Bow River Live Simulation

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Bow River Live Simulation Bow River Live Simulation Summary Report December 2011 This report was prepared by WaterSMART Solutions Ltd. (WaterSMART) and Alberta Innovates – Energy and Environment Solutions. It may be freely downloaded from the Alberta WaterPortal at: http://www.albertawater.com. Alberta Environment and Water has provided to Alberta WaterSMART a licence to use the data required to prepare this report for the purpose of conducting research and public dissemination on a non-commercial basis. Alberta Environment and Water data is co-mingled with other data and, as a result, it is not possible to separate Alberta Environment and Water data from other data. Therefore, Alberta Environment and Water requires the following copyright and disclaimer as it relates to its data contained herein. The statements below apply only to the data provided by Alberta Environment and Water to prepare this report, not to other aspects of the report. Copyright and Terms of Use This material, including copyright and marks under the Trade-marks Act (Canada), is owned by the Government of Alberta and protected by law. Permission Statement This material may be used, reproduced, stored or transmitted for non-commercial purposes. However, Crown copyright is to be acknowledged. We ask that: Users exercise due diligence in ensuring the accuracy of the materials reproduced; Alberta Environment and Water be identified as the source; and The reproduction is not represented as an official version of the materials reproduced, nor as having been made, in affiliation with or with the endorsement of Alberta Environment and Water. If it is to be used, reproduced, stored or transmitted for commercial purposes, arrange first for consent by contacting: Alberta Environment and Water: Environmental Modeling Team Leader at (403) 297-6565 Disclaimer Information in this report is provided solely for the user’s information and, while thought to be accurate, is provided strictly “as is” and without warranty of any kind. The Crown, its agents, employees or contractors will not be liable to you for any damages, direct or indirect, or lost profits arising out of your use of information provided in this report. Acknowledgements As was the case with the Bow River Project, participants gave generously of their time and expertise for the purpose of testing their earlier recommendations in a live Simulation. They are listed in Appendix A. Agencies and organizations that funded the live Simulation are also gratefully acknowledged. Contents Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................ 2 1.0 Background on the Bow River Project ................................................................................ 3 2.0 Bow River Simulation Objectives ....................................................................................... 4 3.0 Simulation Rules and Roles ................................................................................................. 4 4.0 Simulation Recap ................................................................................................................. 5 5.0 Simulation Results ............................................................................................................... 9 5.1 Comparison of Performance Measures .......................................................................... 10 5.2 Potential Refinements .................................................................................................... 14 6.0 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................ 15 Appendix A: Bow River Simulation Participants ..................................................................... 16 Appendix B: Two Water Bank Approaches ............................................................................. 17 Appendix C: Acronyms, Abbreviations and Conversion Factors............................................. 20 Tables and Figures Table 1. Performance Measures ...................................................................................................... 5 Figure 1. Flows at Bassano ........................................................................................................... 10 Figure 2. Shortages in the System................................................................................................. 11 Figure 3. Flow in the Kananaskis River........................................................................................ 12 Figure 4. Water Bank Storage ....................................................................................................... 13 Figure 5. Water Bank Approach 1 ................................................................................................ 17 Figure 6. Water Bank Approach 2 ................................................................................................ 18 Figure 7. Benefits of Water Bank Approach 2 at Bassano ........................................................... 