Cruising Toward the Moon on Public Radio
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The Mixtape: a Case Study in Emancipatory Journalism
ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: THE MIXTAPE: A CASE STUDY IN EMANCIPATORY JOURNALISM Jared A. Ball, Doctor of Philosophy, 2005 Directed By: Dr. Katherine McAdams Associate Professor Philip Merrill College of Journalism Associate Dean, Undergraduate Studies During the 1970s the rap music mixtape developed alongside hip-hop as an underground method of mass communication. Initially created by disc-jockeys in an era prior to popular “urban” radio and video formats, these mixtapes represented an alternative, circumventing traditional mass medium. However, as hip-hop has come under increasing corporate control within a larger consolidated media ownership environment, so too has the mixtape had to face the challenge of maintaining its autonomy. This media ownership consolidation, vertically and horizontally integrated, has facilitated further colonial control over African America and has exposed as myth notions of democratizing media in an undemocratic society. Acknowledging a colonial relationship the writer created FreeMix Radio: The Original Mixtape Radio Show where the mixtape becomes both a source of free cultural expression and an anti-colonial emancipatory journalism developed as a “Third World” response to the needs of postcolonial nation-building. This dissertation explores the contemporary colonizing effects of media consolidation, cultural industry function, and copyright ownership, concluding that the development of an underground press that recognizes the tremendous disparities in advanced technological access (the “digital divide”) appears to be the only viable alternative. The potential of the mixtape to serve as a source of emancipatory journalism is studied via a three-pronged methodological approach: 1) An explication of literature and theory related to the history of and contemporary need for resistance media, 2) an analysis of the mixtape as a potential underground mass press and 3) three focus group reactions to the mixtape as resistance media, specifically, the case study of the writer’s own FreeMix Radio: The Original Mixtape Radio Show. -
Eyez on Me 2PAC – Changes 2PAC - Dear Mama 2PAC - I Ain't Mad at Cha 2PAC Feat
2 UNLIMITED- No Limit 2PAC - All Eyez On Me 2PAC – Changes 2PAC - Dear Mama 2PAC - I Ain't Mad At Cha 2PAC Feat. Dr DRE & ROGER TROUTMAN - California Love 311 - Amber 311 - Beautiful Disaster 311 - Down 3 DOORS DOWN - Away From The Sun 3 DOORS DOWN – Be Like That 3 DOORS DOWN - Behind Those Eyes 3 DOORS DOWN - Dangerous Game 3 DOORS DOWN – Duck An Run 3 DOORS DOWN – Here By Me 3 DOORS DOWN - Here Without You 3 DOORS DOWN - Kryptonite 3 DOORS DOWN - Landing In London 3 DOORS DOWN – Let Me Go 3 DOORS DOWN - Live For Today 3 DOORS DOWN – Loser 3 DOORS DOWN – So I Need You 3 DOORS DOWN – The Better Life 3 DOORS DOWN – The Road I'm On 3 DOORS DOWN - When I'm Gone 4 NON BLONDES - Spaceman 4 NON BLONDES - What's Up 4 NON BLONDES - What's Up ( Acoustative Version ) 4 THE CAUSE - Ain't No Sunshine 4 THE CAUSE - Stand By Me 5 SECONDS OF SUMMER - Amnesia 5 SECONDS OF SUMMER - Don't Stop 5 SECONDS OF SUMMER – Good Girls 5 SECONDS OF SUMMER - Jet Black Heart 5 SECONDS OF SUMMER – Lie To Me 5 SECONDS OF SUMMER - She Looks So Perfect 5 SECONDS OF SUMMER - Teeth 5 SECONDS OF SUMMER - What I Like About You 5 SECONDS OF SUMMER - Youngblood 10CC - Donna 10CC - Dreadlock Holiday 10CC - I'm Mandy ( Fly Me ) 10CC - I'm Mandy Fly Me 10CC - I'm Not In Love 10CC - Life Is A Minestrone 10CC - Rubber Bullets 10CC - The Things We Do For Love 10CC - The Wall Street Shuffle 30 SECONDS TO MARS - Closer To The Edge 30 SECONDS TO MARS - From Yesterday 30 SECONDS TO MARS - Kings and Queens 30 SECONDS TO MARS - Teeth 30 SECONDS TO MARS - The Kill (Bury Me) 30 SECONDS TO MARS - Up In The Air 30 SECONDS TO MARS - Walk On Water 50 CENT - Candy Shop 50 CENT - Disco Inferno 50 CENT - In Da Club 50 CENT - Just A Lil' Bit 50 CENT - Wanksta 50 CENT Feat. -
Appreciating Hip-Hop's Justice Roots
Are You Down for the Cause or Because? Appreciating Hip-Hop’s Justice Roots By Edward Vogel, co-creator of “Rhymes and Reasons” Hip-hop has become one of the biggest cultural phenomena of the last thirty years but it is often misunderstood, especially by people committed to social justice. How can an artform that is often misogynistic, homophobic, and materialistic speak to the same issues that define the radical love of the Gospels? How does hip-hop align with the Catholic Worker Movement? Answer: hip-hop is an attempt to document a history that our society is structured to ignore. It is the story of the poor, the imprisoned, the beaten down, as well as a story of the Beatitudes and the Works of Mercy. Taking the time to appreciate hip-hop will help you cross the border into a deeper understanding of another group of people and will offer a better understanding of what social justice truly is. I was born into a privileged, middle class, white family in Lansing, Michigan with two parents and a firm grip on upward mobility. I was born into a Catholic family residing in a strong Catholic community where I would be supported and nurtured in my faith tradition from a young age. I attended the local Catholic school where I enjoyed a great education and was introduced to the idea of social justice. But I had another privilege unconsidered by most: I was born in one of the first generations where hip-hop music and culture preceded me. When I was a kid, hip-hop culture, style, and rap music were everywhere. -
Total Tracks Number: 1108 Total Tracks Length: 76:17:23 Total Tracks Size: 6.7 GB
Total tracks number: 1108 Total tracks length: 76:17:23 Total tracks size: 6.7 GB # Artist Title Length 01 00:00 02 2 Skinnee J's Riot Nrrrd 03:57 03 311 All Mixed Up 03:00 04 311 Amber 03:28 05 311 Beautiful Disaster 04:01 06 311 Come Original 03:42 07 311 Do You Right 04:17 08 311 Don't Stay Home 02:43 09 311 Down 02:52 10 311 Flowing 03:13 11 311 Transistor 03:02 12 311 You Wouldnt Believe 03:40 13 A New Found Glory Hit Or Miss 03:24 14 A Perfect Circle 3 Libras 03:35 15 A Perfect Circle Judith 04:03 16 A Perfect Circle The Hollow 02:55 17 AC/DC Back In Black 04:15 18 AC/DC What Do You Do for Money Honey 03:35 19 Acdc Back In Black 04:14 20 Acdc Highway To Hell 03:27 21 Acdc You Shook Me All Night Long 03:31 22 Adema Giving In 04:34 23 Adema The Way You Like It 03:39 24 Aerosmith Cryin' 05:08 25 Aerosmith Sweet Emotion 05:08 26 Aerosmith Walk This Way 03:39 27 Afi Days Of The Phoenix 03:27 28 Afroman Because I Got High 05:10 29 Alanis Morissette Ironic 03:49 30 Alanis Morissette You Learn 03:55 31 Alanis Morissette You Oughta Know 04:09 32 Alaniss Morrisete Hand In My Pocket 03:41 33 Alice Cooper School's Out 03:30 34 Alice In Chains Again 04:04 35 Alice In Chains Angry Chair 04:47 36 Alice In Chains Don't Follow 04:21 37 Alice In Chains Down In A Hole 05:37 38 Alice In Chains Got Me Wrong 04:11 39 Alice In Chains Grind 04:44 40 Alice In Chains Heaven Beside You 05:27 41 Alice In Chains I Stay Away 04:14 42 Alice In Chains Man In The Box 04:46 43 Alice In Chains No Excuses 04:15 44 Alice In Chains Nutshell 04:19 45 Alice In Chains Over Now 07:03 46 Alice In Chains Rooster 06:15 47 Alice In Chains Sea Of Sorrow 05:49 48 Alice In Chains Them Bones 02:29 49 Alice in Chains Would? 