DOCSLIB.ORG

Sanitary Reform of London: the Working Collection of Sir Joseph Bazalgette, Ca

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sanitary Reform of London: the Working Collection of Sir Joseph Bazalgette, Ca http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/ft3x0nb131 No online items Guide to the Sanitary Reform of London: The Working Collection of Sir Joseph Bazalgette, ca. 1785-1969 Processed by Special Collections staff. Department of Special Collections Green Library Stanford University Libraries Stanford, CA 94305-6004 Phone: (650) 725-1022 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/spc/ © 2002 The Board of Trustees of Stanford University. All rights reserved. DA676 .S26 1785 1 Guide to the Sanitary Reform of London: The Working Collection of Sir Joseph Bazalgette, ca. 1785-1969 Collection number: DA676 .S26 1785 Department of Special Collections and University Archives Rare Book Division Stanford University Libraries Stanford, California Contact Information Department of Special Collections Green Library Stanford University Libraries Stanford, CA 94305-6004 Phone: (650) 725-1022 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/spc/ Processed by: Special Collections staff Encoded by: Steven Mandeville-Gamble © 2002 The Board of Trustees of Stanford University. All rights reserved. Descriptive Summary Title: Sanitary Reform of London: the working collection of Sir Joseph Bazalgette, Date (inclusive): ca. 1785-1969 Collection number: DA676 .S26 1785 Creator: Bazalgette, Joseph Extent: 455 items Repository: Stanford University. Libraries. Dept. of Special Collections and University Archives. Abstract: The collection documents the history of the sanitary evolution of London from the 1840s to the early twentieth century. Some 4500 separate printed, typescript, and manuscript items trace the stages by which the drainage and fresh water supply for London was introduced-- in its time perhaps the greatest feat of urban civil engineering that had ever been undertaken. Materials include maps, engineering designs, the working papers, both public and private, of the Metropolitan Water Board, legal briefs and numerous pamphlets describing sanitation projects outside London. The heart of the collection is the working library of Sir Joseph Bazalgette (1819-1891), the chief engineer who designed and implemented London's drainage and embankment systems. Balzagette's library formed part of the collection at the original Board of Works, which later became the Metropolitan Water Board. The collection documents the early period of urban improvement which laid the basis for healthy life in the modern city. Language: English. Access There are no restrictions on access. Publication Rights Property rights reside with the repository. Literary rights reside with the creators of the documents or their heirs. To obtain permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the Public Services Librarian of the Dept. of Special Collections. Preferred Citation Sanitary Reform of London: The Working Collection of Sir Joseph Bazalgette. DA676 .S26 1785. Dept. of Special Collections, Stanford University Libraries, Stanford, Calif. Acquisition Information Purchased, 1997. DA676 .S26 1785 2 Provenance formerly in the library of the Metropolitan Water Board (London, England). AUSTIN, Henry Water engineer. Henry Austin, Consulting Engineer for the Metropolitan Commission of Sewers, wrote a paper for Chadwick's 1842 Enquiry into Large Towns and in 1844 became secretary of The Health of Towns Association. Described by Finer as Chadwick's 'favourite engineer'. According to Finer, Austin's plan for the sewers was 'beautifully imaginative'. The problem, that of Westminster, posed this question: how could one discharge sewage in a district lying below water-level? Austin's solution involved a series of pumps and small bore pipes, carrying the liquid manure to farms on all sides. BAZALGETTE, Sir Joseph W. Chief Engineer to the Board of Works. In 1851 a fourth Commission of Sewers was appointed. Bazalgette was to be chief engineer. His appointment confirmed the ascendency of engineers over Chadwick and the sanitarians. At the same time Cubitt and Stephenson were appointed consultants. Through 1854 Bazalgette and the engineers fought a battle with Chadwick and the Board of Health over the use of pipes. Bazalgette bore a personal grudge against Chadwick. He had applied for the post of Assistant Surveyor to the Metropolitan Commission in 1849, submitting as his theses a paper on "the Establishment of Public Conveniences", a matter then commanding much Metropolitan