energy Commission, as was much of the equip- ment for radioanalysis and stable element analysis.Most of the support for student research, plus some of the gamma ray spectrometry facilities, were provided by the U. S. Public Health Service.We gratefully acknowl- edge the role of these agencies in support of the research reported in the following pages. We also wish to express our thanks to the numerous students and staff who have contributed to the preparation of this progress report, especially to Mrs. Virginia Smith who typed the entire report. ECOLOGICAL STUDIES OF RADIOACTIVITY IN THE COLUMBIA RIVER ESTUARY AND ADJACENT PACIFIC OCEAN TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION. Radioanalysis Procedures- Larsen 5 Stable Element Analysis by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry- Wagner, Larsen, Forster. 7 II. RESEARCH IN PROGRESS A. Introduction to Abiotic Research-Forster . 9 In Situ Probe Measurement of 51 Cr- Forster, Larsen, Wagner . 10 Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Analysis of Various Oxidation States of Chromium- Stanford Forster . 12 Large Volume Precipitation- Forster, Larsen . 13 Sorption Techniques to Characterize the Form and Depth of Columbia River Plume Water - Forster, Larsen, Wagner, Perkins . 16 APDC Extraction Efficiency for Various Trace Radionuclides- Forster, Wagner . 19 Detection and Analysis of Airborne Gamma Emitting Radionuclides - Gilson, Forster . 20 Trace Elements in Snow From the Pacific Northwest - Forster, Wagner, Curl, Becker . 25 In Situ Bottom Sediment Collectors- Carey, Mesecar,Groelle . 28 Columbia River Flow Times During the 1966 Hanford Reactor Shutdown- Forster, Hanson . 30 Chemical Watermass Tracer - Hanson, Forster. 33 The Changing Form of the Radionuclides 65Zn and 51Cr Downriver from The Dalles to Astoria, Oregon, in December, 1966 - Forster, Osterberg, Hanson. 37 Antimony-124 in the Lower Columbia River - Pope, Renfro, Forster . 43 Effects of Paper Mill Wastes on Particulate Activity of 65Zn - Pope, Forster, Renfro. 45 The Effects of Kraft Mill Wastes and Domestic Pollutants on Dissolved Metallic Elements in Aquatic Environments - Hennebry, Forster . 47 Chrome-51/Zinc-65 Ratios in Columbia River Estuarine Water During Tidal Changes - Forster, Hanson. 51 Particulate 65Zn and51Crin Columbia River Estuary - Forster, Hanson . 55 Yearly Variation of Specific Activities of 65Zn in the Columbia River Estuary - Forster, Wagner. 58 Monthly South-Channel Columbia River Estuary Chemical Data - Forster, Park, Renfro . 61 The Variability of Six Radionuclides with Depth at Two Stations off the Oregon Coast in 1968 Forster, Robertson . 67 Percentage of Six Radionuclides Associated with Particles from Surface to 1. 6 km in the Northeast Pacific Ocean WaterForster, Robertson. 71 Changing Form and Levels of Activity of Several Columbia River Radionuclides as They Mix with Northeast Pacific Ocean Water - Forster, Larsen Wagner. 75 Depth Distribution of Several Trace Elements in Non-Plume Waters Outside of the Columbia River Plume 1967 - Robertson, Forster . 78 The Conservative Nature of 51 Cr in Sea Water- Forster . 80 Vanadium Distribution in the Water, Sediments, and Biota of Columbia River Estuary and Plume Waters - Dyer, Forster, Renfro . 82 Stable Zinc Concentrations in Northeast Pacific Waters - Forster . .. 85 Trace Elements in Bottom Sediments off Southern Oregon Coast - Forster, Naidu, Wagner.88 Distribution of 65Zn and 60Co in Fractionated Sediments of the Columbia River Estuary - Delaplane, Forster, Renfro . 92 B. Introduction to Biological Aspects of Radioecology - M c Cauley . 97 Investigations on the Benthic Shelled Gastropods off Oregon-Bertrand. 