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On a collection of from Cambodia, with the first record of Sinictinogomphus clavatus and a description of the female of Zyxomma breviventre

Malte Seehausen1, Jérôme Constant2 & Koen Smets3

1 Museum Wiesbaden, Naturhistorische Sammlungen, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 2, 65185 Wies- baden, Germany; [email protected] 2, 3 Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, O.D. Phylogeny and , Entomology, Vautier street 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium; [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract. 71 specimens of 22 Odonata species from northwestern Cambodia stored at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences were examined and catalogued. The specimens were collected between 24-v-2003 and 31-v-2003. Sinictinogomphus clavatus is recorded in Cambodia for the first time, bringing the national checklist to 161 species. Several speci- mens of Zyxomma breviventre (Martin, 1921), recorded for the third time ever, were col- lected using mercury vapour light traps. Females of this species are recorded for the first time and both sexes are illustrated. Information on the species’ habitat is provided and the Zyxom­moides Martin, 1921 is briefly discussed. The following species were also collected at light traps: Diplacodes trivialis, Neurothemis fluctuans, Neurothemis intermedia atalanta, Pantala flavescens, Potamarcha congener,and . Further key words. , Anisoptera, , Zygoptera, light trap

Introduction The Odonata fauna of Cambodia was poorly known until the beginning of the 21st century (Hämäläinen 2004). Thanks to intensive research over the last ten years knowledge is steadily increasing. Kosterin & Vikhrev (2006) recorded 12 species new to Cambodia, Roland & Roland (2010) added five species, Kos­ terin (2010) added 15 more species and stated 83 species were then known to occur in Cambodia; he also gave a useful overview of the history of odonato- logical research in the country. Further records were published by Roland et al. (2011), Kosterin (2011, 2012, 2014, 2015a-e), Kosterin & Holden (2011), Kosterin et al. (2012a) and Kosterin & Chartier (2014), each increasing the number of known species. Moreover, a number of new species and sub- species have recently described from Cambodia (Kosterin et al. 2012b; Kos- terin 2015a, c–e): Burmagomphus asahinai Kosterin, Makbun et Dawwrueng, 2012, Risio­phlebia guentheri Kosterin, 2015, Onychargia priydak Kosterin, 2015, Prodasi­neura hoffmanni Kosterin 2015, Hemicordulia tenera vikhrevi Kosterin, Karube et Futahashi, 2015, and Indolestes gracilis expressior Kosterin, 2015. Hence since Kosterin (2015a–e) the tally of species know from Cambodia has risen to 160 species.

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Material and methods Since 2000, entomologists of the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (Brus- sels, Belgium) (RBINS) have conducted series of expeditions to survey the entomo- fauna from Thailand, Cambodia, and Vietnam. The 2003 expedition to Cambodia was an exploratory trip from 21-v- to 01-vi-2003 mainly aimed at establishing col- laboration with the NGO Osmose based in Siem Reap for further work on Cam- bodian entomological biodiversity. Some results of that trip were published, e.g., by Mohamedsaid & Constant (2007: Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and Constant et al. (2016: Hemiptera: Fulgoridae). The present paper reports on the Odonata col- lected on that expedition. All specimens were collected by JC and KS and stored at RBINS. Most specimens were collected by day using nets but a number of specimens were taken at light. The light trap was aimed at attracting various Coleoptera, Hemiptera, and Lepidoptera but a significant ‘bycatch’ of other orders such as Odonata and Neuro­ ptera was not neglected. The lights were turned on slightly before sunset. For the light trapping a 2 × 4 m white sheet and two 160 W Osram mercury vapour bulbs powered by a small generator were used.

List of collecting sites (1) Siem Reap city (13.3671°N, 103.8448°E) (2) Siem Reap, Phnom Kulen (13.7000°N, 104.0522°E) (3) Siem Reap, 8 km north of Sre Noi, road to Anlong Vaeng (13.8500°N, 104.0460°E), specimens collected by using light trap (4) Siem Reap, Angkor Thom (13.4411°N, 103.8615°E), specimens collected by using light trap (5) Battambang, Prek Toal, Tonle Sap Lake (13.2415°N, 103.6589°E).

Results The collection comprised 71 specimens of 22 species from five collecting sites. Sinictinogomphus clavatus is a new record for Cambodia increasing the Cambodian checklist to 161 species. Records of Zyxomma breviventre represent only the third time this little known species has been encountered.

List of recorded species

Family Coenagrionidae 1. Agriocnemis minima Selys, 1877 (5) 6♂ 3♀ 27-v-2003. 2. Ceriagrion auranticum Fraser, 1922 (5) 1♀ 27-v-2003. 3. Ischnura senegalensis (Rambur, 1842) (5) 2♂ 27-v-2003.