19 1 Bow River Live Simulation Report, December 2011 Executive Summary In 2010, a diverse group of water users and managers in the Bow River basin proposed a different way of managing the river system that would make water available to existing and future users when and where it is needed most. One outcome of their work was the Bow River Operational Model (BROM). In 2011, the same group of individuals met again to test the impacts of their recommendations through a live simulation (the Simulation) using the BROM. This Simulation enabled participants to perform a realistic test of existing operations and to see the real-time operational impacts of their management choices. The Simulation exercise enabled stakeholders to better understand the type and range of discussions that are needed to make decisions about managing the river. It confirmed a number of the key recommendations put forward through the Bow River Project to improve aquatic health and to make effective use of a water bank to manage the timing of downstream flows. In essence, the Simulation confirmed that the Bow River system can and should be managed differently to foster innovation and achieve many economic, environmental and social goals throughout the Bow basin. Participants concluded that the BROM is a realistic model and a valuable tool for understanding the river system and exploring changes and potential opportunities to manage the system better. Additional refinements and improvements to the BROM were identified and proposed as a result of the Simulation. 2 Bow River Live Simulation Report, December 2011 1.0 Background on the Bow River Project For the past 100 years, the flow of the Bow River has been controlled by dams and reservoirs and by the operating rules established by the owners of these facilities. Since 1911, TransAlta Utilities (TAU) has been the main influence on the on-stream storage and release of water in the river and its tributaries. Since the early 1900s, water diversions and off-stream storage in support of irrigated agriculture and municipalities have also affected the flow and timing of water in the Bow River basin. The fact that the timing and flow rate of the Bow River are already being managed offers a unique strategic opportunity to change the way decisions are made and make water available for environmental purposes as well as to users when and where it is needed most. In 2010, the Bow River Project Research Consortium was established to explore options for re- managing the Bow River system from headwaters to confluence, in an integrated manner that considers all users, interests and values.1 Participants worked with an interactive, hydrologic simulation model to develop plausible and achievable scenarios for protecting the health of the river throughout the basin while also meeting the needs of water users. A major outcome of the Bow River Project (BRP) was the fully functioning, data-loaded Bow River Operational Model (BROM). In addition, participants gained valuable collaborative experience as they worked with the model. Nine principles guided the BRP: 1. Causing no significant, measurable environmental harm. 2. Assuming Bow River basin remains closed to new licences. 3. Respecting TransAlta’s reputation as an environmentally responsible and proactive corporation. 4. Compensating TransAlta for the cost of providing benefits to other parties. 5. Meeting Alberta’s annual apportionment commitments to Saskatchewan. 6. Maintaining minimum flow requirements for municipalities. 7. Supporting the long term population/economic growth forecasts. 8. Meeting long-term forecast needs of the Siksika First Nation. 9. Respecting Alberta’s water licensing priority system. The BRP concluded that the Bow River system can and should be managed differently to achieve many economic, environmental and social goals throughout the basin, and that the changes required could be implemented for relatively modest cost. The BRP created four alternative scenarios, one of which became the “preferred” scenario for managing the river system. This preferred scenario involved stabilizing Lower Kananaskis Lake and Kananaskis River, establishing a water bank capable of managing 60,000 acre-feet in a different manner, and raising the priority of the environmental flows throughout the river, as represented by the flow at Bassano; all scenarios are described in more detail in the original BRP report. Due to the short time frame for the BRP and the
Recommended publications
  • NYU Radiology CME in Banff MONDAY, August 3 TUESDAY
    NYU Radiology CME in Banff OPTIONAL ACTIVITIES The activities below have been arranged by TPI on an exclusive basis for NYU attendees so as not to conflict with the meeting agenda. *TPI reserves the right to cancel or re-price any tours that do not meet the minimum requirements. MONDAY, August 3 Welcome to Banff Sightseeing Tour – 1:30 to 6:30pm Adult -- $105Child (6-15) -- $87 Children under 6 – Free Feel the power of Bow Falls and the beauty that surrounds it just below Banff Springs Hotel. Continue exploring from some of the best views in town – Surprise Corner on Tunnel Mountain Drive, the Hoodoos (oddly shaped pillars of glacial rock), Mount Norquay’s winding road and Sulphur Mountain’s Peak. Take the gondola up to the 7,500 ft. summit of Sulphur Mountain and enjoy the panoramic view of the entire Bow Valley. Free time for refreshments in the restaurant or to explore the many trails that wind atop the mountain. Includes: round trip transportation aboard deluxe motorcoach, escort, gondola ride, admission fees, tax, and driver gratuity. Minimum 20 persons. TUESDAY, August 4 Kananaskis River Whitewater Rafting 1:30 to 6:30pm Adult -- $154; Child (5-15) -- $139 Enjoy the perfect mix of mountains, scenery, fun and a little action on an exciting whitewater paddle raft adventure on the scenic Kananaskis River. The river tour is rated a Grade 2 to 3. Once suited up in full rafting gear, begin a scenic float that gradually builds into an unforgettable whitewater thrill! A skilled rafting guide will ensure your safety and amusement.