attention, but was beaten by John Grant who wrote on the "Working of Tubes in open ditches" (April 1849). The hostility between sanitarians and engineers was a sad fact. Those who should have worked together seemed to be expending their energy in opposing each other. Bazalgette circulated reports hostile to the Board of Health and these were of great use to those who opposed sanitary reform altogether. See S. E. Finer The life and Times of Sir Edwin Chadwick pp 448-452. By 1858 the Board of Health was completely extinguished and the Board of Works was set up in its place with Bazalgette appointed chief engineer. In the hands of this new body Bazalgette's intercepting sewer system was adopted and Chadwick's influence eclipsed. FORSTER, Frank. Engineer to the Commission of Sewers. In 1849 the Metropolitan Commission of Sewers and the General Board of Health were formally separated. A third Commission of Sewers was formed. Robert Stephenson was brought in and with him a clique of associates from the Birmingham Railway project. Their ideas of town drainage were nebulous, but they had experience of driving tunnels, and put great faith in the strength of the brick arch. Almost their first act was to appoint as Engineer to the Commission Frank Foster, an assistant to Stephenson. Forster was a firm believer in tunnel-sewers. This new Commission was deliberately constructed to exclude Chadwick's influence and to him it was a declaration of war for the sanitary destiny of London. In the event the principle of the intercepting tunnel was favoured, and Forster was bidden to prepare a workable scheme. In August 1850 his plan for the Southern out fall was accepted and in January 1851 the plan for the North bank. Thus the tunnel scheme had triumphed. See S. E. Finer, The life and Times of Sir Edwin Chadwick pp 380, 441. HAWKSLEY, Thomas. Water engineer. Hawksley was one of the witnesses called by Chadwick to give evidence to the Health of Towns Commission which reported in 1844 and which was the basis for all the subsequent legislation of the 'forties and 'fifties. He was the only water engineer called. In 1830 Hawksley had undertaken a new waterworks at Nottingham and it was his success here which first brought him to Chadwick's attention. At the start Chadwick placed great reliance on Hawksley's evidence and opinion. Hawksley had proved the efficiency and economy of "constant supply" on the proof of which the whole structure of Chadwick's sanitary plan depended. In 1844 when Chadwick made his only illfated attempt into private business with the creation of the "Towns improvement company" it was Hawksley he choose to one of the companies engineers. By 1847 however Chadwick had managed to provoke the undying hostility of Hawksley and the water engineers - a matter which was to have a sinister outcome for Chadwick's career. In that year Chadwick took Roe's side against Hawksley in a technical debate and from then on began consistently to discredit Hawksley's work. Hawksley now became Chadwick's most pertinacious enemy. In 1851 he set out to show that water-supply and drainage should not be united under one body: "In the one case it is a supply of ...goods...in the other simply removal of a nuisance!" In saying this Hawksley struck at Chadwick's core belief in one unified arterial water and sewage system. By 1850 the pattern had become one of entrenched opposition between Chadwick and the engineers. On the one hand Chadwick champion a system of pipes where the engineers favoured brick-built sewers. The engineers resented the continuous intrusion of a nonprofessional in the details of their own profession. Also they thought of their profits. Chadwick on the other hand was motivated by a desire for efficiency and economy which he thought would result from his single unified system. The antagonism between Chadwick and Hawksley did not abate. In 1876 the committee of the Social Science Association invited, of all people, Hawksley to take the presidency, and to an audience from which Chadwick was notably absent he delivered a paper attacking parliamentary interference and centralization in the history of sanitary improvement. Too much can be said of the unfortunate conflict between Chadwick and Hawksley. Hawksley was described by Chadwick's champion DA676 .S26 1785 3 F. E. Finer as "England's greatest water engineer." His invention of the "constant system" conferred one of the greatest practical benefits technology was to bestow on Victorian populations. His part in the creation of the water and sewage system of London was of the greatest importance. To mark his eminence he was elected president