AURA/NOAO ANNUAL REPORT

FY 2008

Submitted to the National Science Foundation July 23, 2008 Revised as Complete and Submitted December 23, 2008

NGC 660, ~13 Mpc from the , is a peculiar, polar ring that resulted from two colliding. It consists of a nearly edge-on disk and a strongly warped outer disk. Image Credit: T.A. Rector/University of Alaska, Anchorage

NATIONAL OPTICAL ASTRONOMY OBSERVATORY

NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008 Submitted to the National Science Foundation December 23, 2008

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 1 1 SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES AND FINDINGS ...... 2 1.1 Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory...... 2 The Once and Future η Carinae...... 2 A Stellar Merger and a Missing ...... 3 Imaging the COSMOS...... 3 The Hubble Constant from a Gravitational Lens...... 4 A New Dwarf in the Period Gap...... 4 The Sooty RV Coronae Borealis...... 4 1.2 Kitt Peak National Observatory...... 4 Broad Scientific and Educational Impact Continues...... 4 New Disk Paradigm from a Model Diverse Scientific Partnership ...... 5 The Better Known Dark Matter ...... 5 Multiwavelength Science Enabled by KPNO Observations...... 6 Small Telescope Helps Discover Future Binary System ...... 6 Completed NOAO Survey Programs Produce New Discoveries...... 6 KPNO’s Role in Graduate Education and Developing Instrumentalists ...... 6 1.3 NOAO Gemini Science Center ...... 7 GNIRS Observations of a Blast Wave from the 1843 Eruption of η Carinae...... 7 The Gemini Deep Survey...... 7 2 GROUND-BASED O/IR OBSERVING SYSTEM...... 10 2.1 Strategy and Goals ...... 10 2.2 CTIO Telescopes...... 10 Blanco 4-m Telescope...... 11 Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR) Telescope ...... 12 SMARTS Consortium Operation of the CTIO Small Telescopes...... 13 Tenant Observatories...... 13 Infrastructure and Support...... 13 Site Protection...... 14 2.3 KPNO Telescopes ...... 14 The National Observatory Celebrates 50 ...... 15 Mayall 4-m Telescope...... 15 WIYN 3.5-m Telescope ...... 16 2.1-m Telescope ...... 17 Tenant Observatories...... 18 Relations with the Tohono O’odham Nation...... 19 Operations and Instrumentation Partnerships...... 19 General Site Infrastructure Improvements...... 19 Site Protection...... 19 2.4 The Gemini Observatory...... 20 Support of U.S. Gemini Users and Proposers...... 20 Providing U.S. Scientific and Operational Input to Gemini...... 21 U.S. Gemini Instrumentation Program ...... 22

i NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

2.5 System Development ...... 22 ReSTAR ...... 23 ...... 25 2.6 System Implementation ...... 26 Telescope System Instrumentation Program...... 26 Telescope Time Allocation...... 26 2.7 System Instrumentation ...... 27 NOAO Extremely Wide-Field IR Imager ...... 27 SOAR Adaptive Optics Module...... 28 MONSOON Detector Controller...... 29 ReSTAR Implementation ...... 30 2.8 NOAO Data Products Program...... 30 Data Management System ...... 30 Science Support Software ...... 32 National Virtual Observatory...... 33 2.9 Large-Aperture Synoptic Survey Telescope ...... 34 Telescope and Site...... 34 Science and Science Collaboration...... 35 2.10 Giant Segmented Mirror Telescope ...... 35 Staffing ...... 36 Web Site ...... 36 GSMT Science Working Group ...... 36 ELT Development Support and Technical Monitoring ...... 37 ELT Site Selection: Site Testing for the Thirty Meter Telescope...... 38 FY08 Technical Papers by GSMTPO Staff ...... 38 3 NOAO-WIDE PROGRAMS...... 39 3.1 Public Affairs and Educational Outreach...... 39 Educational Outreach...... 39 Public Outreach...... 43 3.2 Administration Services...... 45 NOAO North...... 45 NOAO South...... 45 3.3 Facilities Operations ...... 46 NOAO North...... 46 NOAO South...... 47 3.4 Computer Infrastructure and Network Services...... 47 NOAO North...... 47 NOAO South...... 48 APPENDICES

A NOAO1 Scientific Staff Activity B FY08 Budget Information by Program C Scientific Staff Publications FY08 D Key Management and Scientific Personnel Changes FY08 E Publications Using Data from NOAO Telescopes F Observing Programs and Investigators—Semesters 2008A/B G New Organizational Partners and Collaborations in FY08 H Diversity and Broader Participation within NOAO I Fourth Quarter Site Safety Report J Scientific Program Orders and Amendments

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The 2006 report of the NSF AST Senior Review panel defined a clear mission for NOAO within the so-called NSF O/IR Base Program: deliver community access to an optimized suite of high performance telescopes with apertures in the range of 2–10 meters, manage the Telescope System Instrumentation Program, and operate existing telescopes at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile and Kitt Peak National Observatory in the U.S. During 2008, NOAO met these expectations while taking measured steps to prepare for the future. In addition, NOAO continued to work towards meeting the broadening participation expectations laid out by the recent high-level NSF action plan. NOAO continued to operate and improve the 2–4-meter-class facilities at Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO) and Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO). Facilities infrastructure support was also provided to a broad range of tenant and partner facilities at both sites. Optical and near- wide-field imaging that is best-of-class or competitive at the international level continues to be a core capability, significantly augmented this by the deployment of the near-IR imager NEWFIRM at the KPNO Mayall 4-m telescope. Significant progress was made towards the completion of the One-Degree Imager for the WIYN 3.5-m telescope and the Dark Energy Camera for the Blanco 4-m telescope. The construction of new optical and near- infrared spectrographs has been proposed as part of the ReSTAR implementation program. Behind the scenes, NOAO completed several significant infrastructure renewal projects at KPNO and CTIO. Beyond KPNO and CTIO, the ReSTAR implementation program envisions supporting initial operations and one instrument at the Discovery Channel Telescope, as well as on-going operations at the Palomar Hale 5.2-m telescope in return for community access. In terms of nights, the Gemini Observatory provides the most U.S. community access at the 6– 10-meter-level and the NOAO Gemini Science Center continues to be the U.S. gateway to Gemini. NOAO provided community access to additional large-aperture nights at the Keck, Magellan, and MMT observatories as a return for NSF investment in instrumentation projects at those observatories through the NOAO-managed Telescope System Instrument Program (TSIP). The ALTAIR committee was convened this year to discuss future community needs within the current 6–10-meter-telescope . Looking further into the future, NOAO remained engaged in the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope project as the project leader for telescope system and site development. Science engagement in such areas of community participation, operations simulations, and calibration planning also continued. As requested by the NSF, NOAO continued to act as the national program manager for the Giant Segmented Mirror Telescope development and community engagement efforts. The NOAO Public Outreach and Educational Outreach program carried out a broad and varied program that touched on many aspects of the NSF goals of broadening the participation of under- represented individuals, groups, and institutions. Scientific demand as measured by over-subscription rates remained strong for the facilities NOAO operated or to which NOAO provided access. There is a clear trend that modern, world-class instruments are in more demand. Scientific productivity measured by number of papers published by the community-at-large and the NOAO staff in particular also remained strong. While the NOAO core program remains productive and well matched to the expectations of the NSF Senior Review, there are financial clouds on the horizon. The NOAO budget has consistently fallen behind inflation in recent years in both the U.S. and Chile. Challenges have also been created by fluctuations in the dollar-to-Chilean-peso exchange rate. If these trends continue, it will be difficult in the next few years to meet the near-term and future expectations of the Senior Review.

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1 SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES AND FINDINGS

1.1 CERRO TOLOLO INTER-AMERICAN OBSERVATORY

The Once and Future Supernova η Carinae

The bright star η Carinae is one of the most massive objects in the sky. The principal star appears to have a mass in excess of 100 solar masses and may have a companion with mass of about 40 solar masses. The star is surrounded by a spectacular , showing two large lobes and a disky belt. In 1843, η Carinae underwent a large increase in , termed the Great Eruption. It has since become fainter, but with large variations. Using data from the Cerro Tololo Blanco 4-m telescope, Prof. Nathan Smith of the University of California at Berkeley imaged and studied the cloud of gas and dust ejected by the Great Eruption, known as the , as well as a fainter and more distant shell from a similar eruption thought to have occurred about 1,000 years ago. Prof. Smith discovered gaseous filaments from the 1843 eruption moving five times faster than the expanding shell (Figure 1). It is proposed that this star attempted to explode in 1843 but that the explosion failed, because of its very large mass, and resulted in the ejection of about 10 solar masses of material. The paper was published in , vol. 455, p. 201.

Figure 1: Homunculus Nebula: expanding gaseous filaments from the 1843 eruption.

The star is probably doomed to explode in the near future, because it is still too massive to end its life quietly. The observations open a new window into the complex interplay between massive , the , and how energy and metals are returned to the gas to fuel new .

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A Stellar Merger and a Missing White Dwarf

Planetary nebulae are formed when a -like star reaches the end of its life and sheds its outer layers in the interstellar medium. These tenuous shells of gas are excited by hard from the hot, naked, stellar nucleus (a white dwarf). SuWt2 (Figure 2) appears like a beautiful example of a but there is no white dwarf at its center. Instead, a tight binary is found in the center of the nebula, but neither of the stars is hot enough to excite the gas. A group of researchers led by K. Exter and H. Bond of the Space Telescope Science Institute used the CTIO 1.5-m telescope to show that what likely happened is a case of stellar cannibalism. The stars were born as a tight pair plus a more distant and more massive companion. When the latter star evolved, it expanded into a red giant and engulfed its two companions. Eventually, the envelope of the red giant was ejected and only a faint white dwarf was left, while the rest of the two former stellar members survive at the center of the planetary nebula. These findings were presented at the July meeting of the American Figure 2: Appearances can be deceiving. The SuWt2 Astronomical Society in St. Louis (MO). nebula actually has a tight binary at its center instead of what appears to be a white dwarf. Imaging the COSMOS

COSMOS is a wide-field survey carried out with the (HST) Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS). Unlike most HST studies, this survey images a nearly 2-degree field of view. This provides unprecedented insight into the properties of distant galaxies. In order to exploit this to the maximum, the COSMOS team has been collecting additional data from ground-based and space telescopes to obtain deep optical images, infrared images, radio, and X-ray data. The Cerro Tololo Blanco 4-m telescope has also been used for this study. A team led by Dr. Bahram Mobasher of the University of California at Riverside has used the large-field Infrared Side Port Imager (ISPI) on the Blanco telescope to image the COSMOS field in the K band. Because galaxies are dominated by old stars, this will allow the team to study the stellar masses of their galaxies. The results of this work have just been submitted. Figure 3 shows one of the ACS images of the 1.7-deg2 COSMOS survey.

Figure 3: An ACS image from the COSMOS survey. Imaged in the K band with the Blanco telescope ISPI.

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The Hubble Constant from a Gravitational Lens

Vuissoz et al. (2008, A&A, 488, 481) of the Astrophysics Laboratory of the Federal Polytechnic School in Lausanne, Switzerland, used the CTIO 1.3-m telescope to monitor light variations in a gravitational lens system. This requires a long period of monitoring (221 days) and can only be carried out thanks to the flexible scheduling and service mode of operation of the SMARTS Consortium, which operates four of the small telescopes at CTIO; NOAO is a consortium member and community astronomers get approximately one quarter of the telescope time. From the observations, they derived a value for the Hubble Constant, obtaining H0 = 67 km/s, which is consistent with the value measured by WMAP, 73 km/s, from an analysis of the cosmic background.

A New in the Period Gap Cataclysmic variables are low-mass binaries orbiting a white dwarf. It is thought that accretion of material from the star onto the white dwarfs eventually causes nova explosions and, depending on the relative masses of the two stars and the accretion mechanisms, may be the main channel for the production of Type Ia supernovae, which are the standard candle of choice for measurement of the evolving cosmological constant. The of the binary is modified by transfer and loss as the stars evolve. In particular, it has proved difficult to reproduce the observed distribution of binary periods for cataclysmic variables. One feature of the period distribution is the so-called period gap, where few stars have orbital periods between two and three hours. Contreras and Tappert (2008, A&A, 486, 529) of the University of Valparaiso, Chile, used the CTIO Ritchey-Chrétien Spectrograph on the Blanco 4-m telescope to measure radial velocities for a cataclysmic variable and report on the discovery of a rare binary in the period gap. Such objects are important to understand the dynamical evolution of these objects and refine models for nova and supernova explosions.

The Sooty Star RV Coronae Borealis

Stars at the end of their lifetime often produce large dust cocoons that shroud the evolving stellar remnant. These dust cocoons are the main mechanism by which metals are returned to the interstellar medium. Study of the few stars that are observed to be evolving rapidly, at the end of the AGB phase when dust is abundantly produced, is essentially to understand the details of this process. Rao and Lambert (2008, MNRAS, 384, 477) of the Indian Institute of Astrophysics in Bangalore, India, and the McDonald Observatory, Texas, have used the Blanco 4-m telescope to obtain high-resolution spectra of the classical AGB star RV Coronae Borealis. They found evidence that the star is producing large amounts of -rich soot.

1.2 KITT PEAK NATIONAL OBSERVATORY

Broad Scientific and Educational Impact Continues

The telescopes of Kitt Peak National Observatory and those of our sister observatories that share the NSF lease to operate on Iolkam Duag (Kitt Peak) continue to have broad scientific and educational impact. Twenty-six telescopes currently operate on the mountain. These include those operated by the National Optical Astronomy Observatory, the National Solar Observatory, and the National Observatory, as well as many telescopes operated by individual and groups of universities. Kitt Peak facilities are used for basic astrophysical research and education. In addition to professional astronomers, people learning about the through their use of KPNO telescopes or visiting Kitt Peak include the general public and students at all stages of their education. Students

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come from the Tohono O’odham Nation, Arizona, the U.S., and many other countries around the world. The impact of the work enabled by KPNO continues to be broad and diverse. Kitt Peak telescopes continue to enable scientific results of the highest quality and at a rate comparable to or higher than their larger 8-m cousins. For the past five years, refereed publications from KPNO-operated telescopes have surpassed 145 per year. The extremely broad range of topics studied covers distant galaxies to systems. The studies include papers based solely on data obtained from KPNO telescopes as well as synergistic studies blending data from a combination of space and ground-based observatories. The teams pursuing research at Kitt Peak are equally diverse.

New Paradigm from a Model Diverse Scientific Partnership

An excellent example of the diversity of the research teams and their research is the work of Howell et al. 2008 (“‘Dark Matter’ in Accretion Disks,” ApJ, 685, 418). A team comprised of three professional astronomers, three high school teachers, and three high school students (participating in the NOAO- Spitzer Research Based Science Education program) used data from the KPNO 2.1-m and to change our concept of how gas and dust are distributed in the binary WZ Sagittae, a cataclysmic variable (CV) system. Not only did the project yield an important new insight in the astrophysics of such interacting binary star systems, but it was a highlight of how NOAO can inspire students across the country to pursue science. The team was participating in a partnership between one of NASA’s great observatories and the NSF’s oldest ground-based observatory to aid teachers in developing the next generation of scientists. Howell’s team’s study of WZ Sagittae, a system comprised of a white accreting material from a companion low mass, revealed that our concept of how gas is distributed in the accretion disk of the CV system needs significant revision (see Figure 4), with the implication that similar revision of our models for all accretion disks might need to be revised in a similar manner. This work is a demonstration of NOAO’s success at supporting both forefront scientific research and science education.

Figure 4: An artist’s representation of two concepts of the accretion disk around the binary star system WZ Sagittae. The image on the left shows how astronomers believed the accreting material was distributed in the system prior to the new KPNO 2.1-m and Spitzer Space Telescope observations made by Howell et al. (2008). The new observations suggest a more complex distribution of the accreting material, with a thicker, cooler “disk” of material surrounding the previously believed thin accretion disk. The revised concept for the distribution of gaseous material in the expanded accretion disk is shown at right.

The Better Known Dark Matter

In the Howell et al. (2008) study, the “dark matter” is dust and gas. The term is more commonly used to refer to non-baryonic matter of unknown composition that is observed to have profound influence

5 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

on the observed properties of galaxies and systems of galaxies. The first demonstration of the importance of this kind of “dark matter” in the properties of normal galaxies was made with the help of NOAO telescopes (Rubin and Ford 1970; Rubin, Thonnard, and Ford 1980): similar work continues to be an area of active study for researchers using KPNO facilities. Examples in 2008 include studies of the dynamics of low surface brightness galaxies (Kuzio de Naray et al. 2008, ApJ, 676, 920) and studies of giant arcs produced by strong gravitational lensing (Hennawi et al. 2008, AJ, 135, 664).

Multiwavelength Science Enabled by KPNO Observations

The combination of KPNO Mayall 4-m and 2.1-m optical and near-IR imaging data over large fields coupled with Spitzer Space Telescope mid-IR imaging continues to provide new insights in the study of galaxy evolution. Examples of studies in 2008 include: brown dwarfs in the Orion molecular cloud (Peterson et al. 2008, ApJ, 685, 313), massive star-forming complexes (Chavarria et al. 2008, ApJ, 682, 445), the distribution in of the population of extragalactic 24-micron sources (Desai et al. 2008, ApJ, 679, 1204), and populations of a large population of mid-infrared-selected obscured active galaxies (Hickox et al. 2007, ApJ, 671, 1365).

Small Telescope Helps Discover Future Binary Black Hole System Even the smallest telescope on which KPNO regularly offers observing time, the WIYN Observatory 0.9-m telescope, is still making contributions worthy of publication in our leading journals (Stassun et al. 2008, Nature, 453, 1079, “Surprising Dissimilarities in a Newly Formed Pair of Identical Twin Stars”). The KPNO 2.1-m telescope also contributed to a result published in Nature during the past year. Using data from NASA’s Chandra X-ray Observatory, the Gemini North 8-m telescope, and the WIYN 3.5-m and the KPNO 2.1-m telescopes, a team of scientists identified the most massive (15.7 times the mass of the Sun) “stellar-sized” black hole known (Orosz et al. 2007, Nature, 449, 872; www.noao.edu/news/news_2007.html). Located in a known as M33 X-7, the black hole around its more massive companion—a star with a mass 70 times that of the Sun, putting it near the top of the theoretical limit for massive stars. This system is exciting for many reasons, including the possibility that it might eventually evolve into a binary black hole system.

Completed NOAO Survey Programs Produce New Discoveries

Previously completed NOAO Surveys continue to yield results at a high rate. For example, the NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey—a large optical, near-IR imaging survey that completed data collection in 2003 and released Boötes Field data products in 2004—has contributed to more than 100 refereed publications (www.noao.edu/noao/noaodeep/ndwfspublications.html). Results in 2008 include the identification of a significant population of very luminous dust-obscured galaxies at high redshift (Dey et al. 2008, ApJ, 677, 943), with implications for understanding the evolution of massive galaxies.

KPNO’s Role in Graduate Education and Developing Instrumentalists

The educational impact of the operations on Kitt Peak continued at a high level of quality and activity. The KPNO telescopes supported more than 25 Ph.D. programs during FY08, including travel and observing expenses in addition to the observing time. At least six of these students were involved in developing or commissioning new astronomical instruments during their observing runs at KPNO (e.g., Mahadevan et al. 2008, ApJ, 678, 1505). The non-NOAO observatories on the mountain supported many other doctoral dissertations as well. Groups of students from all over the country, including the Santa Rosa School of the Tohono O’odham Nation and the Tohono O’odham Community College, took advantage of the PAEO nighttime observing program (three telescopes available each night) during FY08.

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1.3 NOAO GEMINI SCIENCE CENTER

GNIRS Observations of a Blast Wave from the 1843 Eruption of η Carinae

Crucial observations taken with the Gemini Near-Infrared Spectrograph (GNIRS) on the Gemini- South telescope were used to detect high-velocity emission from He I λ1083.0 nm in a fast-flowing disk around the massive star η Carinae (Figure 5). Eta Car is one of the most luminous stars (perhaps the most luminous) in the and is a massive star evolving through the (LBV) phase of evolution. In a recent paper, Smith (2008, Nature, 455, 201) has used new data from GNIRS on Gemini-South to detect very high-speed gas (up to 2500 km/s) at much larger distances from η Car. The detection of this additional, very-high-velocity gas doubles the kinetic energy of the 19th century eruption, with the result that the outer shell of η Car now mimics a low- energy . The energy released during the 19th century eruption cannot be explained in terms of an extreme wind driven by the star’s luminosity, but instead probably arises from a deep-seated explosion rivaling a supernova. A likely explanation is that η Car is evolving through pulsational pair-instability episodes. Pair instability occurs in evolved, very massive stars (>90–100 solar masses) when temperatures in -burning regions become high enough that gamma- ray photons create electron-positron pairs. This process results in large amounts of thermal energy going into masses of increasingly abundant electron-positron pairs, instead of providing thermal pressure, with the resulting rapid contraction leading to a thermonuclear explosion, but the explosive burning does not necessarily release enough energy to unbind the star. These explosions are expected to eject several solar masses of stellar material and Figure 5: (top panel) The orientation of the 25×0.3- may repeat on cycles of decades to centuries arcsecond GNIRS slit crossing the northwest polar lobe to millennia, as observed in η Car. The full of the η Car nebula. The underlying image consists of paper can be found in Nature (11 September composite-color visual wavelength frames taken with 2008 issue) with author Nathan Smith. WFPC2 on HST and is shown for a comparison of the ejecta morphology with the slit placement. (bottom panel) The position-velocity map as defined by the He I The Gemini Deep Planet Survey emission line. The broad horizontal strip is due to scattered light from dust, while the He I emission can be An international team of astronomers from observed outside of this structure over a large range of velocities. the Gemini partner countries of the U.S.,

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Canada, and the U.K. published the first results from the Gemini Deep Planet Survey (GDPS). This large, joint program is a near-infrared adaptive optics search for giant and brown dwarfs around 85 nearby young stars. The observations were made with the ALTAIR/NIRI adaptive optics system at the Gemini-North telescope, with the goal being to constrain the population of -mass planets whose orbits have semi-major axes in the range of 10–300 astronomical units (AU). This work constitutes the largest and most sensitive published survey aimed at the detection of giant planets that their parent stars at large distances. These limits are low enough to detect planets more massive than ~2 MJup with projected separations of 40–200 AU around typical target stars. More than 300 faint candidate were detected around 54 of the 85 stars observed; however, follow-up observations at a second revealed that all of the candidates were unrelated background objects. Figure 6 illustrates the angular differential imaging (ADI) technique (developed by this group) for one of the target stars.

Figure 6: An illustration of the ADI process: (a) A 30-second image of a young star, HD 691, after subtraction of an azimuthally symmetric median intensity profile. (b and c) The residual image (with different intensity scales shown) after ADI subtraction. (d) A median combination of 117 such residual images with the diffraction spikes from the secondary mirror support vanes and the central saturated region masked. The faint point source (a background star) above the bright target star is 14.9 magnitudes fainter than HD 691.

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The upper limits established in this work, the most precise to date, suggest that there is not a large population of giant exoplanets orbiting their parent stars at distances greater than the size of their own planetary system. More than 200 exoplanets have been discovered over the last decade through precise measurements of (RV) variations of their primary star. The RV technique is most sensitive to planets on small orbits around other stars, but it cannot currently be used to search for and characterize planets with orbits larger than ~10 AU, i.e., larger than the orbit of in our solar system. Thus, direct imaging searches for planets, such as GDPS, complement the RV surveys, with the combination of the two techniques improving our understanding of the formation and evolution of planetary systems. The full paper can be found in The Astrophysical Journal (1 December 2007 issue) with authors D. Lefreniere, R. Doyon, C. Marois, D. Nadeau, B. R. Oppenheimer, P. F. Roche, F. Rigaut, J. R. Graham, R. Jayawardhana, D. Johnstone, P. G. Kalas, B. Macintosh, and R. Racine.

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2 GROUND-BASED O/IR OBSERVING SYSTEM

2.1 STRATEGY AND GOALS

The concept of an NSF-supported optical-infrared (O/IR) astronomy base program was first articulated by the 2001 Decadal Survey report and affirmed by the NSF Division of Astronomical Sciences Senior Review Committee in 2006. Moreover, the Senior Review report asserted that this NSF base program should be led by NOAO. Within the U.S. community-at-large, this base program is more commonly known as the U.S. O/IR System. The key NOAO scientific mission within this system is clear: deliver community access to an optimized suite of high performance telescopes with apertures in the range of 2–10 m and compelling instrumentation with broad capabilities. To do that, NOAO is working with U.S. and international observatories as well as NSF to develop an open access system of ground-based facilities that spans a balanced range of telescope aperture size and scientific capability. Continued operation of KPNO and CTIO at a robust level is central to System development for the immediate future. Furthermore, NOAO wants to enhance that System on behalf of the community-at-large through participation in the development of new major facilities such as the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope and Giant Segmented Mirror Telescope. NOAO participation can come in several ways, but the main goal is to assure that the requirements of the community-at-large are satisfied by whatever major facilities seek NSF funding and later reach fruition. In this section, NOAO activities during FY08 towards fulfilling those missions are described. These activities included maintenance and improvement of the existing facilities, development work for future facilities, and community engagement activities to understand how the community can most efficiently use the current set of System capabilities and how the community wants the System to evolve in the future. In general, the same types of needs for new and existing capabilities must be addressed system-wide: the renewal of infrastructure to modern standards, the ongoing development of high-performance capabilities, and the management of open-access, whether to the federal facilities or to non-federal facilities, made available through various types of partnerships. Thus, the discussion below is divided into sections that describe the programmatic work accomplished at the federal facilities (sections 2.2, 2.3, and 2.4), the activities aimed at harnessing community discussion into a viable plan that addresses community needs (section 2.5), and the suite of activities needed for implementing this plan, including those that are smaller programs focused on management (section 2.6), and those that are larger programs focused on the real production of new capabilities for the community (sections 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, and 2.10).

2.2 CTIO TELESCOPES

Activities at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in FY08 were focused in six areas: (1) operating the Blanco telescope with a suite of wide-field instruments, (2) operating SOAR with two instruments and successfully commissioning a third, (3) upgrading and improving the Tololo telescopes and their support infrastructure, (4) advancing the Dark Energy Survey (DES) project, (5) facilitating operations of the small telescopes by the SMARTS II Consortium, and (6) actively working with new clients who wish to place projects on Cerro Tololo. Other important activities associated with CTIO are education and outreach and instrument building. Both are covered elsewhere in this report.

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Blanco 4-m Telescope

The Blanco telescope has performed reliably throughout FY08, with 92% of the time assigned for science. Although only a small fraction of the telescope time was devoted to scheduled engineering activities in FY08, excellent progress was made on upgrades and improvement projects for the telescope, and substantial engineering time in FY09 will be devoted to installation and testing of these. Chief among these projects is replacement of the Telescope Control System (TCS), which includes installation of tape encoders on both telescope axes to replace the complex system of shaft encoders. Both tape encoders were recently installed and are being tested. The TCS upgrade project not only utilizes designs and components that are an evolution of those in use at the SOAR telescope, it also is part of the development work for LSST. The new TCS will provide substantially better telescope tracking, pointing precision, and reduced times to slew to a new object, along with a much improved ability to interface to other telescope systems and instruments. Despite replacement of broken primary mirror radial supports in a 2006 shutdown, three more supports have detached from the primary mirror. A definitive fix for this recurring problem—one that has been with the telescope since it was new—requires new designs and very careful placement of all 24 supports on fresh glass, achieved by rotating the primary mirror by 7.5 degrees from its present orientation. During FY08, construction of redesigned parts commenced, and a review of the planning and procedures for the anticipated month-long shutdown in FY09 took place.

Blanco Instrumentation

ƒ Mosaic 2: The Mosaic imager at prime focus continues to be the most popular Blanco instrument, being scheduled for over 40 percent of the observing time. It remains the pre- eminent wide-field optical imaging camera-telescope combination in the Southern Hemisphere. Substantial improvements to reliability were made as a result of improvements to the synchronization circuitry of the four CCD controllers.

ƒ ISPI: The Infrared Side Port Imager has been in use at the Blanco for the last five years and is, until the operation of ESO’s VISTA commences, the widest-field large-telescope IR imager in the Southern Hemisphere, covering 10.25 arc minutes square with a sampling rate of 0.33 arc seconds per pixel over a wavelength range of 1–2.4 microns. This complements the small-field, high angular resolution near-IR imaging capability soon to be available with the SPARTAN IR Imager at SOAR and the infrared instrumentation at Gemini-South.

ƒ -CTIO: Hydra is the third Blanco wide-field instrument; it can be installed concurrently with Mosaic and ISPI. Regular maintenance in FY08 has maintained a satisfactory level of reliability of this complex instrument, and it remains popular despite being significantly outclassed by instruments on the Anglo-Australian Telescope and .

ƒ RC Spectrograph: The Ritchey-Chrétien Spectrograph, a medium-dispersion long-slit spectrograph, gained in popularity in 2008. Possibly, this will be a long-term trend as a result of the increasing need for spectroscopic follow-up of imaging surveys. Despite the advantages of operating the Blanco telescope with a fixed instrument complement, we will continue to offer the RC Spectrograph at the Blanco telescope, unless the spectroscopic time requested is proven to be fully satisfied by the Goodman Spectrograph on SOAR.

ƒ Dark Energy Camera: Excellent progress was made on several fronts relating to the DES project, which plans to conduct a 5000-square-degree imaging survey on the Blanco telescope starting in late 2011. This project will use 30% of the observing time for five years to carry out a

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four-pronged project to study dark energy. The 500-Gpixel CCD Dark Energy Camera (DECam) and its data system will also be available as a facility instrument for NOAO users. During FY08, the project underwent two joint DOE-NSF reviews, with the result that DOE permission was granted and funding allocated to carry the project through to completion. The NSF-funded DES Data Management also received a positive ranking, and grant funding was received as a result. The five-element optical corrector elements, critical path items, were successfully cast and polishing has commenced. The fully-depleted red-sensitive CCDs entered production phase at LBL. The hexapod mounts for the instrument are proceeding via a proof-of- design contract that will be followed by manufacture of the six hexapods. A great deal of progress has been made on all aspects of the instrument and the data management. It is on schedule for delivery to CTIO in December 2010 with first light expected in March 2011.

Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR) Telescope

During FY08, the SOAR telescope performed reliably to a high standard. Commissioning activities moved from telescope systems to instrumentation, with imaging and single slit modes of the Goodman Spectrograph being offered to visitors in shared risk mode for semester 2008A, and being available without restriction in 2008B. It joins the two NOAO-supplied instruments, the SOAR Optical Imager (SOI) and Ohio State Infrared Imager and Spectrometer (OSIRIS). Telescope time scheduled for science approached the 60% level, arranged as two-week blocks each month, centered on New .

SOAR Telescope Instrumentation

ƒ SOI: The SOAR Optical Imager, built at CTIO, has been regularly used on SOAR for commissioning and science activities. Following re-cementing of the triplet corrector in FY07 using an improved process, the instrument has performed reliably.

ƒ OSIRIS: The Ohio State Infrared Imager and Spectrometer, which is fitted with a CTIO 1K×1K Rockwell HgCdTe array, was moved to SOAR after several years of use on the Blanco telescope and successfully commissioned in FY05. It provides both an imaging and a modest-resolution near-infrared spectroscopy capability (up to R=3000) for the NOAO and SOAR communities.

ƒ The Goodman Spectrograph: As described above, the Goodman Spectrograph with a Fairchild 4K CCD camera was successfully commissioned in two of its three modes during FY08. Detailed characterization and enhancements to the observing software continued in parallel with scheduled observing. A -cutting machine, which will allow cutting of masks for the Goodman Spectrograph multi-object mode and also for GMOS on Gemini-South, was purchased by SOAR partners Brazil and Gemini and installed in La Serena. The multi-object mode of the Goodman Spectrograph is expected to begin commissioning in mid FY09.

ƒ Other SOAR Instruments: Construction and testing of the Michigan State University 4K×4K IR imager SPARTAN was completed and, following a successful pre-delivery review, the instrument was shipped to CTIO at the very end of FY08. The Brazilian-built Integral- Field-Unit Spectrograph (SIFS) is not expected to arrive at SOAR before early FY10, with the high-resolution SOAR Telescope Echelle Spectrograph (STELES) to follow. NOAO is providing engineering support for some of the STELES design work.

ƒ SAM: The SOAR Adaptive Optics Module, being built at CTIO as part of the NOAO System Instrumentation program, is described in section 2.7.

12 GROUND-BASED O/IR OBSERVING SYSTEM

SMARTS Consortium Operation of the CTIO Small Telescopes

The Small and Moderate Aperture Telescope Research System (SMARTS) Consortium completed its second year of operation as SMARTS II in December 2007. The instrument complement and operations mode remain an attractive complement of imagers and spectrographs with classical, service, and queue operational modes available. A new capability, high-resolution spectroscopy using the ex- Blanco Echelle in fiber-fed mode, was developed in collaboration with San Francisco State University. With an Iodine cell, the instrument is stable enough for planet searches on bright stars using the radial velocity method. The 1.5-m Cassegrain spectrograph continues to be available, and it is possible to switch between the two spectrographs in less than 30 minutes. NOAO users averaged 25% of the scheduled time on the 0.9-m, 1.0-m, 1.3-m, and 1.5-m telescopes over the course of FY08.

Tenant Observatories

The University of North Carolina Panchromatic Robotic Optical Monitoring and Polarimetry Telescopes (PROMPT) project consists of six small telescopes that rapidly follow-up gamma-ray bursts discovered by the SWIFT and subsequently trigger a target-of-opportunity interrupt at SOAR. At other times, the telescopes will make observations as part of an extensive education and outreach program in North Carolina. Full science operations for four of the telescopes began at the start of FY06, and the facility has successfully made GRB follow-up observations during the past two years. U.S. institutions operate two other telescopes on Cerro Tololo. The University of Michigan operates the 0.6/0.9-m Curtis Schmidt telescope, which is used part-time in a NASA-funded project to catalog space debris in geosynchronous orbits. The SARA Corporation reached an agreement with Lowell Observatory to roboticize the 0.4-m Lowell telescope. During FY08, a new telescope dome was installed as part of the refurbishment. Discussions were held with several other U.S. institutions regarding siting of facilities on Cerro Tololo. The Wisconsin H Mapper (WHAM) project (lead institution University of Wisconsin) removed its robotic telescope from Kitt Peak in FY08 and will install it at Cerro Tololo in early FY09. The Las Cumbres Global Network Observatory was assigned a site for their facility, which consists of three 1.0-m and six 0.4-m telescopes. Installation and commissioning of these telescopes is expected to begin late in FY09. CTIO continued to host a Global Oscillations Network Group (GONG) station; the Swarthmore Robotic Survey camera; the Portable Ionospheric Camera and Small-Scale Observatory (PICASSO) imager project, operated by the University of Illinois to study the Earth’s upper atmosphere and ionosphere; and a lunar scintillometer and transient camera belonging to the Advanced Liquid-mirror Probe for Astrophysics, Cosmology and (ALPACA) project (lead institution Columbia University).

Infrastructure and Support

With the increased funding for CTIO telescope and facilities upgrades and maintenance that resulted from the NSF Senior Facilities Review recommendations, better technical and scientific support for telescope operations was provided in FY08 compared to earlier years, although the scientific support levels are still sub-optimal. Particular attention was paid to maintenance items deferred from earlier years and to restocking of critical, often difficult-to-obtain spares. Maintenance procedures were documented and revised where necessary.

13 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

Site Protection

The Office for the Protection of the Sky of Northern Chile (OPCC) was created by the Chilean Environment Protection Agency (CONAMA) and the professional optical observatories operating in Chile (CTIO, Gemini, SOAR, ESO, LCO) in May 2000, with the primary objectives as follows: (1) informing and sensitizing the public, authorities, and companies about the justifications of protecting the night sky in northern Chile as a distinctive environmental heritage; (2) providing information and monitoring compliance of the standard (Supreme Decree No. 686, DS696) and other related legislation, including providing support to the enforcement agencies; (3) providing technical support for replacing or adopting illumination systems to comply with the light pollution standard for municipalities and companies. The office is funded by all the above observatories and consists of two people: the head and a technical assistant. CTIO provides administrative support to the OPCC, while both Gemini and CTIO provide small amounts of scientific and technical support for activities in the IV region of Chile, within which the AURA property is situated. LCO and ESO provide similar support for activities in the IIi and II regions of Chile, respectively. For FY08, CTIO concentrated its activities on working directly with the 11 municipalities in the IV region that are in the process of changing over their lighting fixtures to those compliant with the DS696 standard. Significant effort has been spent helping to force regularization of the bid process for lighting fixture replacement in the II region city of Antofagasta. Other non-regular activities included measuring sky brightness at a wide range of communities and public and professional observatories surrounding Pachón and Tololo. All the above activities are designed to keep the skies above the professional observatories in their present pristine state for many decades to come, despite the considerable increase in population over the past 20 years, coupled with the development of the La Serena region as a popular tourist destination. The observatories on the AURA site are protected from mining development on the property, however, it is important to monitor possible developments adjacent to the site because such activities have the potential to produce light and possibly dust pollution. AURA contracts a specialist company for this on-going task. The areas within a few kilometers of the property are not expected in general to be opened for mining, however, the high commodity prices in FY07–FY08 have encouraged mining of relatively low-yield ores, and some nearby development is evidently being considered. The recent abatement of the commodity prices has perhaps lowered the risk.

2.3 KPNO TELESCOPES

To prepare for our next 50 years of scientific exploration, we have begun a five-year program to modernize and improve our facilities. Additionally, we have begun the process of addressing issues of deferred maintenance for the entire site. During FY08, significant steps were made to keep our telescopes equipped with forefront instruments, to broaden the involvement of young astronomers in the use and development of new instruments, and to support exciting and world-class research activities. NEWFIRM, the new wide- field near-infrared (IR) imager entered routine science operations at the Mayall 4-m telescope. The new, high spatial resolution, near-IR imager went into service at the WIYN 3.5-m telescope. The upgrade of the Bench Spectrograph at WIYN was nearly completed. Efforts continued to improve communication with the Tohono O’odham Nation, the hosts for our observatory, including an increase in coordinated outreach activities with the help of PAEO. The effort to preserve our dark sky continued at both the local and federal level. The general quality of operations remained high. The combined down time due to technical problems for the Mayall 4-m telescope, WIYN 3.5-m, and 2.1-m telescopes was 3 percent, and time lost due to poor weather was 23 percent, close to the historical average.

14 GROUND-BASED O/IR OBSERVING SYSTEM

The National Observatory Celebrates 50 Years

The NSF announced its decision to create a national observatory for the support of optical astronomy research open to all qualified researchers based on the merit of their proposals in March of 1958. The observatory on Kitt Peak was dedicated in March of 1960. Starting in 2008 and continuing through 2010, we will recognize the 50th anniversary of the observatory with a variety of events.

Mayall 4-m Telescope Staff from KPNO, the University of Maryland (through our instrumentation partnership agreement), and the Data Products Program supported the efforts of System Instrumentation to put the NOAO Extremely Wide-Field IR Imager (NEWFIRM, PI R. Probst) into routine science operations. This major milestone was accomplished during the second half of FY08. NEWFIRM has a 27×27 arcmin field of view with 0.4 arcsec per pixel 1–2.4 microns and will operate at the R-C focus of both the Mayall and Blanco telescopes. Additional information regarding the commissioning of NEWFIRM by System Instrumentation is available in section 2.7. NEWFIRM is now operating as designed and supporting several major survey programs, as well as smaller investigations. During FY08, a large portable clean room (Figure 7) was successfully installed at the Mayall to facilitate the changing of NEWFIRM filters without transporting the instrument to Tucson for servicing. Figure 7: New portable clean room at the Mayall This minimizes risk to the instrument and maximizes 4-m telescope for support of NEWFIRM. the time the instrument is available for science operations. NEWFIRM is currently scheduled to move to the Blanco 4-m telescope in 2010. During a late summer shutdown of the Mayall, significant maintenance work was successfully completed that included the re-aluminization of the primary mirror, major repairs to cracked rails supporting the Dome, and an upgrade of the telescope control system router.

Mayall Instrumentation

ƒ Mosaic 1: The Mosaic imager, the widest field optical imager offered at KPNO, is used at the prime focus of the Mayall. It has proven to be quite reliable at both the Mayall and the WIYN 0.9-m telescopes.

ƒ Simultaneous Quad IR Imager (SQIID): This near-IR imager allows simultaneous J, H, and K pass band imaging and is a favorite of proposers that need multi-band data over a modest field of view. This instrument is available at both the Mayall and 2.1-m telescopes.

