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University of Nigeria Research Publications AFANGIDEH, Maria Emmanuel Author Author PG/M.ED/Ph.D/00/27802 Interference of Anaan With English Verb Tenses Among Different Categories of Secondary Title School Students. Education Faculty Arts Education Department July, 2005 Date Signature I OF AMMR WITH ENGLISH VERB G DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS AFANGIDEH, MARIA EMMANUEL PG/M.ED/"Ph.D/00127802 SUBDEPARTMENT OF ARTS EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA NSUMKA JULY, 2005 TERFERENCE OF ANMN WITH ENGLISH VERB TENSES AMONG DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS A Doctoral Research Project Presented to the Sub- Department of Arts Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D) in b Language Education AFANGIDEH, MARIA EMMAMUEL PGIll$rP.EDIPh.D100127802 SUB-DEPARTMENT OF ARTS EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA NSUKKA JULY, 2005 CERTIFICATION Maria Emmanuel Afangideh, a postgraduate student in the Sub- Department of Arts Education with Registration Number PG/M.ED/Ph.D/00/27802has satisfactorily fulfilled the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Language Education. The work embodied in this thesis is original and has not been submitted in part or in full for any other diploma or degree of this University or any other University. I - F rk- f / ' 1.- - .......................I... ... .%.... ... ................. .. .. .. .. .. -23-& Dr. T. 0. Mgbodile Maria Emmanuel Afangideh Supervisor PG/M. ED/Ph.D/00/27802 iii e APPROVAL PAGE THIS THESIS HAS BEEN APPROVED FOR THE SUB- DEPARTMENT OF ARTS EDUCATION, UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA. (Supervisor) b EXTERNA EXAMINER (Co-ordinator) Sub-Department of Arts Education ................................................ REV. FR. PROF. A. U. AKUBUE DEAN OF FACULTY 1v DEDlCATlON This work is specially dedicated to my beloved husband, Emmanuel and our children - Etisang, Edikan and Abasiono. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It is to the glory of God that this work has been successfully completed and on record time. God saw me through in the numerous trips I made throughout the period of my study. Above all, He granted me unmerited favour before everybody I came in contact with throughout the programme. To the Great Jehovah, I say thank you. I express an unreserved gratitude to my able and dynamic supervisor, Dr. T. 0. Mgbodile. He made the programme very easy for me. He granted me access to his home and office despite' his tight schedule, and painstakingly read through my work no matter the short notice. He was a father, a friend and a supervisor. The researcher lacks words to better express her gratitude to him. Equal appreciation to Prof. E. N. Egbe, my lecturer at the University of Jos. He laid the foundation for my interest in the present study. The researcher appreciates Miss Jeno - Mary Enighe also of the University of Jos, who dutifully assisted her with relevant materials for the success of this work. The researcher owes a lot of thanks to her lecturers at the University of Nigeria. Few names, however deserve special mention: Prof. Grace C. Offorma, Prof. E. J. Otagburuagu, Prof. I. C. Obizoba, Dr. F. A. Okwo, Dr. S.A. Ezeudu, Dr. Uju Umoh, Dr. Queen-Joy Nwoji, Dr. J. U. Akabougo and Dr. J. C. Omeje for their invaluable contributions, necessary criticisms, corrections and inputs which led to the success of this work. The researcher equally appreciates Prof. George Ibe-Bassey, Prof. ~IIPP~nhinsil~ nr C A Akn~nnr Alirn l lrlncnn hnr R hnrc CI ~nnw C1 for their irresistible enthusiasm and financial contributioins to this work. An unreserved thanks to Dr. Joseph Udondata for all the materials and data on Anaafi he willingly made available, and Dr. Mfon Umobong, Dr. Nsikak- Abasi Udofia and Mr. Effiong Assian for their assistance on the data analysis. The researcher appreciates principals and staff of Holy Family College, Oku Abak, Loreto Girls' Juniorate, Eriam, Southern Annang Comprehensive Secondary School, lkot Okoro and Community Technical College, Mbiakot for allowing her use their schools and students for, the fieldwork. The researcher acknowledges with thanks the financial support of her pastor and wife, Rev. & Mrs. Adelaja Are, other ministers, in the persons of - Rev. & Mrs. Joseph Adeyemi, Rev. & Mrs. Olufemi Joseph and Brothers Jonathan and Anselem. A very sincere gratitude to Lt. Col. 0. S. Afangide (Rtd.) and wife, Mr. & Mrs. Asuquo Afangide, Mr. & Mrs. Joshua Afangide, Mr. & Mrs. Bassey Afangide, Mr. & Mrs. David Mendie and Mr. & Mrs Uwem Ekarika for their financial support towards the success of this work. The researcher appreciates her beloved husband, Mr. Emmanuel Afangide for his financial contributions, and the numerous materials on the origin of the Anaang people which he made available to authenticate the