of the Institute of Civil Engineers in 1901. HEYWOOD, William Surveyor to the Commissioners for Sewers. In 1846 William Haywood at the age of twenty-four, a man of considerable abilities, was appointed full time surveyor to the Commissioners of Sewers. He immediately drew up competent surveys, began to clean out cess pools by machine, and in 1848 embarked on a plan for flushing the sewers. Heywood was in fact responsible for introducing a good sewer system and sanitation to the City of London and he worked in close co-operation with Sir John Simon. The City, it seems, regarded Haywood's as the more important contribution; in 1853 Simon's salary was £800 a year whilst Heywood's salary was increased to £1,200 - a token of the City's growing regard for his sanitary work. LETHEBY, Henry. Medical Officer of Health for London. Henry Letheby, of the London Hospital, regularly advised the Corporation on Gas and other questions.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Edwin Chadwick and the Poverty of Statistics
    Medical History, 2002, 46: 21-40 Edwin Chadwick and the Poverty of Statistics JAMES HANLEY* In his 1842 Report on the sanitary condition of the labouring population of Great Britain, Edwin Chadwick demonstrated the existence of a mass of preventable illness and premature death in the community caused, he argued, by insanitary physical circumstances.' Although much of the evidence for the existence of this preventable mortality was anecdotal, Chadwick included a chapter of differential class-based death data which dramatically illustrated the extent to which insanitary physical circumstances shortened life. Chadwick's chosen statistical measure-the average age at which a given class of people died showed that what he called the "average period of life" or "chance of life" was as low as 17 for labourers in Manchester but as high as 52 for gentry in Rutlandshire.2 Although his statistics were widely quoted at the time,3 professional statisticians dismissed the data and historians ever since have paid little serious attention to it.4 In this paper I will argue that Chadwick's class-based average-age-at-death data were a central feature of the Sanitary report and that we cannot fully appreciate the argument or even the organization of the report without them. * James Hanley, PhD, Department of History, p. 223. Chadwick calculated his measure, which University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Avenue, does not correspond to the modem notion of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3B 2E9. "life expectancy", by adding up the ages of all who died and dividing the total by the number The support of the Social Sciences and who died.
    [Show full text]
  • Scandal, Child Punishment and Policy Making in the Early Years of the New Poor Law Workhouse System
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by University of Lincoln Institutional Repository ‘Great inhumanity’: Scandal, child punishment and policy making in the early years of the New Poor Law workhouse system SAMANTHA A. SHAVE UNIVERSITY OF LINCOLN ABSTRACT New Poor Law scandals have usually been examined either to demonstrate the cruelty of the workhouse regime or to illustrate the failings or brutality of union staff. Recent research has used these and similar moments of crisis to explore the relationship between local and central levels of welfare administration (the Boards of Guardians in unions across England and Wales and the Poor Law Commission in Somerset House in London) and how scandals in particular were pivotal in the development of further policies. This article examines both the inter-local and local-centre tensions and policy conseQuences of the Droxford Union and Fareham Union scandal (1836-37) which exposed the severity of workhouse punishments towards three young children. The paper illustrates the complexities of union co-operation and, as a result of the escalation of public knowledge into the cruelties and investigations thereafter, how the vested interests of individuals within a system manifested themselves in particular (in)actions and viewpoints. While the Commission was a reactive and flexible welfare authority, producing new policies and procedures in the aftermath of crises, the policies developed after this particular scandal made union staff, rather than the welfare system as a whole, individually responsible for the maltreatment and neglect of the poor. 1. Introduction Within the New Poor Law Union workhouse, inmates depended on the poor law for their complete subsistence: a roof, a bed, food, work and, for the young, an education.
