Intercountry Adoption As Child Trafficking
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Charging Language
1. TABLE OF CONTENTS Abduction ................................................................................................73 By Relative.........................................................................................415-420 See Kidnapping Abuse, Animal ...............................................................................................358-362,365-368 Abuse, Child ................................................................................................74-77 Abuse, Vulnerable Adult ...............................................................................78,79 Accessory After The Fact ..............................................................................38 Adultery ................................................................................................357 Aircraft Explosive............................................................................................455 Alcohol AWOL Machine.................................................................................19,20 Retail/Retail Dealer ............................................................................14-18 Tax ................................................................................................20-21 Intoxicated – Endanger ......................................................................19 Disturbance .......................................................................................19 Drinking – Prohibited Places .............................................................17-20 Minors – Citation Only -
Child Laundering: How the Intercountry Adoption System Legitimizes and Incentivizes the Practices of Buying, Trafficking, Kidnaping, and Stealing Children
CHILD LAUNDERING: HOW THE INTERCOUNTRY ADOPTION SYSTEM LEGITIMIZES AND INCENTIVIZES THE PRACTICES OF BUYING, TRAFFICKING, KIDNAPING, AND STEALING CHILDREN DAVID M. SMOLIN† Table of Contents I. INTRODUCTION ...................................... 115 II. THE INCIDENCE OF CHILD BUYING, STEALING, KIDNAPING, AND TRAFFICKING WITHIN THE INTERCOUNTRY ADOPTION SYSTEM ... 117 A. Methods of Operation ............................. 117 1. Child Buying Scenario I ......................... 118 2. Child Buying Scenario II ........................ 119 3. Child Stealing/Kidnaping Scenario I: Kidnaping Children Placed into Orphanages, Hostels, or Schools for Purposes of Education or Care ................... 119 4. Child Stealing/Kidnaping Scenario II: Obtaining Children Through False Pretenses ........................ 121 5. Child Stealing/Kidnaping Children Scenario III: Lost Children ................................... 121 6. Child Stealing/Kidnaping Scenario IV: Traditional Kidnaping .................................. 122 7. Child Stealing/Kidnaping Scenario V: Intra-Familial Kidnaping .................................. 123 8. Child Stealing/Kidnaping Scenario VI: “Your Money or Your Baby:” Taking Children in Payment of a Debt .... 124 B. Extreme Poverty and Sending Nations .................. 124 C. Cycles of Abuse .................................. 132 D. Stories of Abuse: Tracking Child Laundering Within Various Sending Nations ................................. 135 1. Cambodia ................................... 135 2. India ..................................... -
THE PROSE of ZHU ZIQING by IAIN WILLIAM CROFTS B.A., The
THE PROSE OF ZHU ZIQING by IAIN WILLIAM CROFTS B.A., The University of Leeds, 1980 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF ASIAN STUDIES We accept this thesis as conforming to the required standard THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA May 1984 (© Iain William Crofts, 1984 In presenting this thesis in partial fulfilment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of British Columbia, I agree that the Library shall make it freely available for reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of this thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. It is understood that copying or publication of this thesis for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. Department of W tSTJiplZS The University of British Columbia 1956 Main Mall Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Y3 Date £1 MllSf /W ABSTRACT Zhu Ziqing was a Chinese academic who developed a reputation first as a poet and later as an essayist in the 1920's and 1930's. His works are still read widely in China and are considered important enough to be included in the curriculum of secondary schools and universities in the People's Republic of China, Hong Kong and Taiwan. Despite his enduring reputation among his countrymen, he is little known abroad and Western scholarly works on modern Chinese literature scarcely mention him. This thesis examines Zhu Ziqing's prose, since it is his essays which are the basis of his reputation. -
082404 Cover