03:28 50 Alice In Chains Would 03:26 51 Alien Ant Farm Movies 03:15 52 Alien Ant Farm Smooth Criminal 03:41 53 American Hifi Flavor Of The Week 03:12 54 Andrew W.K. -
AC/DC BONFIRE 01 Jailbreak 02 It's a Long Way to the Top 03 She's Got
AC/DC AEROSMITH BONFIRE PANDORA’S BOX DISC II 01 Toys in the Attic 01 Jailbreak 02 Round and Round 02 It’s a Long Way to the Top 03 Krawhitham 03 She’s Got the Jack 04 You See Me Crying 04 Live Wire 05 Sweet Emotion 05 T.N.T. 06 No More No More 07 Walk This Way 06 Let There Be Rock 08 I Wanna Know Why 07 Problem Child 09 Big 10” Record 08 Rocker 10 Rats in the Cellar 09 Whole Lotta Rosie 11 Last Child 10 What’s Next to the Moon? 12 All Your Love 13 Soul Saver 11 Highway to Hell 14 Nobody’s Fault 12 Girls Got Rhythm 15 Lick and a Promise 13 Walk All Over You 16 Adam’s Apple 14 Shot Down in Flames 17 Draw the Line 15 Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap 18 Critical Mass 16 Ride On AEROSMITH PANDORA’S BOX DISC III AC/DC 01 Kings and Queens BACK IN BLACK 02 Milk Cow Blues 01 Hells Bells 03 I Live in Connecticut 02 Shoot to Thrill 04 Three Mile Smile 05 Let It Slide 03 What Do You Do For Money Honey? 06 Cheesecake 04 Given the Dog a Bone 07 Bone to Bone (Coney Island White Fish) 05 Let Me Put My Love Into You 08 No Surprize 06 Back in Black 09 Come Together 07 You Shook Me All Night Long 10 Downtown Charlie 11 Sharpshooter 08 Have a Drink On Me 12 Shithouse Shuffle 09 Shake a Leg 13 South Station Blues 10 Rock and Roll Ain’t Noise Pollution 14 Riff and Roll 15 Jailbait AEROSMITH 16 Major Barbara 17 Chip Away the Stone PANDORA’S BOX DISC I 18 Helter Skelter 01 When I Needed You 19 Back in the Saddle 02 Make It 03 Movin’ Out AEROSMITH 04 One Way Street PANDORA’S BOX BONUS CD 05 On the Road Again 01 Woman of the World 06 Mama Kin 02 Lord of the Thighs 07 Same Old Song and Dance 03 Sick As a Dog 08 Train ‘Kept a Rollin’ 04 Big Ten Inch 09 Seasons of Wither 05 Kings and Queens 10 Write Me a Letter 06 Remember (Walking in the Sand) 11 Dream On 07 Lightning Strikes 12 Pandora’s Box 08 Let the Music Do the Talking 13 Rattlesnake Shake 09 My Face Your Face 14 Walkin’ the Dog 10 Sheila 15 Lord of the Thighs 11 St. -
The Hip Hop Pedagogy and Innovative Prose of Rakim Allah – AAIHS
The Hip Hop Pedagogy and Innovative Prose of Rakim Allah – AAIHS Follow Us On Social Media Fa G R T ce oo S wi b l S Published by AAIHS HOME ABOUT CONTRIBUTORS FEATURED BOOKS AUTHOR INTERVIEWS ROUNDTABLES RESOURCES Subscribe The Hip Hop Pedagogy and Innovative Prose of Rakim Allah Sign up to get the latest posts and updates. By Richard D. Benson II September 15, 2017 1 Categories Select Category Archives Select Month Tags #AAIHSRoundtable Rakim Allah in Hamburg, Germany in June 1998 (Credit: Mikael ‘Mika’ Väisänen, Wikimedia) Activism African Diaspora archives black feminism Black film It was the summer of 1986 in Chicago, and my eleven-year-old self was engaged in an intense debate with my buddies after little league practice. The topic of debate was hip hop. We were debating who was the coldest