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LLU TF Studentu Un Maģistrantu Zinātniskā Conference 2020

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LLU TF Studentu Un Maģistrantu Zinātniskā Conference 2020 Latvijas Lauksaimniec ības universit āte Tehnisk ā fakult āte LLU TF studentu un ma ģistrantu zin ātnisk ā conference 2020 Inženierzin ātņu sekcija 2020. gada 17. apr īlī Jelgava 2020 Programmas komiteja Dainis Berjoza Ilm ārs Dukulis Vit ālijs Osad čuks Att ālin ātas konferences vad ītāji Vad ītājs: Ilm ārs Dukulis Vad ītāja vietnieks: Dainis Berjoza Tehniskais redaktors: Vit ālijs Osad čuks Recenzenti Ilm ārs Dukulis; Aldis Pecka; Dainis Berjoza; Vilnis P īrs; M ārti ņš Ziemelis; Aivars Birkavs; Ain ārs Gali ņš; Liene Kancevi ča; Gints Birzietis; J ānis L āceklis-Bertmanis TF studentu un ma ģistrantu zin ātnisk ā konference Jelgava, 17.04.2020. SATURS - CONTENT Art ūrs Za ķis, Ruslans Šmigins DIETIL ĒTERA IETEKME UZ AUGU E ĻĻ AS FIZIK ĀLI – ĶĪ MISKAJ ĀM ĪPAŠ ĪBĀM EFFECT OF DIETHYL ETHER ON VEGETABLE OIL PHYSICAL – CHEMICAL PROPERTIES........................................................................................................................................... 4 Dainis Bergšpics, Dainis Berjoza TR ĪSRITE ŅU ELEKTROVELOSIP ĒDA R ĀMJA KONSTRUKCIJAS ANAL ĪZE ANALYSIS OF THREE – WHEEL ELECTRIC BICYCLE FRAME DESIGN........................................ 10 Jānis Saule, Dainis Berjoza UZ ŅĒ MUMA AUTOPARKA IZMAKSU ANAL ĪZE P ĀREJAI UZ ELEKTROTRANSPORTU ANALYSIS OF CAR FLEET CHARGES FOR THE COMPANY’S TRANSITION TO ELECTRIC TRANSPORT....................................................................................................................... 16 Aivis Jaškovskis, Aivars Birkavs RŪPNIECISKI KONSTRU ĒTIE P ĀRVIETOJAMIE RU ĻĻ U BREMŽU STENDI UN TO SAL ĪZIN ĀJUMS INDUSTRIALLY MANUFACTURED MOBILE ROLLER BRAKE STANDS AND COMPARISON OF THEM..................................................................................................................... 24 Pēteris Ālītis, M ārti ņš Ziemelis PLASTMASAS DETA ĻU REMONTA TEHNOLO ĢIJAS REPAIR TECHNOLOGIES OF PLASTIC PARTS................................................................................. 30 Jānis Krasti ņš, Imants Nulle PLASTMASAS RECIKL ĒŠANA PLASTIC RECYCLING.......................................................................................................................... 35 Jānis Ozols, Dainis Berjoza PNEIMATISK Ā MOTORA RAKSTURL ĪKŅU KONSTRU ĒŠANA DESIGNING OF CHARACTERISTIC CURVES FOR PNEUMATIC MOTOR..................................... 39 Agate K ļavi ņa, J ānis B ērzi ņš SILTUMENER ĢIJAS PAT ĒRI ŅA LIETDER ĪBA OZOLNIEKU NOVADA PIRMSSKOLAS IZGL ĪTĪBAS IEST ĀDĒS USEFUL HEAT CONSUMPTION AT OZOLNIEKI MUNICIPALITY PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS.......................................................................................................... 43 Lauris Vaits, Aleksejs Gedzurs NAFTAS PRODUKTU CAURUĻVADA “POLOCKA-VENTSPILS” MA ĢISTR ĀLO SŪKŅU STACIJU ELEKTROPIEDZI ŅAS UN ENERGOEFEKTIVIT ĀTES RISIN ĀJUMI ELECTRIC DRIVE AND EFFICIENCY SOLUTIONS OF OIL PRODUCT PIPELINE “POLOCKA – VENTSPILS” MAIN PUMP STATION.......................................................................... 49 Guntis Gailums, Aivars Ka ķī tis SUPERKONDENSATORS K Ā ALTERNAT ĪVA TRADICION ĀLAJAM AKUMULATORAM SUPERCAPACITOR AS ALTERNATIVE TO TRADITIONAL BATTERY............................................. 