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Home , 47 Tucanae, Blanco 1, Eta Aquarii, Eta Piscium, New General Catalogue, NGC 121

Index Index

Achromats, 70, 73, 79 Apochromats (APO), 70, Averted vision Adhafera, 44 73, 79 technique, 96, 98, Adobe Photoshop , 43, 99 112 (software), 108 , 10, 36, 45, 65 Afocal procedure, 105 Arches cluster, 23 B1620-26, 37 Age Archinal, Brent, 63, 64, Barkhatova (Bar) of globular clusters, 89, 195 catalogue, 196 25, 28–29 , 43 Barlow lens, 78–79, 110 of open clusters, Aricebo radio telescope, Barnard’s , 49 15–16 33 Basel (Bas) catalogue, 196 of complexes, 41 , 45 Bayer classification of stellar associations, Arp 2, 51 system, 93 39, 41–42 Arp catalogue, 197 Be16, 63 of the , 28 Arp-Madore (AM)-1, 33 , 13, 60, Aldebaran, 43 Arp-Madore (AM)-2, 148 Alessi, 22, 61 48, 65 Bergeron 1, 22 Alessi catalogue, 196 Arp-Madore (AM) Bergeron, J., 22 Algenubi, 44 catalogue, 197 Berkeley 11, 124f, 125 Algieba, 44 Asterisms, 43–45, Berkeley 17, 15 (Demon Star), 65, 94 Berkeley 19, 130 21 (magazine), Berkeley 29, 18 Alnilam, 5–6 89 Berkeley 42, 171–173 Alnitak, 5–6 Astronomy Now Berkeley (Be) catalogue, , 25 (magazine), 89 196 Alpha Orionis, 93 Astrophotography, 94, Beta Pictoris, 42 , 40 101, 102–103 Beta Piscium, 44 , 44 Astroplanner (software), Betelgeuse, 93 Alterf, 44 90 Big Bang, 5, 29 Altitude-Azimuth Astro-Snap (software), Big Dipper, 19, 43 (Alt-Az) mount, 107 Binary millisecond 75–76 AstroStack (software), , 30 , 36, 108 Binary , 8, 52 39, 41, 48, 52, 61 AstroVideo (software), in globular clusters, ANR 1947 + 18, 44–45 107 28, 35 Antalova (A) catalogue, A type stars, 6 in 196 , 15, 16, 39, 42, 45, remnants, 56 Antares, 39 97, 98, 132f in open clusters, 18, Antenna , 27, 50 Aur OB1, 39 19, 21, 23 Anti-dewing devices, 83 Aur OB2, 39 in T associations, Antoniadi scale, 88 Aveni-Hunter (Av- 40–41 Aperature size, 74–75, Hunter) catalogue, , 69–70, 96, 99, 100, 110 196 97, 98, 110

201 Binoviewers, 83 , 44, 121f Centauri, 58 Biurkan (Bi) catalogue, Campaign for Dark , 19, 28, 54 196 Skies, 87 stars, Black holes, 7, 11, 36, 52, , 13, 16, 21, 147f 18, 33, 39, 41 53 , 99 , 39, 65, 98 , 23 , 22, 42, 43, Cep OB1, 39