emcees of the day black intellectual with the hottest albums out–cassettes to be exact–at the time. LL Cool J was at the top of the list. Run DMC was tossed history black internationalism around and so were Kool Moe Dee, Fat Boys, and Beastie Boys. The discussion took a different path when one of my black lives matter black nationalism Black teammates remarked, “But yo, y’all heard of this dude named Rakim?” We were all puzzled. As we prodded our teammate with extreme skepticism, his older brother arrived to pick him up from practice bumping (unbeknownst to us) Panther Party black politics the classic, ‘My Melody.’ My teammate shouted, “That’s Him…That’s Rakim, the dude I was telling y’all about.” We couldn’t believe our ears and definitely couldn’t’ believe that it was rap. -
Active Warrants 07-01-21
LAKE HAVASU POLICE DEPARTMENT 09/01/2021 09:15 Active Warrants By City - LAKE HAVASU CITY Want ID Issued Name (Last, First, Middle) DOB Race Sex Charge Address 14134 06/22/2017 Abeyta, Kristina Jean 10/04/1978 W F Rule Of Criminal Procedure Failure 2511 Mcculloch Blvd N 102, Lake Havasu City To Comply 30006 12/19/2018 Abney, Lance Marcus 08/11/1987 W M Failure To Appear 2nd Deg 3085 El Dorado Ave N, Lake Havasu City 20888 03/24/2018 Abrego, Ruben Arthur Ii 08/15/1976 W M Rule Of Criminal Procedure Failure 450 Mohican Dr, Lake Havasu City To Comply 8244 01/27/2015 Achterberg, Kimberly Dawn 09/11/1982 W F Rule Of Criminal Procedure Failure 100 Lakemaster Ln, Lake Havasu City To Comply 20886 03/24/2018 Ackerman, Steve 08/22/1981 W M Rule Of Criminal Procedure Failure 4062 Gold Spring Rd E, Lake Havasu City To Comply 8764 08/21/2015 Acret, James Elvero 05/08/1963 W M Rule Of Criminal Procedure Failure 2192 Barranca Dr, Lake Havasu City To Comply 33861 05/10/2019 Adams, Joshua Paul 05/12/1986 W M Rule Of Criminal Procedure Failure 660 Grand Island Dr, Lake Havasu City To Comply 8029 11/17/2014 Adams, Kevin Todd 09/27/1979 W M Rules Of Criminal Procedure -failure 2035 Acoma Blvd W .119, Lake Havasu City To Appear 8173 01/06/2015 Adams, Kevin Todd 09/27/1979 W M Rule Of Criminal Procedure Failure 2035 Acoma Blvd W .119, Lake Havasu City To Co 8169 12/30/2014 Adams, Shawn Michael 04/17/1979 W M Rule Of Criminal Procedure Failure 700 Mcculloch Blvd S, Lake Havasu City To Co 15734 10/03/2017 Adcock, Katrina Marie 02/27/1979 W F Failure To Appear -
Browse List ID Category L Pkt Title Artist Daypart DA0492 POWER GOLD 1 0 KRYPTONITE 3 DOORS DOWN
WQXA2-TM Browse List ID Category L Pkt Title Artist Daypart DA0492 POWER GOLD 1 0 KRYPTONITE 3 DOORS DOWN DA0950 TER 1 0 LOSER 3 DOORS DOWN DA0569 TER 1 0 WHEN I'M GONE 3 DOORS DOWN DA0711 Sec GOLD 1 0 THE KILL 30 SECONDS TO MARS DA3012 TER 1 0 ALL MIXED UP 311 DA0106 TER 1 0 DOWN 311 DA0095 POWER GOLD 1 0 CUMBERSOME 7 MARY 3 DA0848 TER 1 0 JUDITH A PERFECT CIRCLE TOOL DA0175 POWER GOLD 1 0 BACK IN BLACK AC/DC DA0176 POWER GOLD 1 0 DIRTY DEEDS DONE DIRT AC/DC CHEAP DA0177 Sec GOLD 1 0 FOR THOSE ABOUT TO AC/DC ROCK (WE SALUTE YO DA0155 Sec GOLD 1 0 HELL'S BELLS AC/DC DA0156 POWER GOLD 1 0 HIGHWAY TO HELL AC/DC DA0157 TER 1 0 MONEYTALKS AC/DC DA0158 Sec GOLD 1 0 SHOOT TO THRILL AC/DC DA0160 POWER GOLD 1 0 T.N.T. AC/DC DA0161 POWER GOLD 1 0 THUNDERSTRUCK AC/DC DA0162 TER 1 0 WHO MADE WHO AC/DC DA0163 POWER GOLD 1 0 YOU SHOOK ME ALL AC/DC NIGHT LONG DA3059 TER 1 0 COME TOGETHER AEROSMITH DA0126 Sec GOLD 1 0 DREAM ON AEROSMITH NO SLOW EARLY MORN DA0076 TER 1 0 DUDE (LOOKS LIKE A AEROSMITH LADY) Page 1 of 18 Printed 