ƒ FLAMINGOS IR Imaging Spectrometer: The first cryogenic multi-slit near-IR imaging spectrograph in the world, FLAMINGOS was built by Richard Elston and his colleagues at the University of Florida with modest assistance with the detector and initial funding from NOAO/KPNO. The instrument is showing its age and could use some refurbishment, but it is still breaking new ground with the aid of a new integral field unit provided by Steve Eikenberry and the University of Florida.

15 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

ƒ InfraRed Multi-Object Spectrograph (IRMOS): John Mackenty and his colleagues at Goddard Space Flight Center built this groundbreaking near-IR spectrograph to test micro- mirror technology for future space missions as an alternative to multiple cold slit masks for cryogenic near-IR spectroscopy. IRMOS now provides KPNO observers with a flexible near- IR multi-object spectrograph.

ƒ Multi-Aperture Red Spectrometer (MARS) and RC Spectrograph: These two low to moderate optical spectrographs continue in service, although upgrades to the guiders, detectors, and controllers are desirable. Nod-and-shuffle, an observing mode with MARS that allows improved sky-background subtraction continues to be an offered observing mode.

ƒ Echelle: The venerable Echelle Spectrograph continues to be offered. Over the past year, several of the TAC’s highest ranked proposals have requested this instrument.

ƒ Visitor Instruments: Scientists continue to bring visitor instruments to test innovative technologies and observing modes (e.g., visiting Speckle Camera).

WIYN 3.5-m Telescope The WIYN Observatory, which is the home of both the WIYN 3.5-m and 0.9-m telescopes, successfully recruited a new director during FYO8. Dr. Pierre Martin took the helm of the observatory on 22 September 2008, replacing Dr. George Jacoby. The most modern of the telescopes operated on Kitt Peak, the WIYN Observatory 3.5-m telescope successfully commissioned or improved three new instruments during FY08. The new instruments brought near-IR imaging with excellent delivered image quality as a new capability for WIYN, tested important aspects of an innovative new method of optical imaging necessary for the future deployment of the One-Degree Imager (ODI) in 2010, and improved the sensitivity of WIYN’s fiber-fed spectrographic observing modes. The WIYN High-Resolution Infrared Camera (WHIRC; PI M. Meixner, STScI), built by Space Telescope Science Institute, University of Wisconsin, and John Hopkins University, with major contributions from WIYN Observatory, KPNO, and System Instrumentation staff, was successfully commissioned and accepted (October 2008) as a General Use Instrument. QUOTA, the optical imager that served as the technology prototype for ODI and is scheduled for commissioning in 2010, had several successful engineering runs on the telescope, demonstrating control of the innovative orthogonal transfer array (OTA) CCDs with a MONSOON controller built by NOAO System Instrumentation (SI). Several observing modes of the future ODI were also tested. The test results proved that significant improvement of the delivered image quality will be possible over the entire field of view of ODI through the use of the OTA devices. A combination of WIYN partner funding and awards from the NSF (ATI and TSIP programs) has provided the funding to deploy QUOTA and continue the progress on ODI. During FY08, it was recognized that additional funding will be needed to complete ODI, and the WIYN Observatory is working to secure the necessary funding for completion of this major facility. WIYN continued to upgrade the Bench Spectrograph. Led by M. Bershady (University of Wisconsin), P. Knezek (WIYN), J. Glaspey (NOAO/KPNO), and M. Hunten (NOAO/SI), this major upgrade to improve the total system throughput and sensitivity is currently scheduled for completion in November 2008. A large number of maintenance and repair projects were conducted during FY08 in order to continue the high level of operations expected from the WIYN facility. Included among the many tasks of a late summer shutdown was the commissioning of new hardware and software tools for the testing, calibration, and refurbishment of the primary mirror support system subcomponents. This

16 GROUND-BASED O/IR OBSERVING SYSTEM

should help maintain into the future the excellent image quality produced by WIYN. A new router for the telescope control system was also installed during shutdown.

WIYN 3.5-m Instrumentation

ƒ Hydra + Bench Spectrograph: This multi-fiber spectroscopic capability remains very popular with the university partners of the WIYN Observatory.

ƒ SparsePak3 + Bench Spectrograph: This is an integral field fiber feed alternative to the Hydra multi-object spectrograph.

ƒ MiniMosaic Imager (MIMO): This aging facility instrument remains the main optical imager available at WIYN.

ƒ U. Hawai′i OPTIC Camera (OPTIC): This instrument built by John Tonry (University of Hawai′i) and colleagues uses innovative orthogonal transfer CCDs to enable improved delivered image quality and rapid read-out observing modes. This optical imager, available intermittently when not in use in Hawai′i, provides WIYN observers with a high spatial resolution optical imaging capability that is a nice complement to the wide field-of-view imaging enabled by the Mosaic 1 camera on the Mayall.

ƒ WIYN High Resolution Infrared Camera (WHIRC): Built by Margaret Meixner (STScI), Ed Churchwell (University of Wisconsin) and colleagues at JHU, STScI, WIYN Observatory, and KPNO/NOAO, this near-IR imager provides very high spatial resolution near-IR imaging over a 3.3' × 3.3' field of view.

2.1-m Telescope The oldest telescope that KPNO still operates, the 2.1-m, is becoming a test-bed for some of our newest instruments. IRMOS and FLAMINGOS were extensively commissioned and tested at the 2.1-m. These two near-IR spectrographs were used to pioneer new technologies now being used in new instruments for 8-m telescopes and space observatories. D. Figer (RIT) has used the 2.1-m to test the on-sky performance of silicon pin-diode detectors, devices being considered for the LSST. A. Szymkowiak and his colleagues at Yale have used the 2.1-m to commission a new high-throughput optical spectrograph being considered for future use with the WIYN 3.5-m. While developing new technologies for astronomy, these groups have been able to use the 2.1-m to undertake astronomical research and involve students in the process of developing the next generation of astronomical instrumentation. J. Ge and his University of Florida colleagues are further examples of this use of the 2.1-m. They have had multiple successful science runs with their innovative, high-precision, radial velocity, fiber- fed, bench spectrograph called the Tracker (ET). The optics project a fringe pattern from a Michelson interferometer at nearly right angles to the absorption features on the widened stellar spectrum. The recorded phase of the interference fringes is then extremely sensitive to small velocity shifts. The Florida team has been able to obtain 3.5-m/s repeatability, following a series of upgrades that provided significantly improved thermal stability. Very high throughput was achieved by acquisition of a larger diameter collimator and by implementing both beams of the interferometer. Use of the instrument on the 2.1-m now provides stable measurements on stars of 8th and 9th magnitude. Public programs were able to make use of the ET during FY08 through an agreement between KPNO and University of Florida. Four graduate students have obtained or are nearing completion of their Ph.D.s in astronomy and astronomical instrumentation at the University of Florida through their work on the ET. The next step in improving long-term stability is to provide an interferometer with full passive thermal compensation, very similar to the design used in the GONG network. The

17 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

Exoplanet Tracker will continue to be available to NOAO visiting astronomers in FY09, pending interest from the community and availability of funding from KPNO to support operations. During a late summer shutdown, numerous maintenance projects were undertaken, including a major redesign and replacement of the cable wrap system for the telescope.

2.1-m Instrumentation

ƒ CCD Imager

ƒ Simultaneous Quad IR Imager (SQIID): See description under Mayall Instrumentation

ƒ FLAMINGOS IR Imaging Spectrometer: See description under Mayall Instrumentation

ƒ GoldCam CCD Spectrograph: An aging optical spectrograph that is still in demand by KPNO users.

ƒ Exoplanet Tracker (ET): Built by J. Ge and his colleagues at the University of Florida, this instrument, funded in part by NSF grants to the University of Florida, is available to the community through proposals to the NOAO TAC under an agreement with J. Ge and the University of Florida.

Tenant Observatories We continue to provide infrastructure that supports the operation of 26 telescopes on Kitt Peak—NOAO-run (8) and tenant observatory telescopes (16). However, one of our tenants, the Wisconsin H-Alpha Mapper (WHAM) left our mountain during FY08. A remotely controlled, Fabry-Perot spectrometer facility (Figure 8) funded by the NSF, WHAM was in operation on Kitt Peak from January 1997 through March 2008, where it was in use nearly every clear, dark-of-the-moon night to survey Figure 8: WHAM on Kitt Peak. the warm ionized medium of our Galaxy to obtain spectra of very faint Hα and other faint extended sources of emission. WHAM is now on its way to Cerro Tololo, where it will resume its unique observations. The following is a list of the tenant observatories supported by KPNO:

ƒ Arizona Radio Observatory (1 telescope)

ƒ Calypso Telescope (1 telescope)

ƒ MDM Observatory (2 telescopes)

ƒ National Radio Astronomy Observatory (1 telescope)

ƒ National Solar Observatory (4 telescopes)

ƒ RCT Observatory (1 telescope)

ƒ SARA Observatory (1 telescope)

ƒ Steward Observatory (4 telescopes)

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ƒ Warner & Swasey Observatory Burrell Schmidt Telescope (1 telescope)

ƒ WIYN Observatory (2 telescopes)

Relations with the Tohono O’odham Nation

Improving communication between the Tohono O’odham Nation and the observatory continues to be a major focus of the KPNO Director’s Office and the PAEO. We are working to build on our strong relationships with many segments of the Nation’s government to further our mutual interests. We hosted and supported the 2008 Summer Horse Camp of the Boys & Girls Club of Sells, hosted nighttime observing sessions of school children and adults from the Nation, and supported the educational programs of PAEO. We worked closely with representatives of the Tohono O’odham Natural Resources Office as they worked to better understand the ecology of Kitt Peak, known as Iolkam Duag to many of the Tohono O’odham Nation. We continued to work successfully with the Tohono O’odham Department of Public Safety, as evidenced by our joint success in dealing with the threat of a wildfire during the summer of 2008, the second year in a row that we faced such a threat On 13 September 2008, Kitt Peak National Observatory successfully held an observatory open house for members of the Tohono O’odham Nation with the assistance of the Schuk Toak District and many groups and government agencies of the Tohono O’odham Nation, Steward Observatory of the University of Arizona, the National Solar Observatory, the WIYN Observatory, and PAEO. Over 1,000 members of the Nation, a record number of visitors to our mountain for a single event, attended an afternoon and evening of activities and viewing of the Sun and other astronomical objects through our telescopes. The open house, one of a series held every few years, is a chance to share what we do with the hosts of our observatory and for our staff to learn more about the culture of the Tohono O’odham people.

Operations and Instrumentation Partnerships

During FY08, the Mayall 4-m operations partnership with Clemson University and the instrumentation partnership with University of Maryland both continued successfully. Clemson used their observing time to further the research activities of their faculty and students, including several groups of undergraduates who participated in their first astronomical research activities. The partnership with University of Maryland, through both their cash contributions and software expertise, helped ensure the successful start of normal science operations with NEWFIRM, assisted with the development of the NOAO Science Archive through work with the NOAO Data Products Program, and is now furthering the development of ODI for the WIYN 3.5-m telescope.

General Site Infrastructure Improvements

In addition to modernization of the individual telescopes and instruments, we have begun to improve the quality of the infrastructure that supports our telescopes and those of our tenant observatories. During FY08 we successfully deployed a new all-sky camera (Kitt Peak All Sky Camera, KPASCA) and a new monitor of the mountain “seeing,” using a DIMM on a 16-inch telescope. The information from these new instruments is available through a new Web site that also provides all observers with access to a wide range of environmental information and weather forecasts. Other minor upgrade and safety issues were addressed in common building and joint facilities.

Site Protection

The rapid growth of the Tucson metropolitan area requires a proactive approach to minimize the impact of light pollution on the operation of the observatory. In FY08, the KPNO director, B. Jannuzi, and his assistant, L. Alvarez, made appearances at various government meetings to speak on behalf of protecting

19 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

the night skies with enforcement of existing lighting codes. Jannuzi was appointed by the City of Tucson and Pima County to their respective Outdoor Lighting Code Committees in 2005 and continued to serve on these committees in FY08. Working together with other dark sky advocates and local citizen groups, Jannuzi worked toward a successful legal settlement (finalized in August 2006) of several long-standing disputes between Pima County and Clear Channel Outdoor, the major owner and operator of billboards in the Tucson area. In FY07 and FY08, the same group worked to monitor compliance to the terms of the agreement. In FY08, the same group began to work with the City of Tucson to create a similar agreement that would address billboards in the city. A major benefit of the existing and proposed settlements is that all of the lighting of Clear Channel’s billboards will be brought into compliance with the outdoor lighting code. Jannuzi and Alvarez also worked with the City of Marana in the successful update of their outdoor lighting code to be in line with that of the City of Tucson and Pima County. Jannuzi made several presentations to the Maricopa Association of Governments, a group of 22 cities in Maricopa County (north of Kitt Peak), as the start of an education effort to promote intelligent, dark-sky friendly, outdoor lighting in this rapidly growing area of the state. These efforts to keep the environment for astronomy as healthy as possible in southern Arizona will continue in FY09.

2.4 THE GEMINI OBSERVATORY

Support of U.S. Gemini Users and Proposers

The NOAO Gemini Science Center (NGSC) is the operations service provider and user interface for U.S. community access to the international Gemini Observatory’s two 8.1-m telescopes. NGSC deals with operational issues but has no management authority over Gemini. The operational support work includes informing the U.S. community of Gemini observing opportunities, answering questions from U.S. proposers and users about all aspects of Gemini, performing technical reviews for all Gemini proposals submitted to the NOAO TAC, providing assistance with U.S. Phase-II submissions for programs selected for Gemini telescope time, interfacing with Gemini on the implementation of U.S. programs, and providing certain types of operational support for Gemini. The U.S. community demand for Gemini observing time continues to be strong, although the total amount of requested time has decreased over the last year. The data for semester 2008A show that there were 123 proposals to Gemini North and 61 proposals to Gemini South. The total time requested was 142 nights on Gemini-North and 117 nights on Gemini-South, resulting in time oversubscription factors of 2.5 for the north and 2.3 for the south. The proposals submitted to Gemini North consisted of 57 for GMOS-North, 41 for NIRI (19 of these requesting AO), 15 for NIFS (10 of these requesting AO), and 12 for Michelle. The Gemini North total also included time trades with Keck and Subaru, with 14 proposals submitted for HIRES on Keck (but this includes proposals that can be scheduled as TSIP time), and 4 proposals each for SuprimeCam and MOIRCS on Subaru. Of the AO requests on NIRI and NIFS, 21 requested the Laser Guide Star (LGS) system for 17 nights. The Gemini South proposals contained 25 for GMOS-South, 16 for TReCS, and 22 for Phoenix. In semester 2008B, there were 92 proposals to Gemini North (requesting 124 nights for an oversubscription factor of 1.9) and 50 to Gemini South (requesting 91 nights for an oversubscription factor of 1.7). The number of GMOS-N proposals was 42, with 33 for NIRI, 7 for NIFS, and 12 for Michelle. The NIRI and NIFS proposals included requests to use the Altair AO system, with 10 of the NIRI and all 7 of the NIFS programs requesting AO. Of these AO proposals, 14 requested the LGS for a total of 14 requested nights using the laser. The Gemini South proposals contained 32 for GMOS-S, 13 for TReCS, and 8 for Phoenix. The Gemini observing process requires the submission of a Phase-II file once an observing program is approved. NGSC staff perform reviews of all U.S. program Phase-II submissions. The Phase-II file must describe an observation completely and be error free because the commands in this

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file are uploaded directly to the telescope and instrument when the observation is executed. Any errors in the execution would result in lost telescope time. Few users submit a correct Phase-II initially, so this critical and complex process usually requires multiple iterations and communications between the NGSC staff contact and the program principle investigator (PI). NGSC organized a booth for the January 2008 AAS meeting held in Austin, Texas. The booth featured displays on how to propose for Gemini observing time, details of all of the available instruments, and tutorials given by NGSC staff to users on how to prepare Phase-II programs. In addition, NGSC had attendees fill out a questionnaire on their awareness and knowledge about the Gemini Observatory and the role of NGSC within NOAO. Some 219 responses were received from all levels of experience, from undergraduates all the way to senior astronomers. Some results from this survey were summarized in the NOAO Gemini Science Center section of the June 2008 NOAO/NSO Newsletter. Members of the Gemini and Subaru astronomical communities met on May 19–21 to discuss a vast array of science enabled by two new instruments: the Wide-Field Multi-Object Spectrograph (WFMOS) and the HyperSuprime Camera (HSC). The meeting, titled “Cosmology Near and Far: Science with WFMOS” (www.naoj.org/Information/News/wfmos2008/), was held in Waikoloa, Hawai′i, and was jointly hosted by the Subaru and Gemini Observatories. NOAO/NGSC provided travel support for several of the U.S. attendees. The meeting provided a venue for the Gemini and Subaru communities to discuss not only the key Galactic Archaeology and Dark Energy survey science enabled by WFMOS and HSC, but also smaller PI-led research projects that would revolutionize many astronomical investigations. In a panel discussion session held at the end of the meeting, the Subaru and Gemini representatives discussed the impact on their respective user communities in undertaking such large and expensive projects, but it was acknowledged that the scientific potential of this relatively unique and highly-multiplexed capability was enormous. The Conceptual Design Studies for WFMOS are currently underway by two teams, and 2009 represents the decision point for both Subaru and Gemini on whether or not to proceed with WFMOS. In the interim, the observatories are expanding the cross-section between their user communities—the next Gemini Science Meeting will be held jointly with the Subaru user community in Kyoto, Japan, in 2009 (www.gemini.edu/node/10981). NGSC kept the U.S. user community informed on the possible withdrawal of the U.K. from the Gemini partnership over the time that this situation evolved, from November 2007 to March 2008. A number of mass emails were sent out to the NOAO community, and when the situation was finalized, two NOAO/NSO Newsletter articles, in the NOAO Gemini Science Center section of the March and June 2008 issues, reported on the details and history of the entire incident.

Providing U.S. Scientific and Operational Input to Gemini

NGSC is an active participant and an advocate for U.S. interests in a number of committees that include the Gemini Science Committee (GSC), the Operations Working Group (OpsWG), and the Gemini International TAC (ITAC). NGSC Director V. Smith currently chairs the OpsWG and serves as the U.S. representative on ITAC. As chair of the OpsWG, Smith also attends GSC meetings and the annual Gemini Resource Planning meetings. Smith is also serving as NOAO liaison to the committee whose charge is to assess U.S. access, needs, and aspirations for 6.5- to 10-meter-aperture, ground- based telescopes (the Access to Large Telescopes for Astronomical Instruction and Research, or ALTAIR, committee). A significant part of this charge is aimed at understanding both the current and future role of the Gemini telescopes in the large-aperture part of the U.S. ground-based O/IR system. Smith has helped the ALTAIR committee, which met in July 2008 in Tucson and in September 2008 at NSF headquarters in Arlington, Virginia. A third meeting will be held in November 2008, and a draft report will be presented at the January 2009 AAS meeting. The U.S. Gemini Science Advisory Committee (SAC), which serves as NGSC’s community- based advisory committee, met in Tucson, October 8–9. The SAC was briefed by V. Smith on the status of the Gemini telescopes and instruments, the U.S. instrumentation effort, and current scientific

21 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

and technical issues. In addition, future observational and scientific opportunities on Gemini were discussed, while the SAC considered how the priorities of the U.S. community should be presented to the Gemini leadership. The current SAC membership can be found at www.noao.edu/usgp/staff.html, and the SAC 2007 report can be found at www.noao.edu/usgp/files/SACreport1007.pdf. The US SAC also interacts, via both meeting and membership overlap, with the NOAO Users Committee and the GSC. Two members of the SAC also serve on the NOAO Users Committee, which met in Tucson, October 9–10 (with a morning session overlap between the SAC and Users Committee), and two SAC members serve on the Gemini Science Committee (GSC). The GSC met in La Serena, Chile, October 18–19. As chair of the OpsWG, V. Smith attended the GSC meeting. The Gemini OpsWG met twice in FY08, first in Hilo, 30–31 January 2008 and again in Tucson on July 29– 30. V. Smith represented the U.S. at both meetings.

U.S. Gemini Instrumentation Program There are two components to the U.S. Gemini Instrumentation Program. One component consists of instruments being built or designed by NOAO for use on Gemini. These projects are discussed in section 2.7 System Instrumentation of this report. The other component is U.S. Gemini instruments being built at other U.S. institutions under an AURA contract awarded by NOAO, with NGSC technical and managerial oversight. Progress on two such instruments in FY08 is described below:

ƒ NICI: The Near Infrared Coronagraphic Imager provides 1- to-5-micron dual-beam coronagraphic imaging capability on the Gemini South telescope. Mauna Kea Infrared (MKIR) in Hilo built NICI under the leadership of D. Toomey. NICI underwent its first light and initial commissioning on the telescope in January 2007. The commissioning of NICI continued in FY08, and the contract closed out in September 2008. NICI’s on-sky performance has been characterized, and its contrast performance within 1 arcsecond of a target star exceeds the design specifications. Improving performance at distances greater than about 1.2 arcseconds still requires further work on the array controllers. It is anticipated that the NICI Campaign Science program will begin no later than January 2009, and NICI was made available as a facility instrument for semester 2009A.

ƒ FLAMINGOS-2: The near-infrared multi-object spectrograph and imager for the Gemini- South telescope. FLAMINGOS-2 will image a 6.1-arcminute field in imaging mode and will provide a 6.1×2-arcminute field for multi-object spectroscopy. It can also be used with the Gemini South Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics (MCAO) system. The University of Florida is building FLAMINGOS-2 under the leadership of PI S. Eikenberry. In FY08, FLAMINGOS-2 finished total integration and testing and began Acceptance Testing (AT) the week of 4 August 2008. About half of the required test items were completed that week and a second AT is now planned for November 2008. It is expected that FLAMINGOS-2 will ship to Gemini South in December 2008 or January 2009.

2.5 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

The program called System Development is the core of the effort aimed at understanding what the community needs and how it might be provided. The activities in this area in FY08 were dominated by two extensive studies by community-based committees: Renewing Small Telescopes for Astronomical Research (ReSTAR) and Access to Large Telescopes for Astronomical Instruction and Research (ALTAIR). Each of these committees was formed and charged to survey the community and synthesize that community input into a report addressing community needs for capabilities on

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telescopes in a particular aperture range, less than 6 meters for ReSTAR and 6.5–10 meters for ALTAIR. The members of the two committees are listed in the following table.

ReSTAR ALTAIR Caty Pilachowski (chair, Indiana U.) Larry Ramsay (chair, Penn State U.) Charles Bailyn (Yale U.) Daniel Eisenstein (U. Arizona) Chris Clemens (U. North Carolina) Heidi Hammel (Space Science Inst.) Deidre Hunter (Lowell Obs.) Terry Herter (Cornell U.) Jennifer Johnson (Ohio State U.) Lynne Hillenbrand (Caltech) Robert Joseph (U. Hawai′i) Christopher Johns-Krull (Rice U.) Steve Kawaler (Iowa State U.) David Koo (U. California, Santa Cruz) Lucas Macri (NOAO) Nancy Levenson (U. Kentucky) John Salzer (Wesleyan U.) Tom Matheson (NOAO) Michele Thornley (Bucknell U.) Andrew McWilliam (OCIW) David Weintraub (Vanderbilt U.) John Monnier (U. Michigan) Suzanne Hawley (U. Wash., ACCORD Liaison) Joan Najita (NOAO) George Jacoby (WIYN, ACCORD Liaison) Lisa Prato (Lowell Obs.) Seth Redfield (U. Texas) Tom Soifer (Spitzer Science Center) Joe Jensen (Gemini Obs., Liaison) Verne Smith (NOAO, NGSC Liaison) Peter Strittmatter (U. Arizona, ACCORD Liaison)

ReSTAR

The ReSTAR study began in May 2007, and the committee held its two final meetings in FY08. Their final report was submitted in January 2008, and it is available for download at www.noao.edu/system/ReSTAR/files/ReSTAR_final_14jan08.pdf.

From the Executive Summary:

The ReSTAR Committee was convened by NOAO in response to the Report of the Senior Review of the NSF Division of Astronomical Sciences, to consider the system of telescopes available to the U.S. community in a comprehensive way, such that the suite of large, moderate, and small aperture telescopes can work together to achieve the scientific goals of the community. The charge to the ReSTAR Committee was to focus on telescopes in the range 1 to 6 meters, and to create a blueprint for developing a system of small and mid-sized telescopes, including the specific instrumentation and operational capabilities that will enable front-line science with such telescopes and maximize their scientific productivity. With the assistance of the community through an online survey, a representative subset of the important observational research to be carried out on small and mid-size telescopes was identified and the instrumental and operational capabilities needed for the science were characterized.

Recommendations

1. The continued operation of small and mid-size telescopes at the national observatories should be based primarily on the value of science produced, and publicly available time on telescopes in the ReSTAR system should be awarded on the basis of competitive review and scientific merit.

23 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

2. The number of nights needed in the system of small and mid-size telescopes can be estimated in several ways. Various approaches involving conservative assumptions consistently suggest that the equivalent of at least eight 2- to 4-m class telescopes should be available to the community for classically scheduled PI and survey programs. Telescopes in the ReSTAR System should include a mix of smaller apertures and the mix should evolve toward larger apertures over time as funding permits. 3. Oversubscription factors on current facilities should be monitored as new instrument capabilities come online to evaluate the ongoing need for new facilities. For key major instrument capabilities identified for the system, oversubscription factors should not exceed a factor of two for extended periods. If oversubscription factors regularly exceed two, new facilities should be considered. 4. In establishing the ReSTAR System, priority for funding should be provided first to assure that telescopes in the system are functioning in a safe, reliable, and efficient manner, and then that competitive instrumentation and associated software are available. Next, adding three or four 2- to 4- meter class telescopes to the system, both new and existing, and specialized time domain facilities should receive priority. 5. The specialization of both federal and non-federal 2-4 meter class telescopes should be encouraged. Specialization will provide a more limited set of observing capabilities on each telescope but should preserve a breadth of capability across the ReSTAR System. Thus, total costs for instrumentation and operation of small and mid-size telescopes could be reduced. 6. Additional instrumental capabilities utilized more selectively for a smaller range of science programs should be accessible for public use preferentially on non-federal facilities. 7. Access to a global network of telescopes for time-domain investigations should be made publicly available. The global network should include multiple 1-m telescope spaced around the globe for photometric monitoring and a small number of 2-m telescopes for spectroscopic monitoring. These telescopes may also contribute to other PI science programs that can be carried out in queue mode. Such a network should be developed in collaboration with non-federal partners. 8. We recommend further investment in remote observing to allow greater flexibility in telescope scheduling that will enable new observing modes. Options like short programs, snapshot modes, and some synoptic observations may be possible through more flexible scheduling. The implementation of observing scripts on small and mid-size telescopes would also permit a limited use of “queue” observations carried out by classically scheduled observers. The implementation of observing templates will improve efficiency for both classical and remote observers. 9. Non-federal facilities contributing to the pool of publicly available time should meet standards of efficiency, reliability, performance, documentation, usability, and data quality that will allow investigators to obtain data with the same assurance of success that they expect at federal facilities. Non-federal facilities should be supported to achieve these levels of user services if such facilities participate in the System. 10. All facilities participating in the system of small and mid-size telescopes, including both national facilities and non-federal telescopes, should provide data that can be reduced using standard systems and the data should be made publicly available after an appropriate proprietary period. Pipeline reduction of data is encouraged, if appropriate. 11. We recommend that NOAO maintain a database of current capabilities on publicly accessible telescopes. This database should be easily accessed in electronic form and provide sufficient information for proposal development.

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12. The role of AO on small and mid-size telescopes should be considered in the development of the next AO roadmap by ACCORD and NOAO. 13. Access to O/IR interferometry should also be publicly available, and the System should provide a funding support structure to enhance the efficiency and user base commensurate with the promise of recent advances in interferometric techniques and results. In the short term, partnership with existing or developing facilities is encouraged. 14. The ReSTAR System of national access to federal and non-federal telescopes will evolve with time as it responds to changing scientific priorities and opportunities. A mechanism for regularly monitoring the success of the ReSTAR System and for reviewing the capabilities offered by the system through community oversight must be put in place.

Following receipt of the report, much of the effort within System Development has been dedicated to development of a plan to address these recommendations. The four major areas of concern are: (1) modernization and maintenance of infrastructure at existing open-access facilities; (2) renewal of instruments that provide workhorse capabilities with high-performance, state-of-the-art replacements; (3) increased access through recovery of time on federal telescopes that had been sold through operations partnerships and the establishment of new partnerships to acquire access to suitable non-federal facilities; and (4) the initial development of a network of facilities suitable for time- domain observations. Clearly, the resources required to accomplish all of these goals are not immediately available, and so they are being addressed through a combination of internal NOAO priorities and a proposal to NSF/AST for new funds. These new funds would be spread over a number of years, and a proposal describing the activities that would be undertaken in the first three years of this development program was submitted in October 2008. This initial proposal would fund two new medium-resolution optical spectrographs, one medium-resolution near-IR spectrograph, one high-resolution optical spectrograph, new partnerships providing access to the Hale 5-m telescope at and to the Discovery Channel Telescope of Lowell Observatory, and design studies for telescopes that, when built, would become part of the Las Cumbres Global Telescope network. Significantly, community participation in this work is a principal goal and driver for structuring the program, and so most of the instrumentation work would be carried out in partnership with external groups. This is also an opportunity to fulfill another desire, to facilitate student involvement, particularly in astronomical instrumentation, and consequently, a new instrumentation student internship program is proposed as part of the program. If funded, the work on addressing the ReSTAR recommendations would start in the middle of FY09.

ALTAIR Even as the ReSTAR study was finishing up, it was obvious that a similar study, aimed at identifying the community needs on larger telescopes, would be the next step. This idea was further bolstered by the apparent volatility of the Gemini partnership and the uncertainty about whether the community supported increasing access to Gemini, should that become possible. Therefore, the ALTAIR committee was charged not only with assessing the science-driven community desires for capabilities on 6.5- to 10-m telescopes, but also with understanding the most beneficial roles for the Gemini telescopes and the non-federal telescopes within this part of the ground-based O/IR system. The ALTAIR committee met twice in FY08. At their first meeting, they discussed the questions that they would need to answer and the information that they would need in order to answer them, and they developed a Web-based questionnaire that was widely advertised. This undertaking was very successful; over 500 astronomers filled out the questionnaire, ranking potential capabilities, reporting on their experiences, and contributing ideas about how to better structure development of and access to the large telescopes. The committee will meet twice in the coming months; their report is expected early in 2009.

25 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

2.6 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

Some of the activities that enable broad system access or availability of new capabilities require scientific management. These programs currently comprise the Telescope System Instrumentation Program (TSIP) and the NOAO Telescope Time Allocation Process. In the future, the management of the programs that address ReSTAR or ALTAIR recommendations will also be within this section.

Telescope System Instrumentation Program

TSIP has the goal of strengthening the system of public and private optical/IR facilities by funding the development of facility instruments for large private telescopes, and thereby broadening community access to these telescopes. For 2008, the two Keck telescopes, the HET (semester 2008A only), the MMT, and the Magellan telescopes were available for community access. The program was established in FY02 as a $4M per year program administered and coordinated by NOAO for NSF. The table below shows the current summary of TSIP allocations and the system access they have provided to the broad U.S. astronomical community. Refer to Appendix J, SPO #5 for a list of the projects currently being managed by the NOAO TSIP program.

TSIP Funding and Time Allocation Summary: 2002–Present Start of Time Year Awards Instrument Amount Nights Telescope Cost/night Allocated 2002 CARA OSIRIS $2.75M 29 Keck $47,400 2003A CARA KIRMOS $1.14M 12 Keck $47,400 2003A 2003 Harvard SAO MMIRS $2.5M* 54 MMT/Magellan $23,000 2004A CARA KIRMOS $1.1M 12 Keck $45,800 2004A 2005 CARA MOSFIRE $2.45M 24 Keck $51,000 2006B WIYN ODI $1.64M* 40 WIYN $12,300 † 2006 CARA MOSFIRE $4.9M* 48 Keck $51,000 2007A Ohio State MODS $2.6M 25 LBT $52,000 2007A‡ Carnegie Mosaic2§ $648K 15 Magellan $21,600 2007A 2007 CARA PD NGAO $2.05M 20 Keck $51,184 2008B Steward AOM2 $1.00M 22 Magellan $22,181 2008B Steward Sys Acess $800K 28 MMT $28,606 2008B Harvard/SAO MMIRS $950K 25 Magellan/MMT $24,888 2008B

Totals $24.5M 354 * Over 3 yrs. † Nights to be taken with ODI, which is not yet completed ‡ Planned start § New CCD mosaic for the IMACS instrument at Magellan

Telescope Time Allocation Allocation of NOAO-coordinated observing time is managed by the telescope time allocation process. Observing proposals in FY08 were accepted for the Gemini North and South telescopes, Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (including SOAR), Kitt Peak National Observatory, and community- access time. NOAO continues to coordinate the time allocation process for telescope time that is made

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available to the broad community on the large, private telescopes through the Telescope System Instrumentation Program (TSIP) and its predecessor, the Facility Instrumentation Program (FIP). In FY08, community access proposals were accepted for HET (semester 2008A only), MMT, Keck, Magellan, joint NOAO-NASA time, and the NOAO Survey Program.

MMT Observatory and the Hobby-Eberly Telescope In the late 1990s, NSF’s Facility Instrumentation Program granted instrument funds to groups associated with the Multiple Mirror Telescope (MMT) and the Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET). In return, the MMT Observatory agreed to schedule 162 nights at a nominal rate of 26 nights per year, and the HET agreed to carry out observations equivalent to 101 clear nights at a nominal rate of 17 nights per year for telescope programs approved by NOAO’s Time Allocation Committee (TAC). The HET program was discontinued in semester 2008B. NOAO’s role in this program is limited to the time allocation and community interface activities. In semesters 2008A/B, NOAO received 23 proposals for time on the MMT, with requests totaling 45.7 nights, and an oversubscription rate (nights requested over nights scheduled) of 2. Seven proposals for time on the HET were received in 2008A, requesting a total of 8.4 nights, and all were scheduled.

Keck and Magellan Telescopes In both 2008 semesters, time from TSIP awards was available to the community on the Keck and Magellan telescopes. In 2008A and 2008B, four and eight nights, respectively, were available on each of the Keck 10-m telescopes. For those semesters, a total of 92 proposals requesting 127.4 nights were received. The resulting over-subscription rate was about 4.4. There were five and eight nights available in 2008A and 2008B, respectively, for the two Magellan telescopes combined, thus a total of 13 nights in 2008. NOAO received 20 proposals requesting a total of 40 nights, with an oversubscription rate of 3.

Joint NOAO-NASA Time Allocation NOAO has organized several ad hoc programs to address the needs of projects that require time on ground-based telescopes associated with observations made on one of NASA’s Great Observatories (Chandra, HST, and Spitzer). The goal of these arrangements is to eliminate the double jeopardy of two peer reviews for proposals that require both sets of observations to accomplish their objectives. In FY08, 14 Chandra proposals were approved for NOAO observations. Three HST proposals that requested NOAO time were also approved.

NOAO Survey Programs The NOAO Survey Program has been very successful, with 20 surveys undertaken since inception in 1999. The surveys tend to be multi-year projects and often are aimed at generating complete data sets. The most recent survey opportunity was in semester 2008A. NOAO received 22 proposals requesting Survey status in 2008A, and two were approved, both for observations with the NEWFIRM instrument on the Kitt Peak 4-m telescope.

2.7 SYSTEM INSTRUMENTATION

NOAO Extremely Wide-Field IR Imager The NOAO Extremely Wide-Field IR Imager (NEWFIRM), a world-class capability for wide-field imaging in the near infrared, is a key element in the U.S. system of facilities provided by NOAO. (See Figure 9 for a sample of NEWFIRM’s capabilities.) It has a 27×27 arcmin field of view with 0.4 arcsec per pixel at 1–2.4 microns and will operate at the R-C focus on either 4-m telescope (Mayall or Blanco). The instrument per se is complemented by a highly automated data reduction pipeline, which will feed

27 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

the NOAO data archive. FY08 saw the completion of commissioning of NEWFIRM on the Mayall telescope and the successful launch of scheduled science use by community observers. FY08 began with NEWFIRM in the Tucson test facility, undergoing a checkout after replacement of the last substandard detector with a better one newly obtained from Raytheon Vision Systems, which yielded a final focal plane with uniformly good response and low dark current. Scheduled science operations began in late October 2007 and continued through most of semester 2007B. Between science runs, the NOAO System Instrumentation (SI) staff changed filters inside the dewar as needed to meet the scientific demand assessed by the NOAO Time Allocation Committee. Training was also provided to the KPNO mountain engineering staff in all aspects of instrument support, installation, and routine maintenance. The SI staff assisted with the installation of a clean room in the Mayall telescope building to allow future filter changes to be carried out on the mountain, thus removing the need for repeated trips up and down the mountain. Down time between science runs was also used to resolve a few remaining issues with the performance of the detectors and their controllers, thus allowing use in the lowest- noise modes needed for the science cases using ultra-narrow-band filters. Figure 9: False-color image of IC 342, a face-on Immediately upon its first availability hosting a Seyfert nucleus. IC 342 is more than 20 arcminutes in semester 2007B, NEWFIRM was across, giving a good demonstration of the NEWFIRM field of view. This image is a composite of J-band, H-band, and Br-γ extremely popular with observers. In filter images. The image was taken in November 2007. semester 2008B, NEWFIRM was the instrument in use on 69% of all scheduled science nights on the Mayall telescope. By the close of FY08, NEWFIRM was considered a fully operational facility instrument.

SOAR Adaptive Optics Module

The SOAR 4.2-m telescope on Cerro Pachón will produce very high quality images over a field of view 10 arcminutes square. The SOAR Adaptive Optics Module (SAM) is designed to enhance this image quality by correcting the turbulence in the first 5–10 km of atmosphere, reducing the image size by half during appropriate atmospheric conditions, which are expected to be available about half the time. SAM will incorporate a UV laser guide star working in Rayleigh backscatter mode, with laser pulses and shutter timings coordinated to select the altitude of the reflection used for the wavefront correction. SAM is being implemented in two overlapping phases: the first phase for the main Adaptive Optics (AO) module, and the second phase for the Laser Guide Star (LGS) system. The main AO module will be commissioned first and can be used for some limited science applications in natural guide star mode prior to delivery of the LGS. FY08 began with the fabrication of the structural components of the main AO module in the CTIO instrument shop. Fabrication was completed within a few months, and the team began assembling the main AO module in the lab and integrating the optics and mechanisms that had been purchased or fabricated previously. Assembly and optical alignment went smoothly, thanks to the care that was taken during design and fabrication. The team was able to achieve closed-loop correction on

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static aberrations almost immediately after completing the optical alignment (Figure 10). Following this milestone, the team spent several weeks integrating and testing other mechanisms including the various flip mirrors and movements needed for selecting different operational modes. The remaining subsystems, the turbulence simulator needed for daily calibration and the steerable offset probes for tracking tip-tilt guide stars, are expected to be integrated within the early months of FY09. The instrument shop delivered the components for the turbulence simulator to the team just as FY08 ended, making integration of that subsystem the first task for FY09. The team also continued developing the design for the LGS system. Some changes were made to the design for the laser launch telescope to shorten the overall length, thus preventing a possible source of physical interference with dome components. The design was mature enough to allow requests for bids from various optics vendors for the launch telescope mirrors prior to the end of FY08. The team also placed the order for the laser itself, a commercial off-the-shelf product, in September 2008. The current state of the overall work should permit delivery of the main AO module to the SOAR telescope sometime in Figure 10: Software engineer Rolando Cantarutti (left) and optical engineer Roberto Tighe (right) in the CTIO lab the second half of FY09, with delivery of confirming successful operation of the wavefront sensor and the LGS system following about a year deformable mirror in the SAM main AO module. The AO later. module is the large box off the end of the optical table.

