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HERITAGE SUPPORTING STATEMENT In respect of R/O 28 AMWELL STREET ISLINGTON On behalf of TURNHOLD (ISLINGTON) LIMITED CgMs Ref: JO/DM/11841 Date: August 2010 Heritage Supporting Statement R/O 28 Amwell Street, Islington Turnhold (Islington) Limited CONTENTS PAGE NO. 1.0 INTRODUCTION 4 2.0 SITE DESCRIPTION 6 3.0 HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT 7 4.0 LEGISLATION AND GUIDANCE 16 5.0 THE PROPOSALS AND IMPACTS 18 6.0 CONCLUSION 21 SOURCES CONSULTED 23 Appendices Appendix 1: List descriptions and New River Conservation Area Map Figures Figure 1: Site Location Figure 2: Morgan, 1682 Figure 3: John Rocque, 1746 Figure 4: John Rocque, 1747 Figure 5: An actual survey of the New River Head near Islington, 1763 Figure 6: Richard Horward, 1799-1819 Figure 7: Greenwood, 1827 Figure 8: Ordnance Survey, 1874 Figure 9: Ordnance Survey, 1896 Figure 10: Ordnance Survey, 1938 Figure 11: Ordnance Survey, 1953 Figure 12: Ordnance Survey, 1971 Figure 13: Ordnance Survey, 1976 Plates List Plate 1: South elevation of Engine House and attached Boiler House Plate 2: South elevation of Boiler House Plate 3: South elevation of South Stores Plate 4: Remains of former Windmill CgMs Ltd © 2 JO/DM/11841 Draft Heritage Supporting Statement R/O 28 Amwell Street, Islington Turnhold (Islington) Limited Plate 5: Detail of granite setts with inlaid rails Plate 6: View into the site from the east Plate 7: North elevation of the Boiler House Plate 8: West elevation of the North Stores Plate 9: South elevation of the North Stores Plate 10: West elevation of the Engine House and attached Boiler House CgMs Ltd © 3 JO/DM/11841 Draft Heritage Supporting Statement R/O 28 Amwell Street, Islington Turnhold (Islington) Limited 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 This report has been prepared by Jody M O’Reilly and Edward Kitchen of CgMs Ltd, to support applications for planning permission and listed building consent relating to a series of former industrial buildings at the rear of 28 Amwell Street, Islington (see Fig. 1). 1.2 The report was commissioned by Turnhold (Islington) Limited which has developed proposals to convert and extend the buildings on the site to create a new mixed-use residential and commercial development, comprising nine residential units of varying sizes and 120 square meters of office space. 1.3 This report is intended to assist all those involved in the determination of the applications to make an informed assessment of the proposals, based on a clear understanding of the listed buildings on the site within the context of the New River Conservation Area (see Appendix 1). 1.4 Listed buildings and conservation areas are now defined as 'designated heritage assets' under Planning Policy Statement 5: Planning for the Historic Environment (2010), and consent applications relating to such assets are required by virtue of Policy HE6 to include information which identifies and explains any potential impact upon the significance of the assets. This report meets the requirements of Policy HE6 by providing an account of the history and development of the site, including an assessment of the former Engine House and the attached ancillary buildings. 1.5 The principal listed building within the site is the Grade II listed Engine House, with its attached one- and two-storey extensions to the north east (referred to as the South Stores). The other building within the site boundary is the North Store, which is considered to be curtilage structure by virtue of its geographical, historical and functional associations with the listed building. 1.6 All of the buildings on the site fall within the New River Conservation Area. The Engine House has been identified as a local landmark building within the conservation area. CgMs Ltd © 4 JO/DM/11841 Draft Heritage Supporting Statement R/O 28 Amwell Street, Islington Turnhold (Islington) Limited 1.7 This report should be read in conjunction with the application drawings and other supporting documents, including the Planning Statement prepared by CgMs Ltd and the Design & Access Statement prepared by Tasou Associates. CgMs Ltd © 5 JO/DM/11841 Draft Heritage Supporting Statement R/O 28 Amwell Street, Islington Turnhold (Islington) Limited 2.0 SITE DESCRIPTION 2.1 The application site extends to an area of approximately 0.17ha and is situated to the north east of Amwell Street, to the south west of Myddleton Passage and to the south of the recently approved development at 7a River Street. There is also a courtyard of garages to the north. 2.2 The site presently comprises two ranges of partially redundant buildings which form part of the wider New River Head site. The ranges include the Engine House (Plate 1) with attached two-storey Boiler House (Plate 2) and single-storey South Stores (Plate 3). The North Stores building runs along the site boundary to the north (Plates 8 and 9). 