Index Blanco catalogue, 196 44, 48, 57, 59 Cep OB2, 39 Blue clusters, 46–47, 53 , 44 Cep OB3, 39 Blueshift, 15 Cannibalization theory, Cep OB4, 39 Blue stars, 28–29, 30, 98 10, 27 , 49 stars, 18, Carbon, 7, 17 Chameleon, 40 21, 31 , 22 Chameleon I, 22 Blue supergiants, 54 Cas OB1, 39, 114 Chemical content of Bochum (Bo) catalogue, Cas OB4, 39 stars, 5 196 Cas OB5, 39 Chi Persei, 116–117 Bologna Catalogue, 53 Cas OB6, 39 Chris Marriot (software Bootes, 43, 99 Cas OB8, 39 company), 90 Bound associations, 38 Cas OB14, 39 Chromatic aberration, Bright giants (II), 7 Cassiopeia, 18, 20, 22, 39, 70, 71 British Astronomical 44, 63, 97, 191f Chupina catalogue, 196 Association (BAA), Cassiopeia- Circinus, 44 91, 108, 109 association, 42 Circle of , 44 Broadband filters, 80 Cataclysmic variable, 28 Classic nova, 37 Brocchi’s Cluster. See Catadioptrics, 71–73 Classification Collinder 399 Catalogue of Nearby of globular clusters, 35 stars, 23, 41 Habitable Stellar of open clusters, 20 B type stars, 6, 15, 17 Systems, 23 of stars, 6–7 Bull of Poniatowski, 45 Catalogue of Parameters of stellar associations, for 38 C39, 51, 115 Globulars (Harris), Cluster 1, 22 Caldwell 13. See NGC 195 Cluster 2, 22 457 Catalogues, 195–197. See Cluster 3, 22 Caldwell 16, 187 also specific cata- Cluster misfits, 65 Caldwell 25. See NGC logues Cluster remnants, 56–59 2419 CC11, 22 CMa ring, 59 Caldwell 28, 115–116 CC12, 22 Coathanger Cluster. See Caldwell 50. See NGC CC13, 22 Collinder 399 2244 CC14, 22 Collimation, 71 Caldwell 54, 146 CCD imaging, 85, 94, 95, Collinder 21, 58, 65 Caldwell 58. See NGC 99, 107, 108, 110, Collinder 34, 117–118 2360 112 Collinder 70, 40 Caldwell 76. See NGC cooled devices, 104 Collinder 89, 40 6231 of globular clusters, Collinder 197, 40 Caldwell Catalogue (C), 31, 104 Collinder 399 61, 84, 90, 91, 196 observation logs and, (Coathanger; Caldwell-Moore, Patrick, 109 Brocchi’s cluster), 61 of open clusters, 21, 44, 65, 174 Caldwell Objects, The 22, 104 Collinder (Cr) catalogue, (O’Meara), 89 overview, 103–105 196 Caltech, 61 CD galaxies, 46 Collisions, 28

202 Color, 6, 8, 17, 98, 100, Deep-Sky Observers , Drift method, 97 104, 106 The (Privett and Dunlop (Dun) catalogue, , 36, 99 Parsons), 89 197 Coma, 99 Deep Sky Software, 90 Dust lanes, 100 , 44, 149f , 44, 45, 183f Dwarf galaxies, 27, 36, Coma Correctors, 82 , 18 46, 53 Compass, 92 , 44 Dwarf stars, 7, 8, 14, 16, Index Composition Dew shields, 83 23, 28, 29, 41 of globular clusters, Diagonals, 79–80 30–31 Dias, Wilton S., 195 Eagle , 98 of open clusters, Difficult viewing Easy viewing category, 16–18 category, 112 111 , 43–45 Digital imaging, 85, 99, Eclipsing binaries, 21, 23 Contact binaries, 21 107–108 Elliptical galaxies, 46–47 Convergence point, 42 Digital still cameras, 105 Equatorial mounts, 75, Cooke, Antony, 89 Digitized Sky Survey, 62 95 Cores, 28, 29, 30 Disk, 10 Equipment and Corona, 15 globular clusters and, accessories, 77–83 Corwin, Harold, 61, 63 26, 28, 29, 30, 32, Erdman, Bob, 61 Cosmic year, 10 36 , 42 , 7 open clusters and, 13, ESO 102-G0003, 64 Crayford focusers, 83 16, 18 ESO 282 SC26, 58 Crux, 44 properties of, 11–12 , 43 , 10, 22, 38, 40, Disk shocks, 35, 56 Eta Chamelontis, 19 44, 58, 62, 97, 184f Dissolving open clusters. Eta Piscium, 44 Cyg OB-1, 40 See Open cluster European Southern Cyg OB-2, 38, 40 remnants Observatory (ESO), Cyg OB-3, 40 Distance. See also 62 Cyg OB-4, 40 Light- Exit pupil, 78 Cyg OB-7, 40 of globular clusters, Extended clusters, 36 Cyg OB-9, 40 33–35 Extragalactic clusters, Czernik (Cz) catalogue, of open clusters, 18–19 46–55 196 of stars, 7–8 Extragalactic globular Djorg catalogue, 197 clusters, 46–48, Dark adaptation, 95–96 Dobsonian mounts, 74, 52–53, 54, 55 Dark frames, 107 95 Extragalactic open Dark matter, 12 Dobsonian telescopes, clusters, 48, 54, 55 Death 76, 99 Extragalactic stellar of globular clusters, 35 Dolidze (Do) catalogue, associations, 48–49 of open clusters, 196 Extragalactic tramps, 33 19–20 Dolidze (DoDz) clusters, Eye, observing with, 69 (Dec), 93 45 Eyepieces, 77–78, 110 Declination (Dec) drives, Dolidze/Dzimselejsvili Eye relief, 78 86, 94–95 (DoDz) catalogue, DeepSky 2000 (soft- 196 Feinstein (Fein) ware), 90 Dolphins Diamonds, 44 catalogue, 196 Deep Sky, The: An Doppler shifts, 15 Felis, 43 Introduction , 57 Field flatteners, 81–82 (Harrington), 89 , 16, 17f, Field-of-view (FOV), 77, Deep-sky filters, 80 39, 98 78, 79, 97