    [Show full text]
  • Uncovering the Underground's Role in the Formation of Modern London, 1855-1945
    University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--History History 2016 Minding the Gap: Uncovering the Underground's Role in the Formation of Modern London, 1855-1945 Danielle K. Dodson University of Kentucky, [email protected] Digital Object Identifier: http://dx.doi.org/10.13023/ETD.2016.339 Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Dodson, Danielle K., "Minding the Gap: Uncovering the Underground's Role in the Formation of Modern London, 1855-1945" (2016). Theses and Dissertations--History. 40. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/history_etds/40 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the History at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--History by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained needed written permission statement(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine) which will be submitted to UKnowledge as Additional File. I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the irrevocable, non-exclusive, and royalty-free license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known.
    [Show full text]
  • Belper Parks Local Nature Reserve & Manor Recreation Ground Management Plan
    Belper Parks Local Nature Reserve & Manor Recreation Ground Management Plan Amber Valley Borough Council 1 Belper Parks LNR & Manor Recreation Ground Amber Valley Borough Council Management Plan 2018 – 2023 Document History Date Written Description Author (s) November 2006 Management Plan 2007 - 2012 AVBC – Wildlife Trust – Groundwork Trust November 2011 Management Plan 2012 - 2017 AVBC – Wildlife Trust – Groundwork Trust January 2018 Management Plan 2018 – 2023 AVBC – Wildlife Trust – Groundwork Trust Contact: Richard Hodgkinson Open Spaces Officer Amber Valley Borough Council Landscapes, Growth & Community Safety Town Hall Ripley Derbyshire DE5 3BT Direct Line Tel: 01773 841320 Main Switch Board: 01773 570222 Website: www.ambervalley.gov.uk Email: [email protected] 2 Contents Page Executive Summary Chapter 1. Introduction, background & context 1.0 Introduction & background 6 2.0 Vision 6 3.0 Aims 6 4.0 Site name 7 5.0 Location & size 7 6.0 Site description 8 7.0 Land tenure 13 8.0 Legal factors 13 9.0 Local demographics 14 10.0 History 15 Chapter 2. Where are we now? 11.0 Introduction 19 12.0 The Green Flag Award 19 13.0 A welcoming place 19 14.0 Healthy, safe and secure 22 15.0 Well maintained and clean 25 16.0 Environmental Management 26 17.0 Biodiversity, Landscape and Heritage 28 18.0 Community involvement 38 19.0 Marketing and Communication 41 20.0 Management 42 Chapter 3. Where do we want to go? 21.0 Introduction 44 22.0 Aims and objectives - Action Plan 44 23.0 Conservation Maintenance 48 Additional information
    [Show full text]
  • Clerke Enwell Paroch Hial Sc Hool
    Heritage Statement and Design & Access Statement Clerkenwell Parochial School Amwell Street, Islington, ec1 Application for Planning Permission and Listed Building Consent David Gibson Architects February 2014 26 February 2014 Ref.: 0997/140226.it David Gibson Architects 35 Britannia Row London N1 8QH (fax 020 7704 6946) 020 7226 2207 Page 1 Location and Context Clerkenwell Parochial Church of England Primary School is located in the southern part of the London Borough of Islington within the New River Conservation Area. The school building and the attached former Caretaker’s House are Listed Grade II (see attached ‘list’ description – appendix A). Clerkenwell Parochial is one of the oldest extant school houses in London. If the school is to continue to run effectively and successfully, it must update itself and its surroundings, but without detracting from its charm, identity or historic character. History Clerkenwell Parochial School moved to its present site in 1828 for the education of the children in the New River Company and Lloyd Baker estates, then still under construction. The new school building, in a Tudor style and St. Mark's church, in a plain Gothic style, both by William Chadwell Mylne, the New River Company's architect, were precursors of the more vigorously eclectic revivalist styles, which were to become fashionable by the middle of the century. The Listing The school was ’Listed' in September 1972, as a ‘building of special architectural or historical interest' under Section 54 of Chapter 78 the Town and Country Planning Act 1971. The listing is at Grade II. There are now nearly 4000 Listed Buildings in Islington, of which all but a handful are Grade II, but many regard this as one of the most important because of its early date, because of its significance in the development of the historic Clerkenwell estates and because it is an unusually well-preserved pre-School Board school, retaining intact most of its original features and early adaptations - one of the few surviving in London.