6/23/2020 9:37:36 AM ID Category L Pkt Title Artist Daypart DA0074 TER 1 0 LOVE IN AN ELEVATOR AEROSMITH DA0075 TER 1 0 RAG DOLL AEROSMITH DA0129 POWER GOLD 1 0 SWEET EMOTION AEROSMITH DA0132 TER 1 0 WALK THIS WAY AEROSMITH DA9814 TER 1 0 DOWN IN A HOLE ALICE IN CHAINS NO MORNING DA0134 TER 1 0 HEAVEN BESIDE YOU ALICE IN CHAINS DA0135 TER 1 0 I STAY AWAY ALICE IN CHAINS DA0115 POWER GOLD 1 0 MAN IN THE BOX ALICE IN CHAINS DA0089 TER 1 0 NO EXCUSES ALICE IN CHAINS DA0136 POWER GOLD 1 0 ROOSTER ALICE IN CHAINS NO MORNING DA8866 Sec -
112 Dance with Me 112 Peaches & Cream 213 Groupie Luv 311
112 DANCE WITH ME 112 PEACHES & CREAM 213 GROUPIE LUV 311 ALL MIXED UP 311 AMBER 311 BEAUTIFUL DISASTER 311 BEYOND THE GRAY SKY 311 CHAMPAGNE 311 CREATURES (FOR A WHILE) 311 DON'T STAY HOME 311 DON'T TREAD ON ME 311 DOWN 311 LOVE SONG 311 PURPOSE ? & THE MYSTERIANS 96 TEARS 1 PLUS 1 CHERRY BOMB 10 M POP MUZIK 10 YEARS WASTELAND 10,000 MANIACS BECAUSE THE NIGHT 10CC I'M NOT IN LOVE 10CC THE THINGS WE DO FOR LOVE 112 FT. SEAN PAUL NA NA NA NA 112 FT. SHYNE IT'S OVER NOW (RADIO EDIT) 12 VOLT SEX HOOK IT UP 1TYM WITHOUT YOU 2 IN A ROOM WIGGLE IT 2 LIVE CREW DAISY DUKES (NO SCHOOL PLAY) 2 LIVE CREW DIRTY NURSERY RHYMES (NO SCHOOL PLAY) 2 LIVE CREW FACE DOWN *** UP (NO SCHOOL PLAY) 2 LIVE CREW ME SO HORNY (NO SCHOOL PLAY) 2 LIVE CREW WE WANT SOME ***** (NO SCHOOL PLAY) 2 PAC 16 ON DEATH ROW 2 PAC 2 OF AMERIKAZ MOST WANTED 2 PAC ALL EYEZ ON ME 2 PAC AND, STILL I LOVE YOU 2 PAC AS THE WORLD TURNS 2 PAC BRENDA'S GOT A BABY 2 PAC CALIFORNIA LOVE (EXTENDED MIX) 2 PAC CALIFORNIA LOVE (NINETY EIGHT) 2 PAC CALIFORNIA LOVE (ORIGINAL VERSION) 2 PAC CAN'T C ME 2 PAC CHANGED MAN 2 PAC CONFESSIONS 2 PAC DEAR MAMA 2 PAC DEATH AROUND THE CORNER 2 PAC DESICATION 2 PAC DO FOR LOVE 2 PAC DON'T GET IT TWISTED 2 PAC GHETTO GOSPEL 2 PAC GHOST 2 PAC GOOD LIFE 2 PAC GOT MY MIND MADE UP 2 PAC HATE THE GAME 2 PAC HEARTZ OF MEN 2 PAC HIT EM UP FT. -
Anger Is a Gift: Propaganda, Performance E Documentário Nos Rage Against the Machine
ANGER IS A GIFT: PROPAGANDA, PERFORMANCE E DOCUMENTÁRIO NOS RAGE AGAINST THE MACHINE Luís Nogueira Resumo: Há cerca de 20 anos, e durante a década de 1990, os Rage Against the Machine não mudaram o mundo, mas esforçaram-se por provocar pequenos abalos estéticos (ao nível da criação musical) e éticos (ao nível da intervenção cívica). A produção visual que acompanhou a sua música apresentou-se tão ousada e invulgar quanto aquela: videoclips baseados em found footage e atuações ao vivo, filmes-concerto que procuraram captar a energia visceral da performance live e uma forte mensagem propagandística a atravessar quer a música quer as imagens que a acompanham parecem-nos aspetos dignos de nota e merecedores de reflexão. É disso mesmo que nos ocupamos neste artigo, de uma banda onde o cruzamento entre videoclip e documentário assume uma relevância nunca vista na indústria do entretenimento e na cultura musical contemporânea. Palavras-chave: Rage Against the Machine, documentário, videoclip, propaganda. Resumen: Desde hace unos 20 años, y en especial durante la década de 1990, el grupo Rage Against the Machine no ha cambiado el mundo, pero se ha esforzado en provocar pequeñas sacudidas estéticas (en lo que concierne a la creación musical) y éticas (en el ámbito de la intervención cívica). La producción visual que acompaña su música ha llegado a ser tan audaz e inusual como aquélla: videoclips basados en metraje encontrado y actuaciones en directo, películas-concierto que buscaban captar la energía visceral de las interpretaciones en vivo y un fuerte mensaje propagandístico que atraviesa tanto la música como las imágenes que la acompañan nos parecen aspectos dignos de nota y merecedores de reflexión. -
