Cycle of a Tropical Cyclone

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Cycle of a Tropical Cyclone La Cyclogenèse des systèmes dépressionnaires tropicaux Tropical cyclone formation You are here ! P. Caroff Operations Manager RSMC La Reunion LaLa cyclogénèsecyclogénèse desdes systèmessystèmes dépressionnairesdépressionnaires tropicauxtropicaux Tropical cyclone formation Cyclogenesis in the South-West Indian Ocean (15-20 January 2002) Cyclogénèse dans le Sud-Ouest de l’Océan Indien (15-20 janvier 2002) LaLa cyclogénèsecyclogénèse desdes systèmessystèmes dépressionnairesdépressionnaires tropicauxtropicaux Tropical cyclone formation Cyclogenesis in the South-West Indian Ocean (24-28 January 2000) Cyclogénèse dans le Sud-Ouest de l’Océan Indien (24-28 janvier 2000) LaLa cyclogénèsecyclogénèse desdes systèmessystèmes dépressionnairesdépressionnaires tropicauxtropicaux Tropical cyclone formation Cyclogenesis in the South-West Indian Ocean (24-28 January 2000) Cyclogénèse dans le Sud-Ouest de l’Océan Indien (24-28 janvier 2000) TC CONNIE LaLa cyclogénèsecyclogénèse desdes systèmessystèmes dépressionnairesdépressionnaires tropicauxtropicaux Cyclogenesis in the South-West 28/03/2014 Indian Ocean (28-30 April 2014) 0730 utc Cyclogénèse dans le Sud-Ouest de l’Océan Indien (28 - 30 avril 2014) LaLa cyclogénèsecyclogénèse desdes systèmessystèmes dépressionnairesdépressionnaires tropicauxtropicaux Cyclogenesis in the South-West 28/03/2014 Indian Ocean (28-30 March 2014) 0730 utc Cyclogénèse dans le Sud-Ouest de TC HELLEN l’Océan Indien (28 - 30 mars 2014) 30/03/2014 0615 utc LaLa cyclogénèsecyclogénèse desdes systèmessystèmes dépressionnairesdépressionnaires tropicauxtropicaux Hurricane Harvey in the Gulf of Mexico (23-24 August 2017) 23/08/2017 2356 utc Ouragan Harvey dans le Golfe du Mexique (23 - 24 août 2017) 24/08/2017 2158 utc 05/01/1996 06/01/1996 07/01/1996 08/01/1996 LesLes systèmes systèmes dépressionnairesdépressionnaires tropicauxtropicaux : : nomenclaturenomenclature des des classificationsclassifications et et dénominations dénominations utiliséesutilisées suivant suivant les les différentesdifférentes régions régions OMM. OMM. WMO classifications of tropical disturbances and associated terminology being used in the different tropical cyclone basins. 34 kt 64 kt Genesis Intensification ActivitéActivité cycloniquecyclonique dansdans lele Sud-OuestSud-Ouest dede l’océanl’océan IndienIndien Time-evolution of the annual numbers of tropical storms (in yellow) and tropical cyclones (in red) in the South-West Indian Ocean basin (since 1967). ZonesZones dede cyclogénèsecyclogénèse Areas of tropical cyclone formation LesLes points points représentent représentent les les positions positions où où ont ont été été détectées détectées les les perturbations perturbations initialesinitiales de de tous tous les les cyclones cyclones observés observés sur sur une une période période de de 20 20 ans ans (GRAY, (GRAY, 1975) 1975).. Dots represent initial detection of pre-hurricane tropical disturbances. ReprésentationReprésentation schématique schématique des des ZCIT ZCIT d’alizé d’alizé et et de de mousson. mousson. ZCIT d’alizé ZCIT de mousson Trade Wind ITCZ Monsoon ITCZ Talweg de mousson ZCIT Flux de basses couches Low level flow ZCIT Talweg de mousson Flux d’altitude Upper level flow Dorsale subtropicale Subtropical ridge d’Ouest d’Ouest d’Est Talweg (Face polaire) de ZCIT Cisaillement vertical mousson d’Ouest Monsoon d’Ouest d’Est Talweg de Vertical shear trough (Face polaire) mousson Schematics of tradewind and Situation type de janvier dans le Situation type du mois d’août Situation type de janvier dans le Situation type du mois d’août bassin Australie/Océan Indien dans le Pacifique Nord-Ouest. monsoon-type ITCZ flow regimes. bassin Australie/Océan Indien dans le Pacifique Nord-Ouest. DistributionDistribution océanique océanique desdes positions positions saisonnièressaisonnières moyennesmoyennes de de la la ZCIT ZCIT dede type type mousson mousson Representative seasonal locations of the oceanic monsoon-type ITCZ. Near equatorial trough ITCZ # Monsoon trough MeanMean surface surface streamlinesstreamlines during during SH SH summersummer ( Source(Source : : Saddler,Saddler, 1975) 1975) Near equatorial trough ITCZ # Monsoon trough MeanMean surface surface streamlinesstreamlines during during SH SH summersummer ( Source(Source : : Saddler,Saddler, 1975) 1975) 1st Jan 2000 – 07 utc LesLes conditionsconditions climatologiquesclimatologiques nécessaires nécessaires à à la la cyclogenèse cyclogenèse Climatological conditions for tropical cyclone formation 1. Existence d’une perturbation préexistante dans les basses couches de l’atmosphère. Presence of a pre-existing disturbance in the lower atmosphere. 2. Force de Coriolis suffisante. Significant value of planetary vorticity. 