Fine-Grained Flower Classification
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•••••OCTOBER · 19 7 4- Number 14 THE SPECIES IRIS STUDY GROUP OF THE AMERICAN IRIS SOCIETY Jean Witt, of Seattle, is the Director of the AIS Species Seed Exchange. he also is an expert at doing ink-line botanic illustrations. Her seed exchange list for 1974 will be exten ive - but it will NOT offer eeds of the pecies which she has drawn for this cover of SIGNA. Seeds of Iris afghanica, of tpe Regelia Section, are not yet available - because Iris afghanico is a newly discovered and newly described species. More details are on page 367. THE SPECIES IRIS STUDY GROUP of_ TH E AMERICAN IRIS SOCIETY OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY Chairman- - - - - - - Roy Davidson- - - 911 Western Avenue,,_ Number 200 Seattle, Washington !:18104 phone 206-746- 2156 Secretary-Treasurer - - - Homer Metcalf - - Montana State Universi~i College of Agriculture BoLeman Montana 597 5 phone 46 6-586-5624 Librarian - - - - - - Jerry Flintoff- 5608 North 18th Street Tacoma, Washi:1gton 98406 Seed Exchange Director Jean Witt - 16516 25th, N.E. Seattle, Washington 98155 Species Robins Director- Lorena Reid 17225 McKenzie Highwa'i, Route 2 Springfield, Oregon 97477 Editor of SIGNA - - - Bill Gunther 740 Crest Road Del Ma.c, California 92014 phone , 14-755- 2798 Editor of Study Manual Roy Davidson- - 911 Western Avenue,,_ Number 200 Seattle, Washington !:18104 • • • • • • • • • • • SIGNA - - - Number 14 OCTOBER 1974 TABLE OF CONTENTS Cover--lris afghanica · Jean Witt - · · · 353 Notes on SIGNA 13 · - Roy Davidson - - · 355 It is a Gift! - - - - - Bill Gunther · · · 356 The Genus Iris: a review - - - - - - - P.J. Chittenden - - 357 Spuria Species as Garden Plants - E. -
Nature Conservation
J. Nat. Conserv. 11, – (2003) Journal for © Urban & Fischer Verlag http://www.urbanfischer.de/journals/jnc Nature Conservation Constructing Red Numbers for setting conservation priorities of endangered plant species: Israeli flora as a test case Yuval Sapir1*, Avi Shmida1 & Ori Fragman1,2 1 Rotem – Israel Plant Information Center, Dept. of Evolution, Systematics and Ecology,The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel; e-mail: [email protected] 2 Present address: Botanical Garden,The Hebrew University, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel Abstract A common problem in conservation policy is to define the priority of a certain species to invest conservation efforts when resources are limited. We suggest a method of constructing red numbers for plant species, in order to set priorities in con- servation policy. The red number is an additive index, summarising values of four parameters: 1. Rarity – The number of sites (1 km2) where the species is present. A rare species is defined when present in 0.5% of the area or less. 2. Declining rate and habitat vulnerability – Evaluate the decreasing rate in the number of sites and/or the destruction probability of the habitat. 3. Attractivity – the flower size and the probability of cutting or exploitation of the plant. 4. Distribution type – scoring endemic species and peripheral populations. The plant species of Israel were scored for the parameters of the red number. Three hundred and seventy (370) species, 16.15% of the Israeli flora entered into the “Red List” received red numbers above 6. “Post Mortem” analysis for the 34 extinct species of Israel revealed an average red number of 8.7, significantly higher than the average of the current red list. -
These De Doctorat De L'universite Paris-Saclay
NNT : 2016SACLS250 THESE DE DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITE PARIS-SACLAY, préparée à l’Université Paris-Sud ÉCOLE DOCTORALE N° 567 Sciences du Végétal : du Gène à l’Ecosystème Spécialité de doctorat (Biologie) Par Mlle Nour Abdel Samad Titre de la thèse (CARACTERISATION GENETIQUE DU GENRE IRIS EVOLUANT DANS LA MEDITERRANEE ORIENTALE) Thèse présentée et soutenue à « Beyrouth », le « 21/09/2016 » : Composition du Jury : M., Tohmé, Georges CNRS (Liban) Président Mme, Garnatje, Teresa Institut Botànic de Barcelona (Espagne) Rapporteur M., Bacchetta, Gianluigi Università degli Studi di Cagliari (Italie) Rapporteur Mme, Nadot, Sophie