    [Show full text]
  • The Law of the National Rivers Authority the Law of the National Rivers Authority
    NATIONAL RIVERS AUTHORITY NRA by Centre for Law in Rural A reas U.C.W. Aberystwyth Notional Rivers Aumortty Information Centre [Head Office Class No m Accossion No National Information Centre The Environment Agency Rio House Waterside Drive Aztec West BRISTOL BS12 4UD Due for return THE LAW OF THE NATIONAL RIVERS AUTHORITY THE LAW OF THE NATIONAL RIVERS AUTHORITY by WILLIAM HOWARTH B.A., LL.M. Director of the Centre for Law in Rural Areas and Lecturer in Law, University College of Wales, Aberystwyth The National Rivers Authority and the Centre for Law in Rural Areas, University College of Wales, Aberystwyth 1990 © W illiam Howarth 1990 ISBN 1 872662 00 5 Published by The National Rivers Authority and the Centre for Law in Rural Areas, University College of Wales, Aberystwyth Copies of this work may be obtained from: The Director, Centre for Law in Rural Areas, University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, Dyfed, SY23 3DZ. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of the copyright holder. Printed by Cambrian Printers, Aberystwyth. FOREWORD The Water Act 1989 brings about a dramatic restructuring of the water industry in England and Wales through an overall separation of the responsibilities for utility and regulatory functions in relation to water. This division of the industry will allow a greater degree of specialism to be developed, and ultimately will prove more effective both in satisfying the needs of water consumers and also in safeguarding in general aquatic environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Whose River? London and the Thames Estuary, 1960-2014* Vanessa Taylor Univ
    This is a post-print version of an article which will appear The London Journal, 40(3) (2015), Special Issue: 'London's River? The Thames as a Contested Environmental Space'. Accepted 15 July 2015. Whose River? London and the Thames Estuary, 1960-2014* Vanessa Taylor Univ. of Greenwich, [email protected] I Introduction For the novelist A.P. Herbert in 1967 the problem with the Thames was simple. 'London River has so many mothers it doesn’t know what to do. ... What is needed is one wise, far- seeing grandmother.’1 Herbert had been campaigning for a barrage across the river to keep the tide out of the city, with little success. There were other, powerful claims on the river and numerous responsible agencies. And the Thames was not just ‘London River’: it runs for over 300 miles from Gloucestershire to the North Sea. The capital’s interdependent relationship with the Thames estuary highlights an important problem of governance. Rivers are complex, multi-functional entities that cut across land-based boundaries and create interdependencies between distant places. How do you govern a city that is connected by its river to other communities up and downstream? Who should decide what the river is for and how it should be managed? The River Thames provides a case study for exploring the challenges of governing a river in a context of changing political cultures. Many different stories could be told about the river, as a water source, drain, port, inland waterway, recreational amenity, riverside space, fishery, wildlife habitat or eco-system.