    [Show full text]
  • CANADIAN ROCKIES North America | Calgary, Banff, Lake Louise
    CANADIAN ROCKIES North America | Calgary, Banff, Lake Louise Canadian Rockies NORTH AMERICA | Calgary, Banff, Lake Louise Season: 2021 Standard 7 DAYS 14 MEALS 17 SITES Roam the Rockies on this Canadian adventure where you’ll explore glacial cliffs, gleaming lakes and churning rapids as you journey deep into this breathtaking area, teeming with nature’s rugged beauty and majesty. CANADIAN ROCKIES North America | Calgary, Banff, Lake Louise Trip Overview 7 DAYS / 6 NIGHTS ACCOMMODATIONS 3 LOCATIONS Fairmont Palliser Calgary, Banff, Lake Louise Fairmont Banff Springs Fairmont Chateau Lake Louise AGES FLIGHT INFORMATION 14 MEALS Minimum Age: 4 Arrive: Calgary Airport (YYC) 6 Breakfasts, 4 Lunch, 4 Dinners Suggested Age: 8+ Return: Calgary Airport (YYC) Adult Exclusive: Ages 18+ CANADIAN ROCKIES North America | Calgary, Banff, Lake Louise DAY 1 CALGARY, ALBERTA Activities Highlights: Dinner Included Arrive in Calgary, Welcome Dinner at the Hotel Fairmont Palliser Arrive in Calgary Land at Calgary Airport (YYC) and be greeted by Adventures by Disney representatives who will help you with your luggage and direct you to your transportation to the hotel. Morning And/Or Afternoon On Your Own in Calgary Spend the morning and/or afternoon—depending on your arrival time—getting to know this cosmopolitan city that still holds on to its ropin’ and ridin’ cowboy roots. Your Adventure Guides will be happy to give recommendations for things to do and see in this gorgeous city in the province of Alberta. Check-In to Hotel Allow your Adventure Guides to check you in while you take time to explore this premiere hotel located in downtown Calgary.
    [Show full text]
  • Bow River Recreational Access Ghost Dam to Bearspaw Reservoirs. Introduction
    Calgary River Users’ Alliance Bow River Recreational Access Ghost Dam to Bearspaw Reservoirs. Introduction Outdoor recreational pursuits have increased in popularity in recent years with access to suitable venues close to the urban populations being one of the most important needs. Calgary and surrounding communities have access to a wide variety of outdoor pursuits with the Bow River and its tributaries offering a venue for paddle sports such as canoeing and kayak as well as fishing. But river recreational access is not without restraints. problems. Access to public waterways is often across privately owned land or under restricted access agreements within city and provincial property. In 2016 the City of Calgary addressed their concerns with the development of the Calgary River Access Strategy (RAS) (1) whereby a total of 12 designated river access sites were considered for improvements or new river access developments. To date two major projects have been completed, an upgrade to West Baker Park in the northwest quadrant of Calgary and a new boat ramp at Ogden Bridge. The Government of Alberta followed suit with the Bow River Access Plan (BRAP) (2) that addressed river access improvements between Fish Creek Provincial Park in Calgary and Johnson Island Provincial Park property at Carseland. Within the scope of the BRAP major improvements have been made to Policeman’s Flats in 2018 and a new road to McKinnon Flats in 2020. Also, the Harvie Passage Whitewater Park was developed in Calgary and other river recreational facilities are planned. Upstream of Calgary, the 50 Km reach of the Bow River between Ghost Reservoir and Bearspaw Reservoir has the potential to alleviate the ever-increasing river recreational use on the lower Bow River.
