THE UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Public Disclosure Authorized

S U M M A R Y OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STUDY FOR PUBLIC WATER DRAINAGE BIOGRAD NA MORU

Public Disclosure Authorized

Public Disclosure Authorized

Public Disclosure Authorized

ZAGREB, NOVEMER, 2003

ORDERED BY: HRVATSKE VODE ZAGREB, Ulica grada Vukovara 220

CONTRACTOR: UNIVERSITY OF ZAGREB FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING ZAGREB, Fra Andrije Kačića Miošića 26

PROJECT NAME: SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STUDY OF PUBLIC DRAINAGE SYSTEM – BIOGRAD NA MORU

PROJECT STAGE: STUDY

PROJECT MARK: 120-S-220

PROJECT MANAGER: DOC. DR. SC. DAVOR MALUS

IN ZAGREB, NOVEMBER, 2003 HEAD OF HYDROTECHNICS INSTITUTE:

PROF. DR. SC. MARKO PRŠIĆ

C o n t e n ts

1. Purpose of Project Implementation...... 1 2. Legal and Administration Frames...... 1 3. Description of Project ...... 2 4. Basic Data…...... ….. 6 4.1. Climatic Conditions ...... 6 4.2. Oceanologic Data ...... 6 4.3. Geologic and Seismologic Data ...... 7 4.4. Bioecologic and Landscape Data ...... 7 4.5. Sociologic and Urban Data ...... 8 4.6. Data on Protected Nature and Cultural Heritage ...... 8 5. Overview of Environmental Impact...... 8 5.1. Impacts in Course of Plant Construction...... 8 5.2. Impacts in Course of Plant Operation...... 9 5.3. Impacts upon the End of Operation ...... 11 5.4. Impacts in Case of Ecological Accidents...... 11 5.5. Risk Assessment....…...... 12 6. Analysis of Alternative Solutions…...... 12 7. Environment Protection Measures...... 13 7.1. Protection in Course of Construction...... 13 7.2. Protection During the Operation...... 15 7.3. Protection upon the End of Operation...... 17 7.4. Protection in case of Ecological Accidents...... 17 8. Environment Management...... 18 9. Program of Environment Status Monitoring...... 21 9.1. Program of Seawater Quality Monitoring...... 22 9.2. Program of Air Monitoring...... 23 9.3. Noise Level Monitoring...... 23 9.4. Monitoring of Flora and Fauna...... 24 10. Enclosures...... 24 10.1. List of Authors of the Study...... 24 10.2. References...... 25 Laws and Other Regulations...... 25 Studies and Designs...... 25 10.3. Overview of Meetings...... 26

S U M M A R Y

1. Purpose of the Project

In the area of Biograd na moru wastewater is discharged into the coastal sea untreated or insufficiently treated, thus polluting the sea, endangering human health and reducing biodiversity of the sea ecosystem.

By construction of a public drainage system, including a wastewater treatment plant in Biograd, further pollution and deterioration of sea water quality will be prevented in the greater area of the town.

Treated wastewater shall be let by a submarine outfall into the Vrgadski channel, to dilute by means of a diffuser in the mass of cleaner sea water, and then the sea- and wastewater mix will be conveyed to the open sea.

2. Legal and Administration Frames

The State Plan for water protection (Official gazette - NN 8/99) that is based on the Water Management Act (Zakon o vodama) (NN 107/95), includes designing and construction of public drainage systems, including plants and outfalls as measures for prevention and reducing of water pollution. Treatment degree as well as limit value of treated wastewater indicators are defined by Regulations on limit values of indicators of hazardous and other matter in waste water (NN 40/99; 06/01). The Regulations are in conformity with the Council Directive concerning urban Waste Water treatment (91/271/EEC). The planned capacity of the Plant in Biograd is:

- 23.730 PE in the first construction stage - 47.460 PE in the second construction stage

The Vrgadski channel, as receptor of treated wastewater of Biograd, is classified as less susceptible area (according to the Operation Manual - Safeguard policies).

Art. 3, of the Regulations (NN 06/01), for stages I. and II. of the Plant construction stipulates that: the first (I.) treatment degree is necessary.

Construction of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Biograd is in conformity with the Convention on the Mediterranean Sea protection from pollution, as well as with the Protocol on the Mediterranean Sea protection from pollution from the land (International treaties, NN 1/90), whose signatory is Republic of Croatia.

According to The Law on Municipal Management (NN 36/95) local administration units are liable to undertake measures to preserve and protect the environment and provide for a continuous and high quality municipal services, in which, according to Art. 3, of the Law, are included "drainage and wastewater treatment ".