“A celebration of committed individuals who serve as building blocks in the lives of children” Thursday, September 23, 2004 Washington, DC 2 ach year, the Congressional Coalition on Adoption Institute, CCAI, invites Members of Congress to recognize those individuals who have made a difference in the lives of orphans and foster children by giving them the Congressional Angels in Adoption™ Award. CCAI is a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization dedicated to raising awareness about the tens of thousands of foster children in this country and the millions of orphans around the world in need of permanent, safe, and loving homes; and to eliminating the barriers that hinder these children from realizing their basic need of a family. 2004 Congressional Awards Celebration Welcome Delilah National Radio Personality Musical Performance Watoto Children’s Choir Kampala, Uganda Message from CCAI President Senator Mary Landrieu Congressional Director, CCAI Message from Founding and Maxine B. Baker Premier Sponsor President and CEO, Freddie Mac Foundation Musical Performance Steven Curtis Chapman Recording Artist/Song Writer Guardian Angel Recognition Kerry Marks Hasenbalg Executive Director, CCAI Invocation Barry Black Chaplain of the United States Senate Recognition of 2004 Angels in Adoption™ Congressional Leadership Dinner Recognition of Congressional Members Delilah Presentation of National Angel in Adoption™ Congressman Jim Oberstar Award to Pat and Ruth Williams Congressional Director, CCAI Presentation of National Angel in Adoption™ Congressman -
International Adoption: the Most Logical Solution to the Disparity
INTERNATIONAL ADOPTION: THE MOST LOGICAL SOLUTION TO THE DISPARITY BETWEEN THE NUMBERS OF ORPHANED AND ABANDONED CHILDREN IN SOME COUNTRIES AND FAMILIES AND INDIVIDUALS WISHING TO ADOPT IN OTHERS? Sara R. Wallace* I. INTRODUCTION Throughout the world there are millions of children who lack families, homes, and basic care.1 This problem is especially pronounced in countries where war or national disasters have taken a devastating economic toll on families.2 Many families who cannot afford to provide for their children are left with no choice but to abandon them out of need or shame.3 As a result, many children are left to the streets. For example, up to seven million “meninos da rua” (Portuguese for “children of the street”) live on the streets in Brazil’s large cities.4 Non-economic factors also contribute to children becoming orphans. Social and political circumstances have left children without families. In China, for instance, the One-Child Policy, coupled with Chinese culture’s preference for male children, leads families to abandon or give up for adoption thousands of first-born female children.5 The Korean War left thousands of children in that country homeless.6 Confucian beliefs that emphasize continuance of the family through an unbroken bloodline dissuaded Koreans from adopting children unrelated to them.7 Under the Ceausescu regime in Romania, women were forced * J.D. Candidate, University of Arizona James E. Rogers College of Law, 2004; Master of Science in Family Studies and Human Development, University of Arizona, 2001; Bachelor of Arts in Psychology, Pepperdine University, 1998. I wish to thank DeAnna Rivera and Rebecca Papoff for their support and thoughtful editing, as well as my friends and family for their continuing encouragement. -
Public Servants and Private Fiduciaries
PUBLIC SERVANTS AND PRIVATE FIDUCIARIES PARENTS: TRUSTED BUT NOT TRUSTEES OR (FOSTER) PARENTS AS FIDUCIARIES MARGARET F. BRINIG∗ In April of 2010, the mass media was full of accounts of a seven-year-old Russian boy, Artyom (whose adoptive name is Justin), who had been returned to Moscow on his own by an American adoptive mother who felt unable to care for him. The mother, Torry Hansen, alleged that her family was afraid of the boy, specifically because he had threatened to burn their house down around them and had drawn pictures of it in flames.1 She paid for someone to meet the child once he landed and had her mother deliver him to the gate before his ten hour flight.2 While there could be many reasons for disquiet on hearing the story – not the least of which was putting that young a child onto a lengthy international flight unescorted – this Conference suggests that we pay attention to our feelings that Ms. Hansen at least attempted to do something that parents cannot: to give back a child.3 ∗ Fritz Duda Family Professor of Law, Notre Dame Law School. 1 See, e.g., Clifford J. Levy, Adopted Boy, 7, Is Sent Back, Outraging Russia, N.Y. TIMES, Apr. 10, 2010, at A1. 2 Id. The incident sparked great outrage in Russia, which temporarily suspended all U.S. adoptions. Id. They were apparently not halted, however. Clifford J. Levy, Adoptions From Russia Continue, Official Says, N.Y. TIMES, May 6, 2010, at A6. 3 As an article in the New York Times put it, “We do not know all the details. -
The Situation of Minority Children in Russia