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Familiy Gomphidae 4. Sinictinogomphus clavatus (Fabricius, 1775) (5) 1♀ 27-v-2003.

Familiy 5. Brachythemis contaminata (Fabricius, 1793) (5) 4♂ 1♀ 27-v-2003. 6. Crocothemis servilia (Drury, 1770) (5) 7♂ 6♀ 27-v-2003. 7. Diplacodes trivialis (Rambur, 1842) (1) 1♂ 28-v-2003 (3) 1♀ 29-v-2003. 8. Nannophya pygmaea Rambur, 1842 (2) 1♂ 25-v-2003. 9. Neurothemis fluctuans (Fabricius, 1793) (3) 1♀ 29-v-2003. 10. Neurothemis fulvia (Drury, 1773) (2) 1♂ 25-v-2003. 11. Neurothemis intermedia atalanta Ris, 1913 (2) 1♂ 24-v-2003 (3) 1♂ 1♀ 29-v-2003. 12. Neurothemis tullia (Drury, 1773) (5) 1♂ 27-v-2003. 13. Orthetrum luzonicum (Brauer, 1868) (2) 1♂ 25-v-2003. 14. Orthetrum sabina (Drury, 1770) (2) 2♂ 25-v-2003. 15. Pantala flavescens (Fabricius, 1798) (4) 1♂ 31-v-2003 (5) 1♂ 27-v-2003. 16. Potamarcha congener (Rambur, 1842) (3) 1♂ 29-v-2003. 17. Rhyothemis obsolescens Kirby, 1889 (2) 1♀ 24-v-2003. 18. Rhyothemis phyllis (Sulzer, 1776) (5) 1♂ 2♀ 27-v-2003. 19. Rhyothemis variegata (Linnaeus, 1763) (5) 2♀ 27-v-2003. 20. Urothemis signata (Rambur, 1842) (5) 1♂ 27-v-2003. 21. Zyxomma breviventre (Martin, 1921) (3) 3♀ 29-v-2003 (4) 9♂ 5♀ 31-v-2003. 22. Zyxomma petiolatum Rambur, 1842 (4) 1♂ 31-v-2003.

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Notes on Zyxomma breviventre (Martin, 1921), with a description of the female This species was so far known only from the original description and from a single male collected almost 50 years later at Angkor Wat in Cambodia (Asahina 1967), thus the specimens within this collection represent the third record of the spe- cies and the first females ever. Martin (1921) established the genus Zyx­ommoides based on the different shape of the abdomen compared to the similar genus Zyx­ omma Rambur, 1842. Asahina (1967) reviewed the differences and found that Zyx­ommoides has a closed instead of an open anal loop; however he synonymized Zyxommoides with Zyxomma. We were unable to find further characters separat- ing both genera, thus we confirm Asahina (1967). The holotype of Zyxommoides breviventre Martin, 1921 is deposited at the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris (MNHN). Characters of the Zyxomma breviventre male were given by Martin (1921) and Asahina (1967); the latter also illustrated the appendages and the secondary geni- talia. However we add new illustrations, including the vesica sperminalis and its medial process, based on the nine males collected (Fig. 1). Additionally we note that the thorax of some males shows white pruinosity. The medial process of the vesica

Fig. 1. Male Zyxomma breviventre from lateral, abdomen dorsal, secondary genitalia later- al, vesical spermalis segment II–IV lateral, medial process lateral, wings, appendages lateral and dorsal. Illustration: MS

Notulae odonatologicae 8(7) 2016: 203-245 226 sperminalis has a thin, wire-like medial structure and is completely covered by the large lateral lobes of segment V4. The sizes and wing venation characteristics of males are: total length 44–48 mm, abdomen length 30.5–34.5 mm, hind wing (Hw) length 35.5–37 mm, fore wing (Fw) length 36–38 mm, pterostigma (Pt) length 3.5– 4 mm, antenodals in Fw/Hw 12.5–13.5/8–10, postnodals in Fw/Hw 6–8/8–10, tri- angle in Fw/Hw with 2/0 cells, subtriangle in Fw with 3–4 cells, dc-field bordering the Fw-triangle with 3–4 cell rows, medial planate with one cell row, radial planate with 1–2 cell rows. The anal loop of the hind wing is consistently closed. The female of Z. breviventre (Fig. 2) resembles the male with the thorax pale brown with dark stripes on the mesepimeron, around the metapleural suture and on the metepimeron. The abdomen is pale brown with dark ridges on segment 2 to 4, dark markings around the suture from segments 3 to 10 and a pair of dark spots dorsally around distal end at least on segment 3 to 7. Legs pale brown. Wings sometimes slightly tinted pale brown or yellow from beyond nodus to apex; always with dark rays at the bases of subcostal and cubito-anal spaces. The vulvar scale extends to about the half way of segment 9, projects at about a 45° angle to the abdomen and is notched in ventral view. The sizes and wing venation of females are: total length 42–45 mm, abdomen length 29–32 mm, Hw length 35–38 mm, Fw length 35.5–38.5 mm, Pt length 4–4.5 mm, antenodals in Fw/Hw 10.5–14.5/8–11, post­nodals in Fw/Hw 7–8/7–10, triangle in Fw/Hw with 2/0 cells, subtriangle in Fw with 3–4 cells, dc-field bordering the Fw-triangle with 3 cell rows, medial planate