MONSOON Detector Controller

The MONSOON image acquisition system is the NOAO solution for scalable, multi-channel, high- speed image acquisition systems required for next-generation projects. MONSOON is designed to be flexible enough to support CCD, CMOS, and IR diode imaging arrays in a wide variety of uses, including science instruments, acquisition and guide cameras, and wavefront sensors. It is under development jointly by staff at both NOAO North in Tucson, AZ and NOAO South in La Serena, Chile. Early in FY08, the WIYN One-Degree Imager (ODI) team elected to use a different controller, developed by the University of Hawai′i for the PanSTARR project, as the detector controller for ODI. The MONSOON team then turned its attention to other work needed within WIYN and NOAO, primarily the repackaging of MONSOON that is needed to make it useful as a plug-in replacement for a variety of aging controllers at CTIO and KPNO. This repackaging effort, nicknamed TORRENT, sacrifices the infinite scalability of the original MONSOON and in return achieves a much smaller form factor, lower power consumption, and lower cost while retaining most of the original circuitry and all of the original software. By the end of FY08, the repackaged design was approaching readiness for a critical design review, expected early in FY09. The current plan calls for completion and testing of a working prototype during FY09, with large-scale production starting around the end of FY09. During FY08, the MONSOON team also supported on-telescope commissioning of previously delivered systems used with the upgraded WIYN Bench Spectrograph and the Quad Orthogonal Transfer Array (QUOTA) instrument for WIYN. Late in FY08, the MONSOON team started an engineering student clinic project through the clinic program at Harvey Mudd College. The project calls for the student to design, prototype, and test

29 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

an extremely low-noise CCD front-end circuit that could be incorporated into the TORRENT design or the original MONSOON. The project is scheduled for completion in May 2009.

ReSTAR Implementation

The Renewing Small Telescopes for Astronomical Research (ReSTAR) committee was commissioned by NOAO in FY07 to report on expected future science use of the national system of 2-m to 4-m telescopes. The committee released its report in January 2008. Since then, the SI has been working with other NOAO staff and various instrument building groups throughout the community to develop specific plans for implementing those parts of the committee report that address the needs for new instrumentation at the KPNO and CTIO 4-m telescopes. As FY08 ended, the NOAO staff were in the final stages of preparing a proposal to the NSF for supplemental funding to carry out the ReSTAR committee’s recommendations.

2.8 NOAO DATA PRODUCTS PROGRAM

The NOAO Data Products Program (DPP) is responsible for data management for all NOAO facilities and some affiliated facilities (e.g., SOAR, WIYN). It is also responsible for developing and maintaining software to support the reduction and analysis of those data, both for the observatory and for the community. These responsibilities have been merged into a single program of data management and science support, attempting to align both concepts in an integrated plan for the flow of data from the telescopes through to the science undertaken by the end users, including both the principal investigators (PIs) of the observations and archival users of the data.

Data Management System

DPP has focused on the development and operation of an integrated data management and processing system that will provide efficient access to NOAO data and data products for the astronomical community. This system is referred to as the End-to-End (E2E) Data Management System. The core components of this system are the NOAO Data Transport System (DTS), the NOAO Science Archive (NSA), the NOAO Pipelines, and the NOAO Portal. The initial version of the integrated E2E system was targeted at supporting only the Mosaic CCD Imager and NEWFIRM instruments, specifically capturing the raw data from these instruments and making the data available to users through the NOAO National Virtual Observatory (NVO) Portal, as well as providing users with pipeline-reduced data for these instruments.

Operations The NOAO DTS continued its uninterrupted operation (since August 2004) and has now accumulated more than 30 TB of raw data from NOAO and affiliated facilities. Additional instruments were added to the coverage of the DTS system, bringing the total to more than 30 instruments supported on three mountaintops on two continents. Three complete copies of the data are currently maintained, one each in La Serena, Tucson, and at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA). In early FY08, the first version of the new E2E system was released to users, providing proprietary archival access to Mosaic and NEWFIRM data for PIs through the NOAO Portal. The Operations team developed additional tools to support monitoring and correction of the metadata in the image headers in order to improve the quality of the data and metadata collected.

Archive and Portal NOAO and DPP continued operations of the NOAO Science Archive for Survey datasets (aka, the Survey Archive). This archive supports long-term access to data from completed NOAO Survey programs and now contains high-level reduced data and data products from 15 Survey programs. The

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Survey Archive continues to receive new data as Survey programs are completed, and it is receiving steady community use, with more than 1000 unique visitors each month. Users were provided an updated, modern user-interface in the form of the NOAO Portal, which provides both query and graphical access to raw data from NOAO telescopes and reduced data from NOAO and the widely distributed holdings of the Virtual Observatory. The Portal was upgraded from that released in 2006 to support secure authentication and authorization using the recently deployed NVO Single-Sign-On (SSO) service, which should eventually provide seamless proprietary access across multiple archives. The NOAO Portal continued to see significant use, with more than 400 visitors per month during most months of FY08, including PIs accessing their proprietary NOAO data and archival users accessing both NOAO and Virtual Observatory (VO) datasets.

Pipelines The Mosaic Science Archive Pipeline, developed in FY07, saw extensive science verification and initial operations in FY08. The Mosaic pipeline processes data by observing run, removing instrumental signatures and calibrating and and measuring data quality. The pipeline is now routinely run on all Mosaic data from the CTIO and KPNO 4-m telescopes (see Figure 11 for example images), and the reduced data and data products are provided via FTP to the PIs. Late FY08 development included incorporation of image stacking into the Mosaic pipeline, providing combined images of related Mosaic frames.

MOSAIC r-band MOSAIC r-band single 150s 6x150s stack raw frame

Figure 11: (Left) A single 150s raw r-band image from the Mosaic camera on the CTIO 4-m telescope. (Right) A combination (stack) of six 150s images of the same field, reduced and combined automatically by the Mosaic pipeline.

The extensive pipeline infrastructure, known as the NOAO High-Performance Pipeline System, was applied to meet the demanding task of on-the-fly reduction of NEWFIRM data on the mountaintop. This quick-reduce pipeline (QRP) provides reduced, stacked-image mosaics during the night to NEWFIRM observers (see Figure 12), relying on processing shortcuts to allow for rapid reduction of the incoming data. The NEWFIRM QRP provides quantitative data quality information, including seeing, sky brightness, and transparency, as well as the qualitative feedback of seeing the reduced images and stacks of images produced during the night. This service has received enthusiastic feedback from observers using NEWFIRM. The same infrastructure and reduction programs are being applied in the development of the NEWFIRM Science Archive Pipeline, which will provide archive

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quality reductions of NEWFIRM data with more detailed and complete calibrations than possible in the QRP. Work on this pipeline began in FY08, and science verification of the science pipeline will begin in early FY09.

Figure 12: A three-color image produced by NEWFIRM observers (Gutermuth et al.) while observing, using the NEWFIRM Quick Reduce Pipeline (QRP) data products. This is cropped from the full field (roughly 1/6 of the NEWFIRM field).

Science Support Software

A significant new version of IRAF, v2.14, was released to the astronomical community on 3 December 2007. This release included several new features and support for several new and popular platforms, including Intel Macintosh computers. New features include a command-line editing CL prompt shell (ECL), and new tasks include a calculator for determining the separation of positions on the sky. New packages under development in FY08 include a package to support the reduction and analysis of NEWFIRM data, based on the tools developed for the NEWFIRM pipeline described above, and a set of tools and applications for accessing the resources of the VO from the IRAF command line. The latter package will bring VO access to the many astronomers who use IRAF regularly. Release of both of these packages is expected in Q1 FY09. In June 2008, software developers and management from all three AURA centers (NOAO, STScI, and Gemini) as well as two AURA-affiliated initiatives (National Virtual Observatory and LSST) assembled in Hilo, Hawai′i, for a workshop to discuss the current status and future directions for Science Support Software at AURA institutions and, more broadly, in the U.S. astronomical context. The workshop covered the status of IRAF, PyRAF, other data reduction and analysis packages and environments, and the need for a future framework that could support all of the

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facilities’ needs while providing a uniform system for the community to adopt. Working groups were formed to pursue detailed discussions and development of a draft report that describes a common vision for the next generation of Science Support Software being developed at the AURA centers. This report should serve as a basis for coordination and collaboration between the centers in the development of long-range software plans and to inform other astronomical institutions and the U.S. astronomical community of a broad vision for this next-generation platform/environment. Evaluation of the need for a 64-bit compatible version of IRAF has been delayed in order to understand how IRAF will be incorporated into these long-range plans and, therefore, better understand the need for a possible 64-bit version.

National Virtual Observatory

Creation of a National Virtual Observatory (NVO) was the highest ranked priority initiative of the National Academy of Sciences decadal survey in the small project (less than $100M) category. NOAO has been involved with the development of the NVO from its inception and has continued to play a significant role as this project has moved from the conceptual to the development stages and finally towards operations. In FY08, the contributions from NOAO to the NVO continued at both the management and programmatic levels. DPP scientist D. De Young continued as a member of the NVO executive committee and as the project scientist of the NSF/ITR NVO initiative. De Young also continued in the role of chair of the International Virtual Observatory Alliance (IVOA). As part of the transition from development into an operational NVO facility, NOAO DPP Operations has been moving toward mirrored services to help better guarantee availability of NVO services, especially for critical services like the NVO Single-Sign-On (SSO), which the NOAO Portal uses to grant PIs access to their proprietary data. In June 2008, the operational version of NOAO NVO Portal in Tucson and La Serena was deployed using sso.us-vo.org as the sole interface for NVO authentication. To provide better support, NOAO provided a production-level SSO system that is mirrored from NCSA and visible to the world at sso.us-vo.org. DPP continued to play a leading role in the development of VOEvent, the emerging VO standard for astronomical announcements, most specifically announcements with a time-critical component. DPP staff member R. Seaman assumed the chairmanship of the IVOA VOEvent working group at the IVOA InterOp meeting in Trieste, Italy, in May 2008 and is leading development of version 2 of the VOEvent standard. The DPP VOEvent team continued development of VOEvent infrastructure and support for relayering the GCN network on top of VOEvent standards in collaboration with Caltech and NASA GSFC. This VO-GCN collaboration is partially funded by NVO and partially by an AISRP grant from NASA. The incremental version of the software released through voevent.noao.edu in May 2008 includes an initial framework for classification of events and query and retrieval of events as KML for use in, e.g., Google Sky. Using NVO funding, developers in DPP built a prototype testing framework that enables automated regression testing of Web-based applications in the VO. This testing package has server- side and client-side components and allows for both “white box” (i.e., where the functional flow of the application is known and utilized) and “black box” testing (i.e., where no knowledge of the application’s internal structure is assumed). This framework has been applied to rigorous testing of NOAO applications, including the NOAO Portal, and is being delivered to the NVO team for more distributed use. NOAO staff also provided leadership and support for the NVO’s community engagement activities. M. Fitzpatrick served as one of three editors of the NVO Book, a publication based on NVO Summer School content that provides a detailed introduction to NVO tools and services. Both Fitzpatrick and C. Miller contributed many chapters to the book. Fitzpatrick also served as vice-chair of the 2008 NVO Summer School, with C. Miller and D. De Young contributing as faculty at the school.

33 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

2.9 LARGE-APERTURE SYNOPTIC SURVEY TELESCOPE

The LSST project is being carried out by the LSST Corporation (LSSTC), which is a non-profit corporation chartered in the state of Arizona. LSSTC now has 26 members (and growing). NOAO is a founding member of the corporation. Interest in joining the corporation also has been expressed by several European organizations, and discussions are ongoing. The LSST project is now over halfway through the Design and Development (D&D) Phase, with the NSF Concept Design Review (CoDR) successfully completed in September FY07. The NSF Preliminary Design Review (PDR) is expected to take place in the spring of 2009. NOAO’s primary responsibility is for the telescope and site. The Department of Energy, led by SLAC, is responsible for the camera. Data management responsibilities will be shared by LSSTC, NCSA at University of Illinois, and IPAC at Caltech. NOAO is the portal for general U.S. community participation in LSST.

Telescope and Site

The project responded to the MREFC and CoDR review comments in early FY08. The MREFC comments concerned the overall science missions of LSST. The CoDR report listed 52 specific recommendations that the project considered and, where indicated, folded responding tasks into the ongoing Design and Development effort. The telescope and site team at NOAO supported the primary mirror development, including completion of the M1M3 casting design, finalizing support designs and monitoring the casting effort at the Steward Observatory Mirror Lab. The mold was completed, the glass loaded and “high fire,” the moment the glass reaches its highest temperature and flows into the mold, was achieved on March 29. After over 100 days for annealing and cooling, the furnace was opened to reveal “perfect” casting. The secondary mirror substrate procurement process was also completed this year, with LSST choosing to buy the blank from Corning Inc. Both mirror fabrication efforts are funded through LSST Corporation private funds. A design study contract for the telescope mount hydrostatic bearings was placed with SKF Incorporated. Work was completed, and a paper on the final results was published at the summer SPIE conference. A dynamic FEA model for load analysis was refined and exercised to determine acceleration load propagation in the structure and to complete a lumped-mass model for detailed control analysis. Hardware for testing the thermal impact of magnetron coating on borosilicate substrates was completed. An initial set of tests was completed in the Gemini North chamber to commission the test set-up and a follow-up run was completed in September. The tests were successful and the data is being analyzed. There has been progress with the wave-front sensing (WFS) and reconstruction pipeline prototype for alignment and calibration. A new API for the curvature sensing code was completed along with the new Matlab library routines to de-blend objects in the image. An SPIE paper was published on the results of the version 1 pipeline. Work on the LSST site this year has focused on environmental permitting, civil engineering and continued environmental testing. Flora have been removed by biologists as recommended in the preliminary biological assessment. An environmental impact declaration was submitted by AURA to the National Environmental Agency in Chile initiating a formal environmental review of the project. AURA/LSST made presentations to the national and regional authorities, and several rounds of questions and comments have been addressed. A final response from the environmental agency is expected in November 2008. A contract for civil engineering of site excavation was completed by ARCADIS. They developed plans for excavating the site that include using the excavated material for changing the road access. The differential image monitor, IR all-sky camera, and the weather station have been maintained this year with the data continually stored. A new centralized archiving system was put in place for the various data streams as part of telemetry data system prototyping. An anchor

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bolt failure required the weather tower to be replaced but all equipment is back in operation. Also this year, LSST conducted a lunar scintillometer campaign and collaborated with the University of New Mexico to develop micro-thermal measurement hardware to be deployed on the summit in October 2008. LSSTC is in the process of acquiring the CALYPSO telescope on Kitt Peak (with private funds). This telescope will serve as a test bed for telescope and observatory control systems for LSST and for precursor experiments to advance the methods for photometric calibration. The longer term plan is to move it to the LSST site to serve as the auxiliary telescope for photometric calibration, where it will be used to monitor atmospheric transmission simultaneously with LSST data acquisition. The telescope and site group and scientists at NOAO have been largely responsible for making this happen. There were 11 LSST poster papers at the January AAS with contributors from NOAO, of which four dealt directly with Design and Development, and the remainder covered survey strategy, cadence simulation, calibration, data quality assessment, and science scope. Members of the LSST telescope and site group were among the participants at the SPIE Large Telescopes conference in Marseille in June 2008, and presented roughly a dozen papers and posters. The LSST group at NOAO also participated in the project All Hands Meeting at NCSA in Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, which successfully brought together technical and scientific teams across all member institutions to focus on project-wide development and cross-cutting issues.

Science and Science Collaboration

AURA and LSST completed negotiations with Chile, leading to a signed agreement that establishes how LSST will fulfill its Chilean 10-percent telescope time obligation. The key points of this equivalency agreement are that Chilean astronomers have agreed to join the LSST partnership at the status of founding partners, and that Chile will have an LSST data center. This will allow the LSST telescope to be used 100 percent of the time as a survey instrument, thus furthering not only its observing efficiency, but also allowing it the maximum possible range in the time-domain. A call for proposals for the wider U.S. astronomy (and physics) community scientists to join the LSST science collaborations was issued in July jointly by NOAO (astronomy) and SLAC (physics). Proposals were received at NOAO through 29 September 2008. The selection and review is being conducted by community-wide peer review, under the aegis of NOAO, with additional participation from SLAC. Tests of photometric calibration methodology have continued, with participation of scientists from NOAO, LSST, and SLAC, using telescopes at CTIO. Schemes for characterizing the atmospheric using moderate dispersion spectroscopy (which tracks -vapor, aerosols, Rayleigh and molecular scattering) appear promising. Methods to handle gray extinction from clouds also appear to be close at hand. The group at NOAO has worked on the continued development of the observing operations simulator and ancillary tools. The developing toolbox now includes logging, tracking, and generating standard reports for simulation runs. These reports are useful for scientific and engineering studies and are available through a Web interface, enabling interested scientists to both interact with the development group and work with the results of the simulation runs to test the feasibility of specific science projects.

2.10 GIANT SEGMENTED MIRROR TELESCOPE

During the year, the NOAO Giant Segmented Mirror Telescope Program Office (GSMTPO) continued to pursue its core mission of “ensuring broad astronomical community access to a 30-meter-class telescope that will be contemporaneous with ALMA and JWST, by playing a key role in scientific and technical studies leading to the creation of the Giant Segmented Mirror Telescope (GSMT).”

35 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

Activities of the program office fall into three principal areas: support for the GSMT Science Working Group and related activities; technical and scientific monitoring of the two U.S.-based extremely large telescope (ELT) projects on behalf of the NSF; and the final phases of the site survey work in Chile, begun several years ago.

Staffing

The GSMTPO is staffed by NOAO engineers and scientists located in Tucson, Arizona and La Serena, Chile. In addition, two former members of the New Initiatives Office (NIO) staff are now based in Pasadena, holding key positions—Optics and Systems group leaders—in the TMT Project Office, while retaining their AURA affiliation.

Web Site The GSMTPO public Web site at www.gsmt.noao.edu is an essential vehicle for communicating ongoing GSMTPO activities. The Web site, which is updated periodically, also contains copies of project presentations and links to the sites of other ELT groups.

GSMT Science Working Group

In 2002, AURA created a community-wide GSMT Science Working Group (SWG) in response to a request from the National Science Foundation. The charge to the SWG is to “advise the NSF Division of Astronomical Sciences on a strategy for guiding federal investment in a Giant Segmented Mirror Telescope (GSMT).” Rolf-Peter Kudritzki, Director of the Institute for Astronomy at the University of Hawai′i, is the chair of the GSMT SWG. NOAO’s Steve Strom served as vice-chair until mid year; David Silva, the incoming NOAO director, was added as co-chair upon his arrival in July. The SWG provides a public forum for discussion of the technical progress and scientific capabilities of the two ongoing U.S. ELT programs: Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) and Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT). A substantial proportion of the current SWG membership is not directly involved with TMT/GMT. In the past, GSMT SWG investigations were supported by NIO staff members, who carried out technical, performance simulation, and project planning studies. These studies include two major reports, “Frontier Science Enabled by a Giant Segmented Mirror Telescope,” (available at www.gsmt.noao.edu/gsmt_swg/SWG_Report/SWG_Report_7.2.03.pdf) and “A Giant Segmented Mirror Telescope: Synergy with the James Webb Space Telescope” (available at www.aura-astronomy.org/nv/GSMT_SynergyCase.pdf). During FY08, the primary scientific task for the SWG and NOAO was to initiate development of a GSMT Design Reference Mission (DRM), which would serve as input to the 2010 Decadal Survey and provide input for an independent technical assessment of GMT and TMT. The DRM is intended to be a document analogous to the ALMA Design Reference Science Program, and should provide a semi-quantitative assessment of community requirements in terms of observing nights, instrumentation and adaptive optics capabilities, and observing modes and conditions. As input to this process, the GSMT SWG, GMT, and TMT sponsored the “Science with Giant Telescopes: Public Participation in TMT and GMT” workshop, which was held in Chicago, June 15– 18. The presentations included four panel discussions on topics related to community needs, as well as over 20 science use case talks. Nearly all of the presentations are posted, together with summaries of the panel discussions; and written use cases were provided by a number of the speakers.

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ELT Development Support and Technical Monitoring

The July 2004 proposal submitted by AURA to NSF requested $39.4M to provide:

1. The public portion ($17.5M) of the funds needed to carry out the Design and Development Phase for a 30-m diameter segmented-mirror, optical/infrared telescope (i.e., TMT). 2. Funds ($14M) sufficient to advance to the Design and Development Phase (DDP) an alternative 20–30-m-class concept, such as the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT), to the point where its performance, cost, and risk can be assessed. 3. Technology development ($2M) common to both TMT and the alternative concept. 4. $1.5M for community groups to carry out conceptual designs for two instruments: one for TMT and one for the alternative concept. 5. $3.5M to support an education and public outreach program. 6. $0.9M to support a Theory Challenge program aimed at engaging theorists in shaping the design of ELTs.

The first of these investments was to leverage the $35M in non-federal funding (donated by the Moore Foundation to the California Institute of Technology and the University of California), plus funds requested of the Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI). The TMT project partnership, after AURA’s withdrawal, comprises the Association of Canadian Universities for Research in Astronomy, the California Institute of Technology, and the University of California. The second major investment supports a design study aimed at developing an alternate technical approach. Following review of two proposals from the community, a review panel was selected for support of the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT), a concept that provides the collecting area of a 21.5-m telescope by combining the light from seven 8.4-m mirrors. The GMT project is a partnership among the Carnegie Institution of Washington, Harvard University, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, University of Arizona, University of Texas at Austin, University of Michigan, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Texas A&M University, and Australian National University. Initial funding in the amount of $1M was received at the end of FY05, $2M was received during FY06, and an additional $5M was received in each of FY07 and FY08. These funds were split between TMT and GMT, on behalf of the U.S. community. The distribution provided equal cumulative contributions to both projects, including allowance for NOAO in-kind contributions to the TMT DDP by the end of the final FY08 payments. In addition to receiving periodic reports provided by both projects, NOAO staff attend major project reviews and other relevant meetings, including those of the relevant scientific advisory committees, as observers. Information from these meetings is transmitted to the NSF by AURA as part of the reporting process required under the award. AURA had been represented on the TMT Scientific Advisory Committee by four members, of whom three were AURA employees and the fourth, Charles Telesco of the University of Florida, was from the general community. The AURA members were withdrawn in October 2006, but TMT chose to request that Telesco continue to participate as a U.S. community representative, and Pieter van Dokkum of Yale University was added as a second community representative. GMT appointed Megan Donahue of Michigan State University as a similar representative to their Science Working Group. Prior to the NSF-directed withdrawal from the TMT partnership at the end of 2006, NOAO was an active technical partner. Most staff were transferred to other AURA projects as part of the withdrawal, but TMT has subsequently contracted with NOAO to continue some efforts, largely related to optical modeling and systems engineering, at less than 1 FTE.

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ELT Site Selection: Site Testing for the Thirty Meter Telescope

Starting with a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the California Extremely Large Telescope (CELT) group in FY02, AURA has played a major collaborative role in evaluating candidate sites for TMT. The list of candidate sites was narrowed by investigations of logistical issues such as land ownership, as well as by a series of remote sensing studies that have used satellite data to quantify the number of clear nights and the precipitable water vapor for each site. Each prime candidate site also has been modeled using computational fluid dynamics to investigate the boundary layer turbulence over the site under various wind speeds and directions. In-situ site testing equipment has been developed, and multiple copies have been purchased and assembled. This equipment includes weather stations, differential image motion monitors (DIMMs) capable of recording integrated seeing through the upper atmosphere and ground-layer, and multi- aperture scintillation sensors (MASS) capable of mapping turbulence profiles above candidate sites. Weather stations, DIMMs, and MASS units were deployed on five candidate sites. These were Mauna Kea (Hawai′i); San Pedro Mártir (Baja California, Mexico); and Cerro Armazones, Cerro Tolonchar and Cerro Tolar (all in northern Chile). The site testing observations are now largely complete; equipment has been removed from three of the five sites (Mauna Kea, San Pedro Mártir, and Cerro Tolar) and will be removed from Cerro Tolonchar early in FY09 when the Chilean winter is over. Testing will continue on the fifth and final site, Cerro Armazones in northern Chile, as this is the preferred southern site selected by TMT, as discussed below, and a longer time baseline is desirable. The data accumulated during the survey are being written up for publication—expected in early FY09—and the survey datasets will be made generally available following these initial publications. The results indicate that all five of the sites investigated are excellent astronomical sites. The survey will therefore be of value to future large telescope projects other than TMT. TMT has selected two of the five sites for possible construction—Mauna Kea in the Northern Hemisphere and Cerro Armazones in the Southern Hemisphere. The selection criteria included factors other than the astronomical properties of the sites, such as construction and operations costs and accessibility. A final selection between the two will be made in mid 2009.

FY08 Technical Papers by GSMTPO Staff

A total of sixteen technical papers related to GSMTPO activities were presented by GSMTPO staff at the June 2008 SPIE conference in Marseille on Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation; these have been published in the conference proceedings.

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3 NOAO-WIDE PROGRAMS

3.1 PUBLIC AFFAIRS AND EDUCATIONAL OUTREACH

Educational Outreach

NOAO’s Educational Outreach (EO) group is responsible for managing and developing the national observatory’s efforts in formal and informal science education on local, regional, and national levels. NOAO EO programs train teachers and astronomers to communicate scientific research principles and the latest discoveries in astronomy to pre-college students. The EO group also supports the Research Experiences for Undergraduate (REU) programs at Kitt Peak and Sacramento Peak, and helps facilitate graduate and post-graduate opportunities at KPNO and CTIO. FY08 highlights included major accomplishments in Tohono O’odham outreach and significant progress in preparing for the International Year of Astronomy 2009 (IYA2009).

Tohono O’odham Outreach The EO group is continuing to explore a wide variety of ways to assist in education on the Tohono O’odham Nation, thanks largely to strong efforts by K. Garmany and J. Glaspey. The largest event of the year was the Tohono O’odham open house on September 13, attended by over 1,000 members of the nation. This safe and successful event was coordinated by Kitt Peak, but included significant assistance from a number of PAEO staff who attended several Tohono O’odham district meetings to present information about the open house, arranged the logistics of widely publicizing the event, and conducted activities for several hundred children during the open house. “Reach for the Stars” began its second year. This attendance-initiative program was first proposed by the school district in Sells (IOBUSD40) in direct partnership with NOAO. EO staff members served on the school committee that met monthly to discuss ways to encourage better student attendance. These included using science toys for the younger grades, several nighttime field trips to Kitt Peak, and a visit by a portable planetarium. Large posters designed and printed by NOAO Public Affairs now hang in the school board room to remind everyone of the program. Prizes awarded to the best students in the program at a board meeting included and other items with an astronomical theme. At the request of the Nation’s major radio station in Sells, EO began producing a monthly program for KOHN 91.1 FM that first aired in July 2008. Each pre-recorded 30-minute program features interviews with NOAO astronomers, a talk about the current sky, and interviews with members of the Tohono O’odham Nation who have visited or worked at Kitt Peak. EO staff are completely responsible for producing the well-received program, which can be downloaded at www.noao.edu/clearskies. For the second year, KPNO hosted the summer horse camp held by the Sells Boys & Girls Club. Over 60 children and adults spent a June weekend at the Kitt Peak picnic grounds, learning how to manage the horses, and by extension, themselves, and enjoying a star party. Collaboration with Tohono O’odham Community College continues; help has been given the college in their efforts to obtain an NSF Tribal Colleges and Universities Program (TCUP) grant through letters of support, membership on committees, and staff availability to teach elementary astronomy. NOAO has offered to help with internships and other programs that strengthen the TCUP proposal; this will be dependent on the successful outcome of the grant.

IYA2009 D. Isbell is the U.S. single-point-of–contact for the International Year of Astronomy 2009 and C. Walker is the leader of the Dark Skies Awareness U.S. and international working groups. S. Pompea is

39 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

the project director, under a new IYA coordination grant from NSF led by Principal Investigator K. Marvel of the American Astronomical Society (AAS), and leader of the U.S. Telescope Kits working group. Highlights of our preparations for 2009 include: creation of the U.S. Web site and supporting materials; a highly successful Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP) IYA meeting in St. Louis; a resolution in the U.S. House of Representatives in support of IYA2009 submitted by Rep. Gabrielle Giffords of Tucson; development of a high-quality, low-cost telescope kit called the Galileoscope; and a weekend of creative publicity offered to an extremely diverse audience at the Dragon*Con 2008 convention in Atlanta over Labor Day.

Research Based Science Education (RBSE) In FY08, the NOAO RBSE program for high school science teachers, a core-funded program led by K. Garmany, completed its 12th year. Eighteen teachers (of 60) were accepted from a very competitive national field. The program focuses on the acquisition of astronomical knowledge and the use of appropriate data reduction skills and computer skills to enable the teachers to lead true research projects. The 18 teachers completed a challenging 12-week online class that included lessons in image processing, spectroscopy, and basic astronomy. A 10-day workshop held in June included four nights observing on Kitt Peak with the 2.1-meter, the Coudé Feed, the 0.9-meter, and the McMath-Pierce Solar Telescope. As teams, they completed a directed research project to bring back to their schools, choosing from searching for nova, membership of open clusters, spectroscopy of variable stars, identification of AGNs, and solar magnetic fields research areas. The NOAO Web site for the RBSE project continued to develop in 2008, with documentation and data sets added in all project areas and available to any teacher. RBSE students won honors at several science fairs, both regional and national. Matthew Walentosky (Oil City High School, PA), whose teacher participated in both the RBSE and Spitzer-RBSE Teacher programs, won second place in the Physics and Astronomy Division and the Pricilla and Bart Bok Award, second place, (presented by AAS and ASP) at the INTEL International Science & Engineering Fair in May 2008. The RBSE Journal, NOAO’s online research journal for students whose teachers have completed this program, continues to draw a steady amount of submissions.

Spitzer-RBSE Research Program for Students and Teachers This NASA-funded program (led by S. Pompea) continued with a new group of 16 teachers plus four veteran Spitzer teachers (who serve as team leaders) selected by NOAO in the fall from RBSE program graduates nationwide. These teachers attended a one-day workshop at the January 2008 AAS meeting in Austin to orient them to the program and to begin writing their research proposal for the director of the Spitzer Science Center, who granted Director’s Discretionary Time for the outreach project. The Austin AAS meeting also featured a press briefing on new Spitzer-RBSE results showing dark matter in the accretion disk around WZ Sge, presented by Steve Howell (NOAO) and Spitzer- RBSE students and teachers. Several of the 2008 research groups will present their results at the January 2009 AAS meeting in Long Beach.

Project ASTRO In September 2007, EO hosted 28 new teacher/astronomer partnerships in a two-day NOAO Project ASTRO-Tucson workshop led by C. Dugan. A half-day follow-up workshop for the academic year was held in March 2008 for 30 teachers from both the current year and past years to prepare their students to take part in the international GLOBE at Night 2008 program to assess and preserve dark- sky resources. On 19–20 September 2008, NOAO hosted a workshop for 20 new teacher/astronomer partnerships for the 2008-09 academic year with a focus on IYA2009. Four of this year’s new teachers are from the Phoenix area; a Phoenix-based astronomer partner was recruited to help support them.

Hands-On Optics The NSF-funded informal science education program Hands-On Optics (HOO) finished its NSF funding and is provided a moderate level of support under core funding to HOO sites nationally by R.

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Sparks, C. Walker, and S. Pompea (HOO Project Director and past Co-PI). Workshops were conducted during FY08 in Albuquerque, Hilo, the Timothy Smith Network in Boston, and in Bucharest, Romania (sponsored by SPIE). Shorter workshops on the HOO mini-kit, Terrific Telescopes, were presented at the SPIE Photonics West meeting in San Jose, the SPIE Photonics Europe meeting in Strasbourg (sponsored by SPIE), the AAS/ASP meeting in St. Louis, and the Astronomical League Convention in Des Moines. Another major HOO event was the Optics Fest in Tucson, the third consecutive year at this major local science festival that NOAO helped start. Nearly 40 teams and over 100 students participated in this event, with prizes provided by NOAO and Arizona Optics Industry Association companies.

Science Foundation Arizona: Expanding HOO in Arizona NOAO finished its first year of a project funded by Science Foundation Arizona (PI S. Pompea) to expand HOO to Boys & Girls Clubs in rural Arizona, the Tohono O’odham nation, and underserved communities, such as South Tucson, largely through the efforts of R. Sparks and C. Walker. Some of the sites are Boys & Girls Clubs in Bisbee, Safford, Prescott, Sierra Vista, Yuma, and Sells (which was closed in the spring of 2008). The project hosted Tohono O’odham students at Kitt Peak in conjunction with a camp led by the Lincoln National Forest, as well as students entering 9th, 10 th, and 11 th grades from the University of Arizona’s Camp CIENCIAS for optics activities at NOAO. A week-long summer camp for Tucson area Girl Scouts was also held.

Science Foundation Arizona: AstroBITS The Building Information Technology Skills through Astronomy (AstroBITS), also funded by the Science Foundation Arizona (PI K. Garmany), targets Arizona middle school teachers, particularly at rural and minority schools, and offers help in preparing their students for science-related career pathways through the excitement of astronomy and the computer skills of image processing. This year’s second class of eight teachers included two who teach on the Tohono O’odham reservation. In June, the teachers learned about imaging and related projects, honed skills in various computer projects, and spent two nights at Kitt Peak observing. During the school year, the teachers participate in weekly video chats and share their lesson plans with each other.

Astronomy From the Ground Up NOAO continues it partnership with the ASP and the Association of Science and Technology Centers (ASTC) in the Astronomy From the Ground Up (AFGU) program funded by NSF ISE (Co-PI S. Pompea). Using three-week online and two-day on-site workshops, where K. Garmany and R. Sparks played important roles, the project has trained over 200 educators from small and medium science and nature centers in doing better astronomy outreach. Workshops were held at the Museum of Life and Science in Durham, North Carolina, and the Pacific Science Center in Seattle. NOAO presented the optics segment of the online AFGU course in January, March, and September 2008. The revised format for the online workshops has significantly increased the frequency of postings during the optics sections. Each participant in the AFGU workshops (both online and in person) receives a teaching kit, and NOAO has built over 100 HOO Terrific Telescopes kits for the workshops this year with funding from the grant.

GSMT EO Development Projects NOAO largely completed work on two education projects for the GSMT project in FY08: the first project involves the development of two online sets of activities designed to guide students through the decisions related to site selection for a GSMT and the choice of its dome enclosure; the second created a module for the NOAO HOO program based on the concepts of adaptive optics. The site selection modules are standards-based and emphasize science process and problem-solving skills (see www.noao.edu/education/gsmt/). The second module addresses the engineering problem of determining the best enclosure shape for a large telescope using computer-generated movies of wind flow and turbulence for three enclosure types: carousel, dome-shutter, and calotte. The key concepts in

41 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

adaptive optics are outlined in a teacher’s guide that contains four adaptive optics demonstrations coupled with a kit of materials needed to conduct all of the activities and demonstrations in a classroom setting. These kits will be used in NOAO outreach programs and available for GSMT outreach by the winter 2008.

Piñon PRISE Promoting Inquiry through Science Education (PRISE) is a now completed collaborative teacher professional development project with the University of Arizona; the Office of Diné Science, Mathematics, and Technology; and the Piñon Unified School District under a grant from the State of Arizona/Math Science Partnership. The NOAO team consisted of R. Sparks, S. Pompea, C. Walker, S. Croft, K. Garmany, J. Glaspey, and master teachers K. Scotti and K. Keppik. Starting in August 2007, one professional development workshop a month on physical science teaching was conducted in Piñon, Arizona (five in FY08) by NOAO, with each workshop comprising 14 hours of professional development coupled with additional online discussion between the workshops.

GLOBE at Night The GLOBE at Night 2008 citizen-science campaign led by C. Walker generated nearly 7,000 brightness measurements of the world’s skies in more than 60 countries during the two-week event from 25 February through 8 March 2008. Over 20,000 observations from 100 countries have been submitted online now by citizen-scientists. For a second year, digital sky quality meters were also used to measure sky brightness. Successful partnerships were formed with leading astronomical societies (e.g., ASP and the Astronomical League) and their well-established networks of museums, science centers, and astronomy clubs. GLOBE at Night is a centerpiece activity for both the U.S. and global IYA2009 Dark Skies Awareness, and a large number of talks and workshops were given at AAS, American Geophysical Union, National Science Teachers Association, Darksky 2008, and ASP meetings as well as the annual meeting of the International Dark Sky Association.

ASTRO-Chile The ASTRO-Chile educational videoconference program joins middle and high school students in Chile and their bilingual counterparts in Tucson. In October 2007, Tucson teachers attended a workshop at NOAO in preparation for the spring 2008 cross-cultural Mars program with the Chilean teachers and their students. In a similar fashion, D. Orellana, Director of CADIAS, and H. Ochoa of NOAO South trained the teachers in and around La Serena, Chile. The latest Mars HiRise images were used in the remote-sensing activity where students compare and contrast geological features on Mars with Earth. A videoconference between the students in the Tucson and in La Serena, Chile area to present their results took place in April with 60 students from five schools in La Serena and Coquimbo and six schools from Tucson. A working model of the Mars rover, which can be operated remotely over the Internet, was built by NOAO REU student Gabor Angeli during the summer of 2007 and shipped to Chile where it will be part of the CADIAS education program.

Centro de Apoyo a la Didáctica de la Astronomía (CADIAS) Nearly 5,000 people visited the CADIAS astronomy outreach center in Altovalsol, Chile, supported by NOAO and Gemini, and another 10,194 adults and children attended one of the mobile planetarium shows. During FY08, CADIAS carried out a joint project with the Mamalluca Observatory called MIRA, using the mobile planetarium, observation with the solar telescope, and live music of the group Cosmovision Andina. CTIO outreach staff led by H. Ochoa made successful educational visits to schools in the 2nd Region of Peine and Socaire. The AURA-Gemini-Tololo mobile planetarium was taken to Quillota for a special program, coordinated by local organizers, for blind, deaf, wheelchair- bound, and mentally challenged children. CADIAS had a strong presence in the municipal Astro Day organized by Gemini Observatory, as well as in the summer school of the University of La Serena (ULS). CADIAS carried out with ULS the workshop “The 3rd Astronomy Workshop of the Children’s University” as well as participating in the “First Astronomical Week” in Aconcagua in the 5th Region.

42 NOAO-WIDE PROGRAMS

CADIAS staff were special guests of the Regional Government of Coquimbo in attending the 27th International Book Fair. CADIAS Director D. Orellana introduced his book of Astronomy in Braille, Tocando Los Cielos del Norte de Chile (Reaching the North of Chile’s Sky), published by CADIAS. The regional governor acknowledged the important work of CADIAS, and the director was presented to Chile President Michelle Bachelet, Minister of Education Yasna Provoste, and Minister of Culture Paulina Urrutia. Among the major events coordinated by CADIAS was the international seminar of astronomy, “CHILE – Window to the Universe,” where an exhibit stand “Properties of Light” was displayed for the attention of students. This event was organized by the Ministry of Chilean Foreign Affairs in the Chancellery building in Santiago. Later in the year, the municipality of La Serena invited representatives from CADIAS to be part of a cultural exchange in Cordoba, Argentina. To honor the late Dr. Hugo Schwarz (CTIO), the robotic telescope donated to CADIAS by Las Cumbres Observatory was named after him. ULS students made major progress toward automating the telescope during FY08, including a mechanical engineering exhibition at the university and workshops in the computing lab and mechanical processing lab. The student working group participated in training workshops called “Advanced Network for Astronomy” and “How to Provide Intelligence to a Robotic Telescope” by CTIO staff in the AURA main conference room.

Public Outreach

NOAO’s Public Outreach group manages all activities at the Kitt Peak Visitor Center, including the center’s educational exhibits and retail operations, three daily tours of Kitt Peak observatories, the Kitt Peak docent program, and the popular fee-based nighttime observing experiences for both the general public and advanced amateurs.

Kitt Peak Visitor Center FY08 was a challenging year overall for the Kitt Peak Visitor Center, given worsening economic conditions in the U.S. and a significant amount of poor weather that resulted in a record number of canceled nights for the Nightly Observing Program (NOP). (Many of the major attractions in the Tucson area reported seeing a decline in revenue or a flat-budget year.) However, a full year’s use of the third telescope dome for the NOP allowed for a near record number of participants, with monthly records in March and April. The Visitor Center was also a centerpiece of several outreach activities with the Tohono O’odham Nation.

ƒ The formal Kitt Peak membership program for the public saw a decline in members due to the economic conditions. A member’s survey, developed by K. Coil and R. Fedele, indicated that our members seemed to be happy with the overall program. Members-only events seemed to be well attended. Currently, we have 118 members.

ƒ Public outreach-related improvements to the Visitor Center and mountain facilities included new lighting in the Mayall 4-m visitor gallery, expanded visitor center retail space, installing new all-weather welcoming banners outside, and designing and building a new exhibit on mirror technology with the help of a Kitt Peak docent.

ƒ A new K-12 School Program was launched in the latter part of 2008. This new, informal science, fee-based program was designed by Public Outreach staff and ties into Arizona state science education standards. The program includes astronomy education on the mountain and in the classroom.