99 Polychaetous Annelids- Hancock, Carey . 100 Depth Distribution of Scaphopods off Oregon- Bruce, Carey . 102 The OceanicShrimp Sergestes similisoff the Oregon Coast - Pearcy, Forss . 104 Ophiuroid Echinoderms Collected off Oregon- Kyte . 105 Several New Species of Urosporidae (Sporozoa: Gregarinida) From the Heart-Urchin Brisaster latifrons - Brownell, McCauley . 109 Geographic Distribution and Relative Abundance of the Salpidae off the Oregon Coast-Hubbard, Pearcy . 111 Parabassogigas grandis (GUnther), a Deep-Sea Ophidioid Fish From the Northeastern Pacific Ocean - Eagle . 112 Variability in the Heart-Urchin Brisaster latifrons - Brownell, M c Cauley . 113 Size Structureand GrowthRate ofEuphausiapacifica off the Oregon Coast - Smiles, Pearcy . 117 Diversity and Similarity of Benthic Populations off the Coast of Oregon - Stander, Carey . 118 Growth and Reproduction of a Lanternfish - Smoker. 122 Sound Scattering by Marine Organisms in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean - Donaldson, Pearcy. 123 Vertical Migration of Pandalus job rdani: a Feeding and Dispersing Mechanism- Pearcy . 124 The Feeding Habits of Three Species of Lanternfishes (Myctophidae) off Central Oregon} - Tyler . 125 Feeding Habits of Benthic Fishes - Stein . 126 Sebastodes flavidus, a Shelf Rockfish Feeding on Mesopelagic Fauna, with Consideration of the Ecological Implication - Pereyra, Pearcy, Ca rvey . 127 Plankton and Nutrient Ecology of the Columbia River Estuary - Haertel . 128 Ecology and Radioecology of Benthic Animals- Carey. 130 Radioecology of Benthic Fishes - Vanderploeg . 133 Trace Element Characterization of Phytoplankton - Stanford, Pequegnat, Forster, Small . 141 Trace Element Composition of Northeastern Pacific Foraminifera - Forster, Fowler . 142 Relation of the Calcitic Ca: Mg Ratio to Environ- mental Parameters of Allocentrotus fragilis - Sumich, McCauley. 145 Phosphorus Turnover in the Starry Flounder (Platichtys stellatus) - Romberg, Renfro, Forster.148 Seasonal Uptake, Retention and Concentration of Phosphorus-32 in Juvenile Starry Flounder - Bolen, Forster, Renfro. 149 Uptake of32Pand 65Zn by Young Chinook Salmon in the Columbia River - Romberg, Renfro. 150 Determination of SpecificActivityof 65Zn in Tissues of Mytilus californianus-Larsen. 154 Zinc-65 as a Tool to Identify Stocks of Coho in the Ocean - Forster, Loeffel . 158 Zinc-65 Distribution in Tissues of the Pacific Hake - Naidu, Forster, Pearcy . .163 Specific Activities of 65Zn in Staghorn Sculpins and Sand Shrimp in the Columbia River Estuary - Steinfeld, Renfro. 166 Laboratory Analysis of Rates of Uptake and Loss of Zinc-65 by a Marine, Unicellular Alga- Tomlinson, Renfro, Forster . 169 Seasonal Variation and Distribution of 65Zn, 54Mn, and 51Cr in Tissues of the Crab, Cancer mag.ister Dana - Tennant, Forster . 172 65ZnSpecific Activities of Starry Flounder Organs - Renfro, Forster. 173 Transfer of Radionuclides through a Marine Food Web - Renfro . 177 Estuary-Ocean Boundary Studies-King, McCauley 186 III. STUDENT PARTICIPATION . 187 THESES (Abstracts) . 193 Lead-210 in Selected Marine Organisms - Beasley 193 Bathyal and Abyssal Polychaetes (Annelids) from the Central Coast of Oregon - Hancock . 194 Size Structureand GrowthRate of Euphausia pacifica off the Oregon Coast - Smiles . 195 IV. PAPERS PRESENTED AND MEETINGS ATTENDED . 197 V. REPRINTS. 201 Zinc-65 in Echinoderms and Sediments in the Marine Environment off Oregon- Carey . 201 The Effect of Temperature, Sediment,
Recommended publications
  • Why Are There So Many Flatfishes? Jaw Asymmetry, Diet, and Diversification in the Pleuronectiformes