3. Description of Project

The public drainage system of Biograd consists of: - Network of sewers collecting wastewater from consumers, - Wastewater main channels conveying wastewater from sewers to the plant, - Pump stations with pressure piping by which wastewater is pumped from lower areas to higher ones where gravity running of sewers and main channels takes place - Wastewater treatment plant, - Submarine outfall through which treated wastewater is let to the sea.

General conception of the public drainage system is defined in the Preliminary Design of the Biograd Riviera wastewater drainage (Water management organization, 1990.).

According to the solutions specified therein, the main wastewater channels are approximately in parallel with the coast line, at levels that enable gravity running from the settlement Sveti Petar na moru (north-west) to Drage (south-east). Parts of Biograd that are situated between the main channels and the sea shore, will be provided with separate sewer network that gravitate to the pump stations of minor

sub-basins. From the pump stations wastewater will be, by means of pressure piping, conveyed to the main channels.

The public wastewater system will be constructed in two stages.

In the first stage a part of the system would be constructed, from Turanj (north-west) to Pakoštane (south-east). In this period the central wastewater treatment plant in area Kumenat would be constructed. Simultaneously, the submarine outfall would be constructed from the cape Dominis toward the open sea of the Vrgadski channel. The site of the outfall divides the whole public drainage system into two subsystems, i.e. the north one and the south one.

In the north subsystem parts of drainage network already exist that could be connected to the main channel of the first stage.

In the second stage extension of the System is planned, and this in the north subsystem, from Turanj to Sveti Petar na moru; in the south subsystem, from Pakoštane to Drage.

Sites of different structures of the system are in conformity with the Physical Plan documentation.

According to Regulations (NN 06/01) limit values of waste substance indicators, i.e. minimum decrease of input wastewater load for the First stage of treatment amounts as follows:

Indicator Limit value Minimum decrease of input load Total suspended substance 150 mg/l 50

The Preliminary Design of drainage provides for possibility of increasing the number of drainage system users, by connecting the tourist settlement Tustice to the north Subsystem. In this case the Plant capacity would be 53.660 PE, hence, according to the Regulations, both the first and the second degree of treatment would be necessary. However, in conformity with interpretation of the State Water Protection

Act, the planned treatment degree must be installed in the plant when at least 70% of total water consumers are connected. Until connecting all the 70% users, it is possible to construct a plant of lower treatment degree.

The coastal sea of the Vrgadski channel is intended for bathe and water sports. For this purpose the coastal zone 200 m wide is reserved, i.e. to distance from the coast till which boats are allowed to sail at full speed. On the border line of that protected zone sea water quality should satisfy the values of indicators defined by Regulation on beach water quality standards (NN 33/96).

Taking into account the wastewater treatment effect of the Plant (stage I.), as well as the initial attenuation on diffuser, and subsequent dispersion and micro-organism perishing in wastewater and sea water mix, as well as the "natural pollution" of sea water, values of different indicators in the protected zone will be as follows:

Indicator Concentrations Before the After At the border Allowed Plant treatment line of protected zone

BOD-5 mg O 2/l 220 165 2,20 2-4

COD mg O2/l 440 330 4,40 4-8 S.S. mg/l 250 107 0,097 0,0 b.c./100 ml 108 107 308 500

Allowed concentrations are in accordance with the Regulations on water classification (NN 77/98), that concerns sea protection from pollution originating from the land and from the islands.

On the WWTP the following will be separated: - Solids from liquids directly or indirectly, upon transformation of diluted substance into solids, - Liquefied matter - Gasses from water.

A part of solids in dispersed state, as well as the part developed upon liquid transformation into solids, are called «wastewater sludge ".

Waste substance from the Plant should be preliminarily treated and finally deposited in the manner that has no undesired impact on the environment.

In conformity with the Regulations on kind of waste (NN 27/1996), the waste from grates and screens (key no. 190801) may be deposited on a sanitary landfill. Before depositing, such waste shall be strained and put into plastic bags, thus preventing its undesired impact on the environment.

Sludge treatment procedures are considered depending on possibilities of its final tipping. In choosing the treatment procedure, the main objectives were set, i.e. reducing of volume and a safe disposal, without any harmful impact on the environment.

The Preliminary Design proposes that the treated sludge be finally deposited on the sanitary landfill.

Sludge deposited on the landfill shall be previously stabilized.

In the Preliminary Design of the Plant, chemical stabilization of sludge is proposed, by using limestone.

According to data stated in the Preliminary Design, construction costs for the public drainage system in stage I. of construction, amount as follows:

- Main gravitation channels 25.370.000,00 kn - Pressure pippins 5.127.000,00 kn - Pump stations 5.300.000,00 kn - Treatment plant 24.100.000,00 kn - Submarine outfall 12.000.000,00 kn

4. Basic Data

4.1.Climatic Conditions

Meteorological and climatic conditions at the Plant site were processed based on measured and processed data of the Weather Reporting Station of Zadar.