Université Paris-Sud (France) Examinateur Mlle, El Chamy, Laure Université Saint-Joseph (Liban) Examinateur Mme, Siljak-Yakovlev, Sonja Université Paris-Sud (France) Directeur de thèse Mme, Bou Dagher-Kharrat, Magda Université Saint-Joseph (Liban) Co-directeur de thèse UNIVERSITE SAINT-JOSEPH FACULTE DES SCIENCES THESE DE DOCTORAT DISCIPLINE : Sciences de la vie SPÉCIALITÉ : Biologie de la conservation Sujet de la thèse : Caractérisation génétique du genre Iris évoluant dans la Méditerranée Orientale. Présentée par : Nour ABDEL SAMAD Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR ÈS SCIENCES Soutenue le 21/09/2016 Devant le jury composé de : Dr. Georges TOHME Président Dr. Teresa GARNATJE Rapporteur Dr. Gianluigi BACCHETTA Rapporteur Dr. Sophie NADOT Examinateur Dr. Laure EL CHAMY Examinateur Dr. Sonja SILJAK-YAKOVLEV Directeur de thèse Dr. Magda BOU DAGHER KHARRAT Directeur de thèse Titre : Caractérisation Génétique du Genre Iris évoluant dans la Méditerranée Orientale. Mots clés : Iris, Oncocyclus, région Est-Méditerranéenne, relations phylogénétiques, status taxonomique. Résumé : Le genre Iris appartient à la famille des L’approche scientifique est basée sur de nombreux Iridacées, il comprend plus de 280 espèces distribuées outils moléculaires et génétiques tels que : l’analyse de à travers l’hémisphère Nord. -
Positive and Negative Impacts of Non-Native Bee Species Around the World
Supplementary Materials: Positive and Negative Impacts of Non-Native Bee Species around the World Laura Russo Table S1. Selected references of potential negative impacts of Apis or Bombus species. Bold, underlined, and shaded text refers to citations with an empirical component while unbolded text refers to papers that refer to impacts only from a hypothetical standpoint. Light grey shading indicates species for which neither positive nor negative impacts have been recorded. “But see” refers to manuscripts that show evidence or describe the opposite of the effect and is capitalized when only contradictory studies could be found. Note that Apis mellifera scutellata (the “Africanized” honeybee), is treated separately given the abundance of research specifically studying that subspecies. Altering Non-native Nesting Floral Pathoens/ Invasive Introgres Decrease Pollination Species Sites Resources Parasites Weeds sion Plant Fitness Webs Apis cerana [1] [2] [1–3] [4] Apis dorsata Apis florea [5] [5] [37,45] But see [8–19] but [27–35] but [36–38] [39–43] [38,46,47] Apis mellifera [9,23–26] [4] [6,7] see [6,20–22] see [6] but see [44] [48,49] but see [50] Apis mellifera [51] but see [55–57] scutellata [52–54] Bombus [58,59] hortorum Bombus But see But see [60] [61] hypnorum [60] Bombus [62] [62,63] [26,64–66] [62] impatiens Bombus lucorum Bombus [28,58,59,6 [39] but see [67,68] [69,70] [36,39] ruderatus 9,71,72] [73] Bombus [59] subterraneous [67,70,74,75, [29,58,72,9 Bombus [25,26,70,7 [38,39,68,81,97,98 [4,76,88, [47,76,49,86,97 [74–76] 77–84] but 1–95] but terrestris 6,87–90] ] 99,100] ,101–103] see [85,86] see [96] Insects 2016, 7, 69; doi:10.3390/insects7040069 www.mdpi.com/journal/insects Insects 2016, 7, 69 S2 of S8 Table S2. -
Pollinator Limitation on Reproductive Success in Iris Tuberosa
Research Article Pollinator limitation on reproductive success in Iris tuberosa Giuseppe Pellegrino* Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, I-87036 Rende, Italy Received: 22 September 2014; Accepted: 8 December 2014; Published: 19 December 2014 Associate Editor: James F. Cahill Citation: Pellegrino G. 2015. Pollinator limitation on reproductive success in Iris tuberosa. AoB PLANTS 7: plu089; doi:10.1093/aobpla/plu089 Abstract. Variation in plant and floral size can have conflicting effects on pollination and fruit production in flower- ing plants. This research examines the contributions of plant height, flower size and pollinator visitation to reproduct- ive success in four populations of Iris tuberosa. The plants were pollinated exclusively by hymenopteran species, primarily during sunny days. Pollination supplementation increased the proportion of flowers that matured into fruit, with 95 % fruit set for hand-pollinated compared with 74.15 % for naturally pollinated flowers. The