    Why Are There So Many Flatfishes? Jaw Asymmetry, Diet, and Diversification in the Pleuronectiformes

    Why are there so many flatfishes? Jaw asymmetry, diet, and diversification in the Pleuronectiformes Jonathan Chang1 Functional Morphology and Ecology of Fishes Summer 2014 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Contact information: Jonathan Chang 610 Charles E. Young Drive S Los Angeles CA 90095 [email protected] Keywords: flatfish, Pleuronectidae, Paralichthyidae, Bothidae, asymmetry, geometric morphometrics, comparative methods, functional morphology Chang 1 Abstract Flatfishes (Actinopterygii: Pleuronectiformes) are a diverse group of teleost fishes, with over 700 species in the order. Jaw asymmetry and diet have been thought to contribute to flatfish diversity but this has not yet been tested in a comparative framework. Here I use geometric morphometric and comparative methods to test whether ocular-blind side asymmetry in flatfish head morphology contributed to flatfish diversification. I find that the repeated convergent evolution of similar morphology, jaw function, and diet likely contribute to the high diversity of flatfishes. Introduction Pleuronectiform fishes are highly diverse, with over 700 described species (Froese and Pauly, 2014). These fishes are characterized by their unique bilateral asymmetry and their benthic ecology. Flatfishes also generally consume one of three main types of prey: buried infauna, pelagic fishes and crustaceans, and a third type intermediate to the first two (de Groot 1971, Tsuruta & Omori 1976). I hypothesize that this specialization into different prey types has driven the diversification and morphological disparity in asymmetry of flatfish species. Methods 12 species of flatfish comprising of 11 genera and 2 families (Table 1) were collected via trawl and seine at these sites: Jackson Beach, [48°31'13.0"N 123°00'35.1"W] and Orcas – Eastsound [48°38'26.9"N 122°52'14.0"W].
  • Pleuronectidae

    Pleuronectidae

    FAMILY Pleuronectidae Rafinesque, 1815 - righteye flounders [=Heterosomes, Pleronetti, Pleuronectia, Diplochiria, Poissons plats, Leptosomata, Diprosopa, Asymmetrici, Platessoideae, Hippoglossoidinae, Psettichthyini, Isopsettini] Notes: Hétérosomes Duméril, 1805:132 [ref. 1151] (family) ? Pleuronectes [latinized to Heterosomi by Jarocki 1822:133, 284 [ref. 4984]; no stem of the type genus, not available, Article 11.7.1.1] Pleronetti Rafinesque, 1810b:14 [ref. 3595] (ordine) ? Pleuronectes [published not in latinized form before 1900; not available, Article 11.7.2] Pleuronectia Rafinesque, 1815:83 [ref. 3584] (family) Pleuronectes [senior objective synonym of Platessoideae Richardson, 1836; family name sometimes seen as Pleuronectiidae] Diplochiria Rafinesque, 1815:83 [ref. 3584] (subfamily) ? Pleuronectes [no stem of the type genus, not available, Article 11.7.1.1] Poissons plats Cuvier, 1816:218 [ref. 993] (family) Pleuronectes [no stem of the type genus, not available, Article 11.7.1.1] Leptosomata Goldfuss, 1820:VIII, 72 [ref. 1829] (family) ? Pleuronectes [no stem of the type genus, not available, Article 11.7.1.1] Diprosopa Latreille, 1825:126 [ref. 31889] (family) Platessa [no stem of the type genus, not available, Article 11.7.1.1] Asymmetrici Minding, 1832:VI, 89 [ref. 3022] (family) ? Pleuronectes [no stem of the type genus, not available, Article 11.7.1.1] Platessoideae Richardson, 1836:255 [ref. 3731] (family) Platessa [junior objective synonym of Pleuronectia Rafinesque, 1815, invalid, Article 61.3.2 Hippoglossoidinae Cooper & Chapleau, 1998:696, 706 [ref. 26711] (subfamily) Hippoglossoides Psettichthyini Cooper & Chapleau, 1998:708 [ref. 26711] (tribe) Psettichthys Isopsettini Cooper & Chapleau, 1998:709 [ref. 26711] (tribe) Isopsetta SUBFAMILY Atheresthinae Vinnikov et al., 2018 - righteye flounders GENUS Atheresthes Jordan & Gilbert, 1880 - righteye flounders [=Atheresthes Jordan [D.
  • UC San Diego Bulletin of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography

    UC San Diego Bulletin of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography

    UC San Diego Bulletin of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Title Systematics, Variation, Distribution, And Biology Of Rockfishes Of The Subgenus Sebastomus (Pisces, Scorpaenidae, Sebastes) Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3g86j50t Author Chen, Lo-Chai Publication Date 1971-06-18 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California SYSTEMATICS, VARIATION, DISTRIBUTION, AND BIOLOGY OF ROCKFISHES OF THE SUBGENUS SEBASTOMUS (PISCES, SCORPAENIDAE, SEBASTES) BY LO-CHAI CHEN BULLETIN OF THE SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO LA JOLLA, CALIFORNIA Vol ume 18 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BULLETIN OF THE SCRIPPS INSTTTUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LA JOLLA, CALIFORNIA ADVISORY EDITORS: G. O. S. ARRHENIUS, C. S. Cox, E. W. FACER, C. H. HAND, TODD NEWBERRY, M. B. SCHAEFER, E. L. WINTERER Approved for publication May 15, 1970 Issued June 18, 1971 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS BERKELEY AND LOS ANGELES CALIFORNIA UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS, LTD. LONDON, ENGLAND ISBN: 0-520-093-70-4 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER: 70–631857 [CONTRIBUTION FROM THE SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY, NEW SERIES] © 1971 BY THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA CONTENTS Abstract 1 Introduction 1 Acknowledgments 2 Materials and Methods 3 Taxonomy 4 Genus Sebastes Cuvier, 1829 4 Subgenus Sebastomus Gill, 1864 6 Key to north Pacific species referred to subgenus 8 Sebastomus Sebastes constellatus (Jordan and Gilbert, 1880) 9 Sebastes rosaceus Girard, 1854 11 Sebastes helvomaculatus Ayres, 1859 14 Sebastes simulator, sp. nov. 16 Sebastes ensifer, sp. nov. 19 Sebastes notius, sp.
  • Fish Bulletin 161. California Marine Fish Landings for 1972 and Designated Common Names of Certain Marine Organisms of California

    Fish Bulletin 161. California Marine Fish Landings for 1972 and Designated Common Names of Certain Marine Organisms of California

    UC San Diego Fish Bulletin Title Fish Bulletin 161. California Marine Fish Landings For 1972 and Designated Common Names of Certain Marine Organisms of California Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/93g734v0 Authors Pinkas, Leo Gates, Doyle E Frey, Herbert W Publication Date 1974 eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California STATE OF CALIFORNIA THE RESOURCES AGENCY OF CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME FISH BULLETIN 161 California Marine Fish Landings For 1972 and Designated Common Names of Certain Marine Organisms of California By Leo Pinkas Marine Resources Region and By Doyle E. Gates and Herbert W. Frey > Marine Resources Region 1974 1 Figure 1. Geographical areas used to summarize California Fisheries statistics. 2 3 1. CALIFORNIA MARINE FISH LANDINGS FOR 1972 LEO PINKAS Marine Resources Region 1.1. INTRODUCTION The protection, propagation, and wise utilization of California's living marine resources (established as common property by statute, Section 1600, Fish and Game Code) is dependent upon the welding of biological, environment- al, economic, and sociological factors. Fundamental to each of these factors, as well as the entire management pro- cess, are harvest records. The California Department of Fish and Game began gathering commercial fisheries land- ing data in 1916. Commercial fish catches were first published in 1929 for the years 1926 and 1927. This report, the 32nd in the landing series, is for the calendar year 1972. It summarizes commercial fishing activities in marine as well as fresh waters and includes the catches of the sportfishing partyboat fleet. Preliminary landing data are published annually in the circular series which also enumerates certain fishery products produced from the catch.
  • Metabolic Enzyme Activities of Benthic Zoarcids Off the Coast of California