ƒ Phase one of The Sunnel exhibit was completed in the McMath-Pierce Solar Telescope cooperation with NSO and with funding from the NSF. Phase two will take place in FY09.

43 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

ƒ Articles on the Kitt Peak Visitor Center and its programs were published in the Los Angeles Kitt Peak Visitor Center FY08 Program Attendance Times, Times, Arizona Daily Star, Phoenix and General Visitors Republic, Austin American–Statesman, Sierra [vs. FY07] Vista Herald, Travel Weekly, Jackson Citizen Patriot, Jacksonville Daily News, Flint Journal, Guided Public Tours 6,814 Sunday Journal Star, Olean Times Herald, [7,363] Pantagraph (Bloomington, Il), Free Lance-Star, School Groups K-12 823 The Philadelphia Inquirer, Duluth News-Tribune, [998] Buffalo News, Marin Independent Journal, Westfield Evening News, Sunday Sentinel (Keene, Special Tours 221 NH), The News-Press (Fort Myers, FL), NewPress [154] (Stillwater, OK), The Atlanta Journal- Constitution, and The Kansas City Star Nightly Observing 7,001 newspapers; Sunset and Links magazines; America Program [6,673] Journal; and Men’s Journal. The Kitt Peak Visitor Advanced Observing 249 Center hosted more than a dozen different travel Program [349] writers doing stories on Southern Arizona Tourism. Total General Visitors 311,334 (est.) [277,133] ƒ Staff met with representatives of the Regional Economic Development Office of Coquimbo, Chile, during a fact-finding mission to Tucson to explore the feasibility of developing more astronomical tourism in the region.

ƒ Major community events and activities supported by public outreach staff include: Pima Community College Earth Science Day, Elderhostel, Arizona Youth University Astronomy Day Camp, a public presentation for Michigan visitors, promotional efforts at the Tucson tourist bureau, Tucson Symphony, an Arizona Science Teachers Association conference, a Summer Solstice Event at University of Arizona, Pima County Library “Get Fit Outdoors,” a TV interview on KVOA Channel 4, a radio interview with Citadel Broadcasting, Family Night at Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum, and an advanced astronomical imaging workshop in San Jose, CA.

Media Filming at KPNO in FY08

Media Outlet Activity BBC Affiliate Sound recording at 4-m Discovery Channel Canada Asteroids BASE Productions, Inc. National Geographic's “The Known Universe" Associated Producers Science of the Soul AZ Daily Star Local News Interstellar Studios 400 Years of the Telescope [also in Chile] Wicked Delicate Films Light Pollution and Night Sky Pioneer Productions National Geographic's Naked Science Series Arizona Highways Tourist Destinations TV Show

44 NOAO-WIDE PROGRAMS

3.2 ADMINISTRATION SERVICES

NOAO North

Central Administrative Services (CAS) provided full business services in FY08 for NOAO North and South, NSO, LSST, SOAR, and the WIYN telescopes. At NOAO South, additional services are needed as a result of operating in La Serena, Chile. These services are acquired through AURA Observatory Support Services (AOSS). CAS prepared FY07 year-end reports, annual audits, and renewals of benefit services; recruited new staff; and provided supervisor training. Additionally, the NOAO accounting and sponsored projects offices worked diligently on the AURA proposal for the new cooperative agreement for operations of NOAO and NSO. The proposal was successfully submitted in November 2007. The NSF cost review visits of all the AST Federally Funded Research Development Centers (FFRDCs), a result of the NSF Senior Review, were completed during FY08. NOAO welcomed the review; as it provided NSF and the visiting committee with a better understanding of the complex and integrated system of services provided by NOAO staff. The NOAO review was conducted in Chile and in Tucson. The NOAO and NSO staff met with the NSF contracted organization, LMI, and provided Web-based access to background information about the organizational processes, operations, and cost. LMI was impressed with NOAO’s online timekeeping, purchasing, and cost reporting systems. CAS began the process of upgrading the computerized procurement and reporting system to automate travel requests, expense report reconciliation, signature authority, expense information, and provide easy access for the NOAO global staff. Although not yet complete, progress is being made in these areas. The success of this system (Reqless) has encouraged CAS to add further development modules such as online receiving of orders in the spring of 2009. The new Web-based budgeting program was purchased and will allow NOAO to prepare budgets and reports in a more timely and efficient manner. CAS focused its efforts on Web-accessed, streamlined programs in FY08. This will assist in reducing paper usage and storage and provide global access for staff. However, CAS still emphasizes the need for contacts of the human kind and provided assistance to both North and South via visits, meetings, and educational seminars. These periodic face-to-face visits eliminate communication and procedural issues and ensure the connection between NOAO North and South by keeping all staff focused on the over-all NOAO mission and programs. CAS plays an important role for all AURA Centers by providing expertise in import/export, insurance, and business systems support. In FY08, strides were made in working with the centers in reducing insurance liability costs, review of AURA HR and financial policies, and the AURA audit committee. In FY09, CAS will continue to combine services, procedures, and operations to provide efficient customer service. Two human resource areas have had major changes in their operations. Human Resources (HR) actively took a role in providing health and wellness programs and information to our employees. The development of a monthly email wellness newsletter, instituting wellness and health testing fairs, and modifications to our medical plan were undertaken during the year. The other area was streamlining the recruitment process for the applicants, reviewers, and hiring managers. HR completed the annual performance management evaluations, held a successful recruitment process seminar, and redesigned the Conflict of Interest reporting process to include an automated annual Web-based updating process. Additionally, the search for a new CTIO Director was begun and resulted in Dr. R. Chris Smith being selected as the new Director.

NOAO South

Limited administrative services for NOAO South are provided by AURA-O through the AOSS Operations.

45 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

3.3 FACILITIES OPERATIONS

NOAO North

NOAO Central Facilities Operations continued to complete projects from the end of FY07 along with routine renewal of outsourced services. The janitorial and security contracts were reviewed and renewed. Along with routine maintenance, work was completed on the remodeling of the front lobby to include a receptionist area (Figure 13), which is now operational and staffed eight hours a day, Monday–Friday. The northeast parking lot was redesigned to include security keycard access. Over the last 10 years, parking has become scarce as NOAO relocated on the University of Arizona campus. Securing the parking lot allows for better service to the employees of NOAO and Figure 13: Remodeled NOAO-N reception NSO. However, it should be noted that while there are area. 150 spaces, there are over 325 employees who wish to park. CFO continues to encourage alternative forms of transportation such as public and carpooling. The scientific interaction-room was completed in the second quarter of FY08. This included an upgrade to the patio area adjacent to the room (Figure 14). Work began on re-engineering space that was a photo lab into six offices and a new corridor. This work should be completed in November 2008.

Figure 14: Scientific Interaction Room and its newly landscaped courtyard.

An outside consultant reviewed the cooling and heating systems and recommended repairs, changes, and/or modifications to improve operation and energy conservation. A plan is now underway to implement the recommendations, including an upgrade to the NOAO computer facilities. This plan will meet the new compliance requirements set by the FY08 Energy Policy Act and recent Executive Orders for Federal Facilities. CFO continues to expand the access control systems to increase security over laboratory and shop areas. Various divisions within NOAO have undertaken efforts to purchase access control components, and staff will proceed with installation over the coming year. Furthermore, CFO installed security access and assisted with maintenance on Gemini North’s computer room. This assistance may decrease in FY09 with the new Gemini RFP process.

46 NOAO-WIDE PROGRAMS

CFO staff led a review and development of the Cleaning and Greening projects. A committee report was produced in June 08, and, currently, projects with low impact are underway. Large projects are under review for FY09 funding. The warehouse and several areas in the main building and on KPNO were cleaned. A large number of items were “surplused” or disposed of during the year. CFO has started to re-engineer usage of these areas that were previously used for storage. NOAO South has begun the same process and is making good progress. NOAO Associate Director for Administration and Facilities K. Wilson, Tucson Facility Manager J. Dunlop, and Computer Support Infrastructure Manager S. Grandi presented at the first annual NSF Large Facilities Workshop. The presentation included an overview of 50 years of facility maintenance challenges and lessons learned. NOAO will be hosting the next Workshop on behalf of NSF in April 2009.

NOAO South At NOAO South, work on the new lobby was completed. The process of adding more office space in the library area was put on hold due to budget constraints and the peso impact. This will be revisited in FY09 along with design plans for accommodating future LSST operations.

3.4 COMPUTER INFRASTRUCTURE AND NETWORK SERVICES

CIS consists of two parts: CIS-North (NOAO North) and CIS-South (NOAO South). In both hemispheres, the respective CIS organization installs, maintains, supports, upgrades, and secures the computers and networks within NOAO. While the primary core function of CIS is to provide computer infrastructure support to NOAO North and South, support also is given to NSO, SOAR, and WIYN.

NOAO North

A primary goal for FY08 was to finish planning and then execute an infrastructure improvement plan for the NOAO Tucson main building with emphasis on improvements to power and environmental conditions for the computer lab. An outside power and cooling consultant provided a final report regarding improvements to the computer lab, which CIS and Facilities are reviewing. Any improvements based on their recommendations would occur in FY09. Another goal for FY08 was to plan and begin execution of an improvement plan for the Ethernet electronics in the wiring closets spread around the NOAO Tucson main building. Much was accomplished on this. Single-mode fiber bundles were pulled from the computer lab to rooms 135, 137, and 83 to support higher-speed data links. Additionally, rooms 135, 129, and 34 received new Ethernet switches (some replacing older switches) to support gigabit connections to offices in their vicinities. Systems connected to the new switches can now make connections that are supported by 3x1 Gbps trunks to the building backbone. Additional activities in FY08 include the following:

ƒ Security fixes were made to the DNS (Domain Name System) servers on the NOAO network to comply with a system-wide security alert.

ƒ A new ASL Lancelot 1180-T 1U server was installed as an upgrade to Scope which serves the NOAO Proposal Process. Another 1180-T was installed to support a Demo version of the Docushare product from Xerox.

ƒ CIS-North helped to support the move of computers from the defunct LSST Corporation office on Camp Lowell Road to the NOAO-Tucson computer lab.

47 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

NOAO South

In FY08, CIS-South provided a voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) for telephone communication between NOAO South and NOAO North offices (including one in Santiago). This involved making all network connections, data and VoIP, for the new Cerro Pachón dorm (operated by AOSS); installation of numerous IP phones at facilities in La Serena and SOAR on Cerro Pachón; installation of a data and VoIP network at the laser facility in La Serena; switch and server installations; and processor engine upgrades. The VoIP switch for Tucson was installed and configured. After several days of machinations, CIS-South finally made it work such that now all north-south VoIP calls transfer through this link. It has proved to be much more stable. A second router and switch for Tucson will be purchased for spares. The VoIP phone routers were upgraded to a later software revision. There still remain Tololo and parts of La Serena, namely AOSS and houses, to be brought into the system, but this is being delayed until an accepted billing system is in place. Hopefully, this will happen early in November 2008. CIS-South refurbished the Main Conference Room in La Serena with a new teleconference system, slide projector, and screen. Other activities in FY08 include the following:

ƒ The fire alarm system and air conditioning work in the La Serena computer room was completed.

ƒ Work was begun with Yale University to install a microwave link between La Silla and Tololo in order to use NOAO’s network infrastructure to transfer data to Yale University in the U.S.

ƒ CIS-South staff member J. Hughes obtained the CISSPI security certification and fellow staff member Eduardo Toro completed Cisco’s CSNA certification. CIS-South encourages its members to aim for formal certification for the products that are used.

ƒ There was a major failure in the NOAO South Internet connection due to a cut fiber in Santiago; downtime related to this incident was six hours.

ƒ The recinto houses were removed from the main La Serena Ethernet switch. This is in preparation for moving them to a local ISP and taking them off the company network.

ƒ Reuna announced the purchase of an MCU for usage by its members. Personnel traveled to Santiago to be certified in the usage of this equipment. In turn, CIS-South removed its Polycom equipment to outside the firewall as that was a prerequisite for a guaranteed image quality.

ƒ Several SunOS disks that are used on the ARCON systems failed in the fourth quarter of FY08 due to age. As it is imperative to keep these systems running for another two to three years, some new “old technology” disks were found as replacements.

48

APPENDIX A NOAO SCIENTIFIC STAFF ACTIVITY

¬New appointment in FY08 Non-NSF (external) funding ±Term ended in FY08

FY08 Accomplishments and FY09 PLANS

TIMOTHY ABBOTT, Associate Scientist

Research Interests Late stages of binary ; instrumentation; telescope operations

FY08 Accomplishments Abbott, as Deputy Program Manager for the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) collaboration and Telescope Manager for the Blanco 4-m telescope, was involved in all aspects of the development of DECam. He is particularly involved in coordination between NOAO and the other partners to ensure that the Blanco telescope is capable of providing the platform and image quality required, and that DECam itself will appropriately serve the NOAO community. As Telescope Manager and Instrument Scientist, Abbott continues to work to maintain Blanco’s high performance as a user facility. Abbott continued his studies of variable stars with participation in a multi-site, multiwavelength study of an accreting millisecond .

FY09 Plans Abbott intends to continue his participation in the DECam collaboration and pursue appropriate upgrades to the Blanco telescope to support this instrument and the community at large through managing the CTIO Facilities Improvement Project. Abbott also will continue to pursue his scientific interests through studies of binary stars in late stages of their evolution.

HELMUT A. ABT, Astronomer Emeritus

Research Interests Formation and evolution of double stars; ; publication statistics

FY08 Accomplishments: Abt explored why there are slowly rotating normal A stars because all such stars should have become Ap or Am stars by diffusion below their atmospheres. It turns out that although the Ap (Si), Ap (HgMn), and Am stars develop those peculiarities in a small fraction of their main-sequence lifetimes, it takes an Ap (SrCrEu) star about half of its main-sequence lifetime to develop those peculiarities. That is why there are still normal slow rotators among the A stars on the main sequence. Abt classified 145 AF stars with spectroscopic binaries. One would like to do studies of stars in spectroscopic binaries with known , but more than one-third of them lacked MK types. Abt published the MK types of 546 stars in visual doubles, completing the classification of all the 2403 visual doubles brighter than B = 8 in the Aitken Catalog. He also studied the mean radial velocities of stars in open clusters and learned that most of the B0–B3 stars have radial velocities that are larger than earlier or later stars. That could be due to the effects of mass loss on their line profiles.

FY09 Plans Abt wonders about the changes in orbital characteristics of binaries in open clusters as functions of age, cluster densities, and cluster richness. The data are in the literature but no one has explored that.

A-1 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

Because binaries seem to be formed in three-body interactions in clusters, one might expect that their orbital characteristics would change the longer they remain in clusters.

ROBERT BLUM, Associate Astronomer

Research Interests The Galactic Center; massive star formation and young, high angular resolution techniques including laser guide star adaptive optics and near infrared spectroscopy; stellar populations in the

FY08 Accomplishments Blum continues to work with colleagues P. Conti (JILA), A. Damineli and E. Figuerdo (U. Sao Paulo), and C. Barbosa on studies of GHII regions in the galaxy. The group recently found a puzzling short distance to the GHII W51A MAIN (2–4 kpc) and identified the exciting O-type star in the W51 star forming region IRS2W (also known as W51d, a radio UCHII region) using the Gemini North laser guide star Adaptive Optics (AO) facility.

FY09 Plans Blum will continue work with the Spitzer SAGE team on mid-infrared space-based studies of the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds. Blum will pursue a new line of study (PI A. Seth, CfA/Harvard) investigating the nuclei of dwarf galaxies in the Local Group. These nuclear star clusters may form the low mass end to the bulge-black hole relation evident in higher-mass systems. Kinematics obtained with laser guide star AO and near-infrared IFU spectroscopy will lead to an understanding of the cluster formation mechanism(s) and limits on black hole masses.

TODD BOROSON Astronomer (Interim Director, NOAO, through 6 July 2008)

Research Interests Structural and physical properties of active galactic nuclei; stellar populations and their evolution; O/IR instrumentation; analysis and mining of large astronomical data sets

FY08 Accomplishments In the last part of FY08, Boroson resumed work on his study of low-redshift QSO spectra from the . Software to automatically process the tens of thousands of spectra and measure line and continuum properties was developed. In addition, near-IR spectra obtained with GNIRS on Gemini South in 2004 was reduced. These spectra will investigate the relationship of the properties of the [O III] λ5007 and C IV λ1549 emission lines observed in the IR and optical, respectively.

FY09 Plans During his sabbatical in FY09, Boroson will work on three projects. First, using the software tools developed previously, he will complete the analysis of the low-redshift SDSS QSO spectra and interpret the observed characteristics in terms of physical parameters. Second, in collaboration with G. Richards (Princeton U.), P. Hall (York U.), J. Shields (Ohio U.), and J. Hennawi (U. California), he will study the characteristics of line emission from outflowing material in QSOs, using the near-IR spectra obtained with GNIRS in 2004. Third, he will continue his collaborative work with D. Schneider and M. Eracleous (Penn State U.) aimed at identifying AGN that contain binary black holes and searching for evidence of orbital motion of the two black holes.

MARK BRODWIN, Research Associate

A-2 NOAO SCIENTIFIC STAFF ACTIVITY

CHRISTINE CHEN, Research Associate (Spitzer Fellow, NASA)±

CHARLES F. CLAVER, Scientist

Research Interests Age and history of the Milky Way; stellar populations; large optical/infrared telescopes; Large Synoptic Survey Telescope; astronomical instrumentation; atmospheric physics

FY08 Accomplishments As telescope/site scientist and systems engineer for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), Claver has continued his work on the design and development of the 8.4-m, 3.5-degree field-of-view telescope system. As part of his systems engineering work, Claver has continued the development of a comprehensive requirements model using the newly released Systems Modeling Language (SysML). Claver started a collaborative effort with J. T. McGraw and J. Turner at University of New Mexico (UNM) to carry out a campaign to measure the turbulent air flow over the LSST site on Cerro Pachón using the UNM-designed micro-thermal array. This effort will also attempt to measure directly the outer scale of the turbulence power spectrum. Claver and J. Sebag (LSST Telescope & Site Systems Engineer) worked with REU student Taylor Chonis to analyze existing meteorological and seeing data from the LSST site to characterize the correlations in seeing with wind speed and direction. Claver and Chonis also participated in one of several observing runs at CTIO in support of developing the calibration strategy for the LSST survey. Claver and K. Mighell (NOAO) worked with REU student Tiffany Meshkat to analyze the low luminosity portion of the intermediate cluster IC4651 from deep UBVI data obtained from the Blanco 4-m telescope at CTIO.

FY09 Plans Claver plans to continue his work on the LSST project toward detailing system requirements, developing an operations model, and advancing the telescope design and control in preparation for a Preliminary Design Review. He will continue leading the development of the alignment and wavefront sensing strategy for the LSST active optics control system. Claver will also continue in his role as the LSST systems engineer. He plans to continue his observation work on old open clusters in the Milky Way.

STEVEN K. CROFT, Senior Science Education Specialist (Astronomer)

KATIA CUNHA, Assistant Astronomer

Research Interests High-resolution spectroscopy; Galactic and extragalactic stellar abundances; gradients; chemical evolution

FY08 Accomplishments Cunha’s main topic of research in this period was related to characterizing chemical abundance distributions in the . Cunha and collaborators analyzed high-resolution infrared spectra in a sample of Bulge K and M giants in the K-band to probe the nucleosynthetic origins of the element fluorine. This was the first study to define the behavior of fluorine with metallicity in the bulge: the trend overlaps what is found in the disk with the most -rich bulge target extending the disk trend. Results indicate that chemical evolution in the bulge was probably inhomogeneous.

A-3 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

FY09 Plans Cunha plans to continue with the analysis of high-resolution spectroscopic data in different stellar populations in the Milky Way, as well as analyze abundance patterns of K-M giants in the Small Magellanic Cloud. In addition, Cunha plans to begin to probe metallicity gradients in the Galactic Bulge from observations of red-giants in obscured inner Bulge fields.

ROBERTO DE PROPRIS, Assistant Astronomer

Research Interests Clusters of galaxies; luminosity functions; close pairs of galaxies

FY08 Accomplishments De Propris worked on the 2SLAQ redshift survey, collaborations with several colleagues on galaxy evolution in distant clusters and a radial velocity survey of the bulge, and co-supervising graduate student theses on the HI properties of distant galaxies and the evolution of galaxies in groups. A study of faint dwarf galaxies in z = 0.3 clusters has just been completed (and submitted to AJ), while two papers on the AGN-LRG connection and on the dry merger rate at z = 0.55 have been submitted.

FY09 Plans De Propris will begin work on the GAMA survey, continue the K-band study of nearby 2dF clusters (application for KPNO time), expand the study with wide-field imaging on the Magellan and by using archival HST material, continue work on close pairs (applications for XMM, VLT IFU and possibly VLA) and start a collaboration with J. Kaviraj to study Be 17 and the properties of hot HB stars. De Propris will finish a project started by an REU student to map the halo of the Milky Way with HB stars from the 2Qz survey and look to a pencil beam BHB survey with existing HST archival data.

DAVID DE YOUNG, Astronomer

Research Interests Theoretical astrophysics, especially non-linear phenomena; galaxy clusters; active galactic nuclei; extragalactic radio sources; MHD and hydrodynamic phenomena

FY08 Accomplishments De Young, in collaboration with T.W. Jones (U. Minnesota) and S.M. O’Neill (U. Minnesota) completed a series of three-dimensional time-dependent MHD simulations of the evolution of radio sources in rich clusters of galaxies. The intent of these calculations is to examine the degree of mixing and heating of the intracluster medium (ICM) that results from their formation and evolution. This in turn will test the popular idea that AGN feedback can solve the cluster cooling flow problem. The paper has been written and is in the process of submission to the journal. These calculations show that the presence of magnetic fields with correlation lengths similar to the scale of the radio source serve to inhibit mixing and heating of the ICM. De Young also began work on a study of radio AGN feedback to determine if AGN outflows can in fact heat the ambient medium sufficiently to halt star formation. This process is currently invoked in an ad hoc matter in current galaxy formation and evolution models in order to make CDM cosmologies match observational data. De Young also provided the opening review talk at a one-week meeting on “Radio Galaxies in the Chandra Era” at CfA and presented a paper at the 2008 Aspen Astrophysics workshop of Galaxy Evolution.

FY09 Plans De Young will continue his study of the interaction of AGN outflows with the surrounding medium in order to obtain a quantitative estimate of the energy transfer from AGNs to the ISM and ICM. This

A-4 NOAO SCIENTIFIC STAFF ACTIVITY

will directly address the currently popular “radio AGN feedback” paradigm. De Young will also continue ongoing research with T. Rector (U. Alaska) on the evolution of compact outflows from the nuclei of active galaxies.

ARJUN DEY, Associate Astronomer

Research Interests Galaxy evolution; high-redshift galaxies; large-scale structure; AGN evolution and clustering

FY08 Accomplishments During FY08, Dey worked on the Conceptual Design Study for the Gemini Wide-Field Multi-Object Spectrometer (WFMOS), a next-generation instrument providing a highly multiplexed (~4800 fiber), wide-field (1.5 deg) spectroscopic capability for the Gemini community. The Gemini Observatory is now attempting to partner with the Subaru Observatory to realize this capability. Dey served on the NOAO working group on the Evolution of the System of O/IR Facilities; on the AURA Decadal Steering Committee, as an external reviewer for the Subaru Japanese TAC; and on the Tinsley Prize Committee. Dey is one of the two PIs (with B. Jannuzi) of the NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey (NDWFS) project, an investigation of galaxy evolution and clustering over an unprecedented volume. This survey has spurred a huge investment in ground- and space-based resources (VLA, Westerbork, Spitzer, MMT, Keck, GALEX, Chandra), and the resulting unique multiwavelength database is allowing a comprehensive study of galaxy evolution and structure formation in the 0

FY09 Plans Dey will continue to work primarily on galaxy evolution and clustering, using the NDWFS and related survey data. He plans to continue studying the clustering and evolution of the red envelope galaxy population, investigating the growth of the central black holes in these systems, and studying the high- z Lyman break galaxy population. He supervises two thesis students at the U. of Arizona Astronomy Dept. Along with M. Prescott (U. of Arizona graduate student), Dey is studying the space density of large Lyman-alpha emitting nebulae and the constraints they place on the formation of massive galaxies. With S. Bussmann (U. of Arizona graduate student), Dey is studying the physical properties of a sample of high-redshift obscured AGN. With postdoc N. Reddy and graduate student M. Prescott, Dey also is identifying and investigating a sample of z < 2 Lyman-alpha emitters in order to measure the properties and evolution of this population. Dey will participate in the WFMOS Conceptual Study (led by the AAO) in the role of Survey Scientist, organizing the core science teams to carry out the two key scientific projects (a Dark Energy study and a Galactic Archaeology study). Dey serves on the AURA Decadal Steering Committee.

MARK DICKINSON, Associate Astronomer

Research Interests Galaxy formation and evolution; high redshift galaxies; active galactic nuclei

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FY08 Accomplishments Dickinson is the principal investigator (PI) for two Spitzer Legacy science programs: The Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS), and the Far-Infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (FIDEL). GOODS is a multiwavelength deep-field survey of the distant universe, and the Spitzer observations comprise the deepest view of the sky at 3.6 to 24 microns. GOODS is now “mature,” having taken and delivered all of its data products; the survey has led to more than 300 publications in the refereed literature, most of which now come from the broader astronomical community using GOODS data products, rather than the original proposal team. FIDEL has obtained the deepest Spitzer far-infrared (70 and 160 microns) imaging covering approximately 0.6 square degrees in three premier survey fields, to study thermal dust emission from infrared-luminous and ultraluminous galaxies and active galactic nuclei at redshifts out to z = 2. All data have been obtained, and the team has made two public data releases. Final data reduction is being completed for a new data release, and the first scientific results are being prepared for publication. Dickinson led a KPNO 4-m program to obtain deep near-infrared J- and K-band imaging of the Extended Groth Strip (EGS, one of the FIDEL fields) using the NEWFIRM wide-field imager. About 75 percent of the EGS imaging was completed, and data reduction is underway using the NOAO NEWFIRM data reduction pipeline. (Dickinson is the pipeline project scientist in the NOAO Data Products Program). In FY08, Dickinson supervised three NOAO postdoctoral researchers working on various aspects of galaxy evolution: S. Salim, N. Reddy, and M. Brodwin, and is the NOAO staff contact for Spitzer Fellow A. Pope. Dickinson also is supervising the Ph.D. thesis research of U. of Arizona graduate student S. Juneau.

FY09 Plans GOODS is moving into a new phase of observations with the approval of an Open Time Key Program using the Herschel Observatory, a 4-m far-infrared space telescope to be launched in 2009. D. Elbaz (CEA/Saclay, France) is the scientific PI, and Dickinson is the U.S. NASA PI for this survey. This program will observe both GOODS fields with the Herschel PACS and SPIRE instruments, covering 100 to 520 microns, including an ultra-deep PACS field in GOODS-S that will be the deepest observations ever at 100 and 160 microns. These data will be sensitive to the far-infrared emission from the same “ordinary” high-redshift dusty starburst galaxies and AGN that have been studied with the GOODS Spitzer data at 24 microns, providing a more direct measurement of their bolometric closer to the peak of the thermal infrared dust emission. Data-taking and analysis is expected to begin in FY09. In the meanwhile, Dickinson will lead the continued analysis of the FIDEL Spitzer data, focusing on publication of scientific results, including studies of the dust properties of distant, luminous starburst galaxies, the cross-calibration of various independent star formation rate indicators, and the search for Compton thick AGN at moderate redshifts (where they are expected to dominate the hard X-ray background). He is also a member of several other active science collaborations, including two Hubble Treasury programs: the PEARS ACS grism survey of the GOODS fields led by S. Malhotra (ASU); and a program of NICMOS imaging covering about one sixth of the GOODS areas, targeting (primarily) massive galaxies at z ~ 2–3 (PI C. Conselice, Nottingham UK).

GREGORY DOPPMANN, Research Associate

Research Interests Young stellar objects; star and planet formation: spectral synthesis modeling; infrared instrumentation

FY08 Accomplishments Doppmann, with Najita and Carr (2008), characterized the pre-main sequence binary GV Tau and found warm organic gas present in the north component to be redshifted from the star, which suggests the presence of an unseen spectroscopic binary companion sharing a circumbinary disk. Analysis of the south component revealed that it is a radial velocity variable, which could be explained by the

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presence of a low-mass binary companion. Modeling of prebiotic compounds (e.g., H2O, HCN, C2H2) in other young stellar objects with disks revealed that water could not account for the warm excess observed in MWC 408, using the rich H2O line emission observed in V1331 Cyg as a template (Najita, Doppmann, Carr, Graham, and Eisner, 2008). Using an improved theoretical water-line list, Doppmann has begun to make refined synthesis models of water emission at high resolution to compare with L-band observations of a sample of 12 young stellar objects (YSOs) with protoplanetary disks. Using stellar synthesis models to quantify errors in temperature, , and metallicty from spectra of standard stars (singles and eclipsing binaries), Doppmann is leading a paper with K. Stassun to profile a technique that measures fundamental physical parameters in YSO from high- resolution K-band spectra. Doppmann also contributed to papers involving mid-IR observations of YSOs using TEXES on Gemini North.

FY09 Plans Working with J. Najita, Doppmann will continue to model water emission in the disks surrounding young stars. This work is now leading into the investigation of other organic compounds that may be evident in their Nirspec L-band sample after removal of the stronger H2O component. With J. Eisner and J. Najita, Doppmann will investigate the source of the excess emission observed in a sample of stars from proposed high spectral and spatial resolution observations next spring. Doppmann with K. Stassun will use synthesis models, carefully calibrated from spectra of standard stars, to derive fundamental properties of pre-main sequence objects using a spectral fitting technique that will allow an empirical test of stellar evolutionary models for young, low-mass objects.

JONATHAN H. ELIAS, Astronomer (Head of Program, GSMTPO)

Research Interests Star formation and evolution; Magellanic Clouds; supernovae

FY08 Accomplishments Elias provided scientific oversight of the GSMT Program Office. GSMTPO activities included organization of a workshop on “Science with Giant Telescopes” that was held in June in Chicago, with the purpose of gathering community input on science with the next generation of extremely large telescopes. Elias has also provided support to the Gemini Observatory as it repairs the Gemini Near- Infrared Spectrometer (GNIRS).

FY09 Plans Elias’s scientific activities planned for FY09 will be in support of GSMT and O/IR System development, including, but not limited to, support of the GSMT Science Working Group. Support for Gemini work on GNIRS repairs will also continue.

SEBASTIAN ELS, Research Associate

Research Interests Atmospheric turbulence; planetary formation; instrumentation

FY08 Accomplishments Els, as member of the TMT site-testing team, delivered the final site-testing report. Els continued work on the behavior of groundlayer seeing, using data from the TMT site-testing campaign in collaboration with Vogiatzis (TMT) and the TMT site-testing team in Pasadena. Els collaborated with Cuevas at the Astrometeorology group at Universidad de Valparaiso on numerical analysis of particular turbulence events observed during the TMT site testing. A collaboration with Sarazin (ESO) is ongoing to correlate turbulence observations at Paranal and Armazones.

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FY09 Plans Els, as a member of the TMT site-testing team, will further investigate the behavior of optical turbulence. The goal will be to investigate whether the three TMT site-testing stations in northern Chile can be used to develop a forecast or nowcast of the turbulence strength.

KATY GARMANY, Associate Scientist (Senior Science Education Specialist)

Research Interests Astronomy education: formal and informal; formation and evolution of massive stars

FY08 Accomplishments Garmany continued management of the RBSE program, including recruiting teachers, teaching an online component, and organizing the summer workshop, which included four nights at Kitt Peak using four different telescopes. She managed the teacher/student observing program (TOP), handled groups at the 0.9-m, and continued a student project using data from the 0.9-m telescope. She edited the Conference Proceedings from “EPO and a Changing World: Creating Linkages and Expanding Partnerships,” ASPCS, vol. 389. She managed year two of a grant from Science Foundation Arizona for an “RBSE lite” program for Arizona middle school teachers. Garmany worked to improve collaboration with schools and educational groups on the Tohono O’odham Nation, in particular “Reach for the Stars,” an attendance initiative program. Garmany collaborated with K. Cunha on a Magellan observing proposal, and spent six nights observing at the Clay telescope in January, She is collaborating with K. Cunha and others on the data analysis of the chemical composition of outer disk B stars.

FY09 Plans Garmany will continue managing the RBSE program, with particular emphasis this year on exploring how former teachers could better use these resources, and how they can be made available to a broader audience. She will continue working with the Tohono O’odham schools, at their request, on “Reach for the Stars” as well as other programs at the Tohono O’odham Community College and other educational organizations on the Tohono O’odham Nation.

BROOKE GREGORY, Scientist

Research Interests Infrared instrumentation; next-generation telescope design; adaptive optics

FY08 Accomplishments Gregory divided his time activities among several roles in FY08. The first role was scientist support of the SOAR telescope, which included modifications of the OSIRIS IR imager/spectrograph, testing and analysis of the donut concept for the online wavefront sensor, and leading the development of various SOAR facilities: cryocooler installation, clean room design and installation. His second role was manager of the Engineering and Technical Services Division of CTIO. The third role was co-project scientist in the development of the SOAR adaptive optics system, to be commissioned in the initial NGS phase in FY09. A fourth role involved several activities in preparation for the arrival of the NEWFIRM and DECam Wide-field Imager to the Blanco 4-m telescope: notably, the specification and design of the Blanco Instrument Maintenance Facility and planning for the upgrade of the Blanco primary mirror support system. Another role for Gregory was being the intermediary between the AURA Observatories and Chilean Aviation control authorities, working to establish procedures and permissions for the operation of laser guide stars by the Gemini and SOAR telescopes.

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FY09 Plans Gregory will continue his present activities. The areas of greatest importance will be the preparation of the Blanco telescope for the DECam project and some continued involvement in support of the SOAR instrumentation program (i.e., Phoenix, Spartan, wavefront sensing).

CRAIG HARRISON, Research Associate¬

JASON HARRIS, Associate Scientist±

KENNETH H. HINKLE, Scientist

Research Interests Peculiar and late-type stars; circumstellar and interstellar matter; molecular spectroscopy; instrumentation

FY08 Accomplishments Hinkle continued his work on AGB and post-AGB mass loss with the publication of two papers. In collaboration with groups from Vienna and Tucson, Hinkle authored an analysis of the outflow from the final flash remnant V605 Aql. With a group lead by Decin (Leuven), the mass loss history of a typical AGB star was examined. Hinkle’s collaboration with Fekel (Tennessee State) and Joyce (NOAO) on binary evolution resulted in the publication of a sixth paper in a series on symbiotic binary orbits. This paper highlights additional observational tools and statistical analysis of eclipsing systems. The evolution of abundances along the AGB was explored in a paper with Lebzelter (Vienna) on dredge up in the intermediate age LMC cluster NGC 1846. Hinkle, in collaboration with Joyce (NOAO), presented a concept for a high-resolution near-infrared spectrograph at the 2008 SPIE meeting.

FY09 Plans Hinkle will continue his work, in collaboration with Lambert (Texas), on post-AGB stars with an analysis of HdC CNO abundances. Research on post-AGB binaries and circumbinary disks is underway with Margheim (Gemini), Rajagopal (NOAO), and Brittain (Clemson). Additional observations and publications on binary evolution are planned. A paper with Fekel and Joyce is underway on the complex pulsating AGB star, symbiotic binary CH Cyg. Hinkle and N. Smith (Berkley) are planning a paper on the spectral imaging of -scattered CO lines in the circumstellar shells of several massive evolved stars. Hinkle plans a publication with Wallace (NOAO) and Richter (U.C. Davis) on the circumstellar chemistry of ethylene. Hinkle will also continue his work with Joyce, Jaffe (Texas), and others on a proposal for a high-resolution, near-infrared spectrograph.

STEVE B. HOWELL, Associate Scientist

Research Interests Interacting binary stars; exoplanets; CCD instrumentation

FY08 Accomplishments Howell worked with his team of collaborators and students to use Keck IR and NOAO optical spectroscopy to map out the emission regions within a number of short period interacting binaries. Additionally, mass estimates were obtained for the low mass companion stars and at least two are in the realm of being large planets. Howell and graduate student M. Proctor used a large-area, 40-night photometric survey to examine over 55,000 light curves and identify three possible exoplanet

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systems. The prototype OTCCD imaging camera, QUOTA, was commissioned by project scientist Howell at the WIYN observatory.

FY09 Plans Howell is a science team member of the Kepler mission and looks forward to its March 2009 launch. Within a few months of launch, Kepler will have many tens of detections of potential exoplanets, and Howell will undertake observations to help in the follow-up program to eliminate false positives. Howell has started a long-term speckle imaging project at the WIYN observatory to aid in planet detection with Kepler. QUOTA will hopefully transition into a user instrument this coming year, and Howell will begin to transition to work on the One-Degree Imager (ODI) expected to be commissioned at WIYN in 2010. Howell will host an international meeting on interacting binaries to be held in March 2009 in Tucson.

GEORGE JACOBY, Astronomer¬

Research Interests Galaxy populations; extragalactic distance scale; planetary nebulae; Type Ia supernovae; CCD detectors; optics

FY08 Accomplishments Jacoby returned to the NOAO scientific staff in the last week of FY08, after serving as the WIYN Observatory director for eight years. In the FY08 period, he completed a catalog of the properties of 873 planetary nebulae in the Magellanic Clouds and assisted A. Acker (ULP) in developing a catalog of nearly 10,000 planetary nebulae in more distant galaxies. Jacoby is exploring the role of binarity as a mechanism to form planetary nebulae because single stars like the Sun should, in theory, not be able to produce these relatively common objects. A key indicator of binary evolution is the mass of the central star, which is generally too high for the parent stellar populations, at least in globular clusters. With O. De Marco (AMNH), Jacoby used HST to measure the luminosity (and hence, mass) of two central stars in globular clusters; the data is being reduced currently.

FY09 Plans Jacoby, as a member of the 30-member PLAN-B team (Planetary Nebula Binaries) representing 12 countries, will carry out observational and theoretical studies of the binary origin concept for planetary nebulae. This team is using a wide and diverse collection of facilities (e.g., HST, Chandra, VLT, WIYN, OGLE, Gemini, and GALEX) to observe aspects of the problem. In addition, Jacoby will continue his measurements of galaxy distances, targeting the famous Antennae Galaxies, for which a minor controversy has arisen—distances from Type Ia supernovae and SBF methods are twice as far as those from the TRGB method. Jacoby and collaborators Ciardullo (Penn State) and Feldmeier (Youngstown State) will use the CTIO Blanco 4-m to derive an independent distance using the PNLF technique. Jacoby also is continuing to work with the WIYN Observatory’s One-Degree Imager team to evaluate the camera optics and to optimize the unique orthogonal transfer CCD detectors.

BUELL T. JANNUZI, Astronomer (Director, Kitt Peak National Observatory)

Research Interests Observational cosmology; formation and evolution of large-scale structure; and absorption line systems; instrumentation for surveys

FY08 Accomplishments Jannuzi continued as Co-PI (with A. Dey) of the NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey (NDWFS), an 18- square-degree optical and near-IR imaging survey designed to study the formation and evolution of

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galaxies and large-scale structure in the Universe. Over 100 referred publications have so far made use of these data to study a variety of astrophysical problems. Jannuzi is a co-author of many of these papers, including 12 that appeared in print during FY08. Topics addressed included the role of mergers in galaxy evolution and the use of mid-infrared observations to study rare objects. Jannuzi co-authored two additional papers in FY08, addressing the SNe Ia rate out to redshift 1.5 and a measurement of the AGN X-ray luminosity function at high redshift.

FY09 Plans Jannuzi will continue to study the physical properties of Lyman-alpha absorption line systems using HST/STIS UV spectroscopy of intermediate redshift quasars. Collaborating with Bechtold, Morris, Crighton, and Carswell, he will compare measurements of the spatial distribution of gas in the IGM to the distribution of galaxies in order to study the physical relationship between these two populations of baryons in the Universe. He remains involved in analysis of the recently completed surveys AGES (AGN Galaxy Evolution Survey; PIs Kochaneck and Eisenstein) and the Spitzer Deep-Wide Field Survey (PI Stern). With Smith and Schmidt, Jannuzi will revisit his past studies of the polarization properties of BL Lac Objects, using new observations to investigate the variability of the polarization properties on 20-year time-scales and the resulting constraints on the physics of the “jets” producing the polarized emissions from these objects. Jannuzi is PI of a Spitzer program scheduled to begin observations in February 2009 to re-observe the NDWFS Boötes field with MIPS to enable improved study of the far-IR properties of luminous galaxies and AGN.