    [Show full text]
  • Bow River Basin State of the Watershed Summary 2010 Bow River Basin Council Calgary Water Centre Mail Code #333 P.O
    30% SW-COC-002397 Bow River Basin State of the Watershed Summary 2010 Bow River Basin Council Calgary Water Centre Mail Code #333 P.O. Box 2100 Station M Calgary, AB Canada T2P 2M5 Street Address: 625 - 25th Ave S.E. Bow River Basin Council Mark Bennett, B.Sc., MPA Executive Director tel: 403.268.4596 fax: 403.254.6931 email: [email protected] Mike Murray, B.Sc. Program Manager tel: 403.268.4597 fax: 403.268.6931 email: [email protected] www.brbc.ab.ca Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 2 Overview 4 Basin History 6 What is a Watershed? 7 Flora and Fauna 10 State of the Watershed OUR SUB-BASINS 12 Upper Bow River 14 Kananaskis River 16 Ghost River 18 Seebe to Bearspaw 20 Jumpingpound Creek 22 Bearspaw to WID 24 Elbow River 26 Nose Creek 28 WID to Highwood 30 Fish Creek 32 Highwood to Carseland 34 Highwood River 36 Sheep River 38 Carseland to Bassano 40 Bassano to Oldman River CONCLUSION 42 Summary 44 Acknowledgements 1 Overview WELCOME! This State of the Watershed: Summary Booklet OVERVIEW OF THE BOW RIVER BASIN LET’S TAKE A CLOSER LOOK... THE WATER TOWERS was created by the Bow River Basin Council as a companion to The mountainous headwaters of the Bow our new Web-based State of the Watershed (WSOW) tool. This Comprising about 25,000 square kilometres, the Bow River basin The Bow River is approximately 645 kilometres in length. It begins at Bow Lake, at an River basin are often described as the booklet and the WSOW tool is intended to help water managers covers more than 4% of Alberta, and about 23% of the South elevation of 1,920 metres above sea level, then drops 1,180 metres before joining with the water towers of the watershed.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring the Vastness of Banff National Park
    Exploring the Vastness of Banff National Park By Claire Walter o borrow on old Ttravelogue cliché, Alberta’s Banff National Park is study in contrast. Its 2,586 square miles comprise both wilderness and civilization. There are high mountains, deep valleys, endless forests and abundant wildlife. Even though much of it feels and looks remote, it is just 70 miles from Calgary – and the Trans-Canada Highway runs right through it. It contains one large town (Banff), one smaller town (Lake Louise Village), two palatial hotels (the Fairmont Banff Springs and Fairmont Chateau Lake Louise) and three significant downhill ski areas (Ski Lake Louise, Sunshine and Norquay). It is a park among parks, with Kootenay National Park just to the south, Yoho National Park to the west (and in another province) and Jasper National Park to the north. It is Canada’s oldest national park and also the one with phenomenal snowshoe opportunities. It’s a great destination for a snowshoe getaway or a multi-activity winter vacation with snowshoeing among the options. There’s skiing (Alpine and Nordic), wildlife viewing, spa- hopping and enjoying the shops, galleries, restaurants and nightspots in Banff or quieter Lake 1 Go FartherTM Model: ARTICA™ BACKCOUNTRY q Two-Piece Articulating Frame q Virtual Pivot Traction Cam q Quick-Cinch™ One-Pull Binding q 80% Recyclable Materials, No PVC’s eastonmountainproducts.com ©2010 easton mountain products Louise Village. As a bonus, winter is low season in Banff, so lodging is a bargain and the shops offer incredible values. Snowshoeing Options The most straightforward snowshoeing is practically from the doorstep of the Chateau Lake Louise.