Karaoke with a Message – August 16, 2019 – 8:30PM
Another Protest Song: Karaoke with a Message – August 16, 2019 – 8:30PM a project of Angel Nevarez and Valerie Tevere for SOMA Summer 2019 at La Morenita Canta Bar (Puente de la Morena 50, 11870 Ciudad de México, MX) karaoke provided by La Morenita Canta Bar songbook edited by Angel Nevarez and Valerie Tevere ( ) 18840 (Ghost) Riders In The Sky Johnny Cash 10274 (I Am Not A) Robot Marina & Diamonds 00005 (I Can't Get No) Satisfaction Rolling Stones 17636 (I Hate) Everything About You Three Days Grace 15910 (I Want To) Thank You Freddie Jackson 05545 (I'm Not Your) Steppin' Stone Monkees 06305 (It's) A Beautiful Mornin' Rascals 19116 (Just Like) Starting Over John Lennon 15128 (Keep Feeling) Fascination Human League 04132 (Reach Up For The) Sunrise Duran Duran 05241 (Sittin' On) The Dock Of The Bay Otis Redding 17305 (Taking My) Life Away Default 15437 (Who Says) You Can't Have It All Alan Jackson # 07630 18 'til I Die Bryan Adams 20759 1994 Jason Aldean 03370 1999 Prince 07147 2 Legit 2 Quit MC Hammer 18961 21 Guns Green Day 004-m 21st Century Digital Boy Bad Religion 08057 21 Questions 50 Cent & Nate Dogg 00714 24 Hours At A Time Marshall Tucker Band 01379 25 Or 6 To 4 Chicago 14375 3 Strange Days School Of Fish 08711 4 Minutes Madonna 08867 4 Minutes Madonna & Justin Timberlake 09981 4 Minutes Avant 18883 5 Miles To Empty Brownstone 13317 500 Miles Peter Paul & Mary 00082 59th Street Bridge Song Simon & Garfunkel 00384 9 To 5 Dolly Parton 08937 99 Luftballons Nena 03637 99 Problems Jay-Z 03855 99 Red Balloons Nena 22405 1-800-273-8255 -
Assimilation and Hip-Hop
Assimilation and Hip-Hop Interethnic Relations and the Americanization of New Immigrants in Hip-Hop Culture By Audun Kjus Aahlin A Thesis Presented to The Department of Literature, Area Studies and European Languages -North American Area Studies- -Faculty of Humanities- University of Oslo In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the MA Degree Spring 2013 Assimilation and Hip-Hop Interethnic Relations and the Americanization of New Immigrants in Hip-Hop Culture II © Audun Kjus Aahlin 2013 Interethnic Relations and the Americanization of New Immigrants in Hip-Hop Culture Audun Kjus Aahlin http://www.duo.uio.no/ Print: CopyCat, Lysaker in Oslo III Acknowledgements It would not be hip-hop without a lot of shout-outs. So… I will like to thank my supervisor, Associate Professor David C. Mauk for his encouragements and advises. I also need to acknowledge Associate Professor Deborah Lynn Kitchen- Døderlein for some needed adjustments in the early part of this project. I am much grateful to Terje Flaatten, who proofread the thesis. Thank you for taking the time out of your busy schedule. Thank you to the John F. Kennedy Institute for North American Studies in Berlin, who let me use their facilities last autumn. I am also grateful to Espen Sæterbakken for his help with the printing of my thesis. Appreciations are also due to Jeff Chang, The Mind Squad, Nelson George, Bakari Kitwana, ego trip, Dream Hampton, and the countless other journalists, writers, scholars and activists who taught me at an early age that few things in life are better combined than hip-hop and intellectual writings.