pollinator visitation rate and the proportion of fruit produced were not significantly different between tall and short plants or between small and large flowers. Furthermore, the increase in plant size and floral display did not increase the frequency of pollinator visitations and so did not increase the fruit set. Thus, despite the widespread effects of flower- ing plant size on pollinator attraction and plant reproduction in other species, these effects are lacking in I. tuberosa. This study quantifies the role of pollinators in the reproductive success of I. tuberosa. Pollinators visited tall/short plants and large/small flowers in equal proportion, suggesting that plant and floral display size do not affect pollinator attraction and reproductive success in I. -
Iris Section Oncocyclus) and Identification of Flower Development Genes
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/680363; this version posted June 23, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. De novo Transcriptome Characterization of Royal Iris (Iris section Oncocyclus) and Identification of Flower Development Genes Bar-Lev Yamit1, Senden Esther1, Pasmanik-Chor Metsada2 and Sapir Yuval1 1 The Botanical Garden, School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, G.S. Wise Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Israel 2 Bioinformatics Unit, G.S. Wise Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel Bar-Lev Yamit [email protected], 972-3-6407354, Author for correspondence Senden Esther [email protected] Pasmanik-Chor Metsada [email protected] Sapir Yuval [email protected] Acknowledgements We thank the Technion Genome Center for technical assistance and the Bioinformatics Core Facility at Ben-Gurion University for their assistance in the bioinformatics analysis. We thank N. Kane for the Perl script for mining SSRs from transcriptome sequences. This research was funded by the Israel Science Foundation (grant No. 336/16). 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/680363; this version posted June 23, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. -
De Novo Transcriptome Characterization of Iris Atropurpurea (The Royal Iris, Iris Section Oncocyclus) and Phylogenetic Analysis
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/680363; this version posted September 15, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. De novo Transcriptome Characterization of Iris atropurpurea (the Royal Iris, Iris section Oncocyclus) and Phylogenetic Analysis of MADS-box and R2R3- MYB Gene Families Bar-Lev Yamit1, Senden Esther1, Pasmanik-Chor Metsada2, and Sapir Yuval1 1 The Botanical Garden, School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, G.S. Wise Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Israel 2 Bioinformatics Unit, G.S. Wise Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel Bar-Lev Yamit [email protected], 972-3-6407354, Author for correspondence Senden Esther [email protected] Pasmanik-Chor Metsada [email protected] Sapir Yuval [email protected] Acknowledgments We thank the Technion Genome Center for technical assistance and the Bioinformatics Core Facility at Ben-Gurion University for their assistance in the bioinformatics analysis. We thank N. Kane for the Perl script for mining SSRs from transcriptome sequences. This research was funded by the Israel Science Foundation to YS (grant No. 336/16). 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/680363; this version posted September 15, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. -
Complex Ex Situ - in Situ Approach for Conservation of Endangered Plant Species and Its Application to Iris Atrofusca of the Northern Negev
