REVIEW ARTICLE ISSN 2456-0170

A CRITICAL REVIEW ON “RASADHYAYA” 1Dr. Kadam Sayali Laxmanrao 2Dr. Pooja Dhiman 3Dr. Vijaykumar B. Chavadi 1&2Final year P.G. Scholar 3Associate Professor Dept. of P.G. studies in Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana B.V.V.S. Ayurved Medical College & Hospital, Bagalkot- Karnataka ABSTRACT Rasashastra evolved based on concepts of Dhatuvada & Dehavada. There are various textbooks which describes on these concepts and Rasadhyaya is one among them. Rasashastra / iatrochemistry is mainly dealing with the processing and therapeutic utilization of mercury, other metals and minerals. The present article highlights framework of the book, its author, time period, chapters with detail critical analysis and peculiarities. This article even describes about the contribution of the text towards Ayurveda.

KEYWORDS: Rasashastra, Rasadhyaya, Dhatuvada, Dehavada

INTRODUCTION

Rasashastra is an integral part of Samsthana, Varanasi. Champaka has Ayurveda that deals with mercury, metals written Sanskrit commentary. In 1386 1st and minerals having therapeutic and Teeka on Rasadhyaya by Merutunga Jain. alchemical importance. The present article Contents of texts: highlights about review of the text Author has named the Chapters of text as Rasadhyaya authored by Pandit Rama Adhikara. Subject matter of the text contains Krishna Sharma, all the pharmaceutical total 481 verses and is divided into 21 procedures are explained in detail as well as chapters (As mentioned the preface of the different methods have been explained like book). Shodhana, Marana, preparation of Mentioned five types of Rasa Pooja: Kupipakwa Rasayana etc. Since this book Rasabhakshana, Rasasparshana, Rasadan, emphasizes on Rasashastra hence called as Rasadhyana, Rasapooja. ‘Rasadhyaya’. Such books are need of hour Peculiarities in Prathama Adhikara: to study in detail. Rasadhyaya Vishayaka Pratidnya: About the Author and Period: Firstly, author has explained about the -The Kashi Sanskrit Series 79, Shri Parada Dosha, Dosha Nirdesha, Parada Kankalaya Shishya Yogi Virachita Shuddhi or Parada Samskaras, after that -Time period: 14th century AD. Lohasiddhi, Dehasiddhi and Rasayana are Editor, Publisher and Commentaries: being explained. The text book edited by Pandit Rama Saptakanchuka Doshas of Parada found Krishna Sharma, with Rasaprabha Hindi mentioned different than other authors; 1. commentary by Dr. Indradeva Tripathi, Mruttikamaya Kanchuka, 2. Pashanamaya Published by Chaukhambha Sanskrit Kanchuka, 3. Jalajata Kanchuka, 4 & 5. 1782 www.ayurpub.com May-Jun 2021 Vol VI, Issue 3