203 Finder charts, 89, 94, 110 F type stars, 6 Gottlieb, Steve, 61, 62 for Aquarius, 186 Goulds Belt, 41 for Aquila, 170 G1, 36, 52–53, 61, Graff catalogue, 196 for Auriga, 132f 112–113 Grasdalen catalogue, for Camelopardalis, G2, 61 196 121f G3, 61 Gravitational forces, 26,

Index for Cancer, 147f G169, 54 28, 29, 35, 38 for Cassiopeia, 192 Gamma Aquarii, 43 Greek alphabet classifi- for Coma Berenices, Gamma Piscium, 44 cation system, 93 149f , 40, 63, 97, 139f Grindlay 1, 65 for Cygnus, 185 Gem OB1, 40, 136 G type stars, 6 for Delphinus, 183 Giant molecular clouds, Guide for , 183 26 (GSC), 62 for Gemini, 139f Giants (III), 7 for , 158f GLIMPSE-CO1, 35–36 H 1.19, 150 for , 189f H 1.47. See NGC 6712 for , 177 remnants, 56, 59 H 1.48, 161–162 for , 144f Globular clusters, 16, H 1.70. See NGC 5634 for , 161f, 25–37, 44, 50, 51, H 1.103, 180–181 163f 69, 70 H 1.149, 161 for , 183 age of, 25, 28–29 H 1.150, 164–166 for , 125f, 126f catalogues listing, 197 H 2.587, 162–163 for Puppis, 143f CCD imaging of, 31, H 4.50. See NGC 6229 for Sagitta, 177 104 H 6.7, 152 for Sagittarius, 171 classification systems H 6.8, 154 for Scorpio, 160f for, 35 Hafner (Haf) catalogue, for , 168f death of, 35 196 for , 168f distance of, 33–35 Halo, 9, 10, 12 for Taurus, 128f distribution in the extragalactic globular for , 177 galaxy, 32f clusters and, 47 Finders, 80–81 evolution of, 28 globular clusters and, Flamsteed numbers, 93 extragalactic, 46–48, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, Focal length, 78, 79, 82 52–53, 54, 55 31, 32, 33, 35, 36 Focal ratio, 77, 82, 97 formation of, 9, 10, properties of, 11 Focal reducers, 81–82, 26–27 Hard viewing category, 104 of, 29–30 112 Focusers, 82–83 new discoveries and Harrington, Philip S., 44, Formation developments, 89 of globular clusters, 9, 35–37 Harris, William E., 195 10, 26–27 observing, 99–100 Harvard 1, 118 of the Milky Way, 9–10 origin and location of, Harvard (H) catalogue, of open clusters, 9, 31–33 196 14–15 properties of, 25–26 Haute Provence (HP) group of size of, 29 catalogue, 197 galaxies, 53 sketching, 102 Helical focusers, 83 (NGC 104), structure and compo- Helium, 4, 5, 7, 15, 16, 30 25, 26f, 30, 37, 99, sition of, 30–31 Hercules, 25, 33, 44, 45, 112 Golden Snake, 44 60, 94, 99, 100, 158f Frolov 1, 193 GOTO telescopes, 76, 86, Herschel 400, 91, 196 Frolov (Fr) catalogue, 196 95 Herschel, John, 62, 64