Average annual air temperatures are measured and amount as follows:

- mean 14,8oC - highest annual maximum 38,6oC - lower annual minimum -11,5oC

Average annual precipitation: 949 mm.

Maximum precipitation in one day: 209 mm.

Maximum precipitation quantity is registered in autumn-winter period, especially in October and November.

On the observed area wind velocities up to 2 Bf are predominant. It was noticed that winds from N and NE directions prevail in winter and those of NW direction in summer.

4.2.Oceanologic Data

Receiver of wastewater from Biograd is the Vrgadski channel.

The Vrgadski channel is situated in direction south-east – north-west between the land and the island Vrgada. The channel is 10 km long, 3-4 km wide, its depth is up to 35 m at its south-east part and up to 30 m at its north-west part.

Dynamics of the Vrgadski channel is typical for channel areas of the East Adriatic, with predominating "two-layer" streaming. Average sea stream velocity amounts to 9 cm/s.

Thermocline appears in late summer, and by warming up of the sea it penetrates deeper, to about 15 m in September.

Average sea transparency amounts to about 9 m measured by means of white Secchi plate.

Distribution if phytoplankton species and the population density is usual for channel areas. Within benthos communities were not found species that indicate an increased contamination or sea eutrophication.

Researches undertaken so far about nutritious salts in the area of the Vrgadski channel show that their concentration is considerably lower than in the majority of other seas and oceans.

Contents of bacteria of faecal origin is not above the limits allowed for the sea envisaged for recreation.

4.3.Geologic and Seismologic Data

Greater area of Biograd lies on limestone formation.

In construction of public drainage system structures it is necessary to respect the relevant regulations for construction in seismic regions. For the return period of 200 years maximum earthquake intensity is within 7o MCS scale.

4.4.Bioecologic and Landscape Data

The Plant site area belongs to parts of devastated ecosystem.

There are no special segments of biocaenosis on the location that should be protected. Nevertheless, due attention shall be paid in construction of the Plant structures, to avoid that the new structures disturb the general aspect of the area.

4.5.Sociologic and Urban Data

To the public drainage system will be connected wastewater of all the settlements, including the tourist zones.

From the sociologic aspect, construction of public drainage system for all the population and users of the system means a considerable improvement of life conditions, therefore, a general acceptance of the proposed project may be expected.

The Plant would be situated out of the urban area, therefore it would be necessary to construct the Plant connections to the utility infrastructure network.

Access by road is possible from the road Biograd - Drage.

For water supply of the Plant will be used the water supply service within area of Crvena Luka.

Electric power supply will be provided by construction of a transmission line and a substation, with connection to the existing transformer stations of Crvena Luka.

4.6. Data Concerning Protected Nature and Cultural Heritage

At the Plant location there are no registered cultural monuments or nature heritage, or a registered archaeological site.

However, when constructing, it is necessary to pay attention to possible traces that might indicate the existence of cultural monuments or archaeological finds..

5. Overview of Environmental Impact

5.1.Impacts in Course of the Plant Construction

Operation of machines and use of vehicles in course of the construction may continuously or occasionally exceed the noise level allowed at the residential zone border.

In course of earthworks and other works increased amount of dust may be produced, that, in unfavourable weather conditions (wind) may pollute the atmosphere in the surrounding area.

Due to machine operation, as well as due to traffic of vehicles, atmosphere may get polluted by exhaust gasses.

By scattering material from vehicles to the road carriageway, as well as when tipping the excess of excavated material on areas not prepared as landfill, soil may be contaminated.

When opening new borrow pits for stone material for the structures, unfavourable impacts on the environment may occur.

When digging ditches for the outfall, sea may get polluted and its turbidity increased; also, small dispersed particles may be conveyed by streams and settled out of the intervention area.

During the construction , trees and other vegetation may be cut.

When executing submarine works, parts of benthos communities will perish, and nutrition of pelagic communities will be disturbed.

During the construction, and in particular when blasting, the neighbouring buildings and utility installations may be damaged.

5.2.Impact in Course of the Plant Operation

Due to composition and concentration of waste substances in wastewater, odour- forming compounds can appear in wastewater treatment installations as well as on reloading pump stations. Odour-forming substances may be the following: - Nitrogen compounds (ammonium, amines), - Sulphur compounds (hydrogen-sulphide, mercaptans), - hydrocarbons (solvents and others), - organic acids.

Odour-forming compounds may appear on following parts of the public drainage system: - raw water pump station, - grates, screens, - sludge thickeners, - sludge strainers, - sludge pump stations, - overspills from different tanks - sludge storage and reloading tanks. Odour-forming substances may also appear on deaeration hole of the submarine outfall.