RICHARD R. JOYCE, Scientist

Research Interests Late-type stars; mass loss; infrared detector and instrumentation development

FY08 Accomplishments Joyce continued a long-term project with Hinkle (NOAO), Fekel (TSU), and Wood (ANU) to determine orbits of symbiotic stars by measurement of their radial velocities at infrared wavelengths, emphasizing the largely unstudied Southern Hemisphere sky. The results for two more S-type symbiotics were published, and those for several more are in preparation. Joyce also collaborated on a project using HST and Gemini/Hokupa’a to directly image the ejecta from the star V605 Aql, which underwent a final flash event in 1919; these results have been published. Narrowband imaging of CK Vul (Nova Cyg 1670), with the new high-resolution imager WHIRC, detected narrowband He I 10830 emission nebulosity, suggesting that this object, thought to be a slow nova, is another example of a rare final flash object.

FY09 Plans Joyce will continue the infrared radial velocity measurements of the Southern Hemisphere symbiotic stars and the abundance studies of stars. He will use the WHIRC on the WIYN telescope to image the ejecta from final flash stars in the diagnostic HeI 10830 line and is developing an experiment to test the ability of WHIRC to carry out coronagraphic imaging of circumstellar disks in star-forming regions.

TOM KINMAN, Astronomer Emeritus

Research Interests Galactic structure; ; stars; RR Lyrae stars

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FY08 Accomplishments Kinman acquired and partly reduced 215 frames of 19 RR Lyrae candidates using the 32-inch Tenagra telescope and (with NOAO colleagues) completed a study of CN Cam. Kinman continued his study of BHB stars at the NGP and participated in a study of Type II Cepheids and RR Lyrae stars by Feast (Capetown) and in a further analysis of the motions of nearby halo stars by Morrison (Case). Kinman, Morrison, and Brown showed that the Century Survey BHB stars belong to the halo and not the disk as recently claimed.

FY09 Plans Kinman hopes to continue his study of BHB stars in fields at the NGP and at l,b = (90,-45). Kinman hopes to continue the reduction of recent photometry of RR Lyrae stars in the Lick Survey fields and to start reducing the last Lick Survey field with a particular emphasis on long-period red variables; the survey comprises 50 plates taken over a four-year interval.

TOD R. LAUER, Associate Astronomer

Research Interests ; normal galaxies; nuclear black holes; stellar populations; cosmology; astronomical image processing; space-based dark energy investigations

FY08 Accomplishments Lauer continues to collaborate with the HST “Nuker” Team, which has the goal of investigating the central structure and black-hole demographics of normal galaxies. Lauer and Nuker Team collaborators have completed a paper comparing the stellar-dynamics measurement of the black hole mass in the galaxy NGC 4258 to the highly accurate determination. This validates stellar- dynamics black hole determinations. The Nuker team has measured several more black hole masses and is completing work to determine the cosmic scatter intrinsic to the Mbh-sigma and Mbh-L relationships. With P. Hopkins and his collaborators, Lauer has completed two papers comparing the central structure of early-type galaxies to that formed in simulated mergers. Lauer and collaborators are investigating the structure and composition of the blue cluster of stars surrounding the M31 black hole. Lauer (with NASA funding) has led the science and engineering teams that defined the Destiny concept for the NASA and DOE Joint Dark Energy Mission (JDEM). A significant activity was preparing the Destiny response to the NASA request for information on JDEM concepts. Lauer is now serving on the JDEM Science Coordination Group to define the final JDEM concept that will be developed. In terms of functional activities, Lauer continued to supervise the NOAO survey program.

FY09 Plans Lauer will continue to help define JDEM with the goal of defining a JDEM SN Ia dark-energy investigation in response to the likely call for JDEM investigations in 2009. He hopes to complete work on HST investigations to detect the M32 main sequence and to characterize the young population of stars surrounding the M31 black hole. Lastly he hopes to complete analysis of adaptive optics observations obtained at Keck to search for extremely massive black holes in brightest cluster galaxies.

TING-HUI LEE, Research Associate (NASA)±

JENNIFER LOTZ, Research Associate (Leo Goldberg Fellow)

Research Interests Galaxy evolution; galaxy mergers; extra-galactic globular clusters; dwarf galaxies

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FY08 Accomplishments J. Lotz completed the morphological analysis of ~60 N-body/hydrodynamical simulations of disk galaxy mergers, spanning a range of orbital parameters, mass ratios, gas fractions, and total masses. These results provide the first calibration of optical morphological tracers of mergers and will help place much stronger constraints on the observed rate. The first paper on these results, “Galaxy Merger Morphologies and Timescales from Simulations of Equal-Mass Gas-Rich Disc Mergers” by J. Lotz, P. Jonsson, T.J. Cox, and J. Primack, was accepted for publication in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. The key findings of this work are (1) quantitative morphological indicators of galaxy merger activity (asymmetry, Gini coefficient, M20) are sensitive only during the first pass and final merger stages; (2) the timescales for observing a galaxy merger depend on the method used to identify the merger; (3) the observability timescales can depend strongly on the gas fraction and initial pericentric distance; (4) enhanced star-formation peaks after and lasts longer than strong morphological disturbances; (5) despite their massive bulges, the morphologies of the merger remnants appear disk-like in blue light because of the presence of a low-mass star-forming disk (in the absence of AGN feedback). J. Lotz supervised Kitt Peak REU student M. Zagursky. She and M. Zagursky developed a new quantitative method to identify and measure tidal tails in interacting galaxies. M. Zagursky will present this work at the January 2009 AAS meeting. J. Lotz was also a co-author on six additional papers, and gave talks at the HIA, University College London, STScI, UC Santa Cruz, and Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, and to the WIYN Board and the AURA Oversight Committee. She served on the NOAO Time Allocation Committee’s Extragalactic Panel in March 2008. She was the PI of a successful observing run at WIYN/Sparsepak to measure the H-alpha velocity fields of local galaxy mergers.

FY09 Plans J. Lotz’s primary goal is to publish a series of papers on galaxy merger morphologies, timescales, and spectral energy distributions from her analysis of a large suite of N-body/hydrodynamical galaxy merger simulations. The next paper will use the simulations to calibrate cosmologically-averaged merger timescales and constrain observed major and minor galaxy merger rates in the Extended Groth Strip and other extragalactic survey fields. Following papers will address the correlation between morphology, SEDs, and kinematics during gas-rich mergers and the effects of merger-induced AGN feedback on the optical morphology of the merger remnant. She will also complete the analysis of the WIYN/Sparsepak observations of local merger velocity fields.

C. ROGER LYNDS, Astronomer Emeritus

LUCAS M. MACRI, Research Associate (Goldberg Fellow & NASA)±

Research Interests Extragalactic Distance Scale (Cepheids, Tully-Fisher relation); resolved stellar populations; variable stars; large-scale structure (redshift surveys, surveys)

FY08 Accomplishments Macri continued his work on the absolute calibration of the Cepheid Distance Scale as a member of the SHOES project, with the goal of measuring H0 to 5% or better, and as a member of another HST project to discover Cepheids in two spiral galaxies in the . In particular, he discovered Cepheids in six galaxies that hosted type Ia SNe using data from HST ACS obtained during its Cycle 15. He also discovered some candidate Cepheids in the HST ACS observations of the two spiral galaxies in Coma. He continued to study Cepheids in the new “first rung” of the Extragalactic Distance Scale, NGC 4258. These three projects were presented at the winter AAS meeting. Macri served as a member of the ReSTAR (Renewing Small Telescopes for Astronomical Research)

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committee, which has the goal of suggesting several options to NOAO for revitalizing instrumentation on small- and medium-aperture (under 6 m) telescopes. Macri resigned from NOAO and joined the Physics and Astronomy Department of Texas A&M University on 1 June 2008 as a tenure-track faculty member.

THOMAS MATHESON, Assistant Astronomer

Research Interests Supernovae; novae; gamma-ray bursts; cosmology

FY08 Accomplishments Matheson was a co-author on nine published papers and four IAU/CBET/GCN Circulars in FY08. Two of the papers used data from the ESSENCE project to assess the nature of Type Ia SNe at high redshift. Another paper derived from ESSENCE data looked at exploring the outer solar system. Two papers studied the light echoes of ancient SNe, including Cas A and ’s SN in our galaxy. One of these papers had the first identification of an ancient SN in the from the spectrum of the . Two papers looked at asphericity in SN explosions. Another paper used a GRB to study dust extinction in an intermediate redshift galaxy. Finally, a large of spectra of Type Ia supernovae (432 spectra) from the Center for Astrophysics supernovae archive was published. Several papers were submitted, including a reanalysis of an interacting SN (1994W), a study of UV flux from Type Ia SNe, and more work on asphericity in core-collapse SNe.

FY09 Plans Matheson will continue to work on low-redshift Type Ia SNe looking for spectroscopic correlations with intrinsic luminosity. A collaboration with CfA/ESO astronomers and Harvard statisticians will look at quantitative tools for comparative spectroscopy. Matheson is also working on a project with L. Dessart (Princeton) to determine a precise value of the Hubble constant using Type II supernovae. Matheson will continue his collaboration with M. Modjaz (Berkeley) on Type Ib/c supernovae, with an emphasis on the nebular phase.

K. MICHAEL MERRILL, Associate Scientist (Supervisor of Mountain Scientific Support, KPNO)

Research Interests Star formation and evolution; interstellar/circumstellar dust; IR detectors; data acquisition and reduction

FY08 Accomplishments Merrill remained active in the GRB Target-of-Opportunity (ToO) program at NOAO led by Levan, Fruchter, and Rhoads. As lead scientist for the production and characterization of Orion InSb arrays on behalf of the astronomical community, Merrill provided scientific oversight during the production and deployment of the NEWFIRM Monsoon array controller and was an active participant in the effort to deploy and support the NEWFIRM instrument at KPNO.

FY09 Plans Merrill will continue as part of the GRB ToO team and as co-PI for the REU program at NOAO. In an effort to further improve data quality from NEWFIRM and WHIRC, he will research acquisition and post-detection techniques for improving the global DC stability of array output and develop techniques for employing the reference pixels to correct for slowly varying (in time and space) DC levels within the individual outputs. Merrill will continue to stay abreast of developments in IR array technology in support of the detector program at NOAO.

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KENNETH J. MIGHELL, Associate Scientist (REU Site Director, KPNO) (NASA)

Research Interests Stellar populations in Local Group galaxies; precision stellar photometry and astrometry; parallel- processing astronomical image-analysis applications

FY08 Accomplishments Mighell, Glaccum (SSC/Caltech), and Hoffmann (U. of Arizona) used Mighell’s NASA-funded MATPHOT stellar photometry code to demonstrate that it is possible to significantly improve the precision of stellar photometry and astrometry obtained from individual BCD images made with Channel 1 (Ch1) of the Spitzer Space Telescope’s Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) instrument. This work was presented at the SPIE-Marseille Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2008: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter conference. Mighell has developed a fast parallel-processing program, called CRBLASTER, which does cosmic-ray rejection of CCD astronomical observations using van Dokkum’s L.A.Cosmic algorithm. Processing a single 800×800 Hubble Space Telescope WFPC2 image takes 1.9 seconds using four processes on an Apple Xserve with two dual-core 3.0-GHz Intel Xeons. CRBLASTER was described by Mighell in a talk at the SPIE-Marseille Advanced Software and Control for Astronomy II conference in June. Meshkat (UCLA/NOAO), Claver, and Mighell analyzed deep CTIO 4-m telescope CCD photometry of the Galactic IC 4651 with the goal of finding white dwarf candidates that will be used to determine the age, distance, and metallicity of the open cluster and to test stellar evolutionary theory. As Site Director for the KPNO Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) program, Mighell managed six bright undergraduate students in the summer: T. Arnold (Ohio State U.), T. Chonis (U. of Nebraska, Lincoln), M. Henderson (Clemson U.), T. Meshkat (U. of California, Los Angeles), A. Stewart (U. of Arkansas), and M. Zagursky (U. of Maryland). The five-year KPNO REU renewal proposal (AST 0754223) was submitted, approved, and fully funded by the NSF to support six KPNO REU students each summer from 2008 through 2012.

FY09 Plans Mighell will work with Glaccum, Hoffmann, and other members of the IRAC Instrument Team to improve stellar photometry and astrometry of Channels 1 and 2 of IRAC. This effort will not only enhance the science return of existing IRAC Ch1 and Ch2 observations in the Spitzer data archive, but also those that will be made during the upcoming Spitzer Warm Mission, which will start around April 2009 after all of the cryogen is depleted. Lauer (NOAO), Dressler, Freedman (CIW), Grillmair (JPL), Mighell, and Trager (Kapteryn Astronomical Institute) will write an article about the stellar populations of the M32 based on deep HST ACS observations. Mighell will enhance MATPHOT to analyze images obtained with the HST Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3), which will be installed during Servicing Mission 4 (SM4). Mighell will develop the software framework of CRBLASTER for easy development of embarrassingly parallel image-analysis programs. Mighell will write and submit the 2008 annual project report for the KPNO REU Site (AST 0754223) by the end of December. Preparations for the KPNO REU 2009 program are now well underway.

CHRISTOPHER J. MILLER, Assistant Astronomer

Research Interests Observational cosmology; large-scale structure; computational astrostatistics; galaxy clusters; galaxy formation and evolution; active galactic nuclei; science with large databases; virtual observatory; dark energy surveys; fossil groups

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FY08 Accomplishments Miller is PI of the NXS (NOAO-XCS) Survey program, which completed its original time allotment in 2008B. Collaborating with Finn et al., Miller conducted an analysis of the average star-formation properties of dynamically-relaxed clusters in the SDSS C4 Cluster Catalog (Finn et al. 2008, Miller et al. 2005). They compared the low redshift C4 sample to a high-z sample and found that cluster galaxies have an order of magnitude less star-formation at z = 0 compared to z = 0.75. This reduction is similar to what is seen in samples and independent of cluster mass. With Voevodkin et al. (2008), Miller studied three Fossil Group-like clusters. This study was based on Miller’s XMM PI data, public XMM data, and public SDSS data. Miller et al. also participated in a study of the velocity dispersions and richnesses for SDSS maxBCG galaxy clusters. Along with the XCS collaboration, Miller was a co-author on the dynamical analysis of the highest redshift known (z = 0.1457). As PI, Miller was approved for Gemini GMOS time (Band 1) to collect galaxy spectra within the Abell 1882 system. As PI, Miller was awarded a NASA Advanced Information Systems Research Program grant to provide astrostatistical and computational algorithms to the astronomical community. These funds are to be used for a computer science Ph.D. student at Carnegie Mellon University and a postdoctoral researcher at CTIO. Miller joined and has played an active role in the LSST Large Scale Structure science working group.

FY09 Plans As PI of the NOAO XCS Survey, Miller will continue to lead a team (~20) from the U.S., England, and Portugal. The NXS Survey’s reduced data will be released in January 2009. Miller will oversee the NXS thesis effort of N. Merhtens (Sussex). Miller will utilize the SDSS-C4 galaxy catalog to continue his research on the BCG population, which progressed in FY08 with the help of REU student E. Crow- Willard (Occidental). Miller will publish the DR5 (or DR6) SDSS C4 galaxy catalog, with ~2000 clusters from z = 0.03 to z = 0.2, in ~8000 square-degrees. He will use this catalog to measure the large-scale power spectrum for the SDSS-C4 clusters. Along with Co-PI P. Gomez (Gemini), Miller will publish an X-ray/optical analysis of Abell 1882. Along with S. Krughoff (Washington) and M. Bergmann, Miller will finish an analysis of the CaIII line in SDSS spectra and its ability to trace metallicity. Miller will continue his involvement with the Dark Energy Survey collaboration as part of the filter committee and as part of the Cluster Working Group, actively participate in the LSST Large Scale Structure working group, attempt to participate in a design study for WFMOS, and continue as project manager and scientist of the NOAO NVO Portal.

JOAN R. NAJITA, Associate Astronomer

Research Interests Star and planet formation; infrared spectroscopy

FY08 Accomplishments Najita and J. Carr (NRL) reported the detection of emission from organic molecules and water in the planet-formation region of a disk surrounding a young star. The suite of detected features (acetylene, cyanide, carbon dioxide, the hydroxyl radical, and water) provides new clues to the chemical evolution of disks. Observations of this kind may eventually provide insights into the origins of life in planetary systems. In a related study, carried out in collaboration with G. Doppmann (NOAO), Najita probed the properties of organic molecules observed in absorption toward the young star GV Tau. The absorption was found to arise in a surrounding disk and/or in infalling material (Doppmann et al. 2008). With Carr, Doppmann, and others, Najita also described how the hot compact excess detected interferometrically in MWC480 and previously attributed to hot water emission (Eisner 2007) likely has a different origin (Najita et al. 2008). Najita, Carr, and Crockett also described possible evidence for a truncated inner disk created by a forming giant planet in the disk surrounding the young star V836 Tau (Najita, Crockett, and Carr 2008).

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FY09 Plans Najita will continue to study the gas in the inner regions of planet-forming disks. Major ongoing efforts include: (1) Spitzer IRS spectroscopy of emission from organic molecules and water in disks surrounding young stars (with Carr and others); (2) NIR and MIR high resolution spectroscopy of organic molecules and water observed in emission or absorption toward young stars (with Doppmann and Carr); (3) theoretical studies of molecular abundances in disk atmospheres (with A. Glassgold and R. Meijerink at UC Berkeley); (4) Spitzer IRS spectroscopy of transitional disks; (5) Spitzer IRS spectroscopy of NeII emission as a tracer of the dissipation of gaseous disks; and (6) using stellar accretion rates and disk emission lines to explore the nature of transition disks (with S. Strom at NOAO and J. Muzerolle at Steward Observatory).

DARA J. NORMAN, Research Associate (NGSC Fellow)

Research Interests Quasars and their environments; gravitational lensing; large-scale structure; low-mass companions of MS stars; cool stars

FY08 Accomplishments Norman attended the AAS meeting in Austin, Texas, and presented a poster on a project started with R. De Propis to measure the real space correlation of quasars and luminous red galaxies (LRGs) in the 2dF-SDSS LRG and QSO (2SLAQ) survey. The completed paper has been submitted for publication. Norman is now part of a proposal (PI De Propris) submitted to the XMM observatory to look for AGN signatures in merging and close pairs of galaxies. Norman served as a member of the Chandra Review panel for cycle 10. She was asked to be part of the NOAO Engaging the Community Working Group. The goals of this group are to find ways for NOAO to engage the professional astronomical community in and inform them of the many services and telescope access provided by NOAO. Norman has volunteered to do and completed several tasks for this committee including a draft design of a four-day topical workshop on infrared observing. Norman continues to organize the Friday Lunch Astronomy Science Hour (FLASH) talks. She is also a member of the AAS Committee on the Status of Minorities in Astronomy (CSMA). Over the past year, she has been helping to solicit articles for the Spectrum Newsletter, and she is organizing the first luncheon hosted by the committee to address mentoring of minorities within the AAS community. Norman continues her duties as a postdoc with NGSC supporting the U.S. astronomy community in pursuit of Gemini data by doing technical reviews of proposals and assisting astronomers who receive telescope time with queue observation planning. She visited the Gemini-North telescope for the first time last June. She is also a member of the LSST galaxies collaboration.

FY09 Plans Norman will continue projects started with new collaborators. She is now collaborating with the IRAC Shallow Cluster Survey team (in particular M. Brodwin) to look at quasar cluster correlations in the NDWFS Boötes field. She has begun a project with L. Bai (Steward Obs.) to look for IR AGN candidates in X-ray clusters with merger signatures. This project will continue through the next year. Norman will present a poster at the AAS 2009 meeting on the Quasar Luminosity Function in the Boötes field that will hopefully be a submitted paper soon after.

KNUT A. OLSEN, Associate Astronomer

Research Interests Stellar populations and star formation histories of nearby galaxies; globular clusters; Magellanic Clouds

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FY08 Accomplishments Olsen focused on following up two results from FY07. First, Olsen and collaborator P. Massey discovered tidally stripped stars in the LMC and challenged the most recently derived internal kinematic model. In FY08, Olsen collected and reduced new spectra of thousands of additional stars in the LMC. The new data point to a consistent rotation curve for both young and old stellar populations, with a maximum rotation velocity of 80 km s-1. Second, in FY07, Olsen and collaborators used Gemini-North adaptive optics images to reveal a strong, recent burst of star formation associated with M31’s 10 kpc ring. Olsen was awarded additional time on Gemini-North to map the star formation history of the 10 kpc ring, in order to understand its origin. Olsen was coauthor on seven papers in FY08, including papers on the identification of ancient type Ia supernovae in the LMC from spectroscopy of their light echoes (Rest, lead), the discovery of light echoes from historical Galactic supernovae (Rest, lead), and a study of star formation in the dense LMC cluster (Wolff, lead).

FY09 Plans Olsen made progress on a paper detailing the first analysis of the Spitzer survey in FY08, and will finish it in FY09. Olsen and J. Bland-Hawthorn worked on the stellar populations science case for the proposed PILOT Antarctic telescope, which they will publish as a paper in FY09. Olsen will continue to participate actively in his other collaborations, specifically SuperMACHO, SAGE, the Outer Limits Survey, and ANGST.

SEAN D. POINTS, Assistant Scientist

Research Interests Interstellar medium (ISM); the Magellanic Clouds; evolved stars

FY08 Accomplishments Points continued his work calibrating the data obtained by the Magellanic Cloud Emission Line Survey (MCELS) with R. C. Smith (NOAO) and with student intern R Hinojosa. Points also worked on finalizing the data reductions and calibration of the MCELS data set for anticipated public release in FY09. Points worked on an investigation of diffuse X-ray emission from Supernova Remnants (SNRs) in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) with M. Klimek (Rutgers/CTIO).

FY09 Plans In FY09, Points will publish the results of his investigations of the newly discovered SNRs in the LMC. Points also will work with K. Olsen and R. Blum (NOAO) on the analysis of Spitzer Space Telescope data to investigate the evolved mass-losing stellar population in LMC to examine the effects of age and metallicity on mass loss.

STEPHEN POMPEA, Scientist (Manager, Science Education)

Research Interests Inquiry- and research-based science education; informal education program design, astronomical instrumentation

FY08 Accomplishments Pompea continued his program design and management work with the formal and informal science education communities as well as his technical work on stray light in optical systems, optical properties of surfaces for instrumentation, and astronomical optical systems analysis and optimization. In science education, Pompea oversaw, but in a lesser role as he is no longer PI, the NOAO core education program (led by K. Garmany) Astronomy Research Based Science Education (ARBSE). Pompea continued to lead the Spitzer Space Telescope Teacher and Student Observing Program (a

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spinoff of RBSE), which has now fostered thirteen research proposals receiving observing time on Spitzer. The NSF-funded Hands-On Optics project (Informal Science, with SPIE and OSA) with Pompea as Co-PI and Project Director was completed, and institutionalization of the program began as described in the proposal. A major project with Pompea as PI was funded this year by Science Foundation Arizona and brings the Hands-On Optics project to rural Boys & Girls Clubs in Arizona. Pompea was also active in the NSF-funded programs: Collaboration to Advance Teaching Technology and Science (Graduate Teaching Fellows in K-12 Education) as Co-PI, Astronomy From the Ground Up (ISE) as Co-PI, Investigating Astronomy (Instructional Materials) as Co-PI, and GLOBE at Night (as PI). The latter two projects are nearly finished. Pompea worked on GSMT education and outreach efforts as well. He also served on the COMPADRE and Sharing the Universe national board of advisors. Pompea leads the U.S. International Year of Astronomy Working Group on telescope kits, designing a low-cost, educational telescope kit (The Galileoscope) for wide national and international distribution. Pompea participated in a successful proposal to fund the U.S. International Year of Astronomy submitted to NSF by the AAS and will serve as Project Director. Pompea revised his chapter in the Handbook of Optics on spectrally selective surfaces for the next major edition, due out in 2009.

FY09 Plans Pompea will continue his work on these ongoing projects in FY09. Astronomy From the Ground Up will deliver its last face-to-face professional development workshop in San Francisco in November 2009, towards its goal of training 300 science center educators, and Hands-On Optics Arizona is active in 10 sites across Arizona. The ARBSE project is looking for new models to cost-effectively promote observing and research opportunities for teachers and students nationwide, and additional observing time with the Spitzer Space Telescope will be given to our RBSE teachers in our collaboration with the Spitzer Science Center. The GK-12 project will end in FY09 and Investigating Astronomy will have finished the high school astronomy textbook. Pompea will continue research on developing high- contrast/low-stray-light imaging and spectroscopic systems and in aiding NOAO and its partners on optimizing new and existing telescopes for better stray-light performance.

ALEXANDRA POPE, Research Associate (Spitzer Fellow)¬

Research Interests Galaxy formation and evolution; submillimeter and infrared galaxies; star formation rates; active galactic nuclei; spectral energy distributions

FY08 Accomplishments Pope is involved in several large surveys including the Spitzer Great Observatories Origin Deep Survey (GOODS, PI Dickinson), the SCUBA Half Degree Extragalactic Survey (SHADES, PI Dunlop), and the Spitzer Far-IR Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (FIDEL, PI Dickinson). Pope published a paper on mid-IR spectroscopy of high-redshift, submillimeter-selected galaxies showing that these galaxies are forming stars at extreme rates and that their black holes have not grown strong enough to dominate the bolometric luminosity. She recently wrote a paper to study the spectral energy distribution of Spitzer-selected ULIRGs using stacking analyses (ApJ in press). She and her collaborators found that these galaxies had similar dust properties to submillimeter galaxies although they are an order of magnitude less luminous in the infrared. This past year, Pope contributed to several papers studying infrared bright galaxies in the deep GOODS survey and the wide SHADES submillimeter survey. Pope gave 10 colloquium and conference talks this past year and one public talk. Pope supervised University of Arizona student J. Gabor who worked on reducing Spitzer IRS data of distant galaxies.

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FY09 Plans Pope will continue work on massive star forming galaxies to better understand how various galaxy populations are related to each other and how they all fit into our picture of galaxy evolution. She is involved in several future surveys that will play key roles in achieving this goal: the Herschel GOODS Key program (PI Elbaz), the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey, and the SCUBA-2 All Sky Legacy Survey. Specifically, she wants to obtain a complete census of IR-luminous galaxies at redshift 2 and characterize the distribution of infrared spectral energy distributions and dust properties in galaxies that are dominating the star formation rate density. Pope is leading an effort to produce a database of all Spitzer mid-IR spectroscopy observations taken of high redshift galaxies. This is a large data reduction effort that will produce a dataset useful for many scientific investigations. With more than 100 objects, she will study the evolution of AGN fraction and PAH luminosity as a function of redshift and galaxy type. Pope plans to compare the star formation indicators in the mid-IR to those at other wavelengths such as the molecular gas content as traced by CO. Pope and collaborators were recently awarded 60 hours of Spitzer time to explore a subset of submillimeter-selected galaxies that appear to be rapidly growing their AGN. She will lead the reduction of these data and, along with her collaborators, actively propose for follow-up observations of this galaxy sample to put constraints in their gas content and black hole size. Pope is supervising first year University of Arizona Ph.D. student K. Penner who is working on combining two independent extragalactic millimeter surveys to produce the deepest, most robust selected at these wavelengths and to perform stacking analysis to determine the galaxies dominating the millimeter extragalactic background light.

RON PROBST, Scientist

Research Interests Infrared instrumentation for large telescopes; star formation

FY08 Accomplishments Probst led the NEWFIRM project through final commissioning into scheduled general user science observations on the Mayall 4-m telescope. He was a co-investigator on various NEWFIRM proposals with time awards. He continued to work with other project teams in the NEWFIRM program, principally the reduction pipeline project team, to improve instrument performance and deliver high- quality reduced data to science users. As a member of NOAO’s internal System Development Working Group, Probst contributed to instrumentation aspects of growing the U.S. system of observational capabilities, with a particular interest in infrared instrumentation on mid-size apertures (3–6 m).

FY09 Plans Probst will continue to pursue investigation of the energy transfer between stars and the ISM in star forming regions, via emission line imaging with Mosaic and NEWFIRM. He will be involved in the scientific and technical definition and oversight of new 4-m instrumentation provided through ReSTAR program funding. He will also begin the groundwork for the transfer of the NEWFIRM camera to the Blanco 4-m telescope, scheduled for early 2010.

JAYADEV RAJAGOPAL, Research Associate

Research Interests Circumstellar dust, debris disks; high angular resolution techniques in optical/infrared; atmospheric turbulence

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FY08 Accomplishments Rajagopal published a high angular resolution infrared study of dust around evolved, massive stars using the Keck and the VLTI. This work probes ongoing dust formation at milliarcsecond scales and examines models for this phenomenon in these relatively uncommon objects. With A. Tokovinin, Rajagopal was involved in a project to implement a lunar scintillometer to study Ground Layer (GL) seeing. The instrument has been successfully tested at Chilean sites; the seeing profile restoration, especially useful for adaptive optics applications and Antarctic site characterization, has given encouraging results. Rajagopal worked on developing a simple cost-scaling model for large IR interferometric arrays that will help long-term planning for future projects in this area.

FY09 Plans Rajagopal plans to continue his research theme of studying hot, circumstellar dust at high resolutions. He has a program on colliding-wind Wolf-Rayet binary systems using long-baseline interferometry to study dust formation models. In collaboration with S. Ridgway and K. Hinkle (NOAO), he will pursue a high spectral and spatial resolution study of circumbinary dust disks around post-AGB stars, using the IR Echelle, Phoenix on Gemini, and the CHARA interferometer at Mt. Wilson. He also plans to continue the lunar scintillometer program and complete the instrument characterization.

NAVEEN A. REDDY, Research Associate (Hubble Fellow)

Research Interests Galaxy formation and evolution; multiwavelength star formation indicators; stellar populations; evolution of the intergalactic medium at high redshift; feedback processes in starburst galaxies

FY08 Accomplishments Reddy was awarded a Hubble Fellowship (funded by NASA) to pursue his interests in several projects aimed at understanding the history of star formation and buildup of in the Universe as quantified through large samples of high-redshift galaxies. Reddy, along with collaborator C. Steidel (Caltech), used extensive spectroscopy from Keck and ground-based optical imaging to constrain the prevalence of UV-faint galaxies at redshifts when galaxies were forming most of their stars. This work demonstrated that the number density of galaxies fainter than the typical galaxy at z ~ 2 is significantly larger than inferred previously, suggesting that such faint galaxies dominate the total star formation rate density at these redshifts. The results were published in the Astrophysical Journal. Concurrent with this work, Reddy was responsible for the reduction and analysis of Spitzer IRAC and MIPS data in fields with extensive Keck spectroscopy to examine the stellar populations, stellar mass function, and extinction properties of galaxies at z ~ 2–3. Reddy has cross-correlated a ground-based H-alpha spectroscopic sample, the largest sample of its kind at these redshifts, with deep Spitzer MIPS data to accurately calibrate the use of rest-frame 8 micron emission as a tracer of star formation in moderately luminous galaxies at z ~ 2.

FY09 Plans Reddy will continue to incorporate Spitzer data from fields with spectroscopic information, focusing on redshifts z ~ 2–3. He will be undertaking an analysis of the stellar mass functions at z ~ 2 and z ~ 3, constrained by spectroscopy, to examine the buildup of stellar mass over these epochs and compare the shapes of the stellar mass functions at high z with those found locally in order to quantify the effects of galaxy feedback. A subset of the data are in fields that contain well-quantified redshift over-densities: one goal will be to analyze the star formation rates of galaxies as a function of large-scale environment at z ~ 2 and connect the trends with those found locally and at z ~ 1. Reddy is collaborating with A. Dey and University of Arizona graduate student M. Prescott in a survey of Lyman-alpha emitters at low redshift (z ~ 1.9) to quantify their luminosity function, clustering, stellar populations, and connection to continuum-selected galaxies at the same redshifts. Reddy plans to collaborate with

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Dickinson, Spinrad, and Stern to analyze a large sample of high-redshift (z > 4) dropout-selected galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts, in order to understand their relation to lower redshift populations and quantify the trend between dust properties of galaxies and redshift.

ARMIN REST, Research Associate (Leo Goldberg Fellow)±

Research Interests Dark energy; dark matter; cosmology

FY08 Accomplishments Rest and collaborators published the first spectrum of an ancient SNe using light echoes (ApJ), and they announced the discovery of light echoes of the Galactic SNe associated with the supernova remnants Cas A and Tycho (ApJL). Rest continued to lead the SuperMACHO project, a next- generation microlensing survey towards the LMC, and presented the first results in March 2008 at the Manchester Microlensing Conference. He also co-authored a paper led by R.A. Shaw (NOAO) about the unusual variability of the Planetary Nebula RPJ 053059-683542 (ApJL). With the ESSENCE collaboration, an SN survey with the goal to determine the dark energy equation of state, he co- authored six ApJ papers in 2008, which covered topics such as constraining the nature of dark energy, constraining the cosmic evolution of type Ia SNe, and probing the outer limits of our Solar system.

STEPHEN T. RIDGWAY, Astronomer

Research Interests Stellar physics and exoplanetary systems; high contrast imaging; high angular resolution techniques; application of infrared methods to astronomy

FY08 Accomplishments Ridgway continued his near full-time work at NASA headquarters, under the Intergovernment Personnel Act agreement, in the role of Program Scientist, Program Executive and Discipline Scientist, until March. He served as PI of a JPL grant for the study of stellar science that can be accomplished with a combination of precision astrometry and long-baseline interferometry. Ridgway continued to collaborate with colleagues at NOAO, CHARA, and Meudon on scientific programs in optical interferometry. In August, he began an observational program to image the surfaces of Mira stars.

FY09 Plans Ridgway will continue to participate in collaborative R&D and scientific programs in the area of optical interferometry, including the FIRST instrument (an advanced, spatially-filtered aperture- masking imager) and experimental applications of novel imaging techniques at CHARA.

SUSAN E. RIDGWAY, Assistant Astronomer

Research Interests High redshift AGN and their host galaxies; populations of obscured AGNs; the formation and evolution of galaxies and the SMBH population

FY08 Accomplishments Ridgway, with collaborators, successfully obtained spectra and many redshifts for several hundred quasar 2 candidates (selected from mid-infrared colors) at a range of 24-micron luminosities using a combination of CTIO Hydra, the Goodman Spectrograph at SOAR, Hectospec at the MMT, and GMOS at Gemini-South Ridgway, along with postdoc C. Harrison, continued work on the clustering

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properties of a sample of z ~ 1 radio-loud luminous AGN (quasars and radio galaxies). Ridgway, along with REU student M. Campos, analyzed a sample of low radio luminosity quasars and radio galaxies at z ~ 1 to determine host galaxy properties and look for evidence of the radio-rest-frame UV alignment effect, which is important for understanding radio mode feedback to galaxy formation.

FY09 Plans Ridgway will continue to study the evolutionary histories of radio-quiet and radio-loud AGN populations over a range of nuclear luminosities and how they compare to those of other known high- redshift galaxy populations. Pinning down the luminosity function of the obscured quasar population will require extensive modeling in addition to more telescope time to determine more redshifts. Ridgway also wants to extend quasar host galaxy studies to the high-redshift obscured quasars with both ground-based AO imaging and HST imaging, if possible.

GREGORY RUDNICK, Research Associate (Leo Goldberg Fellow)±

Research Interests Observational studies of galaxy evolution and formation; effects of environment on galaxy evolution; formation of massive galaxies

FY08 Accomplishments Rudnick started a program to measure the dependence of star formation and its truncation on environment in the infall regions of intermediate redshift clusters. Rudnick led a successful MIPS proposal to measure star formation rates for galaxies in the vicinity of the clusters. Working with Zaritsky (Steward Observatory), Rudnick also started a large spectroscopic program with Magellan to target these clusters and enable accurate measurements of environment. Rudnick and Papovich are working on a spectroscopic campaign to characterize massive star-forming galaxies at high redshift. The spectroscopy is being done in the optical with Magellan and Keck (PI Papovich) and on Subaru with MOIRCS (PI Rudnick). Rudnick was involved with the NEWFIRM Medium-Band Survey program on Kitt Peak. This project will determine accurate redshifts for about 10,000 galaxies at redshifts between 1.5 and 3.

ABHIJIT SAHA, Astronomer (Head of Program, LSST)

Research Interests Variable stars; stellar populations in nearby galaxies; distance scale; absolute calibration of Type Ia supernovae as distance indicators; galactic structure; assembly and star formation history in nearby galaxies

FY08 Accomplishments Saha (PI) and collaborators (drawn from multiple institutions) have proceeded with the NOAO “Outer Limits Survey,” a study of the stellar populations in the outer extremities of the LMC/SMC complex using the Blanco 4-m and the CTIO 0.9-m telescopes. Observations progressed as planned. Data reduction procedures were automated as suitable. The calibrated photometry has systematic accuracy better than 0.02 mag. The survey is sensitive enough to detect stars associated with the L/SMC out to their nominal tidal radii, as well as to far out along the leading and trailing arms of the Magellanic streams: an early result is that the LMC disk continues out to over 12 scale-lengths. Saha participated in the investigation of stellar populations and Cepheids in the extremely metal-poor galaxy IZw18. In another collaboration (PI Pritzl), data from Gemini-North was used for the discovery of RR Lyrae stars in M33. The frequency of occurrence of RR Lyraes in the disk and/or halo of M33 holds important clues to the formation of this galaxy, which appears to have had no major mergers in its lifetime: analysis of the RR Lyrae distribution is in progress. Work progressed on the identification of RR

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Lyrae star distribution in the dwarf galaxy Leo A, using data from the ACS on HST. Saha led work on the retroactive precision photometry calibration of ACS data, with a paper in preparation. Saha served as a member of the Science Oversight Committee for the new camera WFC3 to go on the HST in the upcoming servicing mission.

FY09 Plans The majority of Saha’s research effort will go into the NOAO Outer Limits Survey, which will trace the extended structure of the LMC and SMC and its gas streams. With the installation of WFC3 on HST, Saha will participate in the photometric calibration of the instrument. This activity will pave the way for new capabilities, such as the ability to improve the extragalactic distance scale, and to identify ultra low metallicity (near primeval) stars in nearby galaxies. Completion of the other ongoing projects (described in the FY08 Accomplishments) will take up the remaining research efforts.

SAMIR SALIM, Research Associate (NASA)

Research Interests Galaxy evolution at low to intermediate redshifts; multiwavelength star formation indicators

FY08 Accomplishments Salim, in collaboration with Mark Dickinson and other members of AEGIS and FIDEL surveys, completed a study of star formation in active blue and more quiescent; red galaxies at redshifts up to 1.4. UV/optical SFRs were derived using Bayesian SED fitting and compared to IR luminosities from 24-μm fluxes from FIDEL survey (PI Dickinson). Two results stand out. In blue galaxies, IR luminosity follows more closely the star formation averaged over longer timescales, not the current one. This argues for a larger role of dust heating from older populations. Similarly, in red galaxies, it was found that IR is consistent with older populations and moderate dust extinction, while other mechanisms such as AGN heating are not favored.

FY09 Plans Salim will extend the current analysis of IR emission at z ~ 1, but include longer wavelength, 70-μm data. This will most likely involve stacking analysis. The goal is to get an assessment of IR SEDs of different types of galaxies identified in the study above. In addition to this, Salim plans to study star formation in local (z < 0.1) early type galaxies from new UV HST images, and further develop SED fitting codes and libraries of models.

NALIN SAMARASINHA, Associate Scientist (NASA)

Research Interests Comets; asteroids; trans-Neptunian objects

FY08 Accomplishments Samarasinha is funded 50% through NOAO with a NASA grant for which he is the PI (remainder of his funding is through a different research institute). Through the NASA grant, he continued his investigations on the spin evolution of asteroids. A paper on this work has been accepted for publication in the journal Meteoritics and Planetary Science.

FY09 Plans Samarasinha will submit another paper on the spin evolution of sub-kilometer-sized asteroids and the implications for their interior structures based on the effects of YORP thermal torques under the above mentioned NASA grant.