204 Hertzsprung-Russell JGGC-1, 36 Ling, Alistair, 63 (HR) diagram, 3, 4, Job’s Coffin, 45 Lithium, 31, 41 21f, 31f Juchert catalogue, 197 Little Queen, 44 HII regions, 47, 49, 51, Jupiter , 23, 37, 42 of 53 galaxies, 46, 47, 49, Hodge 5, 113 Kappa Piscium, 44 51, 52 Hodge 11, 51 Keck Telescope, 106 Location Index Hogg catalogue, 196 Kellner eyepiece, 77 of globular clusters, Horolgium, 33 Kemble’s Cascade, 44, 31–33 Horolgium/ 122–123 of open clusters, 18 Association, 41 Keystone , 44, 94 Loden catalogue, 197 Hot pixels, 107 King 12, 192 Lowell Observatory, 59, H Persei, 116–117 King 21, 190–191 61 , 13, 19, 42, 43, King catalogue, 197 Lower Centaurus Crux, 57, 69, 97, 125 Klevsov Cassegrain, 73 39 , 99 Kronberger catalogue, 197 , 7, 18, 39, , 4, 5, 7, 15, 16, K type stars, 6 93 17 Lupus, 40 Hynes, Steven, 63, 89 Lacaille (Lac) catalogue, Lynga Open Cluster 197 Catalogue, 62, 63, IC 1434, 186–187 Lacerta, 189f 64, 197 IC 1613, 48–49 Lambda Piscium, 44 , 33 IC 2157, 134f, 135 Large Magallenic Clouds Lyra, 15 IC 4996, 177f, 178 (LMC), 39, 41, 47, IC (catalogue), 60, 61, 48, 51–52, 57 M1, 16 62, 90, 91, 196 Latysev catalogue, 197 M2, 99, 185–186 IC II (catalogue), 60 LED finders, 81, 85 M3, 99, 153 Ilanga Inc., 90 Lenticular galaxies, 36 M4, 29, 37 Image stacking, 107–108 Leo, 36, 42, 43 M5, 41, 99, 154–155 Imaging and recording, , 99 M6, 162 101–109 Life in the universe, 9, M9, 159–160 Index Catalogue (IC). 33–35 M10, 154f, 157–158 See IC Light buckets, 74 M11 (Wild Duck Instruments, 69–76 Light elements, 5 Cluster), 13, 14f, 40, Intermediate associa- Light pollution, 80, 86, 169–170 tions, 38 87, 88, 104, 108 M12, 152f, 157 International Light Pollution M13, 25, 34f, 35, 60, 94, Astronomical Reduction (LPR) 99, 100, 155–156 Association (IAU), filters, 80 M14, 160f, 162 43 Light-years, 6 M15, 30, 36, 99, 162, 182, Interstellar Medium equivalent in miles, 7 183f, 184 (ISM), 3–4 of globular clusters, M16, 98, 165f, 166–167 Iota Piscium, 44 29, 31, 33–36 M17, 165f, 167 IRAS 18333-2357, 36 of the Milky Way, 10 M18, 16 IRAS 18462-0133, 36 of OB associations, 39 M22, 36, 167–168 Iskudarian catalogue, 197 of open clusters, 16, M26, 166f, 168–169 Ivanov catalogue, 196 18–19 M29, 179f, 179 of protostars, 4 M30, 30 James, Andrew, 44 of T associations, 40, M31, 36, 39, 48, 52–53 , 13, 44 41 M33, 41, 49, 51

205 M34, 60, 117 Mass Multiple stars, 8, 40, 41, M35, 134f, 135–136 of globular clusters, 98 M36, 16, 130f, 132 29–30 M37, 16, 131f, 132–133 of open clusters, 16 Naglers, 77–78 M38, 16, 129f, 131 of stars, 7–8 Naval Observatory, U.S., M39, 185 MaximDL (software), 108 63