    [Show full text]
  • South Saskatchewan River Basin Adaptation to Climate Variability Project
    South Saskatchewan River Basin Adaptation to Climate Variability Project Climate Variability and Change in the Bow River Basin Final Report June 2013 This study was commissioned for discussion purposes only and does not necessarily reflect the official position of the Climate Change Emissions Management Corporation, which is funding the South Saskatchewan River Basin Adaptation to Climate Variability Project. The report is published jointly by Alberta Innovates – Energy and Environment Solutions and WaterSMART Solutions Ltd. This report is available and may be freely downloaded from the Alberta WaterPortal website at www.albertawater.com. Disclaimer Information in this report is provided solely for the user’s information and, while thought to be accurate, is provided strictly “as is” and without warranty of any kind. The Crown, its agents, employees or contractors will not be liable to you for any damages, direct or indirect, or lost profits arising out of your use of information provided in this report. Alberta Innovates – Energy and Environment Solutions (AI-EES) and Her Majesty the Queen in right of Alberta make no warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information contained in this publication, nor that use thereof infringe on privately owned rights. The views and opinions of the author expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of AI-EES or Her Majesty the Queen in right of Alberta. The directors, officers, employees, agents and consultants of AI-EES and the Government of Alberta are exempted, excluded and absolved from all liability for damage or injury, howsoever caused, to any person in connection with or arising out of the use by that person for any purpose of this publication or its contents.
    [Show full text]
  • The 2013 Flood Event in the Bow and Oldman River Basins; Causes, Assessment, and Damages
    The 2013 flood event in the Bow and Oldman River basins; causes, assessment, and damages John Pomeroy1, Ronald E. Stewart2, and Paul H. Whitfield1,3,4 1Centre for Hydrology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C8. Phone: (306) 966-1426, Email: [email protected] 2Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2 3Department of Earth Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6 4Environment Canada, Vancouver, BC, V6C 3S5 Event summary In late June 2013, heavy rainfall and rapidly melting alpine snow triggered flooding throughout much of the southern half of Alberta. Heavy rainfall commenced on June 19th and continued for three days. When the event was over, more than 200 mm and as much as 350 mm of precipitation fell over the Front Ranges of the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Tributaries to the Bow River including the Ghost, Kananaskis, Elbow, Sheep, Highwood, and many of their tributaries all reached flood levels. The storm had a large spatial extent causing flooding to the north and south in the Red Deer and Oldman Basins, and also to the west in the Elk River in British Columbia. Convergence of the nearly synchronous floodwaters downstream in the Saskatchewan River system caused record high releases from Lake Diefenbaker through Gardiner Dam. Dam releases in Alberta and Saskatchewan attenuated the downstream flood peak such that only moderate flooding occurred in Saskatchewan and Manitoba. More than a dozen municipalities declared local states of emergency; numerous communities were placed under evacuation order in Alberta and Saskatchewan. More than 100,000 people needed to evacuate their homes, and five people died.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydrology Study, Bow and Elbow River Updated Hydraulic Model Project, Rev
    March 2010 HYDROLOGY STUDY, BOW AND ELBOW RIVER UPDATED HYDRAULIC MODEL PROJECT, REV. A Submitted to: Alberta Environment REPORT Report Number: 09-1326-1040 HYDROLOGY STUDY, BOW AND ELBOW RIVER UPDATED HYDRAULIC MODEL PROJECT Executive Summary Golder Associates Ltd. (Golder) was commissioned by Alberta Environment (AENV) to conduct a hydrology study for the “Bow and Elbow River Updated Hydraulic Model” project. The City of Calgary (the City), in partnership with Alberta Environment (AENV), plans to create a HEC-RAS (Hydraulic Engineering Center River Analysis System) hydraulic model of the Bow and Elbow Rivers through the City. The model implementation is primarily for supporting emergency response planning and operations through flood inundation mapping. It will provide additional perspective on current flood hazard area management and will provide a basis for increased understanding of fish habitat, river morphology and erosion, water quality and storm water runoff impacts. The scope of work for the hydrology study included: 1) Generation of naturalized daily flow series at the major storage facilities on the Bow River above Bearspaw Dam and on the Elbow River at Glenmore Reservoir; 2) Estimation of naturalized and regulated 1:2 to 1:1,000 year flood flows based on flood frequency analysis of naturalized and/or recorded peak flow series at relevant locations along the Bow River and its tributaries (including the Elbow River); 3) Development of synthetic inflow flood hydrographs for tributaries to the Bow River with hydropower developments and at the Water Survey of Canada (WSC) Bow River at Banff station; 4) Routing of the synthetic flood hydrographs through all major storage reservoirs along the Bow River above Bearspaw Dam and through the Glenmore Reservoir; 5) Commentary on the effects of climate change and the impact of stormwater runoff on flood estimates as well as on the seasonality of flood peaks; and 6) Comparison of the new flood flow estimates with those of AENV’s 1983 Calgary Floodplain Study (the 1983 study).