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SIMON SCHULER, Research Associate (Leo Goldberg Fellow)

Research Interests High-resolution spectroscopy; stellar physics; stellar abundances; Galactic chemical evolution

FY08 Accomplishments Schuler continued to lead a group of researchers, including V. Smith, K. Cunha (NOAO), and T.C. Beers (Michigan State U.), investigating 19F abundances of carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars. High-resolution spectra of additional CEMP stars that have been obtained with the Gemini-South telescope are currently scheduled on the Very Large Telescope. Results related to this project were published in the Astrophysical Journal Letters and presented at the Nuclei in the Cosmos 10 conference in July 2008. Schuler and collaborators extended this research to include an investigation into the accuracy of C abundances derived for CEMP stars by a novel analysis of the λ8727 [C I] forbidden line; it was found that existing C abundances for the most Fe-poor CEMP stars may be overestimated. A paper describing this work has been accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal. Schuler mentored undergraduate student A. Plunkett (Middlebury College) as part of the 2008 CTIO REU program and continues to guide her in writing a manuscript based on her research for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and in making preparations to present a poster at the AAS meeting in January 2009.

FY09 Plans Schuler will continue analyzing the large amount of data obtained during FY07 and FY08. He will continue his work with a long-term observing program, studying possible correlations between Li line strength and activity variations, with hopes of coauthoring the first publication to result from this project. Work with the CEMP star collaboration will also continue, with a focus on completing the analysis of 19F in CEMP stars and obtaining more data for the λ8727 [C I] study. He will continue work on the abundances of open cluster dwarfs, including the project in collaboration with undergraduate student A. Plunkett, and on the abundances of exoplanetary host stars. Schuler plans on attending the Ages of Stars conference (October 2008), AAS meeting (January 2009), and IAU General Assembly (August 2009) to present research results.

RICHARD A. SHAW, Scientist

Research Interests Late stages of stellar evolution; planetary nebulae; Magellanic Clouds; astrophysical plasmas; astronomical software and data standards

FY08 Accomplishments Shaw is engaged in a study of the physical and chemical properties of Magellanic Cloud planetary nebulae (PNe) and their central stars. With T.-H. Lee and L. Stanghellini (NOAO), Shaw has derived the most accurate gas-phase abundances to date of a sample of SMC PNe using a combination of high- dispersion optical and space-based IR spectra. With Stanghellini, P. Garcia-Lario (ESA), et al., Shaw participated in a study of dust properties in Magellanic Cloud PNe using Spitzer IRS spectra. The dust chemistry tracks the gas-phase chemistry closely; there is, in addition, evidence of a change in dust properties as both the central star and the nebula evolve. An analysis of new C abundances in SMC PNe, with Stanghellini and Lee, resulted in the most detailed comparison to predicted chemical yields of AGB stellar evolution in a very metal poor environment. Shaw and collaborators A. Rest and G. Damke have continued a study of variability of LMC PNe and their central stars. The fraction of Galactic PNe with variable central stars (which is often a strong indicator of binarity) is unknown, and the LMC offers both a large and complete sample to address this question. Variability was easily detected in many PNe, yielding a sample for further study that is comparable in size to that in the

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Galaxy. Shaw also participated on a small IAU FITS Working Group technical panel to revise and update the FITS Standard to v3.0, which was recently published.

FY09 Plans Shaw and collaborators T. Hillwig (Valparaiso U.) and A. Rest (Harvard U.) will continue their study of variability of planetary nebulae and their central stars with follow-up, confirmatory CCD photometry to determine accurate periods. Shaw will study the IR photometric properties of Magellanic Cloud PNe using deep, public surveys to understand the prevalence of dust and to identify possible companion stars through IR excess. Shaw, with PI L. Stanghellini and others, will begin an extensive imaging and spectroscopic survey of angularly small Galactic PNe using new HST images and Spitzer IRS spectra in an effort to understand the earliest phase of PN evolution and, in particular, the evolution of dust properties. In collaboration with L. Stanghellini and T.-H. Lee, Shaw will also complete a detailed abundance analysis of LMC PNe, which will greatly improve the accuracy of the extant chemical analyses of these objects.

WILLIAM SHERRY, Research Associate

DAVID SILVA, Senior Scientist (Director, NOAO, from 7 July 2008)

Research Interests Formation and evolution of early-type galaxies; extragalactic stellar populations; observatory operations; end-to-end data management systems

FY08 Accomplishments With H. Kuntschner (ESO/ST-ECF) and M. Lyubenova (Ludwigs-Maximilian-Universität, Munich, Germany), Silva described a new technique in the Astrophysical Journal for detecting young, evolved stellar populations and characterizing various integrated stellar population properties in early-type galaxies using near-IR spectral features measured from long-slit spectra obtained from the ESO Very Large Telescope (VLT). This technique should prove useful for characterizing the stellar populations of more distant early-type galaxies with JWST and large-aperture ground-based telescopes using laser guide star adaptive optics (AO). Using natural guide star AO-assisted integral field spectroscopy also obtained at the VLT, Lyubenova, Kunstchner, and Silva achieved spatial resolutions comparable to HST and demonstrated that the central dynamics of NGC 1399 is more complex than previously thought. Those results appeared in Astronomy & Astrophysics.

FY09 Plans Silva, as part of a team led by E. Marmol Queralt (Madrid U.), will extend the Fornax study published in 2008 to a sample of field galaxies. This comparison sample provides another window into the physics of early-type galaxy evolution in low and high density environments. A comparison of the predicted and observed integrated near-IR spectral features of LMC globulars will be completed with Lyubenova and Kuntschner. This observational work provides an important test of theoretical stellar population models currently being used to interpret observations of high redshift galaxies. Silva is also part of a team led by P. Massey (Lowell Obs.) comparing the observed and predicted photometric properties of super-metal-rich red super giants in M31. Again, this study provides important observational constraints on stellar atmosphere models of cool, evolved stars.

MALCOLM G. SMITH, Astronomer (Director of the AURA Observatory in Chile)

Research Interests The early Universe; quasars/active galactic nuclei; global environmental impact of light pollution

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FY08 Accomplishments Smith has published three collaborative papers this year. Two of them (with collaborators in Argentina and England) are concerned with the study of (rare) physical triplets of quasars as distant “lighthouses”—indicators of large-scale structure in the extragalactic universe. A third is a continuation of his collaboration with the ChaMP group on several programs. This latter paper investigates the luminosity function of super-massive black holes at high redshift using X-ray-selected Active Galactic Nuclei. Work continues on the selection of red (high-redshift and/or obscured) AGN. Data from near-IR spectra, obtained at Gemini (during bad-weather conditions), of the brighter candidate objects selected from an earlier imaging phase of that program (at the Blanco 4-m telescope) are being reduced in co-operation with an REU student.

FY09 Plans Smith plans to continue moving his research from imaging into a spectroscopic phase. Some of the remaining imaging work will be completed this year. During FY09, Smith plans to complete his third and final term on the Board of the International Dark Sky Association and his three-year term as President of Division XII of the IAU. This latter activity is expected to be particularly time consuming in the time prior to, and during, the International Year of Astronomy. It is hoped that some of this work may help secure additional protection for several key professional astronomy sites around the world. Smith plans to retire from his full-time (paid) position with NOAO at the end of FY09.

R. CHRIS SMITH, Associate Astronomer (Head of Program, DPP)

Research Interests Supernovae; optical transients; supernova remnants; the interstellar medium

FY08 Accomplishments During FY08, Smith participated in the planning, observation, and some of the analysis of echoes of Galactic supernovae discovered by a large-scale observational project targeted at young Galactic supernova remnants (Rest et al., 2008, ApJL). Smith also continued participation in a new NOAO survey led by A. Saha, the Outer Limits Survey (OLS), to investigate the stellar populations at the extremities of the Magellanic Clouds. Smith has also made limited progress toward the release of the Magellanic Cloud Emission Line Survey (MCELS) data set for use by the astronomical community, studying the global calibration issues in order to create a uniform data set across the approximately 80 square degrees covered by the survey.

FY09 Plans Smith will continue participation in various NOAO survey projects, wrapping up SuperMACHO and ESSENCE analysis and advancing OLS. He also plans to push forward in mining the Magellanic Cloud Emission Line Survey (MCELS) data set, extracting new samples of supernova remnants and planetary nebulae, and investigating the evolution of these objects. He will continue to actively participate in the search for light echoes from ancient supernovae, in particular in our own Galaxy. Beginning in November, Smith will assume the directorship of the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory for a five-year period.

VERNE V. SMITH, Astronomer (Director, NOAO Gemini Science Center)

Research Interests High-resolution spectroscopy; cosmochemistry; nuclear astrophysics; chemical evolution; stellar populations; stellar atmospheres; stellar evolution

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FY08 Accomplishments Smith’s primary scientific efforts in FY08 were working on projects that involved chemical evolution in various stellar or galactic populations. One such project was conducting the first study of alpha- elemental abundances in a sample of stars in the very center of the Milky Way, some within 2 pc of the central massive black hole, using high-resolution infrared spectra. Another project was continuing chemical abundance studies in samples of Galactic bulge red giants using spectra from Phoenix on Gemini-South. A third project was probing abundance distributions and using these to “chemically tag,” for the first time, stellar streams in the Galactic halo. The chemical abundance distributions are used to demonstrate that these tidally captured populations are from the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy.

FY09 Plans Smith’s goals in FY09 are to continue to pursue an active research program in cosmochemistry, as described above. Some of these programs will focus on very detailed analyses of the stellar chemistry of planet-hosting solar-type stars, as well as studying chemical evolution in stellar populations of the Galactic bulge and center.

DAVID SPRAYBERRY, Senior Scientist (Head of Program, System Instrumentation)

Research Interests Instrumentation and observing techniques; galaxy formation and evolution; early universe

FY08 Accomplishments With the start of FY08, Sprayberry’s job title changed from Associate Director to Head of Program, and the name of the program he leads changed from Major Instrumentation to System Instrumentation. Sprayberry led the System Instrumentation Program in negotiations and developments aimed at implementing some of the ReSTAR Committee’s recommendations for renewing the system of moderate-sized (2–4 meters) ground-based telescopes. Sprayberry also led the group through the beginning of scheduled science operations with the NOAO Extremely Wide-Field Infrared Imager (NEWFIRM) at the Mayall 4-m telescope on Kitt Peak. Other group accomplishments included the beginning of integration and testing of the main module for the SOAR Adaptive Optics Module (SAM), and the design development of the miniaturized MONSOON system (TORRENT) to be used for replacement of aging CCD controllers at CTIO and KPNO. Finally, Sprayberry continued to act as AURA Technical Representative in AURA’s funding of technology risk reduction for the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) as an Alternative GSMT Technology program.

FY09 Plans Sprayberry plans to complete the laboratory integration and testing of the SAM main module and a prototype of the TORRENT miniaturized CCD controller. He plans to begin at least one design study for a new 4-m instrument as part of the ReSTAR implementation and to continue service as AURA’s Technical Representative to the GMT project under the Alternative GSMT Technology program.

LETIZIA STANGHELLINI, Associate Astronomer (Manager, Time Allocation Process)

Research Interests and evolution; Galactic and extragalactic planetary nebulae (PNe); stellar populations

FY08 Accomplishments Stanghellini, with Shaw (NOAO) and Villaver (STScI), completed the analysis of the Galactic PN distance scale calibrated on the Magellanic Clouds; a paper with extremely reliable distances for hundreds of Galactic PNe is in press. Stanghellini, Magrini (Arcetri), and Villaver completed the observations and abundance analysis of ~100 spectra of M33 PNe and found a flat metallicity gradient,

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not dissimilar from what was previously found with M33 HII regions. This result clearly indicates that the metallicity gradient in M33 has been fairly constant in time. In collaboration with Shaw, Lee, and others, Stanghellini completed the analysis of a set of Magellanic Cloud PN abundances, including carbon abundances from ACS/HST data, to constrain the stellar evolutionary yields. Stanghellini, with Manchado (IAC) and Gonzalez-Garcia (UAM), completed a set of dry merging models to study the intra-cluster stellar populations in the case of elliptical galaxies with dark halos.

FY09 Plans Stanghellini plans to pursue the study of the metallicity gradient in the Galaxy by acquiring a large number (~200) of IRS/Spitzer spectra (Cycle 5) of compact Galactic PNe. Data acquisition and analysis is under way. IR spectra will provide a better grasp on the nebular abundances, and afford a better understanding of the PN dust composition. Stanghellini (with Shaw and Villaver) also plans to study narrowband and broadband WFC3/HST (Cycle 17) images of compact Galactic PNe and explore the relations between morphological types and dust, to frame the role of dust in PN ejection and evolution. Stanghellini, with Magrini and Villaver, plans to extend the metallicity gradient studies to nearby spiral galaxies beyond M33. Observations of PNe and HII regions in the spiral galaxy M81 are planned for the 2008B semester with Hectospec/MMT.

STEPHEN STROM, Astronomer Emeritus

ANDREI TOKOVININ, Associate Astronomer

Research Interests Statistics and formation of binary and multiple stars; adaptive optics; site testing

FY08 Accomplishments Tokovinin has studied the statistics of multiple stars and reached the conclusion that, contrary to the current belief, N-body dynamics are not dominating their formation. The frequency and properties of multiple systems are likely determined by cascade fragmentation and accretion during early stages of collapse. The project on searching for planets around Alpha Cen has been started at CTIO in collaboration with SFSU (D. Fisher), using the revived echelle spectrometer. The method of ground- layer turbulence measurement from lunar scintillation implemented at CTIO in 2007–2008 has passed first field tests and has been adopted by several ELT site-testing groups.

FY09 Plans Tokovinin will continue observations of multiple stars by spectroscopy and speckle-interferometry with the aim to establish their unbiased statistics. He will be heavily involved in the integration and commissioning of the SOAR Adaptive Module and in optical turbulence characterization.

FRANCISCO VALDES, Scientist

Research Interests Cosmology; gravitational lensing; stellar spectroscopy; astronomical software

FY08 Accomplishments Valdes is allocated 20% science activity time and 80% software development and support time. Science-related accomplishments consist of participating in a survey project to measure the cosmic acceleration using a combination of photometric redshifts and the Sunyaev-Zel’ovich effect of the galaxy cluster population (PI Joseph Mohr). The optical photometric redshifts are being determined from Mosaic camera imaging on the NOAO/CTIO 4-m telescope. Valdes continued leading a team

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developing science pipelines for the NOAO Mosaic Imagers and the NOAO Extremely Wide-Field IR Imager (NEWFIRM). The Mosaic pipeline became available in FY06 and the NEWFIRM Quick Reduce Pipeline was released in FY07. Both pipelines were in routine operation in FY08.

FY09 Plans Valdes will spend science time on two survey projects (currently being proposed) to identify and study the red giants in the halo of M31 (PIs Olsen and Dey) and an IR Survey (PIs Stringfellow and Bally). Valdes will continue to lead efforts on Mosaic camera and NEWFIRM camera data-handling software, both at the telescope and with science pipelines, to make calibrated data available to the astronomical community. The NEWFIRM user package and NOAO science pipeline will be completed in FY09. Valdes will develop NVO-oriented Web services and NVO- enabled tools.

NICOLE S. VAN DER BLIEK, Associate Scientist

Research Interests Instrumentation; young stars and cool stars

FY08 Accomplishments van der Bliek led the SOAR Adaptive Module (SAM) project into the next phase, the integration and testing of the main module. The project is well on schedule to start commissioning the Natural Guide Star mode before the end of FY09. van der Bliek continued the collaboration with B. Rodgers (Gemini Observatory) on binarity of Herbig Ae/Be stars, a spectroscopic and photometric study of a large sample of Herbig Ae/Be stars to detect close companions and investigate their properties. The frequency and degree of multiplicity of HAEBE systems will provide new constraints on their formation mechanism. Other collaborators include S. Thomas (CTIO), G. Doppmann (Gemini Observatory), J. Bouvier (Université de Grenoble), and REU/PIA students B. Brandvig (2005), M.J. Cordero (2006), A. Sweet (2006), and C. Araya (2007). The first part of the survey, consisting of observations of 193 mainly northern objects, is complete. Possible companions have been detected for 89 of these 193 Herbig Ae/Be stars, more than doubling the number of known Herbig Ae/Be binaries. About 50% of these stars have more than one possible companion. Statistical analysis based on the surface density shows that two-thirds of the candidates are likely to be companions with a 95% certainty. van der Bliek renewed a collaboration with R.F. Wing (Ohio State U.) and U.-G. Jørgensen to study the near-infrared colors and spectra of M dwarfs. As a first step, they selected a sample of nearby M dwarfs, based on availability of accurate photometry, distance measurements, and spectral type determinations. A progress report was presented at the Cool Star 15 meeting in St. Andrews, UK, in July 2008.

FY09 Plans van der Bliek will continue the survey of Herbig Ae/Be stars and the search for multiples. The AO survey will be extended to the Southern Hemisphere to complete the search for close companions to Herbig Ae/Be stars. As for the northern Herbig Ae/Be multiples, near-infrared spectroscopic observations will be used to spectral type the companions and confirm physical association with the primaries. van der Bliek will continue the work on M dwarfs, which will involve modeling of the near- infrared spectra of a sub sample of these nearby dwarfs.

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ALISTAIR R. WALKER, Astronomer (Director, CTIO)

Research Interests Stellar populations; the Magellanic Clouds; the distance scale; astronomical instrumentation

FY08 Accomplishments Walker is part of a team led by W. Gieren (U. Concepción, Chile) studying the distance scale, principally by means of critically comparing several distance scale methods in the nearby Group of galaxies, and in galaxies companion to the Milky Way. All observations have been taken, and substantial progress has been made in analyzing the data. Two papers were published in the report period, and two more are in press.

FY09 Plans In 2008, observations with the Blanco telescope (PI Walker) were made of several galactic globular clusters to investigate the spatial variation of the stellar luminosity function as a function of globular cluster mass. These observations will be reduced and the results prepared for publication. In a long- term project with J. Nemec (Victoria, Canada), Walker will continue to monitor secular period changes in the RR Lyrae populations of several LMC globular clusters. Walker is a member of the HST Wide Field Camera 3 Science Oversight Committee, and under the leadership of R. O’Connell (Virginia) this team has been awarded 200 orbits of time to carry out a demonstration science program to study star formation in a number of galaxies, both near and far. The data for this program are expected early in 2009, and will be rapidly reduced and the results published.

CONSTANCE E. WALKER, Associate Scientist (Senior Science Education Specialist)

Research Interests Magnetic fields of ; millimeter/submillimeter-wave spectroscopy of galaxies at various epochs

FY08 Accomplishments Walker worked as the chair of two International Year of Astronomy (IYA) Dark Skies working groups: one for the U.S. and one for the global Cornerstone Project “Dark Skies Awareness.” Planning for a dozen different Dark Skies programs worldwide for IYA2009 is almost complete. With the staff from UCAR’s GLOBE program, she continued for a third year the GLOBE at Night program to promote social awareness of the dark sky by measuring light pollution and submitting results online. Almost 7,000 measurements from 62 countries were contributed. This included meter measurements that, for a second year, were used to measure quantitatively the sky brightness in magnitude/square arcsecond. Walker gave 15 oral presentations on GLOBE at Night and IYA Dark Skies. Two GLOBE at Night training sessions were at the March and September Project ASTRO workshops for local teachers and their astronomer partners. Walker continued managing the NOAO North part of the ASTRO-Chile program. Walker facilitated a teacher workshop in Tucson on a remote sensing project about Mars to recruit and train science teachers for an ASTRO-Chile videoconferencing project on Mars with Chilean teachers and students in Spring 2009. She coordinated a Family ASTRO presence at the annual Astronomy Nights at the Desert Museum. She organized and ran booths on optics and light during the three days of the annual Southern Arizona Regional Science and Engineering Fair FunFest in Tucson. Walker and R. Sparks retooled modules for Hands-on Optics (HOO) for younger audiences and gave HOO training workshops at meetings around the country. Walker continued to coordinate the HOO programs at the Boys & Girls Clubs in South Tucson as well as local optics summer camps for the Girl Scouts. Along with S. Pompea and R. Sparks, Walker embarked on a half-year program to hold physics workshops one weekend a month for 45 teachers on the Navajo and Hopi Indian

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reservations. For the fifth year in a row, she organized and co-convened two sessions at the American Geophysical Union conference on teacher professional development programs promoting authentic science in the classroom. For the sixth consecutive year, Walker directed the solar group of teachers on Kitt Peak for the ARBSE summer institute. She was also in charge of the solar observing runs for the Teacher Observing Program at the McMath-Pierce Telescope on Kitt Peak. Walker made improvements to the ARBSE solar project to study magnetic field strengths of sunspots, making it more robust and palatable for the teachers and students. And to help with these programs, Walker managed a group of undergraduate assistants. Walker also gave a number of talks at professional conferences such as the AGU, AAS, ASP, Communicating Astronomy with the Public 2007, as well as visited classrooms, wrote six published papers, and sat on an advisory board.

FY09 Plans Walker will concentrate on more local educational outreach; educational outreach in Chile; dark sky preservation near sites, with IYA2009 and with GLOBE at Night; engagement with and support of the American professional astronomical research community; and media relations.

LLOYD WALLACE, Astronomer Emeritus

Research Interests Planetary atmospheres, stellar atmospheres

FY08 Accomplishments Wallace and W. Livingston have completed a long-term study of the variation of the telluric 3.417 micron line of Hydrogen Chloride in solar spectra. This HCl is the result of the decomposition of anthropogenic halocarbons, causes ozone depletion, and produces acid rain. Our observations show that it peaked in the period 1993 to 1997 and is now decreasing slowly.

FY09 Plans High-resolution spectra of IRC +10216 have been obtained by K. Hinkle and Wallace in the 10.5-micron region. The spectrum in this region is dominated by silane and ammonia, but our objective is to detect and measure the much weaker lines of ethylene and attempt to determine their role in the source structure. These lines are about one percent deep. Wallace is also analyzing chromium hollow cathode spectra obtained with the Brault Fourier Transform Spectrometer on Kitt Peak. Such an analysis of modern high-resolution spectra of chromium is needed for the analysis of modern astronomical spectra.

SIDNEY C. WOLFF, Astronomer Emerita

Research Interests Star formation; early evolution of angular momentum; large optical/infrared telescopes; astronomy and space science education

FY08 Accomplishments Wolff, working with S. Strom, K. Cunha, S. Daflon, K. Olsen, and D. Dror, published a paper showing that the dense cluster R136 in the LMC continues the trends seen in the Milky Way: stars formed in high-density regions lack the cohort of slow rotators that dominate in low-density regions and among young field stars. The paper argues that the differences in N(v sin i) between R136 and the field stars in the LMC and MW likely result from a difference in the initial conditions in protostellar cores that are found in the types of molecular cloud regions that form rich, dense clusters (e.g., higher turbulent speeds) rather than from differences in the environment surrounding the core (e.g., stellar density, UV radiation field).

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FY09 Plans The reduction of Spitzer data for intermediate-mass stars in the young cluster IC 1805 is nearly complete. The fraction of stars with disks is much lower than around low-mass stars of similar age, indicating that disk lifetimes are much shorter around the intermediate-mass stars. Disk properties are of three types: (1) optically thick disks, analogous to the disks around Herbig Ae/Be stars; (2) optically thin disks; and (3) disks with inner holes. These properties are being compared with models of the effects of planet formation and photoevaporation on disk properties.

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APPENDIX B FY08 BUDGET INFORMATION BY PROGRAM

FY08 Expenses and Revenue

The current Work Breakdown Structures (WBS) show how resources map into the programs over the course of the proposal period. This structure, instituted in FY08, lets NOAO track KPNO and CTIO operations, NGSC Gemini support operations, development of system capabilities and support, administration/infrastructure for NOAO North and South, major projects such as LSST, and NOAO- wide programs like PAEO and Science Research Support. The following table from the NOAO Annual Program Plan FY 2008 shows the budget/revenue planned for each program at the beginning of the fiscal year.

FY08 Program Plan Budget/Revenue Rollup Table

Program Divisions NOAO-N NOAO-S Total Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO) $ 6,772,862 6,772,862 Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) $ 5,400,786 5,400,786 NOAO Gemini Science Center (NGSC) 999,231 583,146 1,582,377 System Division 5,733,969 2,221,703 7,955,672 System Development (SD) 726,866 System Instrumentation (SI) 1,485,096 982,253 Giant Segmented Mirror Telescope Program Office (GSMTPO) 1,627,912 690,272 Data Products Program (DPP) 1,894,095 549,178

Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) 2,927,688 2,927,688 ^^ Science Research Support (SRS) 1,006,728 420,678 1,427,406 Public Affairs and Educational Outreach (PAEO) 2,469,188 216,369 2,685,557 Admin. & Infrastructure 5,876,255 1,753,572 7,629,827 NOAO Director's Office (NDO) 1,537,232 160,841 Central Administration Services (CAS) 1,865,376 526,851 Central Facilities Operations (CFO) 1,620,448 349,587 Computer Infrastructure Services (CIS) 853,199 716,293 AURA Fee 1,084,733 Subtotal NOAO 25,785,921 10,596,254 37,466,908 Outside Revenue -6,901,587 Prorgram Costs Less Revenue 30,565,321 LSST Supplement Carry-Forward -1,177,460 * Total Carry-Forward Projected (2,507,861) Total NSF Base Allocation FY 2008 $25,785,921 $10,596,254 $26,880,000

*Does not include the portion reserved of carry-foward that was forward funded by NSF for FY09 (1,314,553). ^^ Includes expenditures funded by the LSST Supplement Carry-Forward.

B-1 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

The next table shows the actual gross expense figures at the end of FY08 for each program. Unexpended funds at the end of FY08 provide a total carry-forward of $3,720,076. This carry-forward is a combination of restricted funds (of which $1,364,171 is restricted for the LSST R&D supplement, $300,000 for infrastructure, and $75,000 for FY09 programming).

FY08 NOAO Actual Expenditure Summary Rollup Table

Program Divisions NOAO‐NNOAO‐S Total

Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO) 6,510,187 6,510,187 Cerro Tololo Inter- Americ an Observatory (CTIO) 6,032,697 6,032,697 NOAO Gemini Science Center (NGSC) 880,831 475,618 1,356,449 System Division 5,786,195 1,507,821 7,294,016 System Development (SD) 532,768 System Instrumentation (SI) 2,185,467 842,311 Giant Segmented Mirror Telesc ope Program Offic e (GSMTPO) 1,149,162 217,356 Data Products Program (DPP) 1,918,798 448,154

Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) 1,488,917 1,488,917 Science Research Support (SRS) 984,540 178,513 1,163,053 Public Affairs and Educational Outreach (PAEO) 2,133,519 243,298 2,376,817 Admin and Infrastructure 4,763,004 1,744,980 6,507,984 NOAO Director's Office (NDO) 872,430 86,291 Central Administrative Servic es (CAS) 1,716,404 614,986 Central Fac ilities Operations (CFO) 1,477,019 450,195 Computer Infrastructure Services (CIS) 697,151 593,508

AURA Fee 704,838 Net Subtotal NOAO (including revenue) 22,547,193 10,182,927 33,434,958

Other Revenue inc luding the LSST Supplement and Modernization Supplement not inc luding FY08 program carry-forward * (9,339,729) Program Costs Less Revenue 24,095,229 Total Base Allocation 27,815,305 FY08 Carry- forward 18,444,232 9,878,491 (3,720,076)

* Other revenue does not include HST and NASA, which are non program supporting. FY08 NOAO base carryover --> (1,980,905) FY08 LSST and Infrastructure supplemental carryover --> (1,739,171) (3,720,076)

A summary of the FY08 revenue by program is shown in the following table.

FY08 NOAO Revenue Summary

Program Divisions NOAO‐NNOAO‐S Total

Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO) (1,682,801) (1,682,801) Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) (719,532) (719,532) NOAO Gemini Science Center (NGSC) (60,277) (60,277) System Division (1,754,211) (1,754,211) System Division (SD) -72,849 System Instrumentation (SI) -605,548 Giant Segmented Mirror Telescope Program Offic e (GSMTPO) -887,138 Data Products Program (DPP) -188,676

Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) 0 0 Science Research Support (SRS) (454,521) (454,521) Public Affairs and Educational Outreach (PAEO) (1,025,242) (1,025,242) Admin and Infrastructure (1,894,280) (9,694) (1,903,974) NOAO Director's Office (NDO) -207,300 Central Administrative Servic es (CAS) -921,330 Central Facilities Operations (CFO) -527,062 Computer Infrastructure Services (CIS) -238,588 (9,694)

0 Net Subtotal NOAO Program Revenue (6,871,332) (738,920) (7,600,558) LSST Supplement (1,364,171) Guard Rail Supplement Support to CTIO (75,000) Modernization Supplement (300,000) FY08 NOAO Revenue and Supplemental Increments. (6,871,332) (738,920) (9,339,729) Non-NSF Program Revenue (HST and NASA Grants) (2,272,300) (2,272,300) Total FY08 NOAO Revenue (9,143,632) (738,920) (11,612,029)

B-2 FY08 BUDGET INFORMATION BY PROGRAM

Key to Work Packages

Kitt Peak National Operational and mountain support costs for KPNO including personnel, travel, Observatory (KPNO) miscellaneous equipment, tenant support, Site Director’s office, user support, NSO support, instrumentation and modernization upgrades, and other mountain facilities costs. Includes costs of telescope operation and maintenance and partnerships. Does not include NOAO-wide administrative costs.

Cerro Tololo Inter- Operational and mountain support costs for CTIO including personnel, travel, American Observatory miscellaneous equipment, AOSS mountain operations, Site Director’s office, user (CTIO) support, instrumentation and modernization upgrades, and other mountain facilities costs. Includes costs of telescope operation and maintenance, partnerships, and some ETS support to Gemini and other users. Does not include NOAO-wide administrative costs.

NOAO Gemini Science Personnel, travel, support, and equipment for NGSC to provide U.S. community access Center (NGSC) and user support to the two Gemini Telescopes. Support is provided for in NOAO North and South. Science research time for scientific staff that have NGSC functional responsibilities, the NGSC AURA fellowship, and NGSC postdoc support.

System Development Cost of Telescope Allocation Committee and activities, including periodic meetings of (SD) NOAO user constituencies, other informational workshops and committees, the annual meeting of the survey teams, the new system development office, and administration/oversight costs of the TSIP.

System Instrumentation Operations and management of the instrumentation program supporting NOAO, the (SI) System, and the community. Also includes MONSOON and other instrumentation support.

Giant Segmented Mirror Management of the GSMT program office to support the community’s interest in and Telescope Program access to future ELTs. Includes GSMT SWG and other community interactions. Includes Office (GSMTPO) oversight of the NSF award-funded effort with the TMT and GMT projects, reporting to NSF, and site-testing work in Chile.

Data Products Program Planning and management of DPP North and South, development and operation of the (DPP) End-to-End Data Management System, user support, and data management for other initiatives. Includes community involvement and data in the NVO.

Large Synoptic Survey Support to move through the final stages of development into construction for the LSST Telescope (LSST) program. NOAO emphasis is on telescope design and site support. Includes support for design and development effort until MREFC funding begins. Provides scientist contribution during construction era, ramping up of data products participation, and the development of an NOAO role in operations era.

Science Research Direct support to science staff, including administrative support, colloquia, travel, page Support (SRS) charges, and conference/workshops. Also includes salary support for fellowships and those science staff on sabbatical or directly supporting the SRS activity.

Public Affairs and NOAO North and South educational and public outreach programs, REU programs, Educational Outreach public affairs, and graphic arts. (PAEO)

NOAO Director’s Office Activities of the NOAO director, deputy director, administrative support staff, risk (NDO) management, library, and safety coordination. Also includes these functions as provided by the CTIO director for NOAO South.

Central Administrative NOAO-wide human resources, accounting/financial management, procurement, payroll, Services (CAS) shipping/receiving and export control, AURA corporate and other AURA centers, and LSSTC support. Also includes NOAO South general administrative costs to include AOSS per person costs to cover La Serena administration.

B-3 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

Key to Work Packages

Central Facilities NOAO North facilities operation costs of non-mountaintop building maintenance, roads Operations (CFO) and grounds, utilities, vehicles, and the computer network in Tucson. NOAO South includes the costs for AOSS support to facilities in La Serena, building remodeling, and CTIO vehicle maintenance and replacement.

Computer Infrastructure Computer system support for both NOAO North and South, including network Services (CIS) maintenance and software support. Includes system security and access.

AURA Support/Mgmt. AURA support to NOAO and the AURA F&A for new funds and carry-forward from F&A non-expended FY08 funds. The AURA management fee is calculated based on a G&A indirect rate of 2.11 percent including a negotiated fee of $98K.

Outside Revenue Revenue to support programs from indirect cost recovery, outside agreements, support to AURA Corporate, grant income, TSIP, etc. Refer to the revenue summary table for further details.

FY08 Carry-Forward Amount of funds from FY08 carried forward to support the full NOAO program.

Total NSF Base Amount of new FY09 NSF support funds currently budgeted for the FY09 NOAO Allocation FY09 program.

The pie chart below breaks down the NOAO program by division and major program. The numbers represented include the actual cost of activities funded by the NSF base plus the LSST supplement. They do not include TSIP sub-awards. Note that the salary cost of the time that scientific staff spends on research is included in each program; the Research Support category comprises the salaries of Goldberg Fellows (who have no functional duties) and the support for research activities (page charges, travel to scientific meetings, sabbaticals, etc.) provided to the scientific staff. The System includes: System Development, System Instrumentation, Data Products Program, and Giant Segmented Mirror Telescope Program Office. Administration and Infrastructure (Admin & Infra) includes: NOAO Director’s Office, Central Administration Services (North & South), Central Facilities Operations (North & South), and Computer Infrastructure Support (North & South)

AURA 3% KPNO 19 % KPNO Admin & Infra CTIO 18 % NGSC PAEO The System 5%

Research Support LSST CTIO 3% 20% Research Support LSST 6% PAEO Admin & Infra

NGSC AURA System Div. 21% 5%

B-4 FY08 BUDGET INFORMATION BY PROGRAM

Effort of Scientific Staff by Budgeted Program

The following table shows the FY08 effort by each scientific staff member within the NOAO functional programs. Scientific staff members fill out biweekly timecards on which they indicate the number of hours spent on each activity. These hours are converted to fractions of a pay period, with charges to grants and functional activities taken first, followed by research up to the 80 hours per pay period limit. For reference, each staff member’s nominal allocation for research is shown: Director, Deputy Director, Head of Program, Scientist, and Assoc. Scientist = 20%; Full, Associate, and Assistant Astronomer = 50%; PAEO Scientist and Associate Scientist = 10%; Postdoc and Goldberg Fellow = 100%. This table may be compared with Table 17 in the Annual Program Plan FY 2008, in which the predictions at the start of the year are listed.

FY08 Fractional Division of Effort of NOAO Scientific Staff by Budgeted Program (FY08 NSF-Allocated Funds Only)

Research SYSTEM DIVISION Allocation SCI by Name Research CTIO KPNO NGSC SYS DEV DPP SI GSMTPO PAEO LSST Non-NSF Total Position MGMT 0.20 Abbott, T. 0.05 0.95 ------1.00 0.50 Blum, R. 0.42 0.02 0.06 0.35 0.13 - - 0.01 - - - - 1.00 0.20 Boroson, T. 0.03 - - - 0.02 - - - - - 0.95 - 1.00 0.20 Claver, C. 0.02 - 0.02 ------0.96 - - 1.00 0.15 Croft, S. 0.08 - - - 0.46 - - - 0.30 0.03 - 0.13 1.00 0.25 Cunha, K. 0.27 - - 0.31 ------0.42 1.00 0.50 De Propris, R. 0.68 0.32 ------1.00 0.50 De Young, D. 0.24 - - - - 0.76 ------1.00 0.50 Dey, A. 0.52 - 0.01 0.45 - - - - - 0.01 - - 1.00 0.50 Dickinson, M. 0.53 - 0.00 - 0.03 0.41 - 0.03 - - - - 1.00

B-5 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

Research SYSTEM DIVISION Allocation SCI by Name Research CTIO KPNO NGSC SYS DEV DPP SI GSMTPO PAEO LSST Non-NSF Total Position MGMT 0.20 Elias, J. 0.04 - - 0.04 - - - 0.92 - - - - 1.00 0.00 Els, S. 0.11 ------0.89 - - - - 1.00 0.10 Garmany, C. 0.06 ------0.70 - - 0.25 1.00 0.20 Gregory, B. 0.07 0.79 - - - - 0.02 0.08 - - - 0.03 1.00 0.20 Hinkle, K. 0.13 - - 0.79 - - 0.08 - - - - - 1.00 0.10 Howell, S. 0.02 - 0.65 - - - - - 0.23 - - 0.10 1.00 0.50 Jacoby, G. 0.02 ------0.98 1.00 0.20 Jannuzi, B. 0.03 - 0.97 ------1.00 0.20 Joyce, R. 0.09 - 0.64 0.10 0.01 - 0.09 0.00 - - - 0.07 1.00 0.50 Lauer, T. 0.43 - - - 0.06 0.05 - - - - - 0.45 1.00 0.75 Lee, T. 0.01 ------0.99 1.00 1.00 Lotz, J. 1.00 ------1.00 1.00 Macri, L. 0.79 ------0.21 1.00 0.50 Matheson, T. 0.47 - - 0.53 ------1.00 0.20 Merrill, K.M. 0.02 - 0.96 - - - 0.02 - - - - - 1.00 0.00 Mighell, K. ------0.37 - - 0.63 1.00 0.50 Miller, C.J. 0.28 0.01 - - - 0.71 ------1.00 0.50 Najita, J. 0.32 ------0.08 - - 0.60 - 1.00 0.67 Norman, D. 0.75 - - 0.25 ------1.00 0.50 Olsen, K. 0.52 - - 0.42 - - 0.01 0.05 - - - - 1.00 1.00 Points, S. 0.05 0.95 ------1.00 0.10 Pompea, S. 0.02 ------0.55 - - 0.43 1.00 0.20 Probst, R. 0.11 0.01 0.39 0.02 0.03 - 0.45 - - - - - 1.00 0.50 Rajogapal, J. 0.49 - - 0.25 - - - 0.26 - - - - 1.00 1.00 Rest, A. 1.00 ------1.00

B-6 FY08 BUDGET INFORMATION BY PROGRAM

Research SYSTEM DIVISION Allocation SCI by Name Research CTIO KPNO NGSC SYS DEV DPP SI GSMTPO PAEO LSST Non-NSF Total Position MGMT 0.50 Ridgway, S.E. 0.50 - - 0.50 ------1.00 0.00 Ridgway, S.T. 1.00 ------1.00 1.00 Rudnick, G. 1.00 ------1.00 0.20* Saha, A. 0.23 - 0.12 ------0.65 - - 1.00 1.00 Schuler, S. 1.00 ------1.00 0.20 Shaw, R.A. 0.29 - - - - 0.71 ------1.00 0.00 Silva, D. ------0.23 0.77 1.00 0.50 Smith, M. 0.45 0.28 - - - - - 0.01 0.25 - - - 1.00 0.20 Smith, R.C. - 0.03 - - - 0.82 - - - 0.16 - - 1.00 0.20 Smith, V. 0.13 - - 0.87 ------1.00 0.20 Sprayberry, D. 0.02 - - - 0.14 - 0.77 0.08 - - - - 1.00 0.50 Stanghellini, L. 0.43 - - - 0.57 ------1.00 0.50 Strom, S. ------1.00 - - - - 1.00 0.50 Tokovinin, A. 0.18 0.39 - - - - 0.42 - - - - 0.01 1.00 0.20 Valdes, F. - - - - - 1.00 ------1.00 0.20 van der Bliek, N. 0.23 0.29 - - - - 0.48 - - - - - 1.00 0.20 Walker, A. 0.07 0.77 ------0.16 - 1.00 0.10 Walker, C. 0.08 ------0.69 - - 0.23 1.00 0.20 Wolff, S. - - - - 0.04 - - - - 0.28 - 0.67 1.00

* The research allocation for A. Saha changed from 50% to 20% in January 2008 as a result of his promotion to LSST Head of Program.