Index M42. See Nebula Mayal II. See G1 Nebula filters, 80 M44, 145f, 147–148 Mayor catalogue, 197 Nebulosity, 13, 20, 98 M45 (Melotte 22), 14f, Medium viewing cate- Neutron stars, 7, 18, 30, 22, 121–122 gory, 112 52 M46, 143f, 144 MegaStar (software), 90 New catalogue of opti- M47, 141–142 Melotte 22. See M45 cally visible open M48, 145f, 146–147 Melotte 40, 64 clusters and candi- M50, 139, 140f Melotte 111, 44 dates (Dias), 195 M52, 190f, 190 Melotte (Mel) catalogue, M53, 99, 149f, 150 197 (NGC). See NGC M54, 27, 51 Mergers, 28, 46–47 Newtonians, 71, 73, 74, M55, 40 Messier Catalogue (M), 75, 82 M56, 174f, 173–174 60–61, 84, 89, 90, NGC 104. See 47 M62, 158–159 91, 110, 111, 196 Tucanae M67, 16, 21, 146f, 148 Messier Objects, The NGC 121, 51 M68, 148f, 150 (O’Meara), 89 NGC 205, 53 M71, 44, 174, 175f, 176 of stars, 5, 12, NGC 253, 53 M72, 99, 181 53, 54 NGC 300, 53 M73, 45, 65 in extragalactic globu- NGC 346, 51 M80, 37, 155 lar clusters, 47, NGC 457, 114, 115f M81, 36 52 NGC 559, 20 M82, 49, 54 in globular clusters, NGC 581, 114 M87, 37, 46 30, 33, 37 NGC 752, 115–116 M92, 99, 156f, 159 in open clusters, 16 NGC 884 / 869, 116–117 M101, 54 Milky Way, 9–12, 27, 39, NGC 886, 63 M103, 114 41, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, NGC 1023, 36 M107, 99, 155 51, 53, 55, 61, 99 NGC 1039, 117 M110, 53 components of, 10–11 NGC 1245, 118f, 119 Magnification, 78, disk of, 11–12 NGC 1261, 30 100 formation of, 9–10 NGC 1342, 119f, 120 , 5–6, 8, 18, halo of, 11 NGC 1399, 53 33, 93 nucleus of, 11 NGC 1498, 64 , 3 number of open clus- NGC 1502, 44, 123 Main sequence dwarves ters in, 13 NGC 1513, 122f, 123–124 (V), 7 size and scale of, 10 NGC 1528, 123f, 124 Maksutov Cassegrain spiral arms of, 11 NGC 1790, 45 (Mak-Cass) tele- stellar types in, 4 NGC 1798, 63 scope, 73, 83, 87 Millenium Star Atlas, 89 NGC 1817, 126–127, 128f M73 Aquarius Asterism, Mini asterisms, 44 NGC 1851, 36 45 Mini Coathanger, 44 NGC 1893, 127, 129f, 130 Markarian (Mrk) Monoceros, 18, 97, 144f NGC 1898, 51 catalogue, 197 , 29, 88–89, 93 NGC 1901, 57 Markov 1, 45 Moving clusters, 42 NGC 1907, 20 Markov, Paul, 45 M type stars, 6 NGC 1912. See M38

206 NGC 1960. See M36 NGC 5286, 28 NGC 6913, 179 NGC 1981, 40 NGC 5385, 65 NGC 6934, 180–181 NGC 1999, 46 NGC 5461, 54 NGC 6939, 180 NGC 2019, 51 NGC 5634, 151f, 153 NGC 6981. See M72 NGC 2070, 52 NGC 5897, 154 NGC 6994. See M73 NGC 2099. See M37 NGC 5904. See M5 NGC 7006, 33, 182f NGC 2129, 133 NGC 6093. See M80 NGC 7036, 58 Index NGC 2158, 54, 63–64 NGC 6128. See M12 NGC 7078. See M15 NGC 2164, 41 NGC 6171. See M107 NGC 7086, 184f, NGC 2168. See M35 NGC 6205. See M13 184–185 NGC 2180, 57 NGC 6216, 64 NGC 7089. See M2 NGC 2192, 135f, 136–137 NGC 6222, 64 NGC 7092, 185 NGC 2239, 63 NGC 6229, 151f, 156–157 NGC 7243, 187 NGC 2244, 63, 98, 136f, NGC 6231, 21, 28, 157 NGC 7245, 187–188 137–138 NGC 6254. See M10 NGC 7252, 47 NGC 2266, 137f, 138 NGC 6266, 158–159 NGC 7510, 98, 188 NGC 2304, 138–139 NGC 6328, 64 NGC 7654. See M52 NGC 2323. See M50 NGC 6333, 159–160 NGC 7772, 58 NGC 2360, 140f, 141 NGC 6341. See M92 NGC (catalogue), 44, 45, NGC 2362, 16 NGC 6342, 161 57, 58, 60, 61, 62, 90, NGC 2409, 45 NGC 6352, 30 91, 110, 111. See NGC 2419, 33, 34f, NGC 6356, 161–162 also RNGC (cata- 143–144 NGC 6397, 28 logue) NGC 2422, 141–142 NGC 6402. See M14 NGC/IC Project, 61–62, NGC 2423, 142 NGC 6405, 162 90, 196, 197–198 NGC 2437. See M46 NGC 6426, 162–163 19 Piscium, 44 NGC 2438, 143f NGC 6440, 164–166 Nitrogen, 17 NGC 2506, 146 NGC 6441, 37 Noctura, 43 NGC 2516, 23 NGC 6535, 166 Noise, 104, 105, 106, 107 NGC 2548. See M48 NGC 6540, 65 Nonexistent clusters, 58, NGC 2580, 21 NGC 6611. See M16 62–65 NGC 2588, 21 NGC 6618. See M17 “Nonexistent Star NGC 2632. See M44 NGC 6656. See M22 Clusters of the NGC 2664, 65 NGC 6694. See M26 RNGC, The” NGC 2682. See M67 NGC 6705. See M11 (Archinal), 62–63, NGC 2866, 62 NGC 6712, 167f, 170 195 NGC 3201, 32 NGC 6717. See Palomar North celestial pole, 93 NGC 3384, 36 9 Northern Cross, 44 NGC 3921, 47 NGC 6738, 65 Northern Fly, 45 NGC 4038, 50 NGC 6749, 171–173 Northern Hemisphere, NGC 4039, 50 NGC 6756, 173 10, 18, 25, 42, 99 NGC 4147, 150 NGC 6760, 172f, 173 North Star. See NGC 4590. See M68 NGC 6779. See M56 Norton’s Star Atlas, 45, 89 NGC 4755, 44 NGC 6791, 15, 23 Nucleus, 10 NGC 5024. See M53 NGC 6822, 49 of extragalactic NGC 5053, 152 NGC 6838. See M71 globular clusters, NGC 5128, 54 NGC 6846, 62 47 NGC 5139. See Omega NGC 6863, 45 of globular clusters, 25 Centauri NGC 6904, 178f, 178–179 of open clusters, 15 NGC 5272. See M3 NGC 6910, 18, 19f properties of, 11