Kadam Sayali Laxmanrao et al; A Critical Review on Rasadhyaya

Nagaja Dwidosha & i.e Kapali & Kalka In this text Abharaka shodhana with (Krushna Varna), 6 & 7. Vangaj Dwidosha different drugs, two types of Jeerna i.e Shyama (having Panchavarna) & Kalika. Abharaka Jarana Vidhi, Jeerna Abharaka Rasasya Pancha Dosha: Parada Vidhi, Abhra Pishti Nirmana Vidhi These Doshas are commonly present in also explain in detail. Parada 1-Mala dosha, 2-Vanhi dosha, 3- There is no reference regarding the Visha dosha, 4-Darpadosha, 5-Unmattha explanation of about Jeerna Abharaka Suta- dosha. Loha Prakasharaji Jarana Vidhi, Jeernaya More Doshas which are present in Parada Prakasha Raji Sutasya Hemaraji Jarana and its Vikaras:1.Mrunmaya (Mruttika Vidhi, Jeerna hemaraji sutasya Gandhaka Rupa)- Kushtha Roga, 2.Pashanamaya – Jarana Vidhi and lastly Jeerna Gandhaka Jadata, 3.Varijata-Vatastoma (Vatashtila) Paradasya Manahshila Satwa Jaranavidhi. 4,5.Vanga, Naga – Kapalika Dosha (Kushta Different types of Kharpara Jarana Vidhi in Bheda), 6.Kalika Dosha- Gajacharma, which Jeerna Kharpara Satwa Sutasya Pandu, Kamala 7.Shyama Kanchuka- Annapatha Hiraka Jarana Vidhi this type of Shweta Kushta, 8. Mala Dosha- reduces Parada is called as Roudra Samharaka Chanchalata, 9. Agnidosha- reduces Satwa, Parada because it engulfs the all types of 10. Visha Dosha- Bhrama, 11. Darpadosha- Rasa, Maharasa, Dhatu etc. here Upama blust the organ, 12. Unammatt Dosha- man given like a Shankara Mahadeva. becomes Unmmata. Vadvanal Vida nirmana Vidhi with different Doshamukta Parada Prayogasya Phalama: drugs should be used like Shankha, Madara Vaidyas who are practicing the Ashtadasha Dugdha, Jambira Nimbu Swarasa, Samskarita Parada which is helpful to the Sovarchala Lavana, Aja Mutra, Nara Mutra, Lohasidhi and Dehasidhi are Yashasvi or Shilajita, Jayapala Beeja, Gunja, Tankana, place secure in Swarga. Kasisa, Tintidik etc. The prepared Parada Ashtadasha Samsakaras are Vadvanala Vida is engulfing the Parada as arranged serially in different manner as well as Swarna, Abharaka, all tyapes of given bellow:1-Patasarana Samskara, 2- Lohas also. Mardana Samskara, 3-Shodhana Samskara, Siddharasa Nirmana Vidhi, Siddha Rasasya 4- Murchitothapana Samskara, 5- Rasa Phala nirupanam, Badhasutasya Sarana Patana Samskara, 6- Uthapana samskara, Vidhi also explained properly. 7- Swedana Samskara, 8- Niyamana Dwitiya Adhikara: Samskara, 9- Nirodhana Samskara, 10- Nagarajyadinamuttamadi Nirupana- Mukhakari, 11- Jarana Samskara, 12- Nagaraji was Samanya Raji, Makshiki Raji Vedhakruta Samskara, 13- Sarana is Madhyama Raji, Ghoshraji is Uttam. Samskara, 14- Marana, 15- Pratisarana, 16- Prakasharaji Niramanvidhi: TikshnaLoha-1 Kramana Samskara, 17- Vedha Samskara, Pala, Kansya- 2 Pala, Tamra- 9 Pala, 18- Udhatana Samskara. Pittala- 3 Pala, Naga- 15 Pala, Swarna Different methods of Abhraka Shodhana are Makshika – 7.5 Pala & do Jarana in a explained:

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Kadam Sayali Laxmanrao et al; A Critical Review on Rasadhyaya