    [Show full text]
  • Ca 1978 ISSS Tours 8+16E Report.Pdf
    11th CONGRESS I NT ERNA TI ONAL I OF SOIL SCIENCE EDMONTON, CANADA JUNE 1978 GUIDEBOOK FOR A SOILS LAND USE TOUR IN BANFF AND JASPER NATIONAL PARKS TOURS 8 AND 16 L.J. KNAPIK Soils Division, Al Research Council, Edmonton G.M. COEN Research Branch, culture Canada, Edmonton Alberta Research Council Contribution Series 809 ture Canada Soil Research Institute tribution 654 Guidebook itors D.F. Acton and L.S. Crosson Saskatchewan Institute of Pedology Saskatoon, Saskatchewan ~-"-J'~',r--- --\' "' ~\>(\ '<:-q, ,v ~ *'I> co'"' ~ (/) ~ AlBERTA \._____ ) / ~or th '(<.\ ~ e r ...... e1Bowden QJ' - Q"' Olds• Y.T. I N.W.T. _...,_.. ' h./? 1 ...._~ ~ll"O"W I ,-,- B.C. / U.S.A. ' '-----"'/' FIG. 1 GENERAL ROUTE MAP i; i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...............•..................................... vi INTRODUCTION ........................................................ 1 GENERAL ITINERARY ................................................... 2 REGIONAL OVERVIEW ..•................................................. 6 The Alberta Plain .................................................. 6 15 The Rocky Mountain Foothills ........................................ The Rocky Mountains ................................................ 17 DAY 1: EDMONTON TO BANFF . • . 27 Road Log No. 1: Edmonton to Calgary.......................... 27 The Lacombe Research Station................................. 32 Road Log No. 2: Calgary to Banff............................ 38 Kananaskis Site: Orthic Eutric Brunisol.... .. ...... ... ....... 41 DAY 2: BANFF AND
    [Show full text]
  • Canadian Rockies
    TOP ADVENTURE DESTINATIONS: Canadian Rockies Are your student game for a breathtaking hike to the Takakkaw Falls, spot wildlife in Jasper, or take in stunning views with a trip up a Banff Gondola? If your students are ready to kayak on Moraine Lake, hike Lake O’Hara, and then relax in the Banff Upper Hot Springs, Educational Destinations can make your Canadian Rockies adventure trip rewarding and memorable. ADVENTURE OPPORTUNITIES: • View the highest peak in the Rocky Mountains • Take a Gondola Ride to Sulphur Mountain • Dare to Step Out on the Columbia Icefield Skywalk, a in the heart of the Canadian Rockies Glass-Floor Observation Deck Overlooking Sunwapta • Experience a Mind-Blowing Helicopter Ride Valley and a Walk to Twin Falls • Enjoy a Safari tour through teh River in Grizzly Bear • Take a Soak in the Popular Lussier Hot Springs Valley • Summit A Mountain Right In The Town Of Banff • Travel on a Gigantic Ice Explorer to a location where • Journey Through Johnston Canyon and See the Students can Walk on the Athabasca Glacier Waterfalls, Bridges, and Blue ‘Ink Pot’ Spring Pools • Experience a Tour by Horseback along the Bow River • See Iconic Wildlife on a Wagon Ride at the • Explore the Life of the Active Athabasca Glacier Boundary Ranch • Take a Tranquil Canoe Excursion on Pyramid Lake • Challenge the Rapids of the Kananaskis River • Visit Spirit Island...which is not an Island...Most of the • Experience Thrilling Treetop Adventures Time • Zipline Through Picturesque Landscapes • View the Blue Emerald Waters of Alpine • Explore
    [Show full text]
  • Water Quality in the South SK River Basin