207 OB associations, 38, 41, OCL 592, 142 Ori OB1-B, 40 49, 53–54 Off-axis guiders, 103 Ori OB1-C, 40 characteristics of, Officina Typographica, Ori OB1-D, 40 39–40 43 Orion, 5, 39, 40, 41, 43, scaled, 50 O’Meara, Stephen, 89 44, 57 Observation, 84–91, , 27f, 29, , 39, 40

Index 92–200 30, 33, 69, 99, Orthoscopic eyepieces, 77 analogue and paper 152–153 Ostuno, Ernie, 62 resources, 89 Open cluster remnants O type stars, 6, 15, 51 away from home, (OCR), 56–58, 59 Owl Cluster. See NGC 457 86–87 Open clusters, 10, 13–24, basics/overview, 92–93 25, 29, 30, 36, 39, 43, Paintshop Pro computerized 44, 50, 51, 69, 70 (software), 108 resources, 90 age of, 15–16 (Pal 1), 65, conditions for, 87–89 catalogues listing, 120f, 121 general resources, 91 196–197 Palomar 2 (Pal 2), 126, of globular clusters, CCD imaging of, 21, 127f 99–100 22, 104 (Pal 4), 33 from home, 85–86 classification systems (Pal 5), 30, 35, of open clusters and for, 20 59 associations, death of, 19–20 Palomar 6 (Pal 6), 37 97–98 determining authen- Palomar 9 (Pal 9), 169f, planning for, 84–85 ticity of, 15 170–171 target location, 93–95 distance of, 18–19 Palomar 10 (Pal 10), 30 techniques, 95–97 distribution within the Palomar (Pal) catalogue, weather and, 88 galaxy, 17f 99, 197 “Observational Data for extragalactic, 48, 54, 55 Palomar Observatory Galactic Globular formation of, 9, 14–15 Plates (POSS), 62 Clusters” (Skiff), 195 mass of, 16 Panoptics, 77–78 Observation report and new discoveries and measurement, logs, 108–109 developments, 8, 33 Observatory, creating, 20–23 , 7, 29, 41 85–86 number of, 13 Parsons, Paul, 89 OCL 99, 173 observing, 97–98 Pease 1, 36 OCL 214. See NGC 7086 origin and location Pegasus, 30, 36, 44, 58, 99 OCL 217. See NGC 6939 of, 18 Pentaxes, 77–78 OCL 225, 187–188 properties of, 13 Periodic photometric OCL 256. See NGC 7510 size of, 16 variables, 21 OCL 383. See NGC 1502 sketching, 102 Per OB2, 40 OCL 389. See NGC 1245 structure and compo- Per OB3, 40 OCL 397. See NGC 1528 sition of, 16–18 Perseus, 98 OCL 398. See NGC 1513 Ophiuchus, 33, 37, 99, finder charts for, 125f, OCL 401. See NGC 1342 161f, 163f 126f OCL 437. See NGC 2192 Optical finders, 80–81 globular clusters in, 36 OCL 439. See NGC 1893 Origin OB associations in, 40, OCL 463. See NGC 1817 of globular clusters, 41 OCL 467, 133 31–33 open clusters in, 16, OCL 468, 64 of open clusters, 18 21, 39 OCL 471. See NGC 2266 Ori OB 1, 131–132 Philip’s Planisphere, 89 OCL 484, 138–139 Ori OB1-A, 40 , 43