    [Show full text]
  • EC1 Local History Trail EC1 Local Library & Cultural Services 15786 Cover/Pages 1-4 12/8/03 12:18 Pm Page 2
    15786 cover/pages 1-4 12/8/03 12:18 pm Page 1 Local History Centre Finsbury Library 245 St. John Street London EC1V 4NB Appointments & enquiries (020) 7527 7988 [email protected] www.islington.gov.uk Closest Tube: Angel EC1 Local History Trail Library & Cultural Services 15786 cover/pages 1-4 12/8/03 12:18 pm Page 2 On leaving Finsbury Library, turn right down St. John Street. This is an ancient highway, originally Walk up Turnmill Street, noting the open railway line on the left: imagine what an enormous leading from Smithfield to Barnet and the North. It was used by drovers to send their animals to the excavation this must have been! (Our print will give you some idea) Cross over Clerkenwell Rd into market. Cross Skinner Street. (William Godwin, the early 18th century radical philosopher and partner Farringdon Lane. Ahead, you’ll see ‘Well Court’. Look through the windows and there is the Clerk’s of Mary Wollestonecraft, lived in the street) Well and some information boards. Double back and turn into Clerkenwell Green. On your r. is the Sessions House (1779). The front is decorated with friezes by Nollekens, showing Justice & Mercy. Bear right off St John Street into Sekforde Street. Suddenly you enter a quieter atmosphere...On the It’s now a Masonic Hall. In the 17th century, the Green was affluent, but by the 19th, as Clerkenwell was right hand side (rhs) is the Finsbury Savings Bank, established at another site in 1816. Walk on past heavily industrialised and very densely populated with poor workers, it became a centre of social & the Sekforde Arms (or go in if you fancy!) and turn left into Woodbridge Street.
    [Show full text]
  • Thames Conservancy Act, 1950
    Thames Conservancy Act, 1950 14 GEO. 6 Cli. 1 ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS PART I PRELIMINARY Section 1. Short and collective titles. 2. Division of Act into Parts. 3. Amending definition of Thames in Act of 1932. 4. Interpretation. 5. Repeal of enactments. PART II CONSTITUTION AND PROCEEDINGS OF CONSERVATORS 6. Constitution of Conservators. 7. Increase in number of Conservators. 8. Term of office of Conservators. 9. Conservator interested in a contract. 10. As to contracts. PART III FURTHER POWERS IN RELATION TO CONSERVANCY NAVIGATION ETC. 11. Amendment of sections 69 70 and 71 of Act of 1932. 12. Power to enter and inspect vessels. 13. Name of launch to be conspicuously displayed. 14. Amendment of section 92 of Act of 1932. 15. Owner of pleasure boat to afford information as to person in charge. 16. Removal of sunk stranded or abandoned vessels. PART IV LANDS 17. Purchase of lands. PART V PREVENTION OF POLLUTION 18. Special interpretation relating to pollution. 19. Map of Thames catchment area. A Ch. I Thames Conservancy 14 GEO. 6 Act, 1950 Section 20. Amendment of section 124 of Act of 21. Sanitary authorities owners and occupiers to afford information. 22. Provision in case of neglect of sanitary authority to perform certain duties. 23. Inspection of sanitary arrangements of vessels. 24. Removal of dead animals. PART VI CHARGES ON VESSELS MERCHANDISE ETC. (a) Tolls on merchandise traffic 25. Tolls on merchandise traffic. (b) Tolls for piers 26. Tolls leviable at piers and landing places. (c) Lock tolls and charges on pleasure boats 27. Lock tolls on pleasure boats.