2.3 Within the applicant's ownership but not forming part of the current applications are the remains of the former windmill (Plate 4), and an open yard which remains in operational use by Thames Water. The windmill is included on the statutory list of buildings of special architectural and historic interest at Grade II (see list description at Appendix 1). CgMs Ltd © 6 JO/DM/11841 Draft Heritage Supporting Statement R/O 28 Amwell Street, Islington Turnhold (Islington) Limited 3.0 HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT Introduction 3.1 The engine house at New River Head formed part of a complex of buildings built for the New River Company from the mid seventeenth century to supply water to an expanding London. The establishment of the New River Head 3.2 New River Head is named from the reservoir at the mouth of the New River, which was cut from 1604-13. The site was initially developed to provide water to an expanding London, with the erection of a water house (c. 1612-3), enlarged by the end of the century, being converted to the residence of the New River Company’s engineer during the eighteenth century. 3.3 Further seventeenth-century development extended around the New River Head, but in the 1690s the company faced financial difficulties and increasing competition, a situation not helped by the acquisition of new pumping equipment by the London Bridge Waterworks. 3.4 In 1704 the merits of wind, horse or water power were examined by the Reverend John Lowthorp, a fellow of The Royal Society, who advised a waterwheel rather than a windmill, but in 1707 the water-supply engineer George Scorogold was approached by the Company, who devised an experimental and ultimately expensive scheme. The windmill 3.5 Scorogold’s scheme was for a windmill and Upper Pond, constructed in 1708 to provide a higher head of water which enabled the New River Company to improve supply to the expanding West End and also potentially to Islington. The windmill was erected in 1707-8 to the north east of the Outer Pond and was designed to pump water from the Round Pond uphill to the Upper Pond. 3.6 It was effectively an engineering experiment, being a tapering round brick tower, a rare form at the time, and was originally powered by six sails (four was the usual number), powering four pumps. An integral horse gin provided power when CgMs Ltd © 7 JO/DM/11841 Draft Heritage Supporting Statement R/O 28 Amwell Street, Islington Turnhold (Islington) Limited wind was scarce. However, this proved inefficient, especially as its base, at just under 23ft in diameter was insufficient to support the horse gin. It was therefore supplemented by and then superseded by a horse mill, a low square structure (c.1720) adjoining the windmill to the south east; the windmill was abandoned in the same year when the sails were removed following storm damage. C. 1770 the windmill’s tower was reduced to around two storeys and was castellated, being further reduced to a relative stump in the mid-nineteenth century to function as a work yard store. The need for a new scheme and engine house 3.7 The increased demand for water as London grew led to problems of pumping water to the Upper Pond, and in 1766 the renowned civil engineer John Smeaton was asked by the New River Company to make proposals for improving the pumping system. He inspected the site in the same year to establish possible methods of improving the way water was pumped to the Upper Pond, comparing the current horse powered engine (powered by four horses) with three alternative power sources, water, wind and steam. If the amount of water pumped could be increased then a water engine would be the most economical, but if the amount of water was not to be increased then a fire engine was to be the solution. On this basis the decision was made to install a fire engine designed by Smeaton. 3.8 A fire engine was an atmospheric engine, a precursor to the steam engine. His design was based upon Thomas Newcomen’s engine of 1705, and included experimental elements, notably an unusually long stroke. It was designed to more than double the pumping power of the horse works and to be cheaper. The new engine was erected by April 1768 to the north east of the former windmill under the supervision of Robert Mylne, who had become joint engineer in 1767 with the existing engineer, Henry Mill. The Engine House 3.9 The new engine required housing, and a heavily buttressed structure, to reduce vibration, was constructed between 1766-68 to the east of the existing windmill. The cylinder was housed in the larger southern chamber and the pump in the northern chamber, with two round boilers being installed in a lean-to on the south side of the tower.