208 . See M33 Red clusters, 46–47, 53 Scaled OB associations, Pisces, 44 Red giants, 7, 8, 10, 52, 98 50 Pismis 13, 62 , 8, 15 Schmidt Cassegrain Pismis (Pi) catalogue, 197 Red stars, 22, 30 telescope (SCT), Pistol Star, 23 Reflectors, 70–71, 96, 99 71–73, 74, 81–82, Planetary , 36 Refractors, 70–71, 96–97, 83, 87, 104 Planispheres, 89, 93 99 Scintillation, 88 Index , 13, 18, 19, 23, Registax (software), 108 , 10, 19, 29, 36, 43, 69, 97, 98 Regulus, 43, 44 37, 65, 160f Pleione, 18 Reiland 1, 22 Scorpius-Centaurus OB Plossl eyepiece, 77 Reiland, T., 22 association, 41, 42 Plough, 19, 42, 43 RGB color files, 107 Sct OB1, 40 Polar alignment scope, Rich-Field Refractor, 110 group of 95 Rich-Field Telescope galaxies, 53–54 Polaris, 92, 93 (RFT), 73–74, 87, 98 Scutum, 13, 16, 22, 40, Pole Star, 43, 75, 95 Ridpath, Ian, 89 97, 168f Population I stars, 4, 5 Rigel’s Quick Finder, 81 Seeing, 88 Population II stars, 4, 5, (RA), Serpens, 99, 168f 33 84, 93, 111 SETI Institute, 23 Possible open cluster Right Ascension (RA) Setting circles, 75, 95 remnants (POCR), drives, 75, 86, 94–95 Sgr A, 11 58, 59 Ritchey Chrétien, 73 Shapley classification Pothier, Yann, 44–45 RNGC (catalogue), 45, system, 20, 35, 99 Praesepe Cluster, 13, 60, 61, 62–64 Shell stars, 17–18 148 Roche lobes, 35 Sher catalogue, 197 Prime focus, 103, 104 , 98 Sinnott, Roger, 89 Privett, Grant, 89 Roslund 4, 175f, 176 , 43 , 15, 41 Roslund (Ro) catalogue, Size Protogalaxies, 9 197 of globular clusters, 29 Protoglobulars, 47 RR Lyrae stars, 32, 33, 59 of the Milky Way, 10 Protoplanetary disk Ruprecht 3, 57–58 of open clusters, 16 formation, 39 Ruprecht 145, 22 of stars, 7–8 Protostars, 4 Ruprecht (Ru) catalogue, Sketching, 101–102 , 7 197 Skiff, Brian, 59, 61, 63, 195 PSR J2140-2310A Russian binoculars, 70 Sky, The (software), 90 (M30A), 30 Sky Atlas 2000, 89 PSR J2140-23B (M30B), SAC 100, 91 Sky at Night, The 30 Sagitta, 44 (magazine), 89 Pulsars, 7, 18, 30 Sagittarius, 10, 49, 65, 97, Sky Catalogue 2000, 62 Puppis, 18, 45, 97, 143f 99 Skyglow, 80 finders chart for, 171f SkyMap Pro (software), 90 Quintuplet Cluster, 23 globular clusters in, Sky & Telescope 30, 31, 35, 36 (magazine), 89 , 52 open clusters in, 23 SLR cameras, 103, 105, Rack & Pinion focuser, teapot asterism of, 44, 107 82–83 45 Small Magallenic Clouds measure- Sagittarius , (SMC), 47, 51–52 ments, 15, 16 10, 27, 51, 52 Society for Popular Ramsden eyepiece, 77 Saguaro Astronomy Astronomy (SPA), Rasalas, 44 Club, 62, 90 91, 108, 109