Wastewater percolation to the soil may occur on junctions of channel and tanks, as well as on other points, due to cracks appearing on the structures, as well as from operating surfaces at loading spots for solids, including sludge

Wastewater percolation into the sea is possible on submarine outfall cracks, as well as on damaged parts of the piping.

Insects, in particular in warm period of the year, may appear on all still water surfaces, in tanks, in wastewater pools, on operating or green areas.

Noise of higher intensity may occur in following parts of the system: - pump stations, - compressor station, - sludge dewatering machines.

Flora and fauna of the existing land habitats will change. A part of existing macchia covered surfaces shall be replaced by solid constructed surfaces. Due to changed living conditions, some species will leave their former habitats.

On still water surfaces of some parts of the Plant (precipitation tanks) birds (seagulls) may gather. Due to soiling, considerable pollution around the Plant is possible.

In close vicinity of dispersing unit, change of benthos communities is possible Land value in immediate surroundings of the Plant may considerably decrease, as the Plant is situated near the tourist zone.

The sea coast may be under influence of sea pollution and unavailable for planned purposes (leisure, sports) including housing and tourist construction projects.

The coastal sea may be polluted and be unavailable for bathe, water sports; health of the population could also be in danger.

Tipping of waste substances from the Plant could provoke undesirable consequences for the environment, such as odours, insects, hazard for people and animals.

5.3. Impacts After the End of the Plant Operation

Wastewater treatment plants are solid structures, therefore no impact is expected in the period after the end of its operation.

5.4. Impact in Case of Ecological Accidents

Due to “Force Majeure” (destructive earthquakes, war destruction) parts of the public drainage system may be destructed. Wastewater would be let untreated to the sea, and watercourse quality state would decrease, up to former state, and perhaps the pollution may be even more serious.

Due to “stoppage ” of different parts of the Plant wastewater treatment efficiency may be lower, consequently, this would result in increased sea pollution, for a brief period, in the Vrgadski channel.

The submarine outfall may be damaged and wastewater discharged to inappropriate spots.

If high density polyethylene pipes are used for submarine outfall construction, the piping may from time to time rise from the seabed and float on the surface.

Failure on electric installations or on electric machines may cause minor fire, considering the construction material and the manner of constructing the plant and the pump stations.

Gasses let out from wastewater surfaces have corrosion effect on unprotected parts of metal, which may provoke disturbances in efficiency, thus resulting in an ecological accident.

5.5.Risk Assessment

Probability of an ecological accident due to “Force Majeure” in peacetime circumstances is relatively low.

Accidents may be expected from time to time, due to “stoppage of operation". Consequence for the environment are assessed to be of moderate intensity and short duration, so that, as a general assessment it may be defined as «acceptable level of risk »

6. Analysis of Alternative Solutions

In the Design Documentation an alternative solution was considered, by which construction of several public drainage systems was envisaged, as follows: - Sveti Petar na moru, - Sveti Filip i Jakov for village Turanj, - Biograd na moru with tourist settlement Crvena Luka, - Pakoštane, - Drage.

For the first two drainage systems discharge was planned into the Pašman bay, defined as a susceptible area (according to the Operation Manual - Safeguard policies) so that it may be necessary to envisage in future the Stage II. of treatment. Other three systems would discharge treated wastewater into the Vrgadski channel that is "less susceptible" area.

In the Designing Documents construction costs were estimated, as well as operation and maintenance costs for both alternatives.

It was estimated that the construction costs of public drainage system would amount as follows

- Solution with one system 102.966.000,00 kn - Solution with five systems 106.744.000,00 kn

Annual operation and maintenance costs are estimated as follows - Solution with one system 6.075.000,00 kn - Solution with five systems 6.302.000,00 kn.

These alternatives were further evaluated from the viewpoint of environmental protection, and it was estimated that the solution with one system and outfall into a "less susceptible" area is more favourable than the solution with five systems where wastewater from two of them (although treated) would be let into a "susceptible area". It is to be pointed out that at sites where the outfalls Sveti Petar and Sveti Filip i Jakov are planned, sea depth is 14 m, and that, according to the provisions of the State Plan for water protection, such outfalls cannot be taken as "submarine outfalls" but as "coastal outfalls".

From sociological viewpoint, two outlets in the Pašmanski channel would be a less favourable solution, the more so considering a series of islets in the channel and the possibility that mixed wastewater and seawater appear on the surface, and reach the island and islet beaches that are recreation spots in summer. Namely, with a relatively small sea depth one cannot expect a significant stratification of the water column.

After evaluation of the proposed alternatives from sociological and economic viewpoints, as well as considering the environmental protection and the possibility of construction in stages, it was concluded that the solution with one drainage system is more acceptable, so that this solution was proposed for further elaboration of the designing documentation.