B-7

APPENDIX C NOAO SCIENTIFIC STAFF PUBLICATIONS FY08

Abt, H.A. 2008, PASP, 120, 715, “Evidence That the Mean Radial Velocities of Many B0-B3 Stars Are Systematically Incorrect”

Abt, H.A. 2008, ApJS, 176, 216, “Visual Multiples. IX. MK Spectral Types”

Abt, H.A. 2008, AJ, 135, 722, “The Difference between Metal-poor and Metal-rich Binaries”

Abt, H.A. 2008, ApJS, 174, 499, “New Data on A-type Disk Stars”

Abt, H.A. 2007, Scientometrics, 73, 353, “The Future of Single-authored Papers”

Abt, H.A. 2007, Scientometrics, 73, 281, “The Publication Rate of Scientific Papers Depends Only on the Number of Scientists”

Abt, H.A. 2007, Future Professional Communication in Astronomy, eds. A. Heck and L. Houziaux (Academie Royale de Belgique), 177, “Changing Sources for Research Literature”

Abt, H.A. 2007, The Hoffleit Centennial: A Year of Celebration, eds. A.G. Davis Philip, W. van Altena, R.A. Koopmann (L. Davis Press), 69, “Spectral Classification Surveys”

Aloisi, A., … Saha, A., et al. 2007, ApJ, 667, L151, “I Zw 18 Revisited with HST ACS and Cepheids: New Distance and Age”

Alonso, M.V., … Smith, M.G., … Rest, A., et al. 2008, MNRAS, 385, p. 2254, “Triplets of Quasars at High Redshift – I. Photometric Data”

Andreon, S., De Propris, R., et al. 2008, MNRAS, 383, p. 102, “Scaling Relations of the Colour- detected Cluster RzCS 052 at z = 1.016 and Some Other High-redshift Clusters”

Andreon, S., … De Propris, R., et al. 2008, MNRAS, 385, p. 979, “Galaxy Evolution in the High- redshift, Colour-selected Cluster RzCS 052 at z = 1.02”

Assef, R.J., … Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2008, ApJ, 676, 286, “Low-resolution Spectral Templates for Galaxies from 0.2 to 10 μm”

Astronomical Data Analysis Software and Systems XVI, eds. R.A. Shaw, F. Hill, D.J. Bell (ASP), 2007

Aufdenberg, J.P., … Ridgway, S.T., et al. 2008, The Power of Optical/IR Interferometry, eds. A. Richichi, et al. (Springer), 71, “Limb Darkening: Getting Warmer”

C-1 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

Baines, E.K., … Ridgway, S.T., et al. 2008, ApJ, 682, 577, “The Search for Stellar Companions to Exoplanet Host Stars Using the CHARA Array”

Baines, E.K., … Ridgway, S.T., et al. 2008, ApJ, 680, 728, “CHARA Array Measurements of the Angular Diameters of Exoplanet Host Stars”

Barbosa, C.L., Blum, R.D., et al. 2008, ApJ, 678, 55, “High Spatial Resolution Spectroscopy of W51 IRS 2E and IRS 2W: Two Very Massive Young Stars in Early Formation Stages”

Basu-Zych, A.R., … Salim, S., et al. 2007, ApJS, 173, 457, “The Young and the Dustless: Interpreting Radio Observations of Ultraviolet-luminous Galaxies”

Becker, A.C., … Matheson, T., … Rest, A., … Smith, R.C., et al. 2008, ApJ, 682, L53, “Exploring the Outer Solar System with the Essence Supernova Survey”

Benford, D.J., Lauer, T.R., et al. 2008, SPIE Proc. 7021, eds. D. Dorn, A. Holland (SPIE), “Simulations of Sample-up-the-ramp for Space-based Observations of Faint Sources”

Benford, D.J., Lauer, T.R., et al. 2008, SPIE Proc. 7010, eds. J. Oschmann, Jr., M. de Graauw, H. MacEwen (SPIE), “Precision Attitude Determination for an Infrared Space Telescope”

Berger, D.H., … Ridgway, S.T., et al. 2008, ASP Conf. 384, ed. G. van Belle (ASP), 226, “The Radius-luminosity Relation from Near infrared Interferometry: New M Dwarf Sizes from the CHARA Array”

Berger, E., … Sherry, W.H., et al. 2008, ApJ, 673, 1080, “Simultaneous Multiwavelength Observations of Magnetic Activity in Ultracool Dwarfs. I. The Complex Behavior of the M8.5 Dwarf TVLM 513-46546”

Berger, E., … Sherry, W.H., et al. 2008, ApJ, 676, 1307, “Simultaneous Multiwavelength Observations of Magnetic Activity in Ultracool Dwarfs. II. Mixed Trends in VB 10 and LSR 1835+32 and the Possible Role of Rotation”

Bernard, J.-P., … Blum, R., … Mould, J., … Olsen, K., et al. 2008, AJ, 136, 919, “Spitzer Survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud, Surveying the Agents of a Galaxy's Evolution (SAGE). IV. Dust Properties in the Interstellar Medium”

Blondin, S., … Matheson, T., … Rest, A., … Smith, R.C., et al. 2008, ApJ, 682, p. 724, “Time Dilation in Spectra at High Redshift”

Blum, R.D., et al. 2008, AJ, 135, 1708, “The Ionizing Stars of the Galactic Ultra-compact H II Region G45.45+0.06”

C-2 NOAO SCIENTIFIC STAFF PUBLICATIONS FY08

Boyajian, T.S., … Ridgway, S.T., et al. 2008, ApJ, 683, 424, “Angular Diameters of the G Subdwarf μ Cassiopeiae A and the K Dwarfs σ Draconis and HR 511 from Interferometric Measurements with the CHARA Array”

Boyer, C., … Joyce, R., et al. 2008, SPIE Proc. 7015, eds. N. Hubin, C. Max, P. Wizinowich (SPIE), “Update on the TMT Laser Guide Star Facility Design”

Brand, K., … Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2008, ApJ, 680, 119, “Spitzer Mid-infrared Spectroscopy of Distant X-Ray Luminous Active Galactic Nuclei”

Brand, K., … Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2008, ApJ, 673, 119, “Spitzer Mid-infrared Spectroscopy of 70 μm-selected Distant Luminous Infrared Galaxies”

Brittain, S., … Hinkle, K.H., et al. 2007, ApJ, 670, 29, “Post-outburst Observations of V1647 Orionis: Detection of a Brief Warm Molecular Outflow”

Brodwin, M., et al. 2007, ApJ, 671, L93, “Galaxy Cluster Correlation Function to z~1.5 in the IRAC Shallow Cluster Survey”

Brown, M.J.I., … Dey, A., Jannuzi, B.T., … Brodwin, M., et al. 2008, ApJ, 682, 937, “Red Galaxy Growth and the Halo Occupation Distribution”

Campbell, R.K., … Howell, S., et al. 2008, ApJ, 678, 1304, “Cyclotron Modeling Phase-resolved Infrared Spectroscopy of Polars. II. EQ Ceti, AN Ursa Majoris, and VV Puppis”

Campbell, R.K., … Howell, S.B., et al. 2008, ApJ, 672, 531, “Cyclotron Modeling Phase-resolved Infrared Spectroscopy of Polars. I. EF Eridani”

Carr, J.S., Najita, J.R. 2008, Science, 319, 1504, “Organic Molecules and Water in the Planet Formation Region of Young Circumstellar Disks”

Carter, D., … Lotz, J., et al. 2008, ApJS, 176, 424, “The Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys Coma Cluster Survey. I. Survey Objectives and Design”

Cassata, P., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2008, A&A, 483, L39, “GMASS Ultradeep Spectroscopy of Galaxies at z ˜2. III. The Emergence of the Color Bimodality at z ˜2”

Chou M-Y., … Cunha, K., Smith, V.V.,et al. 2007, ApJ., 670, p. 346, “A 2MASS All-Sky View of the Saggitarius Dwarf Galaxy. V. Variation of the Metallicity Distribution Function Along the Saggitarius Stream”

Cimatti, A., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2008, A&A, 482, 21, “GMASS Ultradeep Spectroscopy of Galaxies at z ~ 2. II. Superdense Passive Galaxies: How Did They Form and Evolve?”

C-3 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

Conselice, C.J., … Lotz, J., et al. 2008, MNRAS, 383, 1366, “The Faint and Extremely Red K-band- selected Galaxy Population in the DEEP2/Palomar Fields”

Conselice, C.J., … Lotz, J., et al. 2007, MNRAS, 381, 962, “The Properties and Evolution of a K- band Selected Sample of Massive Galaxies at z ~ 0.4-2 in the Palomar/DEEP2 Survey”

Crampton, D., … Silva, D., et al. 2008, SPIE Proc. 7014, eds. I. McLean and M. Casali (SPIE), “Early Light TMT Instrumentation”

Croft, S.K., Pompea, S.M. 2008, ASP Conf. 389, eds. C. Garmany, M.G. Gibbs, and J.W. Moody (ASP), 211, “Astronomy Village: Innovative Uses of Planetary Astronomy Images and Data”

Croft, S.K., … Pompea, S.M., et al. 2008, ASP Conf. 389, eds. C. Garmany, M.G. Gibbs, J.W. Moody (ASP), 249, “Wilderness of Rocks Project”

Croft, S., … Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B., et al. 2008, AJ, 135, 1793, “Radio-loud High-redshift Candidates in BOÖTES”

Cunha, K., … Blum, R.D., et al. 2008, IAU Symp. 245, eds. M. Bureau, E. Athanassoula, B. Barbuy (Cambridge), 339, “Abundance Patterns in Stars in the Bulge and Galactic Center”

Cunha, K., … Smith, V.V., … Blum, R.D., et al. 2007, ApJ, 669, p. 1011, “Chemical Abundances of Luminous Cool Stars in the Galactic Center from High-Resolution Infrared Spectroscopy”

Cunha, K., Smith, V.V., Gibson, B.K. 2008, ApJ, 679, L17, “Fluorine Abundances in the Milky Way Bulge”

da Ângela, J., … De Propris, R., et al. 2008, MNRAS, 383, p. 565, “The 2dF-SDSS LRG and QSO Survey: QSO Clustering and the L-z Degeneracy”

Daddi, E., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2008, ApJ, 673, L21, “Vigorous Star Formation with Low Efficiency in Massive Disk Galaxies at z = 1.5”

Daddi, E., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2007, ApJ, 670, 173, “Multiwavelength Study of Massive Galaxies at z~2. II. Widespread Compton-thick Active Galactic Nuclei and the Concurrent Growth of Black Holes and Bulges”

Daddi, E., Dickinson, M., et al. 2007, ApJ, 670, 156, “Multiwavelength Study of Massive Galaxies at z~2. I. Star Formation and Galaxy Growth”

Daflon, S., … Wolff, S., et al. 2007, AJ, 134, 1570, “The Projected Rotational Velocity Distribution of a Sample of OB Stars From a Calibration Based on Synthetic He I Lines”

Daly, P.N., … Valdes, F.G., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2008, SPIE Proc. 7019, eds. A. Bridger and N. Radziwill (SPIE), “The NEWFIRM Observing Software: From Design to Implementation”

C-4 NOAO SCIENTIFIC STAFF PUBLICATIONS FY08

Dawson, S., … Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2007, ApJ, 671, 1227, “A Luminosity Function of Lyα-emitting Galaxies at z ~ 4.5”

Decin, L., … Hinkle, K.H., et al. 2008, A&A, 484, 401, “Probing the Mass-loss History of the Unusual R Hydrae through Its Infrared CO Wind”

Desai, V., … Dey, A., Jannuzi, B.T., … Brand, K., … Brodwin, M., et al. 2008, ApJ, 679, 1204, “Redshift Distribution of Extragalactic 24 μm Sources”

Dewitt, C., … Blum, R., et al. 2008, A Population Explosion: The Nature & Evolution of X-ray Binaries in Diverse Environments, eds. R.M. Bandyopadhyay, et al. (AIP), 165, “Candidate Selection for the FLAMINGOS-2 Galactic Center Survey”

Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B.T., … Brodwin, M., et al. 2008, ApJ, 677, 943, “A Significant Population of Very Luminous Dust-obscured Galaxies at Redshift z ~ 2”

De Young, D.S., et al. 2008, ASP Conf. 386, eds. T.A. Rector and D.S. De Young (ASP), 343, “Does AGN ‘Feedback’ in Galaxy Clusters Really Work?” di Folco, E., … Ridgway, S.T., et al. 2007, A&A, 475, 243, “A Near-infrared Interferometric Survey of Stars. I. Probing the Hot Dust Content around ɛ Eridani and τ Ceti with CHARA/FLUOR”

Doppmann, G.W., Najita, J., et al. 2008, ApJ, 685, 298, “Stellar and Circumstellar Properties of the Pre-main-sequence Binary GV Tau from Infrared Spectroscopy”

Eggleton, P.P., Tokovinin, A.A. 2008, MNRAS, 389, p. 869, “A Catalogue of Multiplicity Among Bright Stellar Systems”

Eisenhardt, P.R.M., Brodwin, M., … Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2008, ApJ, 684, 905, “Clusters of Galaxies in the First Half of the Universe from the IRAC Shallow Survey”

Ellerbroek, B., … Joyce, R., et al. 2008, SPIE Proc. 7015, eds. N. Hubin, C. Max, P. Wizinowich (SPIE), “Progress toward Developing the TMT Adaptive Optical Systems and Their Components”

Els, S.G., … Tokovinin, A., … Gregory, B., et al. 2008, App. Opt., 47, p. 2610, “Study on the Precision of the Multiaperture Scintillation Sensor Turbulence Profiler (MASS) Employed in the Site Testing Campaign for the Thirty Meter Telescope”

EPO and a Changing World: Creating Linkages and Expanding Partnerships, eds. C. Garmany, M.G. Gibbs, J.W. Moody (ASP), 2008

Evstigneeva, E.A., … De Propris, R., et al. 2008, AJ, 136, p. 461, “Structural Properties of Ultra- Compact Dwarf Galaxies in the Fornax and Virgo Clusters”

C-5 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

Extragalactic Jets: Theory and Observations from Radio to , eds. T.A. Rector and D.S. De Young (ASP), 2008

Feast, M.W., … Kinman, T.D., et al. 2008, MNRAS, 386, 2115, “The Luminosities and Distance Scales of Type II Cepheid and RR Lyrae Variables”

Fekel, F.C., Hinkle, K.H., Joyce, R.R., et al. 2008, AJ, 136, 146, “Infrared Spectroscopy of Symbiotic Stars. VI. Combined Orbits for Two S-type Systems: V455 Scorpii and SS 73-90”

Fienberg, R.T., Pompea, S.M. 2008, Communicating Astronomy with the Public 2007, eds. L. Christensen, M. Zoulias, I. Robson (Eugenides Foundation), “Progress Toward a Low-cost 'Galileoscope' for the IYA2009”

Figuerêdo, E., Blum, R.D., et al. 2008, AJ, 136, 221, “The Stellar Content of Obscured Galactic Giant H II Regions. VI. W51A”

Finn, R.A., … Miller, C.J., et al. 2008, ApJ, 679, p. 279, “Mass and Redshift Dependence of Star Formation in Relaxed Galaxy Clusters”

Fiorentino, G., … Saha, A., et al. 2008, Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana, 79, 461, “Very Metal Poor Classical Cepheids: The Distance of IZw18”

Fitzpatrick, M., Valdes, F., et al. 2007, ASP Conf. 376, eds. R.A. Shaw, F. Hill, D.J. Bell (ASP), 688, “IRAF Users and Developers”

Foley, R.J., … Matheson, T., … Rest, A., … Smith, R.C., et al. 2008, ApJ, 684, p. 68, “Constraining Cosmic Evolution of Type Ia Supernovae”

Frayer, D.T., … Pope, A., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2008, ApJ, 680, 21, “Molecular Gas in the z = 1.2 Ultraluminous Merger GOODS J123634.53+621241.3”

Garmany, C.D., et al. 2008, ASP Conf. 389, eds. C. Garmany, M.G. Gibbs, J.W. Moody (ASP), 167, “Teaching Astronomy 101 at a Native American Community College”

Gebhardt, K., Lauer, T.R., … Green, R., et al. 2007, ApJ, 671, 1321, “The Black Hole Mass and Extreme Orbital Structure in NGC 1399”

Georgakakis, A., … Lotz, J.M., et al. 2008, MNRAS, 385, 2049, “The Role of AGN in the Colour Transformation of Galaxies at Redshifts z ~ 1”

Ghez, A.M., Salim, S., et al. 2008, IAU Symp. 248, eds. W. Jin, I. Platais, M. Perryman (Cambridge), 52, “Probing the Properties of the Milky Way's Central with Stellar Orbits”

Gies, D.R., … Howell, S.B., et al. 2008, ApJ, 678, 1237, “ Variations During the X-Ray High and Low States of X-1”

C-6 NOAO SCIENTIFIC STAFF PUBLICATIONS FY08

Gilli, R., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2007, A&A, 475, 83, “The Spatial Clustering of Mid-IR Selected Star Forming Galaxies at z ~ 1 in the GOODS Fields”

Girardi, L., … Olsen, K.A.G., et al. 2008, PASP, 120, 583, “Revised Bolometric Corrections and Interstellar Extinction Coefficients for the ACS and WFPC2 Photometric Systems”

Gorjian, V., … Brand, K., … Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2008, ApJ, 679, 1040, “The Mid- infrared Properties of X-Ray Sources”

Greco, C., … Rest, A., et al. 2007, ApJ, 670, p. 332, “Variable Stars in the Fornax dSph Galaxi. I. The Globular Cluster Fornax 4”

Halliday, C., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2008, A&A, 479, 417, “GMASS Ultradeep Spectroscopy of Galaxies at z ~ 2 . I. The Stellar Metallicity”

Heng, K., … Matheson, T., et al. 2008, ApJ, 681, 1116, “A Direct Measurement of the Dust Extinction Curve in an Intermediate-redshift Galaxy”

Herczeg, G.J., Najita, J.R., et al. 2007, ApJ, 670, 509, “High-resolution Spectroscopy of [Ne II] Emission from TW Hydrae”

Hergenrother, C.W., Mueller, B.E.A., … Samarasinha, N.H., et al. 2007, Icarus, 191, 45, “R- and J- band Photometry of Comets 2P/Encke and 9P/Tempel 1”

Hickox, R.C., … Brodwin, M., … Jannuzi, B.T., Dey, A., Brand, K., et al. 2007, ApJ, 671, 1365, “A Large Population of Mid-infrared-selected, Obscured Active Galaxies in the Boötes Field”

Hinkle, K.H., … Joyce, R.R., Ridgway, S.T., et al. 2008, A&A, 479, 817, “Imaging Ejecta from the Final Flash Star ”

Hinkle, K.H., Joyce, R., et al. 2008, SPIE Proc. 7014, eds. I. McLean and M. Casali (SPIE), “Design Options for High-performance High-resolution Near-infrared Spectrographs”

Hoard, D.W., … Howell, S.B., et al. 2008, A Population Explosion: The Nature & Evolution of X-ray Binaries in Diverse Environments, eds. R.M. Bandyopadhyay, et al. (AIP), 195, “What's Cool About Hot Stars? Infrared Observations of Cataclysmic Variables with the Spitzer Space Telescope”

Hoard, D.W., Howell, S.B., et al. 2007, ApJ, 671, 734, “The Mid-Infrared Spectrum of the Short Orbital Period Polar EF Eridani from the Spitzer Space Telescope”

Hora, J.L., … Blum, R.D., et al. 2008, AJ, 135, 726, “Spitzer Sage Observations of Large Magellanic Cloud Planetary Nebulae”

C-7 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

Hornschemeier, A.E., … Salim, S., et al. 2008, A Population Explosion: The Nature & Evolution of X-Ray Binaries in Diverse Environments, eds. R.M. Bandyopadhyay, et al. (AIP), 291, “X-Ray Emission from Ultraviolet Luminous Galaxies”

Howell, S.B., et al. 2008, ApJ, 685, 418, “‘Dark Matter’ in Accretion Disks”

Hurst, A., Garmany, K., et al. 2008, ASP Conf. 389, eds. C. Garmany, M.G. Gibbs, J.W. Moody (ASP), 23, “Providing Professional Development from a Distance: The Opportunities and Challenges of Reaching Educators through Online Astronomy Courses”

Ivezic, Z., … Claver, C.F., … Saha, A., et al. 2008, Serbian Astronomical Journal, 176, 1, “Large Synoptic Survey Telescope: From Science Drivers To Reference Design”

Kafka, S., Anderson, R., et al. 2008, AJ, 135, p. 1649, “QU Carinae: A SNeIa Progenitor?”

Kassin, S.A., … Lotz, J.M., et al. 2007, ASP Conf. 380, eds. J. Afonso, et al. (ASP), 477, “The Stellar Mass Tully-Fisher Relation to z=1.2”

Keller, L.D., … Najita, J., et al. 2008, ApJ, 684, 411, “PAH Emission from Herbig Ae/Be Stars”

Kepley, A.A., … Kinman, T.D., et al. 2007, AJ, 134, 1579, “Halo Star Streams in the Solar Neighborhood”

Kervella, P., … Ridgway, S.T., et al. 2008, A&A, 488, 667, “The Radii of the Nearby K5V and K7V Stars 61 Cygni A & B. CHARA/FLUOR Interferometry and CESAM2k Modeling”

Kinman, T.D., … Saha, A., et al. 2007, IBVS, 5805, 1, “A Study of the Bright RR Lyrae Star CN Cam”

Knight, M.M., … Samarasinha, N.H., et al. 2007, Icarus, 191, 403, “Ground-based Visible and Near- IR Observations of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 During the Encounter”

Knudsen, K.K., … Rudnick, G., et al. 2008, ASP Conf. 379, eds. N. Metcalfe and T. Shanks (ASP), 306, “Obscured Star Formation in Distant Red Galaxies -- 850μm Detection”

Kornilov, V., Tokovinin, A., et al. 2007, MNRAS, 382, p. 1268, “Combined MASS-DIMM Instruments for Atmospheric Turbulence Studies”

Kriek, M., … Rudnick, G., et al. 2008, ApJ, 677, 219, “A Near-infrared Spectroscopic Survey of K- selected Galaxies at z ~ 2.3: Redshifts and Implications for Broadband Photometric Studies”

Kriek, M., … Rudnick, G., et al. 2007, ApJ, 669, 776, “The Origin of Line Emission in Massive z ~ 2.3 Galaxies: Evidence for Cosmic Downsizing of AGN Host Galaxies”

C-8 NOAO SCIENTIFIC STAFF PUBLICATIONS FY08

Kurk, J.D., … Daddi, E., Dickinson, M., et al. 2008, ASP Conf. 381, eds. R.-R. Chary, H.I. Teplitz, K. Sheth (ASP), 303, “GMASS, Unveiling Distant Massive Galaxies with Spitzer”

Lacy, M., …Ridgway, S.E., et al. 2007, ApJ, 669, L61, “Large Amounts of Optically Obscured Star Formation in the Host Galaxies of Some Type 2 Quasars”

Lah, P., …De Propris, R., et al. 2007, IAU Symp. 244, p. 366, “Neutral Hydrogen Gas in Star Forming Galaxies at z=0.24”

Laidler, V.G., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2007, PASP, 119, 1325, “TFIT: A Photometry Package Using Prior Information for Mixed-resolution Data Sets”

Lanz, T., Cunha, K., et al. 2008, ApJ, 678, p. 1342, “Argon Abundances in the Solar Neighborhood: Non-LTE Analysis of Orion Association B-Type Stars”

Lauer, T.R., et al. 2007, ApJ, 670, 249, “Selection Bias in Observing the Cosmological Evolution of the M•-σ and M•-L Relationships”

Lebzelter, T., … Hinkle, K.H., et al. 2008, A&A, 486, 511, “AGB Stars of the Intermediate-age LMC Cluster NGC 1846. II. Dredge Up Along the AGB”

Lebzelter, T., Hinkle, K.H., et al. 2008, IXth Torino Workshop on Evolution and Nucleosynthesis in AGB Stars and the IInd Perugia Workshop on Nuclear Astrophysics, eds. R. Guandalini, S. Palmerini, M. Busso (AIP), 56, “Observing Third Dredge Up in NGC 1846”

Lebzelter, T., Hinkle, K., et al. 2007, ASP Conf. 378, eds. F. Kerschbaum, C. Charbonnel, R. F. Wing (ASP), 105, “AGB Stars in Globular Clusters”

Lederer, M.T., … Hinkle, K., et al. 2007, Unsolved Problems in Stellar Physics, eds. R.J. Stancliffe, et al. (AIP), 43, “Third Dredge-up in Globular Cluster AGB Stars: Observation Versus Theory”

Lin, L., … Lotz, J., et al. 2008, ApJ, 681, 232, “The Redshift Evolution of Wet, Dry, and Mixed Galaxy Mergers from Close Galaxy Pairs in the DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey”

Lisse, C.M., Chen, C.H., et al. 2008, ApJ, 673, 1106, “Circumstellar Dust Created by Formation in HD 113766”

Lotz, J.M., et al. 2008, ApJ, 672, 177, “The Evolution of Galaxy Mergers and Morphology at z < 1.2 in the Extended Groth Strip”

Lotz, J.M. 2007, ASP Conf. 380, eds. J. Afonso, et al. (ASP), 467, “The Evolution of the Galaxy Merger Rate at z < 1”

Lyubenova, M., Kuntschner, H., Silva, D.R., et al. 2008, A&A, 485, 425, “Central K-band Kinematics and Line Strength Maps of NGC 1399”

C-9 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

MacDonald, E.C., Dickinson, M.E., et al. 2008, ASP Conf. 381, eds. R.-R. Chary, H.I. Teplitz, K. Sheth (ASP), 327, “Mid- to Far-infrared Correlations at z ˜ 1 in GOODS”

Maeda, K., … Matheson, T., et al. 2008, Science, 319, 1220, “Asphericity in Supernova Explosions from Late-time Spectroscopy”

Magnelli, B., … Pope, A., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2008, ApJ, 681, 258, “IRAC Excess in Distant Star-forming Galaxies: Tentative Evidence for the 3.3 μm Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Feature?”

Mainieri, V., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2007, ASP Conf. 380, eds. J. Afonso, et al. (ASP), 151, “Multi- wavelength Study of Obscured AGN in the Chandra Deep Field South”

Massey, P., … Olsen, K.A.G., et al. 2008, IAU Symp. 250, eds. F. Bresolin, P. Crowther, J. Puls (Cambridge), 97, “The Physical Properties of Red Supergiants: Comparing Theory and Observations”

Massey, P., … Olsen, K.A.G., Silva, D.R., et al. 2008, RevMexAA (Serie de Conferencias), 33, 29, “The Physical Properties of Red Supergiants”

Massey, P., … Olsen, K.A.G., … Smith, R.C., et al. 2007, AJ, 134, p. 2474, “A Survey of Local Group Galaxies Currently Forming Stars. III. A Search for Luminous Blue Variables and Other Hα Emission-Line Stars”

Matheson, T., et al. 2008, AJ, 135, 1598, “Optical Spectroscopy of Type Ia Supernovae”

Méerand, A., … Ridgway, S.T., et al. 2008, The Power of Optical/IR Interferometry, eds. A. Richichi, et al. (Springer), 99, “Cepheids Observations Using CHARA/FLUOR: αUMi and δCep”

Meijerink, R., … Najita, J.R., et al. 2008, ApJ, 676, 518, “Atomic Diagnostics of X-Ray-irradiated Protoplanetary Disks”

Melbourne, J., … Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2008, AJ, 136, 1110, “Morphologies of High- redshift Dust-obscured Galaxies from Keck Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics”

Meléndez, J., … Cunha, K., … Smith, V.V., et al. 2008, A&A, 484, L21, “Chemical Similarities Between Galactic Bulge and Local Red Giant Stars”

Merloni, A., Rudnick, G., et al. 2008, Relativistic Astrophysics and Cosmology - Einstein’s Legacy, eds. B. Aschenbach, et al. (Springer), 158, “The Parallel Lives of Supermassive Black Holes and their Host Galaxies”

Meyer, M.R., … Najita, J., et al. 2008, ApJ, 673, L181, “Evolution of Mid-infrared Excess around Sun-like Stars: Constraints on Models of Terrestrial Planet Formation”

C-10 NOAO SCIENTIFIC STAFF PUBLICATIONS FY08

Miceli, A., Rest, A., et al. 2008, ApJ, 678, p. 865, “Evidence for Distinct Components of the Galactic Stellar Halo from 838 RR Lyrae Stars Discovered in the Loneos-I Survey”

Mighell, K.J. 2008, SPIE Proc. 7019, eds. A. Bridger and N. Radziwill (SPIE), “CRBLASTER: A Fast Parallel-processing Program for Cosmic Ray Rejection”

Mighell, K.J., et al. 2008, SPIE Proc. 7010, eds. J. Oschmann, Jr., M. de Graauw, H. MacEwen (SPIE), “Improving the Photometric Precision of IRAC Channel 1”

Mighell, K.J. 2007, ASP Conf. 376, eds. R.A. Shaw, F. Hill, D.J. Bell (ASP), 405, “The Lost Flux Method: A New Algorithm for Improving the Precision of Space-based Near-infrared Stellar Photometry with Lossy Detectors”

Miller, B.W., Lotz, J., et al. 2008, IAU Symp. 246, eds. E. Vesperini, M. Giersz, A. Sills (Cambridge), 429, “GMOS Spectroscopy of Globular Clusters in Dwarf Elliptical Galaxies”

Miller, B.W., Lotz, J.M. 2007, ApJ, 670, 1074, “The Globular Cluster Luminosity Function and Specific Frequency in Dwarf Elliptical Galaxies”

Milvang-Jensen, B., … Rudnick, G., et al. 2008, A&A, 482, 419, “Spectroscopy of Clusters in the ESO Distant Cluster Survey (EDisCS). II. Redshifts, Velocity Dispersions, and Substructure for Clusters in the Last 15 Fields”

Monkiewicz, J.A., Dickinson, M.E., et al. 2008, ASP Conf. 381, eds. R.-R. Chary, H.I. Teplitz, K. Sheth (ASP), 332, “The Local 8-micron/Far-infrared Relation from SWIRE/SDSS Star-forming Galaxies”

Moro-Martin, A., … Najita, J., et al. 2007, ApJ, 668, 1165, “The Dust, Planetesimals, and Planets of HD 38529”

Morrison, G., Dickinson, M., et al. 2008, ASP Conf. 381, eds. R.-R. Chary, H.I. Teplitz, K. Sheth (ASP), 376, “The GOODS-North Radio Galaxies: On the Origin of the Radio Emission”

NOAO Data Handbook, ed. R.A. Shaw (NOAO), 2007

Observatory Operations: Strategies, Processes, and Systems II (SPIE Proc. 7016), eds. R.J. Brissenden and D.R. Silva (SPIE), 2008

Orosz, J.A., … Macri, L., et al. 2007, Nature, 449, 872, “A 15.65-solar-mass Black Hole in an Eclipsing Binary in the Nearby Spiral Galaxy M 33”

Papovich, C., Rudnick, G., et al. 2007, ApJ, 668, 45, “Spitzer Mid- to Far-infrared Flux Densities of Distant Galaxies”

C-11 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

Pereira, C.B., … Smith, V.V., Cunha, K., et al. 2008, A&A, 477, p. 535, “High-resolution Spectroscopic Observations of the Peculiar Planetary Nebula Me 1-1”

Perrin, G., … Ridgway, S.T., et al. 2007, A&A, 474, 599, “The Molecular and Dusty Composition of 's Inner Circumstellar Environment”

Peruta, C., Walker, C.E., … Pompea, S.M., et al. 2008, ASP Conf. 389, eds. C. Garmany, M.G. Gibbs, J.W. Moody (ASP), 195, “Hands-On Optics in an Informal Setting: Science Camps”

Peter, A.H., … Reddy, N.A., et al. 2007, ApJ, 668, 23, “Morphologies of Galaxies in and around a Protocluster at z = 2.300”

Pietrzyński, G., … Walker, A., et al. AJ, 135, p. 1993, “The Araucaria Project: The Distance to the Sculptor from Infrared Photometry of RR Lyrae Stars”

Poggianti, B.M., … Rudnick, G., et al. 2008, ApJ, 684, 888, “The Relation between Star Formation, Morphology, and Local Density in High-redshift Clusters and Groups”

Pompea, S.M., et al. 2008, ASP Conf. 389, eds. C. Garmany, M.G. Gibbs, J.W. Moody (ASP), 429, “Telescope Kits and Optics Challenges for the International Year of Astronomy 2009”

Pompea, S.M., Walker, C.E., et al. 2008, ASP Conf. 389, eds. C. Garmany, M.G. Gibbs, J.W. Moody (ASP), 415, “Using the Hands-On Optics ‘Terrific Telescopes’ Kit in the International Year of Astronomy”

Pompea, S.M., Walker, C.E., et al. 2008, Exemplary Science in Informal Education Settings, eds. R. Yager and J. Falk (NSTA Press), 47, “Knowledge and Wonder: Engagements with Light and Color in the Hands-On Optics Project”

Pompea, S.M. 2008, Mercury, 37, 22, “The Galileoscope for the IYA”

Pope, A., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2008, ASP Conf. 381, eds. R.-R. Chary, H.I. Teplitz, K. Sheth (ASP), 249, “Using Spitzer to Probe the Nature of Submillimeter Galaxies in GOODS-N”

Pope, A., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2008, ApJ, 675, 1171, “Mid-infrared Spectral Diagnosis of Submillimeter Galaxies”

Pope, A., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2007, ASP Conf. 380, eds. J. Afonso, et al. (ASP), 387, “Infrared Spectral Energy Distributions of Submillimetre Galaxies”

Poznanski, D., … Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2007, MNRAS, 382, 1169, “Supernovae in the Subaru Deep Field: An Initial Sample and Type Ia Rate out to Redshift 1.6”

Prescott, M.K., … Dey, A., et al. 2008, ApJ, 678, L77, “The Overdense Environment of a Large Lyα Nebula at z ~ 2.7”

C-12 NOAO SCIENTIFIC STAFF PUBLICATIONS FY08

Probst, R.G., et al. 2008, SPIE Proc. 7014, eds. I. McLean and M. Casali (SPIE), “First Light with NEWFIRM”

Ravindranath, S., … Dickinson, M.E., et al. 2008, IAU Symp. 245, eds. M. Bureau, E. Athanassoula, B. Barbuy (Cambridge), 407, “Morphological Properties of Massive Galaxies at High-z from GOODS”

Rebull, L.M., … Chen, C., et al. 2008, ApJ, 681, 1484, “Spitzer MIPS Observations of Stars in the β Pictoris Moving Group”

Rebull, L.M., … Wolff, S.C., Strom, S.E., et al. 2008, ASP Conf. 384, ed. G. van Belle (ASP), 327, “Rotation in Young Stars”

Reddy, N.A., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2008, ApJS, 175, 48, “Multiwavelength Constraints on the Cosmic Star Formation History from Spectroscopy: The Rest-frame Ultraviolet, Hα, and Infrared Luminosity Functions at Redshifts 1.9 <~ z <~ 3.4”

Reichard, T.A., … Rudnick, G., et al. 2008, ApJ, 677, 186, “The Lopsidedness of Present-day Galaxies: Results from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey”

Rest, A., Matheson, T., … Smith, R.C., Olsen, K., … Damke, G., et al. 2008, ApJ, 680, 1137, “Spectral Identification of an Ancient Supernova Using Light Echoes in the Large Magellanic Cloud”

Rest, A., … Olsen, K., Smith, R.C., … Damke, G., … Matheson, T., et al. 2008, ApJ, 681, L81, “Scattered-light Echoes from the Historical Galactic Supernovae and Tycho (SN 1572)”

Ridgway, S.T., et al. 2008, SPIE Proc. 7013, eds. M. Schöller, W. Danchi, F. Delplancke (SPIE), “Adaptive Optics for the CHARA Array”

Rix, S.A., … Reddy, N.A., et al. 2007, ApJ, 670, 15, “The Sightline to Q2343-BX415: Clues to Galaxy Formation in a Quasar Environment”

Robotham, A., Phillips, S., De Propris, R. 2008, ApJ, 672, p. 834, “The Shapes of Galaxy Groups: Footballs or Frisbees?”