209 Software Bisque, 90 Stephenson (Steph) cata- Thin discs, 12 Solar masses, 23 logue, 197 30 Doradus, 52 , 8 Stock 23, 119–120 Thomson, Malcolm, 61 South celestial pole, 93 Stock (St) catalogue, 197 Tidal forces, 27, 29, 56, Southern Hemisphere, Straight through finders, 57, 59, 100 10, 25, 44, 93, 99 80–81 Tidal shock, 35

Index Spectra of stars, 6 Structure Tirion, Wil, 89 Spectroscopic binaries, 21 of globular clusters, Tombaugh 2, 48 Spectroscopy, 5, 8, 23 30–31 Tombaugh (Tom) Spherical aberration, 71 of open clusters, 16–18 catalogue, 197 Spherical component of (IBV), 7 Tonantzintla (Ton) the galaxy, 11 Summer Triangle, 44 catalogue, 197 Spiral arms, 9, 10, 16 , 7, 8, 18, 29, 30, 32, Transparency, 88 globular clusters and, 42 , 58 29, 31 characteristics of, 3 Triangulum Minor, 43 open clusters and, 13 classification of, 6 , 22, 118 properties of, 11 cosmic year of, 10 Trumpler, R. J., 20 star complexes and, 41 Super associations, 41, Trumpler (Tr) catalogue, stellar associations 50, 52 197 and, 38 Supergiants (I), 7 T Sco, 37 Spiral galaxies, 47, 51 Supernovae, 7 T Tauri stars, 40, 41 Square of Pegasus, 44 globular clusters and, Turner 7, 58 Star atlases, 89 26, 30 Turner 9, 58 Starburst clumps, 41 moving clusters and, Turner 11, 58 Starburst galaxies, 47, 49 42 TW Hydrae association, Star charts, 94 OB associations in, 39 41 Star Clusters (Archinal open clusters and, 14, 2MASS-GC01 and GC02, and Hynes), 63, 89 18, 20 35 Star complexes, 41–42 Super star clusters (SSC), 2Sky, 90 Star-hopping, 94 49–50, 52, 54, 55 Stars, 3–8 UKS 1, 33 birth of, 3–4 T1, 40 Ultra Dense HII regions, chemical content of, 5 T2, 40 47 classification of, 6–7 , 52 Unbound associations, 38 distance, size, and T associations, 38, 40–41 United Kingdom Schmidt mass, 7–8 Tauris-Auriga, 22 (UKS) catalogue, 197 magnitude of, 5–6, 8 Taurus, 13, 42, 43, 45, 57, Unit power finders, 81 total number in 97, 128f Upgren (Up) catalogue, universe, 3 Telescope mounts, 75–76 197 types of, 4 Telescopes, 70–71, 96–97 Upper Centaurus-Lupus, Steinecke, Wolfgang, 61 Telrad, 81 39 Stellar associations, 10, Terzan 5 (Ter 5), Upper Scorpius OB asso- 38–42 163–164 ciation, 39 extragalactic, 48–49 (Ter 7), 51 Uranometria 2000, 89 moving clusters, 42 Terzan 8 (Ter 8), 51 Uranometria Star Atlas, number of, 38 Terzan (Ter) catalogue, 62, 65 OB (see OB 99, 197 , 19, 33, 42, 43 associations) Teutsch catalogue, 197 observing, 97–98 Theta Piscium, 44 Van den Bergh-Hagen T, 38, 40–41 Thick discs, 12 (BH) catalogue, 197

210 Van den Bergh-Hagen Web cameras, 85, Winter Triangle, 44 (VdBerg) catalogue, 106–107 Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars, 197 , 50 6, 17, 22 Vega, 44 Westerlund (Westr) stars, 33 , 10, 32, 40, 62 catalogue, 197 Video astronomy, 106 stars, 7, 8, Xi Herculis, 45 , 37 28, 29 , 40 Index Visual Astronomy in the Whiting 1, 65 X-ray analysis, 36 Suburbs (Cooke), 89 Whiting, Tom, 44 X-ray binaries, 21, 52 Vulpecula, 44, 97, 176f Wide-field eyepieces, X-ray emissions, 21, 41 78 Wandering globulars, 32 . See Yellow stars, 31 Water Jar, 43 M11 Young massive clusters Waterloo catalogue, 197 (H) (YMC), 50, 54, 55 Weather, 88 catalogue, 197 Webb Society, 62–63, 64, , 48 Zenith, 75, 88, 92 91, 109 Willman-Bell, 90 Zeta Aquarii, 43

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