7. Environment Protection Measures

7.1.Protection in Course of Construction

The Contractor shall elaborate a Design for site noise protection.

The Contractor shall undertake protection measures that prevent or reduce producing of dust, and atmosphere pollution, including water spraying of dusty material that could produce dust during its transport.

Machines and vehicles used in construction shall be under permanent supervision as to quantity and quality of exhaust gasses, all in conformity with allowed values.

It is not allowed to excessively load vehicles with excavated material as this may cause scattering during the transport. It is not allowed to tip material on illegal tipping areas.

The Contractor shall use existing quarries when constructing the structures; in case of new quarries permits shall be obtained for their opening.

For excavation of outfall duct, the Contractor shall apply such method of work that reduces to minimum creation of water turbidity. When blasting, the Contractor shall use a method that has minimum negative impact on biocenosis in the sea. Excavated material from the seabed can be transported to the open sea, in conformity with permission given by the competent authorities. These works shall not be undertaken during the tourist season, but, for instance, in winter and in early spring.

During the construction, the Contractor shall protect all the trees and plants whose cutting is not indispensable for the structure location.

Submarine works shall be undertaken on imperatively restricted seabed surfaces.

In executing the works, the Contractor shall protect the existing structures and installations from pollution. In case of cutting one of the utility installations, including a home connection, the Contractor shall, within the shortest time, repair such damage, according to instructions and under the supervision of the relevant municipal service.

Upon completion of the construction, the Contractor shall clean the site, and bring all the surfaces into previous state, according to the landscape design.

7.2. Protective Measures During Operation

For environment protection from odour-forming compounds it is necessary to cover at least the following parts of the System: - raw water and sludge pumping stations - grates and screens, - sludge thickeners, - sludge strainers, - areas where waste from grates and strained sludge are stored. In enclosed premises under-pressure shall be kept, and polluted air shall be cleaned prior to its letting into the atmosphere. According to By-law on recommended and limit values of air quality (NN 10/96) on the bordering line of the Plant site the following values shall not be exceeded (24 h): Ammonium 70 µg/m3 Hydrogen-sulphide 2 µg/m3 Mercaptans 1 µg/m3

In landscaping, a sufficiently wide strip of high coniferous trees shall be planted by the Plant border, which will contribute to environment protection from odours.

To protect the environment from possible odours, it is necessary to install at the deaerating hole an active coal filter at air outlet from the hole.

For ground water protection from wastewater percolation, ducts, holes and tanks shall have watertight joints. By calculation and design, appearance of cracks on wastewater and waste substance tanks shall be prevented, taking also into account the undesirable impacts of earthquake. For all working and traffic surfaces water discharge system shall be provided for, and regular cleaning-washing of these surfaces granted.

Treated wastewater shall be discharged into the sea taking care that in every moment designed hydraulic attenuation is achieved. In choosing the pipe material for the outlet, water tightness and strength of joints shall be imposed. In a shallow sea, up to the depth of wave impact, to be defined by calculation, the sea outfall shall be dug into a trench in the seabed, and concreted, provided that the upper trench surface is not higher than the surrounding seabed. The free part of the piping shall be secured from possible pulling by fishnets or anchors.

Protection against insects, in addition to above stated measures, shall also be provided as early as designing stage of the Plant, by preventing creation of “dead angles”, i.e. still water surface.

Water retention on all the surfaces, including communication areas shall be prevented, by adequate grades and gully traps.

For noise protection, all the machines producing intensive noise shall be placed in enclosed premises. The structure design shall include checking of noise level and impose installation of additional protection material. At the Plant site border the highest allowed noise level by day is 55 dBA, and by night 45 dBA, i.e. not more than the former state, according to the Regulations on highest allowed noise level in places where people work and live (NN 37/90) art. 6. item 3.

For flora and fauna protection around the Plant, landscaping design shall be elaborated. Consequently, prior to starting the Plant operation, the whole area shall be landscaped (according to approved design) in order to prevent creation of a “cultural desert ”.

For hygienic work conditions, and for keeping the Plant surroundings clean, construction measures shall be applied to reduce birds (seagulls) presence on the Plant.

Structures of the Plant shall be of appropriate form. Some of the structures shall be roofed, with aeration and purification of exhaust gas. Further measures to be undertaken due to decreased value of the area are: maintaining cleanliness and, in general, tidiness of the whole area with the aim to considerably attenuate possible aesthetically unpleasant appearance.

It is not allowed to let treated wastewater by the coastal outfall.

At the end of the submarine outfall a sprayer shall be provided, for the purpose of auto-cleaning procedure, i.e. initial attenuation and subsequent spraying. Before letting water into the sea, the Stage I of wastewater treatment shall be applied. It is not allowed to chlorinate wastewater. Wastewater concentration values at the Plant outlet shall not exceed the values allowed for Stage I of treatment, according to

Regulations on limit values of hazardous and other substances in waste water (NN 40/99, 06/2000).