    Water Quality in the South SK River Basin I AN INTRODUCTION TO THE SOUTH SASKATCHEWAN RIVER BASIN I.1 The Saskatchewan River Basin The South Saskatchewan River joins the North Saskatchewan River to form one of the largest river systems in western Canada, the Saskatchewan River System, which flows from the headwater regions along the Rocky Mountains of south-west Alberta and across the prairie provinces of Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba). The Prairie physiographic region is characterized by rich soils, thick glacial drift and extensive aquifer systems, and a consistent topography of broad rolling hills and low gradients which create isolated surface wetlands. In contrast, the headwater region of the Saskatchewan River (the Western Cordillera physiographic region) is dominated by thin mineral soils and steep topography, with highly connected surface drainage systems and intermittent groundwater contributions to surface water systems. As a result, the Saskatchewan River transforms gradually in its course across the provinces: from its oxygen-rich, fast flowing and highly turbid tributaries in Alberta to a meandering, nutrient-rich and biologically diverse prairie river in Saskatchewan. There are approximately 3 million people who live and work in the Saskatchewan River Basin and countless industries which operate in the basin as well, including pulp and paper mills, forestry, oil and gas extraction, mining (coal, potash, gravel, etc.), and agriculture. As the fourth longest river system in North America, the South Saskatchewan River Basin covers an incredibly large area, draining a surface of approximately 405 860 km² (Partners FOR the Saskatchewan River Basin, 2009). Most of the water that flows in the Saskatchewan River originates in the Rocky Mountains of the Western Cordillera, although some recharge occurs in the prairie regions of Alberta and Saskatchewan through year-round groundwater contributions, spring snow melt in March or April, and summer rainfall in May and early July (J.W.
    [Show full text]
  • Aquatic Ecosystems: the Elbow River an Educational Field Study for Biology-20 Students Acknowledgements
    Aquatic Ecosystems: The Elbow River An Educational Field Study for Biology-20 Students Acknowledgements The development of this field study program was made possible through a partnership between Alberta Tourism, Parks and Recreation, the Friends of Kananaskis Country, and the Elbow River Watershed Partnership. The program was written and compiled by the Environmental Education Program in Kananaskis Country and the field study equipment and programming staff were made possible through the Friends of Kananaskis Country with financial support from the Elbow River Watershed Partnership, Alberta Ecotrust, the City of Calgary, and Lafarge Canada. The Elbow River Watershed Partnership also provided technical support and expertise. These materials are copyrighted and are the property of Alberta Tourism, Parks and Recreation. They have been developed for educational purposes. Reproduction of student handouts by school and other non-profit organizations is encouraged with acknowledgement of their sources when they are used in conjunction with this field study program. Otherwise, written permission is required for the reproduction or use of anything contained in this document. For further information contact the Environmental Education Program in Kananaskis Country. Committee responsible for implementing the program include: Monique Dietrich Elbow River Watershed Partnership, Calgary, Alberta Jennifer Janzen Springbank High School, Springbank, Alberta Mike Tyler Woodman Junior High School, Calgary, Alberta Janice Poleschuk St. Jean Brebeuf Junior
    [Show full text]