Fig. 2. Female Zyxomma breviventre from lateral, abdomen dorsal, wings, vulvar scale lat- eral and ventral. Illustration: MS

Notulae odonatologicae 8(7) 2016: 203-245 227 with one cell row, radial planate consisting of 1–2 cell rows. The anal loop of the hind wing is consistently closed. The habitat was secondary lowland open forest in Angkor Thom, with many -wa ter bodies and large open areas around the temples; in Sre Noi, it was lowland open dipterocarp forest with abundant herbaceous vegetation. All specimens were collected between 8 p.m. and 10 p.m. ICT (UTC+7) in Ang- kor Thom and between 8 p.m. and midnight near Sre Noi, using light trap, thus supporting the notion that this is a crepuscular species. The currently recorded dis- tribution of the species in Cambodia is illustrated on the map (Fig. 3).

Discussion The femaleSinictinogomphus clavatus represents the first Cambodian record of this species, however, it appears to be a not unexpected record because this species has

Fig. 3. Map of Cambodia with geographic position of the hitherto known sites forZyxomma breviventre.

Notulae odonatologicae 8(7) 2016: 203-245 228 a large range and is found in the neighbouring countries Thailand and Vietnam (Hämäläinen & Pinratana 1999; Ellenrieder von et al. 2015). The occur- rence of Ictinogomphus decoratus (Selys, 1854) as well as of Ictinogomphus rapax (Rambur, 1842) in Cambodia was noted by Benstead (2006) and Ictinogomphus pertinax (Hagen in Selys, 1854) is known from adjacent Vietnam (Ellenrieder von et al. 2015). Females of all these species differ in the arrangement of the yel- low colour of the thorax and abdomen. Especially the very large yellow patch, continuing from S1 to S3, appears to be typical for S. clavatus; also the femora of S. clavatus are extensive yellow. Besides the new records of Zyxomma breviventre, the following species were collected using light traps: Diplacodes trivialis, Neurothemis fluctuans, Neuro­ themis intermedia atalanta, Pantala flavescens, Potamarcha congener, and Zyxomma petio­latum. Sharma et al. (2000) refer to 14 species attracted to light in India including D. trivialis, P. flavescens, and Z. petiolatum. They used mercury vapour light for their research (Shyamkant Talmale, pers. comm.) which is con- sidered by some to be the most effective light to attract Odonata (Ramamurthy et al. 2010). Kosterin (2011) reported Aciagrion borneense, Agrio­cnemis pyg- mea, Ceri­agrion olivaceum, Ischnura senegalensis, Anax guttatus, D. trivialis, P. flavescens, and Tramea transmarina euryale attracted to ‘day light’ lamps at Kep, Cambodia. Umar et al. (2012) gave an overview of Odonata attracted to light but N. fluctuans, N. intermedia atalanta, and P. congener were not listed. This might be due to the fact that light traps are usually seldom used for odonato- logical research. However, Frost (1971) documented 17 species and more than 200 specimens which were collected using light traps within 12 years of studies in Florida. It should be noted however that only a few crepuscular species may be best collected by this method.

Acknowledgements. We are very grateful to Wouter Dekoninck (RBINS) for the loan of specimens. Further we are very grateful to Oleg E. Kosterin for critical reading of the man- uscript as well as to Hanns-Jürgen Roland and Martin Schorr for help with literature re- quested, Shyamkant Talmale for information about light trapping in Maharashtra and Jean Legrand (MNHN) for pictures of the type of Zyxommoides breviventre. The work in Cambo- dia was supported by a grant from the Belgian Directorate-General for Development and Cooperation obtained by Dr. Patrick Grootaert (RBINS).

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