A peer-reviewed open-access journal BioRisk 3: 137–160Complex (2009) ex situ - in situ approach for conservation of endangered plant species... 137 doi: 10.3897/biorisk.3.5 RESEARCH ARTICLE www.pensoftonline.net/biorisk Biodiversity & Ecosystem Risk Assessment Complex ex situ - in situ approach for conservation of endangered plant species and its application to Iris atrofusca of the Northern Negev Sergei Volis1, Michael Blecher2, Yuval Sapir3 1 Life Sciences Department, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Israel 2 Ein Gedi Nature Reserve, Israel Na- ture and Parks Authority, Israel 3 Porter School for Environmental Studies and Department of Plant Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel Corresponding author: Sergei Volis ([email protected]) Academic editors: L.J. Musselman, F. Krupp | Received 4 February 2009 | Accepted 14 December 2009 | Published 28 December 2009 Citation: Volis S, Blecher M, Sapir Y (2009) Complex ex situ - in situ approach for conservation of endangered plant species and its application to Iris atrofusca of the Northern Negev. In: Krupp F, Musselman LJ, Kotb MMA, Weidig I (Eds) Environment, Biodiversity and Conservation in the Middle East. Proceedings of the First Middle Eastern Biodiversity Congress, Aqaba, Jordan, 20–23 October 2008. BioRisk 3: 137–160. doi: 10.3897/biorisk.3.5 Abstract We introduce a novel approach for conservation of endangered plant species in which ex situ collections maintained in natural or semi-natural environment are a part of a complementary ex situ – in situ con- servation strategy. We provide detailed guidelines for 1) representative sampling of the populations; 2) collection maintenance; and 3) utilization for in situ actions. -
Local Adaptation in Four Iris Species Tested in a Common-Garden Experimentbij 1265 267..277
Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 98, 267–277. With 6 figures Local adaptation in four Iris species tested in a common-garden experimentbij_1265 267..277 MICHAEL DORMAN*, YUVAL SAPIR† and SERGEI VOLIS Life Sciences Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, PO Box 653, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel Received 11 February 2009; accepted for publication 25 March 2009 Local adaptation is a commonly observed result of natural selection acting in heterogeneous environment. Common-garden experiments are a method of detecting local adaptation, as well as studying phenotypic plasticity and gradients of traits. The present study aimed to analyse reaction norms of four closely-related Iris species of section Oncocyclus and to identify a role of environmentally-specific natural selection in their plastic responses. The plant vegetative and phenological, as well as performance traits were measured in a full factorial common-garden experiment with three levels of water amount and three soil types. We found a significant effect of species identity on all traits measured. Water amount and soil type affected many of the traits, but soil type did not affect the performance. There was no significant difference in the effect of water amount and soil type on performance as reflected by rhizome growth; in other words, there was no significant genotype ¥ environment interaction for performance. Plasticity levels and directions of response were also similar among the species. We conclude that phenotypic differences among species are of genetic origin, although no adaptive value was demonstrated for them at the time and life-stages ‘frame’ of this experiment. © 2009 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 2009, 98, 267–277. -
N. S. Volume LVIII ANNALI DI BOTANICA 2000 at This Meeting The
n. s. Volume LVIII ANNALI DI BOTANICA 2000 A PRELIMINARY LIST OF RARE OR ENDANGERED IRIDACEAE SPECIES At this meeting the importance of focussing on rare and endangered Iridaceae species in each country became evident. A complete check list of the conservation status of rare and endangered Irid a cea e species is not yet estabilished. Here we present (Appendix) the list of the World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC)* for rare and endangered Iridaceae, according to the IUCN categories. Some problems occur in listing rare and endangered species. For example, although in Israel legislation has protected all Iris species since 1964, so that we have now a complete list, this is not the case in other countries and for other genera. Furthermore, unsolved taxonomic problems confused the issue in some species and the exact distribution of others is still unknown. Here, we want to stimulate colleagues working on Irid a c e a e to send new information to the monitoring centre to improve the current red list. In Italy, we have species of bearded irises which are endangered because of animal and/or human influence. For example, in some areas of Italy, wild boar populations have been promoted to favour hunting, with resulting damage to Iris populations which have been rapidly reduced to a few individuals, as I. relicta Colas, on Monte delle Fate (Southern Lazio), because the boars dig up Iris rhizomes. In other areas, the intensive construction of houses has endangered some populations, for example, in the case of/, setina Colas. (Latina), a bearded Iris that flowers in February. -