On the borderline of sea intended for bathe and water sports, seawater quality and in particular micro-organism values shall be in accordance with allowed values defined by the Regulation on beach water quality standards (NN 33/96).

Waste substance from grates – screens shall be collected in enclosed tanks and daily transported to a tip of first category, in conformity with Regulations on waste management (NN 123/97). Stabilized sludge, free from water surplus, shall be collected in separate tanks and transported to a tip of first category (according to Regulations on waste management) in case it is not used in agriculture.

7.3. Measures After the End of Plant Operation

Special measures for environment protection are not envisaged, since the wastewater treatment plants are structures designed for permanent use.

7.4. Protective Measures in Case of Ecological Accident

To alleviate consequences of ecological accidents due to “force majeure” construction of the plant shall be designed in minimum two independent technological process or operable structures, interconnected by a set of channels and gates.

Power supply to the plant and pumping stations shall be provided from at least two independent power sources.

To alleviate and prevent consequences of ecological accidents occurred due to the plant “stoppage”, in addition to above stated measures, the plant shall have installed system of continuous monitoring to control water quantity and quality at inflow and discharge.

Treated water shall be let through the submarine outfall to the Vrgadski channel, to provide for an additional auto-cleaning of water.

Fire extinguishers shall be provided on adequate places as fire fighting measures in case of fire on electric installations and machines. In addition to these fire fighting measures, outdoor hydrant network shall be provided for on the whole Plant area, in conformity with Regulations on technical standards for fire fighting hydrant network.

For protection against corrosion by exhaust gasses and vapours, all metal parts on the plant and pumping stations shall be made of corrosion resistant metal, i.e. protected against corrosion.

8. Environment Management

According to the Water Management Act, the state and local waters management is the duty of Hrvatske vode. Within the frame of water protection, duty of the "Hrvatske vode" includes: monitoring and establishing quality of water, organization of the State water protection plan implementation, harmonization of water protection plans in local administration units with plans of other persons concerning investment into water protection and follow-up of their realization, as well as undertaking measures for preventing water pollution and for sanitation of polluted waters.

Based on the Law on Municipal Management, local administration units deal with public utility activities, among which operation and maintenance of public drainage system, including wastewater treatment.

As wastewater treatment plant does not exist in Biograd, there is no experience in its management.

Public drainage system management means, in an acceptable manner, simultaneous and appropriate environmental management.

Public drainage system management includes a series of procedures and actions referring to:

- financing, - selection of equipment, - environment protection, - staff training, - public relations.

Public drainage system management is dependent on its financing. In general, there is a possibility to construct a plant partly by own means, including the use of water protection funds, then, in greater or smaller part by loans granted by local, foreign and international creditors, by giving concession for the system construction, or, in general, by applying the BOT procedure In any case, total annual operation costs, i.e. costs of construction, operation and maintenance shall be known in advance, i.e. prior to starting the construction, so as to evaluate the reality and prudence of construction of each part of the system. It is necessary to point out that the construction price of the public drainage system should include all indirect and direct works, it means the costs indispensable for the system operation.

Maintenance of equipment and devices is essential for a safe operation of a public drainage system. For this reason, it is necessary, as early as the time of choosing the equipment, to take into consideration the safety and simplicity of the offered equipment, as well as the possibility of spare parts procurement, and in general servicing by the equipment supplier.

The investment maintenance may be organized in own workshops or contracted with an appropriate company, which may include the equipment supplier, especially considering the spare parts procurement. Technological process management means such organization of the work that grants in any moment that all the operations and procedures develop toward reaching of the system construction objectives. This includes monitoring of water input and outlet from different processes, as well as monitoring of sludge quality and quantity.

For every operation and procedure, the management shall be defined in advance, both for the case of a regular flow of substances and energy, as well as for the case of important oscillations, emergencies and stoppage. Continuous records of all input and output values on different parts of the system will serve, among other things, for improvement of technological process management.

The system management means the maintenance of environment monitoring sub- system, and especially monitoring of air, sea and ground water, as well as noise.

Results of control and monitoring of different segments of the environment shall be kept, and be at disposal of authorized services.

Technicians charged with system operation and maintenance, and in particular that of pumping stations, shall be professional and trained for such jobs. Regardless of the fact who will be charged with management, it is necessary, as early as the construction, and then at the operation beginning, to start with professional training of the staff to be charged with maintenance and control of public drainage system.