Moosha upto Tamra part will be remaining with the Devadali Swarasa after that is known as Prakashraji. 1Gadhyana (4 Ratti) Swarna and 1Valla Kansyaraji Nirmanavidhi: Saraloha (3Ratti) Devadali Bhasma are amalgamated Churna-1 part, Kamsya Churna- 1part mixes and the end product is Hemadruti. in a Sharava and prepare in a bolus form. 1 Shashtam Adhikara: part of Shuddha Naga add in a Moosha do Shadloha Marana Vidhi: Naga - Manshila, Jarana, after that 1 part of Naga should be Vanga – Hartala, Loha Hingula, Tamra- added do Jarana repeatedly. Then Shudha Gandhaka, Rajata -Tilamakshika, Kansyaraji will be obtained. Swarna- Naga. Marana procedure is same Makshikaraji Nirmana Vidhi: Tamra as Tamra Marana. Churna-4Pala, Thutha Churna-4Pala, Tamra Marana Vidhi- 1 part of Tamra Swarnamakshika- 4Pala, in a Moosha do Patra, 2 parts of Gandhaka are subjected for Jarana upto 4 pala will be remaining is Mardana with Kumari Swarasa / Godugdha known as Makshikaraji. taken in a Sharava. Sharava samputa and Nagaraji Nirmana Vidhi: Shuddha Tamra- Sandhibandhana are done after complete 1part, Manahshila-4 parts, Mruta Naga – 4 drying Puta is given and collected after parts, Thutha Churna - 4 parts take all Swangashita. ingredients in a Moosha do Jarana upto 1 Saptam Adhikara, Ashtama Adhikara: part will be remaining is known as Nagaraji. Tridhanna Patha Hiraka Karana Trutiya Adhikar: Panchadha Marana Vidhi explained in this Kharpara Satwapatana Vidhi is explained to Adhikara. Three types of Hirakanna do in Moosha of Kuchalakara and Pathakarana Vidhi also explain. Five types Vartulakara then Satwapatana is extracted of Hiraka Bhasmikarana Vidhi has been through Nalika by subjecting to explained. BhudharaYantra. Navama Adhikara, Dasham Adhikara, Chaturtha Adhikara: Ekadasha Adhikara: For Gandhaka Manahshila Satwapatana Vidhi- Take different types of Gandhaka Shodhana, two Mrutakapatita Kanch Kupi fill with types of Gandhaka Pithi Nirmana Vidhi, as ManahshilaChurna and Abhrak put at the well as Gandhaka Taila Nirmana Vidhi. neck region close the Kanch Kupi, kept in a Swarna (Hema) Nirmana Vidhi: 384gms of ValukaYantra on Teevrigni for 12to15hrs. silver melted properly and added with 6 gm Then Manahshila goes upper side to the of Gandhaka Pithi to prepare Swarna bottle carefully collected after Swangashita. ( Hema ). Gandhaka Pithi is also helpful for Tridhannapathdoraka Karana Vidhi is three the goldsmiths. types of Shad Vidha Loha Drutikarana Dwadasha Adhikara: Vidhi is explained. Three types of Hema Nirmana Vidhi with Pancham Adhikara: Gandhaka Taila have been mentioned. Dwitiya Shad Lohadrutikarana Vidhi: Prathama Hema Karana Vidhi: Peetavarna Devadali Vruksha Panchanga is Shuddha Parada- 10 Gadhyanna (60gm) prepared in to Bhasma. Bhavana is given and Gandhaka Taila -1 Gadhyanna are

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Kadam Sayali Laxmanrao et al; A Critical Review on Rasadhyaya