55 Reinis Pal ēvics, Aivars Birkavs ELEKTRISK Ā ST ŪRES PASTIPRIN ĀTĀJA DARBSP ĒJAS ANAL ĪZE THE ANALYSIS OF THE WORKING CAPACITY OF ELECTRIC POWER STEERING..................... 62 3 TF studentu un ma ģistrantu zin ātnisk ā konference Jelgava, 17.04.2020. DIETIL ĒTERA IETEKME UZ AUGU E ĻĻ AS FIZIK ĀLI – ĶĪ MISKAJ ĀM ĪPAŠ ĪBĀM EFFECT OF DIETHYL ETHER ON VEGETABLE OIL PHYSICAL – CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Art ūrs Za ķis Tehnisk ās fakult ātes 2. kursa ma ģistrants Ruslans Šmigins Zin ātniskais vad ītājs, asoc. prof., Dr.sc.ing. Abstract . The article provides information on an experimental study aimed at studying the physico-chemical properties of vegetable oil blends. Under laboratory conditions, the main physico-chemical properties of linseed oil (LE), linseed oil in three different mixtures with 10 %, 20 % and 30 % diethyl ether (LE10, LE20, LE30), diesel (DD) and diethyl ether (DEE) are determined. These properties are cross-checked with another study that identifies the main physico-chemical properties of rapeseed oil and diethyl ether mixtures (RE10, RE20, RE30). The study identifies the potential impact of these properties on diesel combustion processes. For a 30 % blend of linseed oil, the cold filter plugging point of -24 ºC, which means that the diesel car is operated in the winter season at lower air temperatures than other vegetable oil blends included in the study. Atsl ēgas v ārdi: dietil ēteris, rapša e ļļ a, lins ēklu e ļļ a, fizik āli – ķī misk ās īpaš ības. Ievads Mūsdien ās liel ākā da ļa transportl īdzek ļu k ā ener ģijas veidu izmanto fosilo degvielu. Šis degvielas veids tiek ražots no naftas produktiem, kuri atrodas zemes dz īlēs. Pats par sevi v ārds “fosil ā degviela” liek aizdom āties par to, ka šis degvielas veids gadu gait ā neatjaunojas, bet tieši pret ēji – naftas rezerves tiek izsmeltas. Š āda iemesla d ēļ tiek plaši mekl ētas alternat īvās jeb atjaunojam ās ener ģijas avoti. Plašus pan ākumus ir guvusi elektroener ģija, kuru k ā ener ģijas veidu p ēdējo gadu laik ā plaši s āk pielietot elektroautomobi ļos. Tas savuk ārt noz īmē, ka visu autoparku n āksies nomain īt uz t ādu, kas sp ēs k ā degvielu izmantot elektroener ģiju un, lai tas realiz ētos, būs nepieciešams ilgs laika posms un lieli finansi āli ieguld ījumi. Vienas no atjaunojamajiem resursiem ir augu eļļ as, ar kur ām sp ēj darboties dīze ļmotoru automobi ļi. Atpaz īstam ākās augu e ļļ as, kuras tiek ieg ūtas Latvijas teritorij ā, ir rapšu un lins ēklu e ļļas. Šo e ļļ u galven ā probl ēma ir t ās augst ā viskozit āte, kas ne ļauj t ās t īrā veid ā lietot k ā degvielu d īze ļmotoros pie zem ākām gaisa temperat ūrām. Protams, ir iesp ējams apr īkot automobi ļus ar speci ālām pal īgiek ārt ām, ar kuru pal īdz ību var š īs augu e ļļ as izmantot t īrā veid ā, bet tas prasa automobi ļa p ārb ūvi, un, l īdz ar to, lielas invest īcijas. Lai nesaskartos ar š ādām probl ēmām, ir iesp ējams iepriekš min ētaj ām augu e ļļā m zin āmās proporcij ās pievienot dietil ēteri. Š āds mais ījums samazina augu e ļļ as viskozit āti un nodrošina d īze ļmotoru darb ību ar ī pie zem ākām apk ārt ējās vides temperat ūrām gan Latvij ā, gan citur pasaul ē. Ēteris (dietil ēteris) ir ēteru klases organiski ķī miskais savienojums. Tas ir īpaši viegli uzliesmojošs š ķidrums ar pašaizdegšan ās temperat ūru 180 ºC. To ieg ūst etilspirta dehidr ācijas proces ā. Galven ā dietil ētera k ā degvielas piedevas priekšroc ība ir lielais cet ānskaitlis, laba sajaukšan