The Situation of Children Belonging to Vulnerable Groups in Russia Alternative Report March 2013 Anti- Discrimination Centre “MEMORIAL” The NGO, Anti-Discrimination Centre “MEMORIAL”, was registered in 2007 and continued work on a number of human rights and anti-discrimination projects previously coordinated by the Charitable Educational Human Rights NGO “MEMORIAL” of St. Petersburg. ADC “Memorial‟s mission is to defend the rights of individuals subject to or at risk of discrimination by providing a proactive response to human rights violations, including legal assistance, human rights education, research, and publications. ADC Memorial‟s strategic goals are the total eradication of discrimination at state level; the adoption of anti- discrimination legislation in Russia; overcoming all forms of racism and nationalism; Human Rights education; and building tolerance among the Russian people. ADC Memorial‟s vision is the recognition of non-discrimination as a precondition for the realization of all the rights of each person. Tel: +7 (812) 317-89-30 E-mail: [email protected] Contributors The report has been prepared by Anti-discrimination Center “Memorial” with editorial direction of Stephania Kulaeva and Olga Abramenko. Anti-discrimination Center “Memorial” would like to thank Simon Papuashvili of International Partnership for Human Rights for his assistance in putting this report together and Ksenia Orlova of ADC “Memorial” for allowing us to use the picture for the cover page. Page 2 of 47 Contents Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................ 4 Summary of Recommendations ..................................................................................................... 7 Overview of the legal and policy initiatives implemented in the reporting period ................. 11 Violations of the rights of children involving law enforcement agencies ............................... -
Is There Room in Your Heart and Your Home for a Waiting Child?
Easy toLove Is there room in your heart and your home for a waiting child? Many of our waiting children have minor or correctible medical conditions, are older or in sibling groups, and they need loving, adoptive families. See children who need families today by visiting the Waiting Child section of the Holt International website www.holtinternational.org/waitingchild/photolisting finding families for children Dear Readers Christina* greeted me a few years ago at the home of her foster family in Romania. She was 12 years old, with dark eyes, and dark hair pulled back into a SUMMER 2006 VOL. 48 NO. 3 HOLT INTERNATIONAL CHILDREN’S SERVICES ponytail that framed her pretty face. I was surprised by how normal and healthy P.O. Box 2880 (1195 City View) Eugene, OR 97402 she looked. Ph: 541/687.2202 Fax: 541/683.6175 OUR MISSION I expected her to look, well… sick. After all, Christina was HIV-positive. Instead I Holt International is dedicated to carrying out God’s plan for every child to have a permanent, loving family. found a girl on the cusp of adolescence who wore the unadorned, fresh beauty of In 1955 Harry and Bertha Holt responded to the conviction that youth. God had called them to help children left homeless by the Korean War. Though it took an act of the U.S. Congress, the Holts adopt- “So this is the face of AIDS,” I marveled. ed eight of those children. But they were moved by the desperate plight of other orphaned children in Korea and other countries In this issue of Holt International magazine, we feature a look at the range of as well, so they founded Holt International Children’s Services in order to unite homeless children with families who would love work Holt is doing around the world for children affected by HIV/AIDS. -
Russia's Ban on Adoptions by US Citizens
\\jciprod01\productn\M\MAT\28-1\MAT110.txt unknown Seq: 1 16-OCT-15 15:11 Vol. 28, 2015 Russia’s Ban on Adoptions by U.S. Citizens 51 The New Cold War: Russia’s Ban on Adoptions by U.S. Citizens by Cynthia Hawkins DeBose* and Ekaterina DeAngelo** Table of Contents I. Introduction ....................................... 52 R II. Historical Background of American and Russian Intercountry Adoption ............................. 54 R A. Development of Intercountry Adoption in the United States .................................. 54 R B. Development of Intercountry Adoption Between Russia and the United States ........ 56 R III. Russian Intercountry Adoption Laws .............. 58 R A. Laws Governing Intercountry Adoptions in Russia ......................................... 58 R B. Recent Changes to the Laws Governing American Adoptions of Russian Orphans ..... 61 R 1. The United States–Russia Adoption Agreement................................. 61 R 2. The Russian Law Banning American Adoptions and Controversy over the Ban . 63 R a. The American Adoption Ban and Its Effect on Intercountry Adoption of Russian Orphans ...................... 63 R b. Arguments in Support of and in Opposition to the American Adoption Ban in Russia .......................... 65 R * Professor of Law, Stetson University College of Law (SUCOL). B.A. Wellesley College; J.D. Harvard Law School. Thank you to Alicia Tarrant (SUCOL, 2016) for her invaluable research assistance and Roman Faizorin (SUCOL, 2018) for his Russian to English translation of Russian source materi- als. This project was supported by a SUCOL Faculty Research Grant. ** Assistant Attorney General of Texas, Environmental Protection Divi- sion. Ufa Law Institute of the Interior Ministry of Russian Federation, 2007; J.D. Stetson University College of Law, 2013. -