Pollination of Oncocyclus Irises (Iris: Iridaceae) by Night-Sheltering Male Bees
Research Paper 417 Pollination of Oncocyclus irises (Iris: Iridaceae) by Night-Sheltering Male Bees Y. Sapir1,3, A. Shmida1, and G. Ne’eman2 1 Department of Evolution, Systematics and Ecology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel 2 Dept. of Biology, University of Haifa-Oranim, Tivon, 36006, Israel 3 Present address: Dept. of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA Received: January 24, 2005; Accepted: March 10, 2005 Abstract: Irises in the section Oncocyclus (Siems.) Baker (Iris: Iri- iting flowers proved to be their efficient pollinators (Kevan and daceae) grow throughout the Middle East and have large and Baker, 1983).Among the diverse groups of flower-visiting in- dark-coloured flowers but no nectar reward available to flower sects, bees are the best adapted and the most important group visitors. Consequently, no reward-collecting pollinators have of pollinators (Kevan and Baker, 1983; Proctor et al., 1996; been observed visiting the flowers during daytime. The only vis- O’Toole and Raw, 1999), and solitary bees consitute the vast itors are solitarymale bees ( Eucera spp.: Apidae) that enter the majority of bee species (Michener, 2000). flowers at dusk and staythere overnight. Here we describe the mating system of Oncocyclus irises, and the role of night-shelter- Bees are attracted to flowers mainly for the reward offered by ing male bees in their pollination system. Pollen viability in I. the flowers; this reward is mainly nectar and pollen, but other haynei on Mt. Gilboa was veryhigh (> 90%) throughout all floral types of rewards exist (Proctor et al., 1996). Bees use flowers life stages. -
Post-Zygotic Reproductive Isolation Among Populations of Iris Atropurpurea
Evolutionary Ecology Research, 2012, 14: 425–445 Post-zygotic reproductive isolation among populations of Iris atropurpurea: the effect of spatial distance among crosses and the role of inbreeding and outbreeding depression in determining niche width Yuval Sapir1 and Rupert Mazzucco2 1The Botanical Garden, Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel and 2Evolution and Ecology Program, Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria ABSTRACT Question: What is the role of inbreeding and outbreeding depression in creating spatial patterns of reproductive isolation among populations within a species? Hypothesis: A combination of inbreeding and outbreeding effects create an optimal crossing distance at which reproductive isolation is minimal. Organism: Iris atropurpurea Dinsm., an endangered and endemic Israeli plant, with a fragmented distribution throughout the coastal plain. Field sites: Two I. atropurpurea populations, one in the Shafdan dunes and one in the Netanya Iris Reserve, about 19 km south and north of Tel Aviv respectively, on the coastal plain in Israel. Methods: We performed artificial cross-pollination within and between populations of I. atropurpurea at various distances and measured seed germination and seedling survivorship. Results: Theoretical considerations led us to expect that inbreeding depression acts mostly at the small scale, and that higher offspring fitness is revealed at distances <10 km. Results of the experiment show that reproductive isolation acts differently in consequent stages of the hybrid life history. The pattern of total reproductive isolation among populations along a geographical axis showed different patterns in the two natural populations; whereas in the Netanya population no pattern appeared, in Shafdan we found a pattern of intermediate distance where reproductive isolation is the highest, and at short and long distances reproductive isolation is relaxed.