    [Show full text]
  • Opzet Draaiboek STAR-FLOOD
    Strengthening and Redesigning European Flood Risk Practices Towards Appropriate and Resilient Flood Risk Governance Arrangements Analysing and evaluating flood risk governance in England – Enhancing societal resilience through comprehensive and aligned flood risk governance arrangements Alexander, M., Priest, S., Micou, A.P., Tapsell, S., Green, C., Parker, D., and Homewood, S. Date: 31 March 2016 Report Number: D3.3 Milestone number: MS3 Due date for deliverable: 30 September 2015 Actual submission date: 28 September 2015 STAR-FLOOD receives funding from the EU 7th Framework programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement 308364 Document Dissemination Level PU Public Co-ordinator: Utrecht University Project Contract No: 308364 Project website: www.starflood.eu ISBN: i Cover photo left: Thames Barrier (Dries Hegger, 2013) Cover photo right: City of London (Dries Hegger, 2013) Document information Work Package 3 Consortium Body Flood Hazard Research Centre, Middlesex University Year 2016 Document type Deliverable 3.3 Date 11th September 2015 (With amendments made in February 2016) Author(s) Alexander, M., Priest, S., Micou, A., Tapsell, S., Green, C., Parker, D., and Homewood, S. Acknowledgement The work described in this publication was supported by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme through the grant to the budget of the Integrated Project STAR-FLOOD, Contract 308364. We would like to acknowledge and offer our gratitude to the flood risk professionals and academic experts who participated in this research. We also appreciate the valuable critique provided by Prof. Edmund Penning-Rowsell. Disclaimer This document reflects only the authors’ views and not those of the European Union. This work may rely on data from sources external to the STAR-FLOOD project Consortium.
    [Show full text]
  • The New River Improvement Project 7Th September 2017 Claudia Innes
    The New River Improvement Project 7th September 2017 Claudia Innes Community Projects Executive Corporate Responsibility Team ∗ Team of 18 - Education, community investment, volunteering and nature reserves ∗ Manage a £6.5 million community investment fund between 2014 and 2019 ∗ Aim to engage customers and communities through: ∗ environmental enhancement ∗ improving access and recreation ∗ educational outreach Governance • All funding applicants apply by form. • All spend is approved in advance by our Charities Committee • A Memorandum Of Understanding is generated to release the funds to the partner. 3 The New River – a brief history ∗ Aqueduct completed in 1613 by Goldsmith and Adventurer Hugh Myddelton and Mathematician Edward Wright. ∗ King James I agreed to provide half the costs on condition he received half of the profits ∗ Total cost of construction was £18,500. ∗ Essential part of London’s water supply. 48 million gallons a day are carried for treatment. The New River – a brief history ∗ Originally fed only by sources at Chadwell and Amwell Springs. ∗ The course of the New River now ends at Stoke Newington East Reservoir (Woodberry Wetlands). ∗ Water levels are regulated by sluices. Path development ∗ The New River Path was developed over 12 years at a cost of over £2 million ∗ 28 miles from Hertfordshire to North London. ∗ We have worked in partnership with, and with the support of, many organisations; including Groundwork, the New River Action Group, Friends of New River Walk, schools and communities, and all the local authorities
    [Show full text]
  • Former Fellows Biographical Index Part
    Former Fellows of The Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783 – 2002 Biographical Index Part Two ISBN 0 902198 84 X Published July 2006 © The Royal Society of Edinburgh 22-26 George Street, Edinburgh, EH2 2PQ BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF FORMER FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH 1783 – 2002 PART II K-Z C D Waterston and A Macmillan Shearer This is a print-out of the biographical index of over 4000 former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh as held on the Society’s computer system in October 2005. It lists former Fellows from the foundation of the Society in 1783 to October 2002. Most are deceased Fellows up to and including the list given in the RSE Directory 2003 (Session 2002-3) but some former Fellows who left the Society by resignation or were removed from the roll are still living. HISTORY OF THE PROJECT Information on the Fellowship has been kept by the Society in many ways – unpublished sources include Council and Committee Minutes, Card Indices, and correspondence; published sources such as Transactions, Proceedings, Year Books, Billets, Candidates Lists, etc. All have been examined by the compilers, who have found the Minutes, particularly Committee Minutes, to be of variable quality, and it is to be regretted that the Society’s holdings of published billets and candidates lists are incomplete. The late Professor Neil Campbell prepared from these sources a loose-leaf list of some 1500 Ordinary Fellows elected during the Society’s first hundred years. He listed name and forenames, title where applicable and national honours, profession or discipline, position held, some information on membership of the other societies, dates of birth, election to the Society and death or resignation from the Society and reference to a printed biography.
    [Show full text]