Domestic and International Adoption: Strategies to Improve Behavioral Health Outcomes for Youth and Their Families ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
JANUARY 28, 2015 Domestic and International Adoption: Strategies to Improve Behavioral Health Outcomes for Youth and Their Families ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We would like to thank the following people for their participation in the planning committee for the Domestic and International Adoption: Strategies to Improve Behavioral Health Outcomes for Youth and Their Families meeting. • Terry Baugh, Kidsave • Heather Burke, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention • Wilson Compton, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health • Angela Drumm, American Institutes for Research • Kelly Fisher, Administration for Children and Families • Robert Freeman, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health • Amy Goldstein, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health • Valerie Maholmes, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health • Sonali Patel, Administration for Children and Families • Eve Reider, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health • Elizabeth Robertson, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health • Lisa Rubenstein, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration • Kate Stepleton, Administration for Children and Families • Phil Wang, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health • Mary Bruce Webb, Administration for Children and Families BACKGROUND On August 29–30, 2012, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) -
Illegal Adoption As Child Trafficking
Acknowledgments This thesis would not have been possible without the great support and inspiration I received from Ties, Marco, Lisa, Klaartje, Saartje, Caroline, Leo, Roelie, Arun and of course my supervisor Lia Versteegh. Iara de Witte, The Hague 2012 1 Table of contents Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................................... 1 Table of contents ....................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 4 1 Intercountry adoption in accordance with international conventions ......................... 8 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 8 1.1 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child ................................................. 8 1.2 European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms ........................................................................................................................... 12 1.3 Hague Convention on Protection of Children and Co-operation in Respect of Intercountry Adoption ....................................................................................................... 15 Conflict between treaties?................................................................................................................... -
International Adoption: Broadening How We Build Families Clinical Science Insights
Clinical Science Insights: Knowledge Families Count On v.11 International Adoption: Broadening How We Build Families Clinical Science Insights Volume 11 Volume Knowledge Families Count On and the other that experienced “ethnic dissonance” milestones, and the journey must be undertaken (p. 82). The former group had pride in their ethnic with a great deal of patience and openness. heritage and explained their difference as “special,” Although all families face challenges, families while the latter group did not, and identified less formed through international adoption face with their Korean identity. Huh and Reid (2000) additional, complex challenges. Maintaining a lens concluded that the children in the latter group of openness, not only outwardly to the world as may have been stifled in their exploration of their the family expands its social networks and zones of International Adoption: ethnic heritage because their parents and families comfort, but also within the family (for example, did not promote this kind of exploration through if the adoptee chooses to search for birthparents) Broadening How We Build Families activities, groups, or dialogue. is critical to the family’s healthy development. Supporting the exploration of identity formation, research studies which identify factors associated Conclusion by Leah Bloom, MSMFT including how adoptees make meaning of with healthy family development. Families’ pathways towards international themselves in the world, is a process that the family adoption are lined with educational and emotional Stories about international adoption are should undertake together. Beginning the journey toward everywhere. From the media’s very public coverage international adoption of celebrities’ adoptions to the private experiences Once prospective parents decide to adopt of close friends and family members, international internationally, they must choose a country from Author Biography adoption is stretching our traditional notions of which to adopt.