ās sp ēja ar dīze ļdegvielu, etanolu un augu e ļļā m, k ā ar ī mais ījuma stabilit āte [1]. Pētījum ā analiz ējam ās linsēklu un rapša e ļļ as ir nerafin ētas, t ās ieg ūst ar auksto spiešanas tehnolo ģiju, k ā rezult ātā tiek saglab ātas visas biolo ģiski akt īvās vielas. T ās tiek izmantotas gan kulin ārij ā, gan medic īnā un pat kr āsu, laku ražošan ā. Pētījuma m ērķis ir raksturot rapša, lins ēklu e ļļ as un to dietil ētera mais ījumu pamat īpaš ība, un šo īpaš ību ietekmi uz degvielas iesmidzin āšanas procesu. Lai sasniegtu m ērķi, tika izvirz īti sekojošie uzdevumi: 1. iepaz īties ar fizik āli – ķī misko īpaš ību noteikšanas apr īkojumu un m ērījumu veikšanas proced ūras standartiem; 2. analiz ēt citu zin ātnieku p ētījumus saist ībā ar augu e ļļ as fizik āli – ķī miskaj ām īpaš ībām; 3. eksperiment āli izp ētīt lins ēklu e ļļ as un dietil ētera mais ījumu fizik āli – ķī misk ās īpaš ības; 4. analiz ēt šo īpaš ību ietekmi uz degvielas iesmidzin āšanas procesu. 4 TF studentu un ma ģistrantu zin ātnisk ā konference Jelgava, 17.04.2020. Materi āli un metodes Praktiskaj ā p ētījum ā noskaidro fizik āli – ķī misk ās īpaš ības lins ēklu e ļļ ai, lins ēklu e ļļ as mais ījumiem, dietil ēterim un d īze ļdegvielai. Iepriekš min ētaj ām viel ām nosaka kinem ātisko viskozit āti pie 40 ºC gaisa temperat ūras, k ā ar ī bl īvumu pie 15 ºC temperat ūras. Eksperiment āli nosaka auksta filtra nosprostošan ās punktu, pie k ādas temperat ūras “degviela” p ārst āj pl ūst caur filtru, k ā ar ī tiek noteikts virsmas spraigums. Iepriekš min ētajiem š ķidrumiem noskaidro uzliesmošanas punktu un siltumietilp ību. Kinem ātisko viskozit āti nosaka, izmantojot Anton Paar SVM 3000 m ēriek ārtu (skat. 1. att.). Standartiz ētā proced ūra EN ISO 3104 tiek ņemta v ērā, izpildot m ērījumus. Šķidrumu bl īvuma p ārbaudi veic, izmantojot iepriekš min ēto ier īci Anton Paar SVM 3000. Nepieciešamos m ērījumus izpilda saska ņā ar aprakst īto proced ūru standart ā EN ISO 3838:2005. Lins ēklu e ļļ ai, dietil ētera mais ījumiem, dietil ēterim un d īze ļdegvielai siltumietilp ību nosaka, pamatojoties uz degšanas siltuma m ērījumiem, kas tiek noteikti izmantojot autom ātisko KL-10 kalorimetru, kas par ādīts 2. att ēlā. Šim nol ūkam tiek izmantota izpildes proced ūra, kas aprakst īta ASTM D240-02:2007 standart ā. 1. att. Anton Paar SVM 3000 kinem ātisk ās 2. att. Kalorimetrs KL-10 siltuma daudzuma viskozit ātes un bl īvuma m ēriek ārta mērīšanai Auksta filtra nosprostošan ās punkta temperat ūru nosaka saska ņā ar NE 116:2015 standartu. Šim nol ūkam izmanto m ērīšanas iek ārtu FPP 5Gs , kas ir apr īkota ar ieb ūvēto dzes ēšanas sist ēmu (skat. 3. att.). 3. att. Mērīšanas iek ārta FPP 5Gs 4. att. Tensiometrs LAUDA TD1C [2] Virsmas spraigums tiek noteikts izmantojot LAUDA TD1C tensiometru. Eksperiment ālajiem paraugiem saska ņā ar metodolo ģiju, kas aprakst īta standart ā ISO 304, nosaka virsmas spraigumu (skat. 4. att.). Uzliesmošanas temperat ūru nosaka saska ņā ar EN ISO 2719 standartiz ēto metodiku atkl ātā t īģ el ī, izmantojot Kl īvlendas atkl ātā kausa (COC) metodi. Eksperiment ālais apr īkojums ir att ēlots 5. att ēlā. 5 TF studentu un ma ģistrantu zin ātnisk ā konference Jelgava, 17.04.2020. 5. att. Apr īkojums, kas paredz ēts uzliesmošanas temperat ūras noteikšanai Eksperiment ālaj ā da ļā nosaka fizik āli – ķī misk ās īpaš ības vasaras d īze ļdegvielai, kuru sa īsin ātā form ā apz īmē ar (DD).
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