    Metabolic Enzyme Activities of Benthic Zoarcids Off the Coast of California

    METABOLIC ENZYME ACTIVITIES OF BENTHIC ZOARCIDS OFF THE COAST OF CALIFORNIA A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE UNDERGRADUATE DIVISION IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE DECEMBER 2011 By Erica June Aus Thesis Advisor Jeffrey Drazen I certify that I have read this thesis and that, in my opinion, it is satisfactory in scope and quality as a thesis for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Global Environmental Science. THESIS ADVISOR _________________________________ Jeffrey Drazen Department of Oceanography ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research project would not have been possible without the support of many people. It is an honor to have worked with my advisor Dr. Jeffrey Drazen, who has provided invaluable guidance and patience throughout this project. I also want to express my gratitude to both Nicole Condon and Jason Friedman. I wouldn’t have made it this far without their help, every step of the way. Thank you to everyone in the Drazen lab, including Anela Choy, Chris Demarke, and William Misa. Jane Schoonmaker, who has been there since day one of my journey through the Global Environmental Science degree, and provided much needed encouragement and assistance. Last but not least, all of my fellow Global Environmental Science majors who have laughed, cried, and suffered with me along the way. I appreciate all of the support. This research was conducted in accordance with the University of Hawaii Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocols. NSF provided funding for this work through a grant to Jeffrey Drazen (OCE 0727135).
  • Echinodermata

    Echinodermata

    Echinodermata Bruce A. Miller The phylum Echinodermata is a morphologically, ecologically, and taxonomically diverse group. Within the nearshore waters of the Pacific Northwest, representatives from all five major classes are found-the Asteroidea (sea stars), Echinoidea (sea urchins, sand dollars), Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers), Ophiuroidea (brittle stars, basket stars), and Crinoidea (feather stars). Habitats of most groups range from intertidal to beyond the continental shelf; this discussion is limited to species found no deeper than the shelf break, generally less than 200 m depth and within 100 km of the coast. Reproduction and Development With some exceptions, sexes are separate in the Echinodermata and fertilization occurs externally. Intraovarian brooders such as Leptosynapta must fertilize internally. For most species reproduction occurs by free spawning; that is, males and females release gametes more or less simultaneously, and fertilization occurs in the water column. Some species employ a brooding strategy and do not have pelagic larvae. Species that brood are included in the list of species found in the coastal waters of the Pacific Northwest (Table 1) but are not included in the larval keys presented here. The larvae of echinoderms are morphologically and functionally diverse and have been the subject of numerous investigations on larval evolution (e.g., Emlet et al., 1987; Strathmann et al., 1992; Hart, 1995; McEdward and Jamies, 1996)and functional morphology (e.g., Strathmann, 1971,1974, 1975; McEdward, 1984,1986a,b; Hart and Strathmann, 1994). Larvae are generally divided into two forms defined by the source of nutrition during the larval stage. Planktotrophic larvae derive their energetic requirements from capture of particles, primarily algal cells, and in at least some forms by absorption of dissolved organic molecules.
  • Guide to the Coastal Marine Fishes of California

    Guide to the Coastal Marine Fishes of California

    STATE OF CALIFORNIA THE RESOURCES AGENCY DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME FISH BULLETIN 157 GUIDE TO THE COASTAL MARINE FISHES OF CALIFORNIA by DANIEL J. MILLER and ROBERT N. LEA Marine Resources Region 1972 ABSTRACT This is a comprehensive identification guide encompassing all shallow marine fishes within California waters. Geographic range limits, maximum size, depth range, a brief color description, and some meristic counts including, if available: fin ray counts, lateral line pores, lateral line scales, gill rakers, and vertebrae are given. Body proportions and shapes are used in the keys and a state- ment concerning the rarity or commonness in California is given for each species. In all, 554 species are described. Three of these have not been re- corded or confirmed as occurring in California waters but are included since they are apt to appear. The remainder have been recorded as occurring in an area between the Mexican and Oregon borders and offshore to at least 50 miles. Five of California species as yet have not been named or described, and ichthyologists studying these new forms have given information on identification to enable inclusion here. A dichotomous key to 144 families includes an outline figure of a repre- sentative for all but two families. Keys are presented for all larger families, and diagnostic features are pointed out on most of the figures. Illustrations are presented for all but eight species. Of the 554 species, 439 are found primarily in depths less than 400 ft., 48 are meso- or bathypelagic species, and 67 are deepwater bottom dwelling forms rarely taken in less than 400 ft.
  • Integration Drives Rapid Phenotypic Evolution in Flatfishes