Special skill is required from technicians that will work with machines. Permanent training of the staff, including shorter courses, is a prerequisite for a good starting of the Plant and pumping stations. For health protection of the employees, as well as for their better look, all the employees shall wear during the operation working clothes, and, if necessary, protective glasses, gloves and other protection articles. To maintain the health conditions, the working clothes and protection equipment shall be stored in a room close to the room where workers wash and change upon the end of their shift.

The employees shall be acquainted with all protective measures at work, with possible dangers, and with the manner of acting in case of unforeseen and undesirable events. At least of one employee shall be trained to offer the first aid. Courses shall be held from time to time about giving the first aid and about safety at work. This will enable working with minimum of accidents.

Considering the susceptibility of public regarding the environment protection, it is necessary to provide for a continuous participation of the public in the system management procedure. As early as taking decision about construction of the system, participation of public shall be secured.

One should face the fact that education level of citizens as regards the technological process of treatment is relatively low. Under the influence of general tendencies for preserving own health, as well as for a healthy environment, citizens show a keen interest in activities related to environment protection, and oppose to every disturbance of their closer and greater surroundings.

For all these reasons, co-operation with the public is necessary, therefore citizens should be allowed to express their wishes and standpoints regarding the improvement of the system management, i.e. protection of the environment.

One of the current manners of addressing to public is the issuance of special booklets, sketched overviews, as well as keeping of lectures and courses.

Within the system maintenance it is necessary to have one person trained for public relations. It is necessary to define the manner of collecting comments and proposals from citizens about operation of the Plant, and securing a feedback to the public about measures undertaken concerning their proposals.

9. Program of Environmental Monitoring

In course of construction as well as during the operation of the public drainage system, it is necessary to monitor and observe the environmental situation, so as to detect a possible unfavourable and undesirable impacts.

Results of such monitoring will be used for possible additional environmental protection measures, in case of increased requirements for quality level of certain parts of the environment, or in case the planned protection measures are not efficient.

This Study includes a proposal for general environment monitoring program. Separate implementation programs shall be prepared within the System Design. Further, this Study does not include programs of observing and measuring applied for technological process of the Plant, but only the impact of the plant operation on the environment.

Program of environmental monitoring shall include the following parts: - sea water, - air, - noise, - flora and fauna.

9.1. Program of Seawater Quality Monitoring

Program of seawater quality monitoring has for the purpose observing impact of submarine outfall functioning.

Two monitoring stations are designed: - at 300 m distance from the outfall toward the coast, - at 200 m distance from the coast

Following indicators shall be measured: - pH - temperature (oC) - salinity (‰) - limpidity (m) - suspended matter (mg/l)

- BOD-5 (mg O2/l) - COD – Mn (mg O2/l) - Dissolved oxygen (mg O2/l) - Mineral oils (mg/l) - ammonium (mg N/l) - nitrites (mg N/l) - nitrates (mg N/l) - total nitrogen (mg N/l) - total phosphorus (mg P/l) - chlorophyll “a” (mg/m3) - total coliform bacteriae (b.c/100 ml) - faecal coliforma (f.c/100 ml).

Test samples for water shall be taken once a month, throughout the year.

According to the good laboratory practice, it is necessary to preserve the samples, i.e. to minimize their change, from sample taking time to their testing. For testing of water quality, standard methods shall be applied, i.e. those prescribed by the Regulation on water classification (OFF.GAZ. 77/98) and other methods prescribed by the State Institution for standardization.

Monitoring of sea water quality shall start at least one year prior to starting the outfall construction, to enable comparison of these data with the sea water state upon starting of submarine outfall operation.

9.2.Program of Air Monitoring

Impact of the Plant operation on ambient air quality shall be monitored in the station situated close to the south border of the Plant.

Following indicators will be observed according to the Program of monitoring the Plant impacts on the air: - Wind direction and velocity (m/s), - Air temperature (oC), - Humidity in air (%), - rainfalls (mm/min), 3 - ammonium (mg NH3/m ), 3 - hydrogen-sulphide (mg H2S/m ), 3 - mercaptans (mg C2H5SH/m ).

Samples will be tested applying the standard methods, i.e. according to the methods prescribed by the State Institution for Standardization. Minimum number of samples is 4 per year, uniformly distributed in course of the year.

Monitoring of atmosphere situation shall start at least one year prior to starting the Plant operation, in order to detect impact of other air polluters in the Plant surroundings.

9.3.Monitoring of Noise Level

Provided that appropriate protective measures are applied, noise level is not to increase in the area of the Plant or of pumping stations above the values allowed for residential zones, according to art.6. of the Regulations on maximum allowed noise level in populated areas and environment.

To confirm the above assumptions, it is proposed to measure noise level at the south border of the Plant. Noise level (dBA) measurement would be made by day and by night, during work days. Four measurings a year are proposed, starting one year before the Plant is put into operation and continuing five years thereupon.