taken and placed in a Bhudhara Yantra and Pachana, then subjected for Parada Bandha Sandhibandhana is done, later after drying or Khota Bandha. puta is given with 4Chagana (4 dried stem). Panchamodasha Adhikar: In this same manner 100 puta should be Gandhakadrutipittya Uttama Swarna given and every time Gandhaka Taila is to Nirmana: Explain the procedure Sharava in be added to each puta and Sandhibandhana a Kukkuta Puta this method is use for the should be done. After these 4 puta Hema preparation of Uttama Swarna. It is also Raji Dasha Valla is added and again 4 Puta known as Gandhaka Druti Pithi is to be given. By doing this the Parada Chatushashti Vedhak. becomes Jarita by 1 Karsha into it. Later to Shodashadasha & Saptadasha Adhikara: this the Rajata Patra is added and Kukkuta Talaka Shodhana Vidhi: Acharya says that Puta is given. Thus, Hema of Panchadasha Talaka means Godanti i.e. Haratala Varna is attained. Godanti Shodhana is done with 5 Dwitiya Hema Karana Vidhi: ingredients like Saindhajala, Lavana Yukta Rajata 12 parts, Tamra Loha 16 parts placed Kanji, Kushmanda Swarasa, Dugdha, in a Vajra Moosha, melt and prepare Wadawai Jala. Chandrarka Khota. This Khota is converted Ashuddha Godanti Upadravani: Ashudha into a Patra form and to this Khota apply Godanti produces Hrudkleda, Bhrama, Nadi Hemaraji churna and keep in a Sharava Vikara so it should be used after Shodhana Samputa and give Kukkuta Puta. By this only. After Shodhana it acts as Amruta. method Panchadasha Varna Hema will be Ashtadasha Adhikara, Ekonwimshatiya obtain. Adhyaya: Trutiya Hema Niramana Vidhi: Abharaka Trividha Drutinirmana Vidhi as Take Pittala Patra and cover with Purvokta well as its Karma also mentioned in Nirmita i.e (Dwitiya Hema Karana) and Rasadhyay. give 50 Kukkuta puta then 50 Varna Hema Abhraka Druti Nirmana: will be obtained. The Sukshma Churna of Vyaghra Madana is Trayodasha Adhikara: to be taken in a quantity of 80 kg and pound In this chapter the different types of to fine powder and it should be added in a Prakarantarena Gandhaka Tailena Hema Kanji and water should be added into it upto Nirmana Vidhi Gandhaka Vaarihrutipiti the level of Kantha Bhaga of Sthali. It Nirmana Vidhi also mentioned. should be kept for 7 days so that it will Gandhakadrutipitya Swarna Nirmana Vidhi attain the Amlata Bhava. Another Amla Jala have been mentioned. should be prepared by same method. Chaturadasha Adhikara: Shweta Abhraka Churna should be taken in Gandhaka Drutipittya Paradabandha a quantity of 40 kg and it should be mixed Khotabandha: In Sharava take Shuddha with prepared Amla Jala. The mixture Parada is taken in Sharava and kept on should be taken in Ulukhala Yantra and it Mrudu Agni for 21 days and put some drops should be pounded for 1 Yama and Dhanya of Gandhaka Jala throughout the process for Abhraka is to be prepared. This Dhanya

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Kadam Sayali Laxmanrao et al; A Critical Review on Rasadhyaya

Abhraka should be placed in a water for 21 Vimshatiya Adhaya: days and it should be dried under the sun Hemavajra bhasma, Bhunaga Satwakarma rays and it should be dried under the sun Nirupana, Gutikanjana Parada Sevana rays again and again. In this ¼ part of Rala, Vidhi: With the blessings of Lord Bhairava, Tankana Kshara, Lavana, and Kana Ganesh, Lakshmi, Saraswati the Gutika, Guggulu should be taken, Tila 36gm, Parada, Anjana become Siddha. Gutika, Guda120gm, Pallika Pithi 13 Ratti, Madhu Anjana, and Parada each are having 84 in 1gm Dugdha 12gm all the above ingredients number. In above formulation take in a use should be taken with Dhanya Abhraka and than before 1 month upto obtained result all Mardana is to be done. Yoga Tapa should be done, Like Then it should be kept in a Rakshasa Yantra Brahmacharya Palana, Havishaanna and heated upto 1 Yama, after that it should Bhojana etc. Shree Kankalayan Yogi has be kept for Swangshita and then Abhraka explained the Anjana, Gutika or Parada druti is to be collected. Prayoga etc. Dwitiya Dhanyabhraka Druti Nirmana Ekvimshatiya Adhyaya: Vidhi: Procedure of prepare Balavadini Guti: Shweta Dhanyaabhraka- 12gm in milk Abhraka Satwa- 4 Valla (1.50gm), Swarna vessels and feed to Sehula. It drinks the milk Makshika – 4 Valla, Shuddha Rajata – 4 and throws out side as a Purisha. This Valla, Hemaragi -1Valla and Ashtadasha Purisha should be collect and measure it, Samskarita Parada-49Valla all these take Tankana Kshara 1/4th part of the ingredients are taken in Khalwa Yanta and Purisha weight, then do Mardana with Mardana for 7 days. Letter on it is taken in Ghruta or Madhu prepare it as like Lepa and to Dola Yantra and Swedana procedure is take Tumbhi Nali Yantra and Lepa is done to carried out on Mandagni for 2 days, Letter inner side of the Tumbhi Yantra Dhmapana on the Gutis are prepared and Swedana is should be done by this method Dwitiya done in Panchamruta for 8 Prahara. Then it Dhanyabhraka Druti should be prepared. is taken into Kanta Loha vessels and Trutiya Dhanyabharaka Druti Nirmana Gutikas are mixed with Madhu and it is kept Vidhi: in Valupurita Sthali, This Sthali is placed Take brain of the rabbit, add Dhanyabhraka over the Koshti and Agni is given for 8 equal to the quantity of the brain ie240gm Prahara in a same pattern after Madhu it is and do Mardana it gets become like Pinda placed in Ghruta, then Dadhi, Dugdha, and placed in Ghruta or Taila coverd Patra Sharkara separately and individually 8hrs. and do Sandhibandhana properly and placed Swedana is carried out. it in Kankoshtha for 21 days. In this pot This medicine is use full for the Krumi originate and these engulf the Dnyanaprada this medicine starts from the Abhraka, later Krumi dies because of heat or first month of pregnancy. It is chewable for absence of Mechaka. Remaining material is 1month whole day and night time also. It after 21 days is known as Trutiya shows tremendous effect on human beings. Dhanyaabhraka Druti.