3. Cisaillement vertical de vents horizontaux faibles. Weak vertical shear of the horizontal winds. 4. SST supérieures à 26°C sur une épaisseur suffisante. SST exceeding 26°C and a deep thermocline. 5. Conditions d’instabilité conditionnelle sur une large portion de la troposphère. Conditional instability through a deep atmospheric layer. 6. Humidité relative importante dans les couches inférieures et moyennes de la troposphère. Large values of relative humidity in the lower and middle troposphere. ZonesZones dede cyclogénèsecyclogénèse etet forceforce dede CoriolisCoriolis Tropical cyclone formation and planetary vorticity Areas of tropical cyclone formation LesLes points points représentent représentent les les positions positions où où ont ont été été détectées détectées les les perturbations perturbations initialesinitiales de de tous tous les les cyclones cyclones observés observés sur sur une une période période de de 20 20 ans ans (GRAY, (GRAY, 1975) 1975).. Dots represent initial detection of pre-hurricane tropical disturbances. ZonesZones dede cyclogénèsecyclogénèse etet forceforce dede CoriolisCoriolis Tropical cyclone formation and planetary vorticity Areas of tropical cyclone formation LesLes points points représentent représentent les les positions positions où où ont ont été été détectées détectées les les perturbations perturbations initialesinitiales de de tous tous les les cyclones cyclones observés observés sur sur une une période période de de 20 20 ans ans (GRAY, (GRAY, 1975) 1975).. Dots represent initial detection of pre-hurricane tropical disturbances. CyclogénèseCyclogénèse etet forceforce dede CoriolisCoriolis Tropical cyclone formation and planetary vorticity TRMM 85GHz 26/12/2001 0059 UTC GMS-5 Vis 26/12/2001 0031 UTC SDTSDT Vamei Vamei se se formant formant à à l’est l’est de de Singapour Singapour près près de de l’équateur. l’équateur. TC Vamei developing east of Singapore close to the Equator CyclogénèseCyclogénèse etet forceforce dede CoriolisCoriolis TRMM 85GHz 27/12/2001 0003 UTC GMS-5 Vis 27/12/2001 0031 UTC CTCT Vamei Vamei à à l’est l’est de de Singapour Singapour près près de de l’équateur. l’équateur. TC Vamei east of Singapore close to the Equator. CyclogenèseCyclogenèse d’Agni d’Agni près près de de l’Equateur. l’Equateur. Cyclogenesis of Agni near the Equator. CyclogénèseCyclogénèse etet forceforce dede CoriolisCoriolis QuikScat 27/11/2004 0107 utc Météosat 5 28/11/2004 04 utc AGNIAGNI : :tempête tempête tropicale tropicale par par 0.7°N. 0.7°N. Cyclogenèse Cyclogenèse à à partir partir d’un d’un minimum minimum dépressionnairedépressionnaire initial initial ayant ayant temporairement temporairement changé changé d’hémisphère d’hémisphère la la veille veille ! ! AGNI : tropical storm by 0.7°N. Cyclogenesis from a low pressure area having temporarily shifted hemisphere on the previous day! CyclogénèseCyclogénèse etet forceforce dede CoriolisCoriolis Météosat 5 28/11/2004 04 utc Aqua 89 GHz 30/11/2004 0915 utc AGNIAGNI : :tempête tempête tropicale tropicale par par 0.7°N 0.7°N et et cyclone cyclone tropical tropical par par 6°N 6°N deux deux jours jours plus plus tard. tard. AGNI : tropical storm by 0.7°N and tropical cyclone by 6°N two days later ZonesZones dede cyclogénèsecyclogénèse vs.vs. SSTSST Areas of tropical cyclone formation LesLes points points représentent représentent les les positions positions où où ont ont été été détectées détectées les les perturbations perturbations initialesinitiales de de tous tous les les cyclones cyclones observés observés sur sur une une période période de de 20 20 ans ans (GRAY, (GRAY, 1975) 1975).. Dots represent initial detection of pre-hurricane tropical disturbances. TempératuresTempératures moyennes moyennes de de surface surface de de la la mer mer sursur les les océans océans Indien Indien et et Pacifique, Pacifique, au au mois mois de de février février.. SST of the Indian and Pacific Oceans (average for February) Février TempératuresTempératures moyennes moyennes de de surface surface de de la la mer mer sursur les les océans océans Indien Indien et et Pacifique, Pacifique, au au mois mois d’août. d’août. SST of the Indian and Pacific Oceans (average for August) Août RépartitionRépartition moyenne moyenne desdes températures températures de de surfacesurface de de la la mer mer dansdans les les différents différents bassinsbassins cycloniques cycloniques pendantpendant le le mois mois le le plusplus chaud chaud de de l’année.l’année. Latitudinal variations of SST in the various formation regions during the warmest summer month. Répartition méridienne des positions initiales des perturbations s’étant ensuite intensifiées en tempêtes tropicales FréquenceFréquence annuelle annuelle par par 2.5° 2.5° de de latitude. latitude. Latitudes at which initial disturbances that later
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