9.4.Monitoring of Flora and Fauna

It is not expected that the Plant will have an unfavourable impact on flora and fauna of communities in its greater surroundings. However, to avoid subsequent discussions about “hazards” for ambient living world caused by the Plant operation, it is proposed that special monitoring programs should be prepared, and that such monitoring starts after the Plant construction. During the construction, physical conditions of habitats will change in the Plant area, and the biocaenosis shall also undergo changes.

By landscaping of the Plant area, new conditions for habitats shall be created, as well as new biocaenosis.

It is proposed to prepare a program that would include: - Exploring growth and development of plants in the Plant area, - Exploring of benthos (composition and numerousness of species in biocaenosis) on the section from the cape Gnalić on island Pašman to the cape Dominis on the shore.

Sample taking, the subject of testing as well as its methods shall be defined according to an exhaustive program of biologic monitoring.

10. Attachments

10.1. List of Authors of the Study

The present Summary is based on the Environmental Impact Study for the Plant Kumenat, and was prepared in 1995 by: • Hidroconsult d. o. o. Rijeka mr. sc. Petar Marijan I. Brozović, B.C.E.

R. Štiglić, B.C.E. D. Hlavica, B.C.E.

10.2. References

Laws and other Regulations - Environmental Protection Act, Off.Gaz. 82/94., OFF.GAZ. 128/99. - Water Act, Off.Gaz. 107/95. - Public Utilities Management Act, Off.Gaz. 36/95. - Waste Act, Off.Gaz. 34/95. - Air Protection Act, Off.Gaz. 48/95. - National Water Protection Plan, Off.Gaz. 8/99. - Regulation on Environmental Impact Assessment, Off.Gaz 59/2000. - By-law on Recommended and Limit Values of Air Quality, Off.Gaz. 101/96. - Regulation of Water Classification, Off.Gaz. 77/98. - Regulation on Beach Water Quality Standards, Off.Gaz. 33/96. - By-law on Hazardous Substances in Waters, Off.Gaz. 78/98. - Regulation on the Highest AllowedNoise Levels in Places where People Work and Live, Off.Gaz. 37/90. - Regulation on Agricultural Land Protection against Harmful Matters, Off.Gaz. 15/92. - Regulation on Kinds of Waste, Off.Gaz. 27/1996. - Regulation on Waste Management, Off.Gaz. 123/1997. - Regulations on Limit Values of Indicators of Hazardous and Other Matter in Waste Waters, Off.Gaz. 40/99, 06/01. - Council Directive of 21 May 1991 concerning urban waste water treatment, O. J. No.L. 135/40, 1991. - The Herald of the City of Zadar, No. 11/95.

Studies and Designs - Balić, Z.; Daničić, J.; Ostojić, Ž.:Water protection from pollution in integral water management – Directive for implementation, Hrvatska vodoprivreda, special edition, January, 2002.

- Državni Meteorološki Zavod (Central Weather Forecasting) - Sector for meteorological researches (1994.): Air streaming in region of Biograd na moru, Zagreb. - Hidroprojekt-ING (2003.): Drainage system and wastewater treatment Biograd na moru, Zagreb. - Institut za oceanografiju i ribarstvo (Institute for Oceanography and Fishing Industry) (1977.): Research of oceanographic-biologic properties of coastal sea of the Biograd riviera with regard to installation of water discharge systems, Split. - Institut za oceanografiju i ribarstvo (1994.): Oceanographic properties of the Pašman channel, Split. - Teh-projekt (1978.): Study of wastewater drainage, treatment and disposition in the riviera Biograd, Rijeka. - Teh-projekt (1989.): Study of wastewater drainage, treatment and disposition of the rieivera Biograd, Rijeka. - Vodoprivredna radna organizacija za vodno područje dalmatinskih slivova (Water management organization for Dalmatian basins area) (1990.): Wastewater dewatering in riviera Biograd- Preliminary Design, Split. - Zoning Institute (1985.): Physical plan of municipality of Biograd na moru, Zadar.

10.3. Overview of Meetings

The Study was examined by the Commission for evaluation of environmental impact, appointed by the Ministry of environmental protection and physical planning. The Commission members were representatives of: - Ministry of environmental protection and physical planning, - Hrvatske vode (Croatian Waters) - Public Health Institution, - Local administration units from the intervention area - Independent scientist and experts from environment protection domain.

After the first meeting, the Study was corrected and amended, and the Commission brought the decision about - Public consideration on the area of Biograd na moru for a 15 days period

After the public consideration, the Commission had a new meeting and considered the comments received following the public consideration.

Considering the amended and corrected Study, the Commission brought a Decision by which it proposes to the Ministry of environmental protection and physical planning to approve the Project realization.