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Kadam Sayali Laxmanrao et al; A Critical Review on Rasadhyaya

DISCUSSION very useful in the preparation of various There is no any specific time period is given pharmaceutical formulations. in the book. Rasadhyaya author by CONCLUSION Kankalaya and his disciple, because their In this text very systematic description of period is not known. It can be said that it Parada Samskara (Astadasha) has been was contemporary of the Rajya. Because he described not only for the metallic has used Yawan, Shashan, Kalik, Maap, transformation but also for the metabolic (measure) Valla, Gadyann and Man etc. in transformation by which body will become his book. strong and healthy. The features of Rasa Many words and preparation processes in therapy are that it works quickly and gives this text differ from other texts. There are health immediately. Rasadhyaya is known some words that are not known by for its virtue of practical usefulness. It gives dictionaries and other texts, like Karpar, contribution to the development of Kodiyaka, Siddhachakra, Valla, Gadyaan, Rasashastra through various methods of Mana, Dugdhpali, Leehalaka, Kumbak etc. preparations of Rasa-Yogas. Chapters and its which do not have clear knowledge from the contents are well arranged. Rasadhyaya is dictionary. Acharya’s unique contribution is an important text on Ancient Indian seen in this text. In this text, the methods of Alchemy and therapeutics. The subject Parada Samskara are different from other matter of the text is focused on performance contemporary texts. In the order of the and alternative methods of experimentation. Parada Samskara, he first described the REFERENCE Patsarana, which is their fundamental Dr. Indradeva Tripathi, Rasadhyaya, contribution. In this text Acharya explained Chaukhambha Sanskrita Sansthan, Varanasi, the process of Heerak (diamond) testing and second edition-1982,Pp:1-100 the formation of Gandhaka Taila. Gold production has been described by Gandhaka CORRESPONDING AUTHOR Taila and Gandhak-Druti Pishti. Description Dr Kadam Sayali Laxmanrao of different types of Druti in the maximum PG Scholar, Dept. of P.G. studies in chapters, are the specialty of the text. In this Rasashastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana B.V.V.S. text Acharya quoted that Lohavada and Ayurved Medical College & Hospital, Dehavada will be achieved by the Bagalkot- Karnataka consumption of Parada formulations, Khot Email: [email protected] formulations and Gutika formulations. Acharya has highly praised the treatment of Source of support: Nil Rasaaushadhi very effectively. In Conflict of interest: None Declared Rasadhyaya the Author has included Cite this article as different types of Druti, Pishti and Rasa Dr Kadam Sayali Laxmanrao: A Critical Aushadhies by his own experience. There is Review on Rasadhyaya; VI(3): 1782-1787 no any doubt that Rasadhyaya is one of the best texts of its time. In modern era it is also

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