information on this study. The researcher appreciates her children who accepted her absence and unending engagements. This led to the timely com~letionof this studv. vii Deserving of mention also is the memory of my beloved father, Late Sir M. E. Ebi (KSJ), who laid the foundation for my higher education. The researcher appreciates her relations: Mrs. J. E. Ebi, Mr. & Mrs. A. M. Ebi, Bar. & Mrs. L. M. Ebi, Mr. & Mrs. lsidore Udonna, Magdalene, Ndifreke and Uduak for their indefatigable motivational support that led to the success of this work. Finally, the researcher appreciates the Director of Emax Computers, who dutifully undertook the processing of this work. Maria Emmanuel Afangideh University of Nigeria Nsukka. TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Title Page ... ... ... ... i Certification ... ... ... ... ii Approval Page ... ... ... iii Dedication ... ... ... ... iv Acknowledgements ... ... ... v-vii Table of Contents ... ... ... viii List of Tables ... ... ... xi-xii c List of Appendices ... ... ... xiii Abstract ... ... ... ... xiv-xv CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION background to the Study Statement of the Problem Purpose of the Study Significance of the Study Scope of the Study ... Research Questions Hypotheses ... ... CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF LITERATURE Historical Background of the Anaati People ... Characteristics of Anaati Language .. Theoretical Framework ... ... ... ... 1X PAGE Interference in Languages in Contact ... ... ... ... 38 Approaches to Contrastive Analysis ... ... ... ... 41 Verbals in Languages ... ... ... ... ... ... 52 Importance of English in Nigeria ... ... ... ... ... 53 Objectives of the Language Curriculum ... ... ... ... The Role of Contrastive Studies in Curriculum Development ... Review of Related Empirical Studies ... ... ... ... Empirical Studies on Anaati and English Phonological Systems ... Empirical Studies on Phonotactics in Anaati and English ...... Empirical Studies on Intonation of Anaafi and English ... ... Empirical Studies on Anaaii and English Structural Patterns ... Summary of Review of Related Literature ... ... ... CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHCDOLOGY Design of the Study ... ... ... ... Area of Study ... ... ... ... ... Population of the Study ... ... ... ... Sample and Sampling Technique ... ... ... Instrument for Data Collection ... ... ... Validation of the Instrument ... ... ... Reliability of the Instrument ... ... ... Method of Data Collection ... ... ... Method of Data Analysis ... ... ... men cnrla . aeel sf re S Page Research Question 2 ... ... ... ... ... 130 Research Question 3 ... ... ... ... ... 131 Research Question 4 ... ... ... ... ... 132 Hypotheses ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 133 Summary of Major Findings ... ... ... ... 137 CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION OF RESULTS ... 140 Discussion of Results ... ... 140 Conclusion ... ... ... ... 149 Implications of the Study ... ... 150 Recommendations ... ... ... 154 Limitations of the Study ... ... 157 Suggestions for Further Research 158 Summary of the Study ... ... 158 References ... ... ... ... 163 Appendices ... ... ... ... xi LIST OF TABLES PAGE Table 1: Distribution of sample by gender, location and class level ... ... ... ... ... ... 97 Table 2: Class 1 - Classification of irregular verbs Transformation ... ... ... ... ... 105 Table 3: Class 2 - Classification of similarities of only the simple past and past participles of irregular verbs ... 106 Table 4: Class 3 - Classification of identical past and past participle along with a change of base vowel of irregular verbs ... ... ... ... ... + 106 Table 5: Class 4 - Classification of differing past and past participle of irregular verbs.. ... ... ... Tabie 6: Class 5 - Classification of identical base, past and past participle of irregular verbs ... ... ... Table 7: Class 6 - Classification of identical past and past participle of irregular verbs.. ... ... ... Table 8: Class 7 - Classification of differing base, past and past participle along with vowel change of irregular verbs ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Table 9a: Simple present in Anaati and English ... ... Table 9b: The present progressive in Anaaii and English ... Table 9c: The future tense in Anaati and English ... ... Table 10: The simple present, present progressive and present perfect in Anaaii and English ... ... Table 11 : The simple present (declarative) in Anaati and English ... ... ... ... ... ... Table 12: The simple present (interrogative) in Anaaii and English ... ... ... ... ... ... Table 13: The simple present (negative) in Anaati and English ... ... ... ... Tn hle IA. The simnle nast (riednrativ~~in PAGE Table 15: The simple past (interrogative) in Anaafi and English ... ... ... ... ... 119 Table 16: The simple past (negative) in Anaaii and English