    Integration Drives Rapid Phenotypic Evolution in Flatfishes

    Integration drives rapid phenotypic evolution in flatfishes Kory M. Evansa,1, Olivier Larouchea, Sara-Jane Watsonb, Stacy Farinac, María Laura Habeggerd, and Matt Friedmane,f aDepartment of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005; bDepartment of Biology, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM 87801; cDepartment of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059; dDepartment of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224; eDepartment of Paleontology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109; and fDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 Edited by Neil H. Shubin, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, and approved March 19, 2021 (received for review January 21, 2021) Evolutionary innovations are scattered throughout the tree of life, organisms and is thought to facilitate morphological diversifica- and have allowed the organisms that possess them to occupy tion as different traits are able to fine-tune responses to different novel adaptive zones. While the impacts of these innovations are selective pressures (27–29). Conversely, integration refers to a well documented, much less is known about how these innova- pattern whereby different traits exhibit a high degree of covaria- tions arise in the first place. Patterns of covariation among traits tion (21, 30). Patterns of integration may be the result of pleiot- across macroevolutionary time can offer insights into the gener- ropy or functional coupling (28, 30–33). There is less of a ation of innovation. However, to date, there is no consensus on consensus on the macroevolutionary implications of phenotypic the role that trait covariation plays in this process. The evolution integration.
  • Glossary for the Echinodermata

    Glossary for the Echinodermata

    February 2011 Christina Ball ©RBCM Phil Lambert GLOSSARY FOR THE ECHINODERMATA OVERVIEW The echinoderms are a globally distributed and morphologically diverse group of invertebrates whose history dates back 500 million years (Lambert 1997; Lambert 2000; Lambert and Austin 2007; Pearse et al. 2007). The group includes the sea stars (Asteroidea), sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea), sea lilies and feather stars (Crinoidea), the sea urchins, heart urchins and sand dollars (Echinoidea) and the brittle stars (Ophiuroidea). In some areas the group comprises up to 95% of the megafaunal biomass (Miller and Pawson 1990). Today some 13,000 species occur around the world (Pearse et al. 2007). Of those 13,000 species 194 are known to occur in British Columbia (Lambert and Boutillier, in press). The echinoderms are a group of almost exclusively marine organisms with the few exceptions living in brackish water (Brusca and Brusca 1990). Almost all of the echinoderms are benthic, meaning that they live on or in the substrate. There are a few exceptions to this rule. For example several holothuroids (sea cucumbers) are capable of swimming, sometimes hundreds of meters above the sea floor (Miller and Pawson 1990). One species of holothuroid, Rynkatorpa pawsoni, lives as a commensal with a deep-sea angler fish (Gigantactis macronema) (Martin 1969). While the echinoderms are a diverse group, they do share four unique features that define the group. These are pentaradial symmetry, an endoskeleton made up of ossicles, a water vascular system and mutable collagenous tissue. While larval echinoderms are bilaterally symmetrical the adults are pentaradially symmetrical (Brusca and Brusca 1990). All echinoderms have an endoskeleton made of calcareous ossicles (figure 1).
  • 1 CWU Comparative Osteology Collection, List of Specimens

    1 CWU Comparative Osteology Collection, List of Specimens

    CWU Comparative Osteology Collection, List of Specimens List updated November 2019 0-CWU-Collection-List.docx Specimens collected primarily from North American mid-continent and coastal Alaska for zooarchaeological research and teaching purposes. Curated at the Zooarchaeology Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, Central Washington University, under the direction of Dr. Pat Lubinski, [email protected]. Facility is located in Dean Hall Room 222 at CWU’s campus in Ellensburg, Washington. Numbers on right margin provide a count of complete or near-complete specimens in the collection. Specimens on loan from other institutions are not listed. There may also be a listing of mount (commercially mounted articulated skeletons), part (partial skeletons), skull (skulls), or * (in freezer but not yet processed). Vertebrate specimens in taxonomic order, then invertebrates. Taxonomy follows the Integrated Taxonomic Information System online (www.itis.gov) as of June 2016 unless otherwise noted. VERTEBRATES: Phylum Chordata, Class Petromyzontida (lampreys) Order Petromyzontiformes Family Petromyzontidae: Pacific lamprey ............................................................. Entosphenus tridentatus.................................... 1 Phylum Chordata, Class Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes) unidentified shark teeth ........................................................ ........................................................................... 3 Order Squaliformes Family Squalidae Spiny dogfish ........................................................
  • Fishes-Of-The-Salish-Sea-Pp18.Pdf

    Fishes-Of-The-Salish-Sea-Pp18.Pdf

    NOAA Professional Paper NMFS 18 Fishes of the Salish Sea: a compilation and distributional analysis Theodore W. Pietsch James W. Orr September 2015 U.S. Department of Commerce NOAA Professional Penny Pritzker Secretary of Commerce Papers NMFS National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Kathryn D. Sullivan Scientifi c Editor Administrator Richard Langton National Marine Fisheries Service National Marine Northeast Fisheries Science Center Fisheries Service Maine Field Station Eileen Sobeck 17 Godfrey Drive, Suite 1 Assistant Administrator Orono, Maine 04473 for Fisheries Associate Editor Kathryn Dennis National Marine Fisheries Service Offi ce of Science and Technology Fisheries Research and Monitoring Division 1845 Wasp Blvd., Bldg. 178 Honolulu, Hawaii 96818 Managing Editor Shelley Arenas National Marine Fisheries Service Scientifi c Publications Offi ce 7600 Sand Point Way NE Seattle, Washington 98115 Editorial Committee Ann C. Matarese National Marine Fisheries Service James W. Orr National Marine Fisheries Service - The NOAA Professional Paper NMFS (ISSN 1931-4590) series is published by the Scientifi c Publications Offi ce, National Marine Fisheries Service, The NOAA Professional Paper NMFS series carries peer-reviewed, lengthy original NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, research reports, taxonomic keys, species synopses, fl ora and fauna studies, and data- Seattle, WA 98115. intensive reports on investigations in fi shery science, engineering, and economics. The Secretary of Commerce has Copies of the NOAA Professional Paper NMFS series are available free in limited determined that the publication of numbers to government agencies, both federal and state. They are also available in this series is necessary in the transac- exchange for other scientifi c and technical publications in the marine sciences.
  • Amphipoda Key to Amphipoda Gammaridea

    Amphipoda Key to Amphipoda Gammaridea

    GRBQ188-2777G-CH27[411-693].qxd 5/3/07 05:38 PM Page 545 Techbooks (PPG Quark) Dojiri, M., and J. Sieg, 1997. The Tanaidacea, pp. 181–278. In: J. A. Blake stranded medusae or salps. The Gammaridea (scuds, land- and P. H. Scott, Taxonomic atlas of the benthic fauna of the Santa hoppers, and beachhoppers) (plate 254E) are the most abun- Maria Basin and western Santa Barbara Channel. 11. The Crustacea. dant and familiar amphipods. They occur in pelagic and Part 2 The Isopoda, Cumacea and Tanaidacea. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California. benthic habitats of fresh, brackish, and marine waters, the Hatch, M. H. 1947. The Chelifera and Isopoda of Washington and supralittoral fringe of the seashore, and in a few damp terres- adjacent regions. Univ. Wash. Publ. Biol. 10: 155–274. trial habitats and are difficult to overlook. The wormlike, 2- Holdich, D. M., and J. A. Jones. 1983. Tanaids: keys and notes for the mm-long interstitial Ingofiellidea (plate 254D) has not been identification of the species. New York: Cambridge University Press. reported from the eastern Pacific, but they may slip through Howard, A. D. 1952. Molluscan shells occupied by tanaids. Nautilus 65: 74–75. standard sieves and their interstitial habitats are poorly sam- Lang, K. 1950. The genus Pancolus Richardson and some remarks on pled. Paratanais euelpis Barnard (Tanaidacea). Arkiv. for Zool. 1: 357–360. Lang, K. 1956. Neotanaidae nov. fam., with some remarks on the phy- logeny of the Tanaidacea. Arkiv. for Zool. 9: 469–475. Key to Amphipoda Lang, K.