Ross, N.P., … De Propris, R., et al. 2007, MNRAS, 381, p. 573, “The 2dF-SDSS LRG and QSO Survey: the LRG 2-point Correlation Function and Redshift-space Distortions”

Sadler, E.M., … De Propris, R., et al. 2007, MNRAS, 381, p. 211, “Radio Galaxies in the 2SLAQ Luminous Red Galaxy Survey – I. The Evolution of Low-power Radio Galaxies to z ~ 0.7”

Salim, S., et al. 2007, ApJS, 173, 267, “UV Star Formation Rates in the Local Universe”

Schwarz, H.E., …, Peterson, R. 2008, ApJ, 675, 380, “Orientation Effects in Bipolar Planetary Nebulae”

C-13 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

Schiminovich, D., … Salim, S., et al. 2007, ApJS, 173, 315, “The UV-Optical Color Magnitude Diagram. II. Physical Properties and Morphological Evolution on and off of a Star-forming Sequence”

Scott, D., … Valdes, F.G., et al. 2007, ASP Conf. 376, eds. R.A. Shaw, F. Hill, D.J. Bell (ASP), 265, “The NOAO High-performance Pipeline System: Architecture Overview”

Seaman, R., … Dickinson, M., Valdes, F., et al. 2007, ASP Conf. 376, eds. R.A. Shaw, F. Hill, D.J. Bell (ASP), 483, “Astronomical Tiled Image Compression: How and Why”

Sebag, J., … Claver, C.F., et al. 2008, SPIE Proc. 7012, eds. L.M. Stepp and R. Gilmozzi (SPIE), “LSST IR Camera for Cloud Monitoring and Observation Planning”

Sebag, J., … Saha, A., Claver, C., et al. 2007, RevMexAA (Serie de Conferencias), 31, 30, “LSST Cloud Cover Measurement for Observation Scheduling”

Serjeant, S., … Pope, A., et al. 2008, MNRAS, 386, 1907, “The SCUBA Half Degree Extragalactic Survey (SHADES) - IX. The Environment, Mass and Redshift Dependence of Star Formation”

Seymour, N., … Dey, A., Dickinson, M., et al. 2008, ASP Conf. 381, eds. R.-R. Chary, H.I. Teplitz, K. Sheth (ASP), 398, “Spitzer Observations of High Redshift Radio Galaxies”

Shaw R.A., Rest, A., Damke, G., Smith, R.C., et al. 2007, ApJ, 669, L25, “The Unusual Variability of the Large Magellanic Cloud Planetary Nebula RPJ 053059-683542”

Sherry, W.H., et al. 2008, AJ, 135, 1616, “Main-sequence Fitting Distance to the σ Ori Cluster”

Siana, B., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2007, ApJ, 668, 62, “New Constraints on the Lyman Continuum Escape Fraction at z~1.3”

Silva, D.R., et al. 2008, SPIE Proc. 7019, eds. A. Bridger and N. Radziwill (SPIE), “Thirty Meter Telescope: Observatory Software Requirements, Architecture, and Preliminary Implementation Strategies”

Silva, D.R. 2008, SPIE Proc. 7016, eds. R.J. Brissenden and D.R. Silva (SPIE), “Thirty Meter Telescope: Current Operations Concepts and Plans”

Silva, D.R., et al. 2008, ApJ, 674, 194, “A New Approach to the Study of Stellar Populations in Early- type Galaxies: K-band Spectral Indices and an Application to the Fornax Cluster”

Silverman, J.D., … Jannuzi, B.T., Smith, M.G., et al. 2008, ApJ, 679, 118, “The Luminosity Function of X-Ray-selected Active Galactic Nuclei: Evolution of Supermassive Black Holes at High Redshift”

Sing, D.K., … Howell, S.B., et al. 2007, A&A, 474, 951, “Discovery of a Bright Eclipsing Cataclysmic Variable”

C-14 NOAO SCIENTIFIC STAFF PUBLICATIONS FY08

Smith, R.C., Boroson, T., et al. 2007, ASP Conf. 376, eds. R.A. Shaw, F. Hill, D.J. Bell (ASP), 707, “The NOAO Data Products Program: Developing an End-to-end Data Management System in Support of the Virtual Observatory”

Smith, R.C., Dickinson, M., … Valdes, F., et al. 2007, ASP Conf. 376, eds. R.A. Shaw, F. Hill, D.J. Bell (ASP), 615, “The NOAO End-to-end Data Management System: An Overview”

Söchting, I.K., … Smith, M.G., et al. 2008, MNRAS, 386, L57, “Triplets of Quasars as Lighthouses of Rich Galaxy Clusters”

Sparks, R.T., Pompea, S.M., Walker, C.E. 2008, ASP Conf. 389, eds. C. Garmany, M.G. Gibbs, J.W. Moody (ASP), 103, “Adaptive Optics Educational Outreach and the Giant Segmented Mirror Telescope”

Stanghellini, L., … Shaw, R.A., et al. 2007, ApJ, 671, 1669, “Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph Observations of Magellanic Cloud Planetary Nebulae: The Nature of Dust in Low-metallicity Circumstellar Ejecta”

Stanghellini, L. 2007, ASP Conf. 378, eds. F. Kerschbaum, C. Charbonnel, R. Wing (ASP), 456, “Planetary Nebulae as Probes of the Chemical Impact of AGB Stars”

Steinfadt, J.D., … Howell, S.B., et al. 2008, ApJ, 677, L113, “Discovery of the Partially Eclipsing White Dwarf Binary SDSS J143547.87+373338.5”

Strom, S., et al. 2007, The Science Opportunities of the Warm Spitzer Mission Workshop, eds. L. Storrie-Lombardi and N. Silbermann (AIP), 137, “Star Formation: Answering Fundamental Questions During the Spitzer Warm Mission Phase”

Stubbs, C.W., … Smith, R.C., et al. 2007, PASP, 119, p. 1163, “Toward More Precise Survey Photometry for PanSTARRS and LSST: Measuring Directly the Optical Transmission Spectrum of the Atmosphere”

Su, K.Y.L., … Chen, C.H., et al. 2008, ApJ, 679, L125, “The Exceptionally Large Debris Disk around γ Ophiuchi”

Swaters, R.A., Valdes, F.G. 2007, ASP Conf. 376, eds. R.A. Shaw, F. Hill, D.J. Bell (ASP), 269, “The NOAO High-performance Pipeline System: The Mosaic Camera Pipeline”

Szewczyk, O., … Walker, A., et al. 2008, AJ, 136, p. 272, “The Araucaria Project. The Distance of the Large Magellanic Cloud from Near-Infrared Photometry of RR Lyrae Variables”

Szkody, P., … Howell, S.B., et al. 2008, ApJ, 683, 967, “GALEX, Optical, and Infrared Light Curves of MQ Dra: UV Excesses at Low Accretion Rates”

C-15 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

Toft, S., … Rudnick, G., et al. 2007, ApJ, 671, 285, “Hubble Space Telescope and Spitzer Imaging of Red and Blue Galaxies at z ~ 2.5: A Correlation between Size and Star Formation Activity from Compact Quiescent Galaxies to Extended Star-forming Galaxies”

Tokovinin, A. 2007, RevMexAA, 31, p. 61, “Turbulence Profiles from the Scintillation of Stars, Planets, and Moon”

Tokovinin, A., et al. 2007, MNRAS, 381, p. 1179, “Accurate Seeing Measurements with MASS and DIMM”

Tokovinin, A., et al. 2008, A&A, 477, p. 671, “FADE, an Instrument to Measure the Atmospheric Coherence Time”

Tokovinin, A., et al. 2008, PASP, 120, p. 170, “First Speckle Interferometry at SOAR Telescope with Electron-Multiplication CCD”

Tokovinin, A. 2008, MNRAS, 389, p. 925, “Comparative Statistics and Origin of Triple and Quadruple Stars”

Valdes, F.G., et al. 2007, ASP Conf. 376, eds. R.A. Shaw, F. Hill, D.J. Bell (ASP), 273, “The NOAO High-performance Pipeline System: The Mosaic Camera Pipeline Algorithms”

Valenti, S., … Matheson, T., et al. 2008, MNRAS, 383, 1485, “The Broad-lined Type Ic Supernova 2003jd”

van Dokkum, P.G., … Rudnick, G., et al. 2008, ApJ, 677, L5, “Confirmation of the Remarkable Compactness of Massive Quiescent Galaxies at z ~ 2.3: Early-type Galaxies Did Not Form in a Simple Monolithic Collapse”

van Starkenburg, L., … Rudnick, G., et al. 2008, A&A, 488, 99, “Dynamical Properties of a Large Young Disk Galaxy at z = 2.03”

Vanzella, E., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2008, A&A, 478, 83, “The Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey. VLT/FORS2 Spectroscopy in the GOODS-South Field: Part III”

Vanzella, E., … Dicksinon, M., et al. 2007, ASP Conf. 380, eds. J. Afonso, et al. (ASP), 45, “Lyman Break Galaxies in the VLT/FORS2 Spectroscopic Campaign in the GOODS-S Field”

Voevodkin, A., Miller, C.J., et al. 2008, ApJ, 684, p. 204, “X-Ray Observations of Optically Selected Gian Elliptical-Dominated Galaxy Groups”

Wake, D.A., … De Propris, R., et al. 2008, MNRAS, 387, p. 1045, “The 2dF-SDSS LRG and QSO Survey: Evolution of the Clustering of Luminous Red Galaxies Since z = 0.6”

C-16 NOAO SCIENTIFIC STAFF PUBLICATIONS FY08

Walker, C.E., … Pompea, S.M., et al. 2008, Communicating Astronomy with the Public 2007, eds. L. Christensen, M. Zoulias, I. Robson (Eugenides Foundation), “GLOBE at Night: An Update and Look Ahead to IYA 2009”

Walker, C.E., Pompea, S.M., et al. 2008, ASP Conf. 389, eds. C. Garmany, M.G. Gibbs, J.W. Moody (ASP), 423, “GLOBE at Night 2.0: On the Road Toward IYA 2009”

Walker, C.E., Pompea, S.M., et al. 2008, ASP Conf. 389, eds. C. Garmany, M.G. Gibbs, J.W. Moody (ASP), 395, “Dark Skies As a Universal Resource, Citizen-Scientists, and the International Year of Astronomy”

Walker, C.E. 2008, Mercury, 37, 30, “Dark Skies Are a Universal Resource”

Walker, C.E. 2008, Universe in the Classroom, 74, “A Silent Cry for Dark Skies”

White, V., Croft, S.K., et al. 2008, ASP Conf. 389, eds. C. Garmany, M.G. Gibbs, J.W. Moody (ASP), 231, “No Ph.D. Required: Remote Telescopes Reaching a Wider Audience”

Whitney, B.A., … Blum, R.D., … Mould, J.R., … Olsen, K.A., et al. 2008, AJ, 136, 18, “Spitzer Sage Survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud. III. Star Formation and ~1000 New Candidate Young Stellar Objects”

Wiklind, T., Dickinson, M., et al. 2008, ApJ, 676, 781, “A Population of Massive and Evolved Galaxies at z>~5”

Wiklind, T., Dickinson, M., et al. 2007, ASP Conf. 380, eds. J. Afonso, et al. (ASP), 327, “Massive and Evolved Galaxies at z≥5”

Wolff, S.C., Strom, S.E., … Olsen, K., et al. 2008, AJ, 136, 1049, “Rotational Velocities for Early- type Stars in the Young Large Magellanic Cloud Cluster R136: Further Study of the Relationship Between Rotation Speed and Density in Star-forming Regions”

Wolff, S.C., Strom, S.E. 2008, ASP Conf. 387, eds. H. Beuther, H. Linz, T. Henning (ASP), 86, “Angular Momentum and the Formation of Massive Stars”

Wood, P.R., … Hinkle, K.H., et al. 2008, IXth Torino Workshop on Evolution and Nucleosynthesis in AGB Stars and the IInd Perugia Workshop on Nuclear Astrophysics, eds. R. Guandalini, S. Palmerini, M. Busso (AIP), 163, “Nitrogen Production in Intermediate-mass Stars by Hot-bottom Burning”

Wuyts, S., … Rudnick, G., et al. 2008, ApJ, 682, 985, “FIREWORKS U38-to-24 μm Photometry of the GOODS Chandra Deep Field-South: Multiwavelength Catalog and Total Infrared Properties of Distant Ks-selected Galaxies”

Yan, H., Dickinson, M., et al. 2008, ASP Conf. 381, eds. R.-R. Chary, H.I. Teplitz, K. Sheth (ASP), 317, “GOODS Spitzer/IRAC Observations of High-z Galaxies”

C-17 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

Yan, H., Dickinson, M., et al. 2007, ASP Conf. 380, eds. J. Afonso, et al. (ASP), 35, “The Stellar Masses and Star Formation Histories of Galaxies at z˜ 6: Constraints from Spitzer GOODS Observations”

Zevin, D., Walker, C., et al. 2008, ASP Conf. 389, eds. C. Garmany, M.G. Gibbs, J.W. Moody (ASP), 111, “The Sky is the Limit!: The Benefits from Partnering with the Project ASTRO National Network”

Zhao, M., … Ridgway, S.T., et al. 2008, ApJ, 684, 95, “First Resolved Images of the Eclipsing and Interacting Binary β Lyrae”

C-18

APPENDIX D KEY MANAGEMENT AND SCIENTIFIC PERSONNEL CHANGES FY08

Executive Management Team FY08

ƒ David Silva, NOAO Director (July–September)

ƒ Todd A. Boroson, Interim Director (October–June), NOAO/Deputy Director, NOAO

ƒ Buell Jannuzi, Director, KPNO/Associate Director NOAO

ƒ Alistair Walker, Director, CTIO/Associate Director NOAO

ƒ Verne V. Smith, Director, NGSC

ƒ Jonathan Elias, Head of Program, GSMT Program Office

ƒ Abi Saha, Head of Program, LSST

ƒ R. Chris Smith, Head of Program, Data Products Program

ƒ David Sprayberry, Head of Program, System Instrumentation

ƒ Doug Isbell, Associate Director for Public Affairs and Educational Outreach

ƒ Karen Wilson, Associate Director for Administration and Facilities

Scientific Personnel Changes FY08

New Appointments

Date Name Position Location 11/01/2007 Erin A. Pope Research Associate NOAO North 01/02/2008 Jason Harris Associate Scientist NOAO North

Site Transfers

Date Name Location

08/05/2008 Verne V. Smith NOAO South to NOAO North

08/05/2008 Katia ML Cunha NOAO South to NOAO North

D-1 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

Departures

Date Name Position Location

02/29/2008 Armin W. Rest Research Associate NOAO South

03/31/2008 Ting-Hui Lee Research Associate NOAO North

04/04/2008 David R. Salabert Research Associate NOAO North

05/30/2008 Lucas Macri Assistant Scientist NOAO North

08/01/2008 Christine Chen Research Associate NOAO North

08/14/2008 Gregory H. Rudnick Research Associate NOAO North

08/28/2008 Steven K. Croft Associate Scientist NOAO North

09/19/2008 Jason Harris Associate Scientist NOAO North

Changed Status

Date Name Position Change Location

10/30/2007 Knut Olsen Associate Granted tenure NOAO North Astronomer/Tenure

04/01/2008 Mark Dickinson Associate Granted tenure NOAO North Astronomer/Tenure

04/01/2008 Richard Shaw Scientist Reassignment from NOAO North Program Manager

04/01/2008 Abi Saha Head of Program, LSST Promotion to Head of NOAO North Program

04/01/2008 Jonathan Elias Head of Program, Promotion to Head of NOAO North GSMTPO Program

04/01/2008 R. Chris Smith Head of Program, DPP Promotion to Head of NOAO North Program

04/01/2008 David Sprayberry Head of Program, Promotion to Head of NOAO North System Instrumentation Program

07/07/2008 David Silva NOAO Director Promotion to Director NOAO North

09/22/2008 George Jacoby Astronomer/Tenure Reassignment due to NOAO North end of appointment as WIYN Director

D-2

APPENDIX E PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES

Telescopes at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory g

Alonso, M.V., … Smith, M.G., … Rest, A., et al. 2008, MNRAS, 385, 2254, “Triplets of Quasars at High Redshift – I. Photometric Data”

Andreon, S., De Propris, R., et al. 2008, MNRAS, 383, 102, “Scaling Relations of the Colour-detected Cluster RzCS 052 at z = 1.016 and Some Other High-redshift Clusters”

Banerji, M., Abdalla, F.B., Lahav, O., Lin, H. 2008, MNRAS, 386, 1219, “Photometric redshifts for the Dark Energy Survey and VISTA and Implications for Large-scale Structure”

Barber DeGraaff, R., Blakeslee, J.P., Meurer, G.R., Putman, M.E. 2007, ApJ, 671, 1624, “A Galaxy in Transition: Structure, Globular Clusters, and Distance of the Star-forming S0 Galaxy NGC 1533 in ”

Becker, A.C., … Damke, G., … Matheson, T., … Rest, A., … Smith R.C., … Suntzeff, N.B., et al. 2008, ApJ, 682, L53, “Exploring the Outer Solar System with the Essence Supernova Survey”

Benjamin, J., et al. 2007, MRAS, 381, 702, “Cosmological Constraints from the 100-deg2 Weak-Lensing Survey”

Bilikova, J., et al. 2007, AJ, 134, 2308, “Supernova Remnants in the Magellanic Clouds. IX. Multiwavelength Analysis of the Physical Structure of N49”

Biller, B.A., Close, L.M. 2007, ApJ, 669, L41, “A Direct Distance and Luminosity Detemination for a Self- Luminous Giant Exoplanet: The Trigonometric to 2MASSW J1207334-393254Ab”

Bilir, S., et al. 2008, MNRAS, 384, 1178, “Transformations between 2MASS, SDSS and BVRI Photometric Systems: Bridging the Near-infrared and Optical”

Blanc, G.A., et al. 2008, ApJ, 681, 1099, “The Multiwavelength Survey by Yale-Chile (MUSYC): Wide K- Band Imaging, Photometric Catalogs, Clustering, and Phisical Properties of Galaxies at z ~ 2”

Book, L.G., Chu, Y.-H., Gruendl, R.A. 2008, ApJS, 175, 165, “Structure of Supergiant Shells in the Large Magellanic Cloud”

Burwitz, V., et al. 2008, A&A, 481, 193, “Variability in the Cycle Length of the Supersoft Source RX J0513.9-6951”

Campbell, R.K., … Howell, S., et al. 2008, ApJ, 678, 1304, “Cyclotron Modeling Phase-resolved Infrared Spectroscopy of Polars. II. EQ Ceti and Ursa Majoris, and VV Puppis”

Cantrell, A.G., Bailyn, C.D., McClintock, J.E., Orosz, J.A. 2008, ApJ, 673, L159, “Optical State Changes in the X-Ray-Quiescent Black Hole A0620-00”

g Author Name in bold = NOAO scientific staff member; Author Name underlined = Undergraduate student in Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) program or Practica de Investigación en Astronomía (PIA) program

E-1 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

Carraro, G., Moitinho, A., Vázquez, R.A. 2008, MNRAS, 385, 1597, “Stellar Populations in the Canis Major Overdensity”

Carraro, G., et al. 2008, MNRAS, 386, 1625, “The Old Open Cluster NGC 2112: Updated Estimates of Fundamental Parameters Based on a Membership Analysis”

Carrera, R., et al. 2008, AJ, 135, 836, “The Chemical Enrichment History of the Large Magellanic Cloud”

Caulet, A., Gruendl, R.A., Chu, Y.-H. 2008, ApJ, 678, 200, “Young Stellar Objects in the Large Magellanic Cloud: N63 and N180 H II Regions”

Cecil, G., Rashkeev, D. 2007, AJ, 134, 1468, “A Side of Mercury Not Seen by Mariner 10”

Chené, A.-N., St-Louis, N. 2007, ASP Conf. 367, ed. N. St-Louis, A.F.J. Moffat (ASP), 117, “Large-Scale Structures in Wolf-Rayet Winds: Single vs Binary”

Chu, Y.-H., Gruendl, R.A. 2008, ASP conf. 387, ed. H. Beuther, H. Linz, Th. Henning (ASP), 415, “Were All Massive Stars Born in OB Associations and Clusters?”

Cohen, J.G., et al. 2008, Apj, 672, 320, “New Extremely Metal-Poor Stars in the Galactic Halo”

Contreras, C., Tappert, C. 2008, A&A, 486, 529, “NSV 13983: A New Dwarf Nova in the Period Gap (Research Note)”

Cruz, K.L., et al. 2008, ASP Conf. 384, ed. Gerard T. van Belle (ASP), 119, “A New Population of Young Brown Dwarfs”

Dawson, S., … Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2007, ApJ, 671, 1227, “A Luminosity Function of Lyα- Emitting Galaxies at z ≈ 4.5”

Dunn, J.P., Crenshaw, D.M., Kraemer, S.B., Trippe, M.L. 2008, AJ, 136, 1201, “Intrinsic Absorption Properties in Active Galaxies Observed with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer”

Ferreiro, D.L., Pastoriza, M.G., Rickes, M. 2008, A&A, 481, 645, “Sample of Minor Merger of Galaxies (Research Note) II. Modeling HII Region Properties”

Figuerêdo E., Blum, R.D., et al. 2008, ApJ, 136, 221, “The Stellar Content of Obscured Galactic Giant H II Regions. VI. W51A”

Finkelstein, S.L., et al. 2008, ApJ, 678, 655, “Effect of Dust Geometry in Lyα Galaxies at z = 4.4”

Firth, P., et al. 2007, MNRAS, 382, 1342, “Compact Stellar Systems Around NGC 1399”

Foley, R.J., … Matheson, T., … Rest, A., … Smith, R.C., et al. 2008, ApJ, 684, 68, “Constraining Cosmic Evolution of Type Ia Supernovae”

Frandsen, S., et al. 2007, A&A, 475, 991, “A Search for Solar-like Oscillations in K Giants in the Globular Cluster M4”

Frinchaboy, P.M., Majewski, S.R. 2008, AJ, 136, 118, “Open Clusters as Galactic Disk Tracers. I. Project Motivation, Cluster Membership, and Bulk Three-Dimensional Kinematics”

E-2 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES

Fukui, Y., et al. 2008, ApJS, 178, 56, “The Second Survey of the Molecular Clouds in the Large Magellanic Cloud by Nanten. I. Catalog of Molecular Clouds”

Gahm, G.F., et al. 2008, A&A, 482, L35, “Unveiling Extremely Veiled T Tauri Stars”

Gallo, E., et al. 2007, ApJ, 670, 600, “The Spectral Energy Distribution of Quiescent Black Hole X-Ray Binaries: New Constraints from Spitzer”

González Hernández, I., Hill, F., Lindsey, C. 2007, ApJ, 669, 1382, “Calibration of Seismic Signatures of Active Regions on the Far Side of the Sun”

Greco, C., … Rest, A., et al. 2007, ApJ, 670, 332, “Variable Stars in the Fornax dSph Galaxi. I. The Globular Cluster Fornax 4”

Grouchy, R.D., et al. 2008, AJ, 136, 980, “Counter-Winding Spiral Structure in ESO 297-27”

Guenther, D.B., et al. 2007, ApJ, 671, 581, “Seismology of Pre-Main-Sequence Stars in NGC 6530”

Guerrero, M.A., et al. 2008, ApJ, 683, 272, “Multiple and Precessing Collimated Outflows in the Planetary Nebula IC 4634”

Healey, S.E., et al. 2008, ApJ, 175, 97, “CGRaBS: An All-Sky Survey of Gamma-Ray Candidates”

Herrmann, K.A., Ciardullo, R., Feldmeier, J.J., Vinciguerra, M. 2008, ApJ, 683, 630, “Planetary Nebulae in FACE-on Spiral Galaxies. I. Planetary Nebula Photometry and Distances”

Howell, S.B., et al. 2008, ApJ, 685, 418, “Dark Matter in Accretion Disks”

Hsieh, B.C., et al. 2008, ApJ, 683, 33, “Pair Analysis of Field Galaxies from the Red-Sequence Cluster Survey”

Huynh, M.T., Jackson, C.A., Norris, R.P., Fernandez-Soto, A. 2008, AJ, 135, 2470, “Radio Observations of the Hubble Deep Field-South Region. IV. Optical Properties of the Faint Radio Population”

Irwin, J., et al. 2008, MNRAS, 384, 675, “The Monitor Project: Rotation of Low-Mass Stars in NGC 2362 – Testing the Disk Regulation Paradigm at 5 Myr”

Jao, W-C., Henry, T.J., Beaulieu, T.D., Subasavage, J.P. 2008, AJ, 136, 840, “Cool Subdwarf Investigations. I. New Thoughts on the Spectral Types of K and M Subdwarfs”

Johnson, C.I., Pilachowski, C.A., Simmerer, J., Schwenk, D. 2008, ApJ, 681, p.1505, “Fe and Al Abundances for 180 Red Giants in the Globular Cluster (NGC 5139)”

Kafka, S., Anderson, R., Honeycutt, R.K. 2008, AJ, 135, 1649, “QU Carinae: A SNeIa Progenitor?”

Kubo, J.M., Dell’ Antonio, I.P. 2008, MNRAS, 385, 918, “A Method to Search for Strong Galaxy-Galaxy Lenses in Optical Imaging Surveys”

Kornilov, V., Tokovinin, A., et al. 2007, MNRAS, 382, 1268, “Combined MASS-DIMM Instruments for Atmospheric Turbulence Studies”

E-3 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

Lamy, P.L., et al. 2008, A&A, 487, 1179, “Asteroid 2867 Steins. II. Multi-telescope Visible Observations, Shape Reconstruction, and Rotational State”

Landi, R., et al. 2007, ApJ, 669, 109, “The AGN Nature of 11 out of 12 SWIFT/RXTE Unidentified Sources Through Optical and X-Ray Spectroscopy”

Lépine, S., Moffat, A.F.J. 2008, AJ, 136, 548, “Direct Spectroscopic observations of Clumping in O-Star Winds”

Loh, Y-S., et al. 2008, ApJ, 680, 214, “The Color Bimodality in Galaxy Clusters Since z ~ 0.9”

Lucey, J.R., et al. 2007, ASP Conf. 379, ed. N. Metcalfe, T. Shanks (ASP), 117, “Age-Dating the Red Sequence in Low-Redshift Clusters”

Luhman, K.L. 2007, ApJS, 173, 104, “The Stellar Population of the Chamaeleon I Star-Forming Region”

Marshall, J.L. 2008, AJ, 135, 1000, “Finding Extreme Subdwarfs”

Masetti, N., et al. 2008, A&A, 482, 113, “Unveiling the Nature of INTEGRAL Objects through Optical Spectroscopy VI. A Multi-observatory Identification Campaign”

Massey, P., … Olsen, K.A.G., … Smith, R.C., Strong, S.B. 2007, AJ, 134, 2474, “A Survey of Local Group Galaxies Currently Forming Stars. III. A Search for Luminous Blue Variables and Other Hα Emission-Line Stars”

Mayer, P., et al. 2008, A&A, 481, 183, “Improved Estimates of the Physical Properties of the O-Star Binary V1007 Sco = HD 152248 and Notes on Several Other Binaries in the NGC 6231 Cluster”

Mermilliod, J.-C., et al. 2008, A&A, 485, 95, “Membership, Binarity, and Rotation of F-G-K Stars in the Open Cluster Blanco 1”

Miller, A.A., et al. 2008, MNRAS, 387, 349, “The Monitor POroject: The Search for Transits in the Open Cluster NGC 2362”

Miller, J.P., Pennypacker, C.R., White, G.L. 2008, PASP, 120, 449, “Optimal Image Subtraction Method: Summary Derivations, Applications, and Publicly Shared Application Using IDL”

Netzer, H., et al. 2007, ApJ, 671, 1256, “Black Hole Mass and Growth Rate at High Redshift”

Osterman, M.A., et al. 2007, ApJ, 671, 97, “New Multiwavelength Observations of PKS 2155-304 and Implications for the Coordinated Variability Patterns of ”

Osterman, M.A., et al. 2008, AJ, 136, 1398, “Results of the First Simultaneous X-Ray, Optical, and Radio Campaign on the Blazar PKS 1622-297”

Padmanabhan, N., et al. 2008, ApJ, 674, 1217, “An Improved Photometric Calibration of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Imaging Data”

Prescott, M.K.M., et al. 2007, ApJ, 668, 182, “The Incidence of Highly Obscured Star-Forming Regions in Sings Galaxies”

E-4 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES

Pretorius, M.L., Knigge, C. 2008, MNRAS, 385, 1471, “An Hα-selected Sample of Cataclysmic Variables – I. Observations of Newly Discovered Systems”

Reid, I.N., Cruz, K.L., Burgasser, A.J., Liu, M.C. 2008, AJ, 135, 580, “L-Dwarf Binaries in the 20- Sample”

Rest, A., Matheson T., … Smith, R.C., Olsen, K., … Damke, G., Newman, A., et al. 2008, ApJ, 680, 1137, “Spectral Identification of an Ancient Supernova Using Light Echoes in the Large Magellanic Cloud”

Sana, H., et al. 2008, MNRAS, 386, 447, “The Massive Star Binary Fraction in Young Open Clusters – I. NGC 6231 Revisited”

Shaw R.A., Rest, A., Damke, G., Smith, R.C., et al. 2007, ApJ, 669, L25, “The Unusual Variability of the Large Magellanic Cloud Planetary Nebula RPJ 053059-683542”

Sehgal, N., et al. 2008, ApJ, 673, 163, “Probing the Relation Between X-Ray-Derived and Weak-Lensing- Derived Masses for Shear-Selected Galaxy Clusters. I. A781”

Silverman, J.D., … Jannuzi, B.T., Smith, M.G., et al. 2008, ApJ, 679, 118, “The Luminosity Function of X- Ray-Selected Active Galactic Nuclei: Evolution of Supermassive Black Holes at High Redshift”

Smith, A.G., et al. 2008, AJ, 136, 358, “The Phoenix Deep Survey: Extremely Red Galaxies and Cluster Candidates”

Smith Castelli, A.V., et al. 2008, MNRAS, 386, 2311, “Galaxy Populations in the Antlia Cluster – I. Photometric Properties of Early-Type Galaxies”

Smith, R.J., Lucey, J.R., Hudson, M.J. 2007, MNRAS, 381, 1035, “A Deep AAOmega Survey of Low- Luminosity Galaxies in the Shapley : Stellar Population Trends”

Springob, C.M., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 599, “SFI++. II. A New I-Band Tully-Fisher Catalog, Derivation of Peculiar velocities, and Data Set Properties”

Stubbs, C.W., … Smith, R.C., et al. 2007, PASP, 119, 1163, “Toward More Precise Survey Photometry for PanSTARRS and LSST: Measuring Directly the Optical Transmission Spectrum of the Atmosphere”

Subasavage, J.P., et al. 2007, ASP Conf. 372, ed. R. Napiwotzki, M.R. Burleigh (ASP), 53, “Identifying and Characterizing New Nearby White Dwarfs”

Subasavage, J.P. 2007, PASP, 119, 1345, “White Dwarfs in the Solar Neighborhood”

Subasavage, J.P., et al. 2008, AJ, 136, 899, “The Solar Neighborhood. XX. Discovery and Characterization of 21 New Nearby White Dwarf Systems”

Sullivan, D.J., et al. 2008, MNRAS, 387, 137, “Whole Earth Telescope Observations of the Hot Helium Atmosphere Pulsating White Dwarf EC 20058-5234”

Taylor, B.J., Joner, M.D., Jeffery, E.J. 2008, ApJS, 176, 262, “Cousins Photometry and Temperatures for the Hyades, Coma, NGC 752, Praesepe, and M67”

Thompson, H.M.A., et al. 2008, MNRAS, 383, 729, “Iron Abundances from Optical Fe III Absorption Lines in B-Type Stellar Spectra”

E-5 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

Tokovinin, A. 2007, RevMexAA, 31, 61, “Turbulence Profiles from the Scintillation of Stars, Planets, and Moon”

Tokovinin, A., Kornilov, V. 2007, MNRAS, 381, 1179, “Accurate Seeing Measurements with MASS and DIMM”

Tokovinin, A., Kellerer, A., Coudé Du Foresto, V. 2008, A&A, 477, 671, “FADE, an Instrument to Measure the Atmospheric Coherence Time”

Treuthardt, P., Salo, H., Rautiainen, P., Buta, R. 2008, AJ, 136, 300, “The Bar Pattern Speed of NGC 1433 Estimated Via Sticky-Particle Simulations”

Trippe, M.L., Crenshaw, D.M., Deo, R., Dietrich, M. 2008, AJ, 135, 2048, “Long-Term Variability in the Optical Spectrum of the NGC 2992”

Updike, A.C., et al. 2008, ApJ, 685, 361, “The Rapidly Flaring Afterglow of the Very Bright and Energetic GRB 070125”

Vásquez, R.A., et al. 2008, ApJ, 672, 930, “Spiral Structure in the Outer Galactic Disk. I. The Third ”

Vennes, S., Kawka, A., Smith, J.A. 2007, ApJ, 668, L59, “CPD -20 1123 (Albus 1) is a Bright He-B Subdwarf”

Vuissoz, C., et al. 2008, A&A, 488, 481, “COSMOGRAIL: The COSmological MOnitoring of GRAvitational Lenses VII. Time Delays and the Hubble Cosntant from WFI J2033-4723”

Wakker, B.P., et al. 2008, ApJ, 672, 298, “Distances to Galactic High-Velocity Clouds. I. Cohen Stream, Complex GCP, Cloud g1”

Wang, X., et al. 2008, ApJ, 675, 626, “Optical and Near-Infrared Observations of the Highly Reddened, Rapidly Expanding Type Ia Supernova SN 2006X in M100”

Williams, S.J., et al. 2008, ApJ., 682, 492, “Dynamical Masses for the Large Magellanic Cloud Massive Binary System [L72] LH 54-425”

Winkler, P.F., Petre, R. 2007, ApJ, 670, 635, “Direct Measurement of Recoil in the Oxygen-Rich Supernova Remnant Puppis A”

Wisniewski, J.P., Bjorkman, K.S., Bjorkman, J.E., Clampin, M. 2007, ApJ, 670, p.1331, “Discovery of a New Dusty B[e] Star in the Small Magellanic Cloud”

Wisniewski, J.P., et al. 2007, ApJ, 671, p.2040, “The Role of Evolutionary Age and Metallicity in the Formation of Classical Be Circumstellar Disks. II. Assessing the Evolutionary Nature of Candidate Disk Systems”

Woo, J-H. 2008, AJ, 135, 1849, “Mg II Line Variability of High-Luminosity Quasars”

Yoon, J.H., et al. 2008, ApJS, 176, 414, “A Spectrophotometric Search for Galaxy Clusters in SDSS”

E-6 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES

Telescopes at Kitt Peak National Observatoryg

Abt, H.A. 2008, ApJS, 176, 216, “Visual Multiples. IX. MK Spectral Types”

Abt, H.A. 2008, ApJS, 174, 499, “New Data on A-type Disk Stars”

Aird, J., et al. 2008, MNRAS, 387, 883, “The X-ray Luminosity Function of AGN at z ~ 3”

Allen, T.S., et al. 2008, ApJ, 675, 491, “Spitzer, Near-Infrared, and Submillimeter Imaging of the Relatively Sparse Young Cluster, Lynds 988e”

Anderson, S.F., et al. 2008, AJ, 135, 2108, “Two More Candidate AM Canum Venaticorum (am CVn) Binaries from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey”

Assef, R.J., … Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2008, ApJ, 676, 286, “Low-resolution Spectral Templates for Galaxies from 0.2 to 10 μm”

Barkhouse, W.A., Yee, H.K., Lopez-Cruz, O. 2007, ApJ, 671, 1471, “The Luminosity Function of Low- redshift Abell Galaxy Clusters”

Brady S., et al. 2008, PASP, 120, 301, “The Eclipsing Cataclysmic Variable Lanning 386: Dwarf Nova, SW Sextantis Star, or Both?”

Brand, K., … Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2008, ApJ, 680, 119, “Spitzer Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy of Distant X-Ray Luminous Active Galactic Nuclei”

Brand, K., … Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2008, ApJ, 673, 119, “Spitzer Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy of 70 μm-Selected Distant Luminous Infrared Galaxies”

Brodwin, M., et al. 2007, ApJ, 671, L93, “Galaxy Cluster Correlation Function to z~1.5 in the IRAC Shallow Cluster Survey”

Brown, M.J.I., … Dey, A., Jannuzi, B.T., … Brodwin, M., et al. 2008, ApJ, 682, 937, “Red Galaxy Growth and the Halo Occupation Distribution”

Bubar, E.J., et al. 2007, AJ, 134, 2328, “Keck HIRES Spectroscopy of Candidate Post-T Tauri Stars”

Campbell, R.K., Harrison, T.E., Kafka, S. 2008, ApJ, 683, 409, “Cyclotron Modeling Phase-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy of Polars. III. AM Herculis and ST Leo Minoris”

Campbell, R.K., … Howell, S., et al. 2008, ApJ, 678, 1304, “Cyclotron Modeling Phase-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy of Polars. II. EQ Ceti, AN Ursa Majoris, and VV Puppis”

Cargile, P.A., Stassun, K.G., Mathieu, R.D. 2008, ApJ, 674, 329, “Discovery of Par 1802 as a Low-mass, Pre- main-Sequence Eclipsing Binary in the Orion Star-Forming Region”

g Author Name in bold = NOAO scientific staff member; Author Name underlined = Undergraduate student in Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) program

E-7 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

Carraro, G., et al. 2008, MNRAS, 386, 1625, “The Old Open Cluster NGC 2112: Updated Estimates of Fundamental Parameters Based on a Membership Analysis”

Casetti-Dinescu, D.I., et al. 2008, AJ, 135, 2013, “Kinematics of Stars in Kapteyn Selected Area 71: Sampling the and Sagittarius Tidal Streams”

Casey, C.M., et al. 2008, ApJS, 177, 131, “Optical Selection of Faint Active Galactic Nuclei in the COSMOS Field”

Chavarría, L.A., et al. 2008, ApJ, 682, 445, “Spitzer Observations of the Massive Star-Forming Complex S254-S258: Structure and Evolution”

Chen, L., de Grijs, R., Zhao, J.L. 2007, AJ, 134, 1368, “Mass Segregation in Very Young Open Clusters: A Case Study of NGC 2244 and NGC 6530”

Chiu, K., et al. 2008, MNRAS, 385, L53, “Four Faint T Dwarfs from the UKIRT Infrared Deep Sky Survey (UKIDSS) Southern Stripe”

Chou, M.-Y., … Cunha, K., Smith, V.V., et al. 2007, ApJ, 670, 346, “A 2MASS All-Sky View of the Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy. V. Variation of the Metallicity Distribution Function along the Sagittarius Stream”

Clark, D.M., Eikenberry, S.S., Raines, S.N. 2008, A Population Explosion: The Nature & Evolution of X-Ray Binaries in Diverse Enivronments, eds. R.M. Bandyopadhyay, et al. (AIP), 339, “The Environment of X-Ray Binaries in the Dwarf NGC 1569”

Croft, S., … Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B., et al. 2008, AJ, 135, 1793, “Radio-Loud High-Redshift Protogalaxy Candidates in BOÖTES”

Currie, T., et al. 2008, ApJ, 672, 558, “The Rise and Fall of Debris Disks: MIPS Observations of h and χ Persei and the Evolution of Mid-IR Emission from Planet Formation”

Currie, T., et al. 2007, ApJ, 669, L33, “Discovery of Gas Accretion onto Stars in 13-Myr-Old h and χ Persei”

Davies, B., et al. 2007, ApJ, 671, 781, “A Massive Cluster of Red Supergiants at the Base of the Scutum-Crux Arm”

Dawson, S., … Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2007, ApJ, 671, 1227, “A Luminosity Function of Lyα- Emitting Galaxies at z ~ 4.5”

Dellenbusch, K.E., Gallagher, J.S., Knezek, P.M., Noble, A.G. 2008, AJ, 135, 326, “Deep Optical Imaging of Starbursting ‘Transition’ Dwarf Galaxies”

Delorme, P., et al. 2008, A&A, 484, 469, “Finding Ultracool Brown Dwarfs with MegaCam on CFHT: Method and First Results”

de Mello, D.F., et al. 2008, AJ, 135, 548, “Star Formation in the H i Bridge Between M81 and M82”

Desai, V., … Dey, A., Jannuzi, B.T., … Brand, K., … Brodwin, M., et al. 2008, ApJ, 679, 1204, “Redshift Distribution of Extragalactic 24 μm Sources”

Desharnais, S., et al. 2008, ApJ, 672, 540, “FUSE Observations of Heavy Elements in the Photospheres of Cool DB White Dwarfs”

E-8 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES

Devine, K.E., et al. 2008, AJ, 135, 2095, “A WIYN Near-Infrared Investigation of Three Massive Star- Forming Regions”

Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B.T., … Brodwin, M., et al. 2008, ApJ, 677, 943, “A Significant Population of Very Luminous Dust-obscured Galaxies at Redshift z ~ 2”

Dilday, B., et al. 2008, ApJ, 682, 262, “A Measurement of the Rate of Type Ia Supernovae at Redshift z ~ 0.1 from the First Season of the SDSS-II Supernova Survey”

Drake, J.J., et al. 2008, ApJ, 679, 1522, “X-Ray Spectroscopic Signatures of the Extended Corona of FK Comae”

Eisenhardt, P.R.M., Brodwin, M., … Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2008, ApJ, 684, 905, “Clusters of Galaxies in the First Half of the Universe from the IRAC Shallow Survey”

Elebert, P., et al. 2008, MNRAS, 383, 1581, “Optical Photometry and Spectroscopy of the Accretion-Powered HETE J1900.1 – 2455”

Erwin, P., Pohlen, M., Beckman, J.E. 2008, AJ, 135, 20, “The Outer Disks of Early-Type Galaxies. I. Surface- brightness Profiles of Barred Galaxies”

Fadda, D., et al. 2008, ApJ, 672, L9, “Starburst Galaxies in Cluster-feeding Filaments Unveiled by Spitzer”

Fadda, D., et al. 2007, ASP Conf. 380, eds. J. Afonso, et al. (ASP), 507, “Spitzer Observations of Galaxy Clusters”

Fekel, F.C., Hinkle, K.H., Joyce, R.R., et al. 2008, AJ, 136, 146, “Infrared Spectroscopy of Symbiotic Stars. VI. Combined Orbits for Two S-type Systems: V455 Scorpii and SS 73-90”

Fekel, F.C., Bolton, C.T. 2007, AJ, 134, 2079, “Chromospherically Active Stars. XXVI. The Double-Lined Late-Type Binary HD 19485 = WZ Arietis”

Fisher, D.B., Drory, N. 2008, AJ, 136, 773, “The Structure of Classical Bulges and Pseudobulges: The Link Between Pseudobulges and SÉRSIC Index”

Forte, J.C., Faifer, F., Geisler, D. 2007, MNRAS, 382, 1947, “A Quantitative Link between Globular Clusters and the Stellar Haloes in Elliptical Galaxies”

Frasca, A., Kovari, Z., Strassmeier, K.G., Biazzo, K. 2008, A&A, 481, 229, “Chromospheric Features of LQ Hydrae from Hα Line Profiles”

Frieman, J.A., et al. 2008, AJ, 135, 338, “The Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II Supernova Survey: Technical Summary”

Frinchaboy, P.M., Majewski, S.R. 2008, AJ, 136, 118, “Open Clusters as Galactic Disk Tracers. I. Project Motivation, Cluster Membership, and Bulk Three-Dimensional Kinematics”

Gal-Yam, A., Maoz, D., Guhathakurta, P., Filippenko, A.V. 2008, ApJ, 680, 550, “Supernovae in Low- redshift Galaxy Clusters: Observations by the Wise Observatory Optical Transient Search (WOOTS)”

García-Díaz, M.T., Henney, W.J., López, J.A., Doi, T. 2008, RevMexAA, 44, 181, “Velocity Structure in the . II. Emission Line Atlas of Partially Ionized to Fully Ionized Gas”

E-9 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

Geller, A.M., Mathieu, R.D., Harris, H.C., McClure, R.D. 2008, AJ, 135, 2264, “WIYN Open Cluster Study. XXXII. Stellar Radial Velocities in the Old Open Cluster NGC 188”

Gies, D.R., et al. 2008, ApJ, 682, L117, “A Spectroscopic Orbit for Regulus”

Gies, D.R., … Howell, S.B., et al. 2008, ApJ, 678, 1237, “Stellar Wind Variations During the X-Ray High and Low States of -1”

Gilbert, K.M., et al. 2007, ApJ, 668, 245, “ in the Complicated Inner Spheroid of M31: Discovery of Substructure along the Southeastern Minor Axis and Its Relationship to the Giant Southern Stream”

Gorjian, V., … Brand, K., … Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2008, ApJ, 679, 1040, “The Mid-infrared Properties of X-Ray Sources”

Hennawi, J.F., et al. 2008, AJ, 135, 664, “A New Survey for Giant Arcs”

Henry, R.B., Kwitter, K.B., Dufour, R.J., Skinner, J.N. 2008, ApJ, 680, 1162, “A Multiwavelength Analysis of the Halo Planetary Nebula DdDm-1”

Hernández, J., et al. 2007, ApJ, 671, 1784, “Spitzer Observations of the Orion OB1 Association: Disk Census in the Low-mass Stars”

Herrmann, K.A., Ciardullo, R., Feldmeier, J.J., Vinciguerra, M. 2008, ApJ, 683, 630, “Planetary Nebulae in Face-on Spiral Galaxies. I. Planetary Nebula Photometry and Distances”

Hickox, R.C., … Brodwin, M., … Jannuzi, B.T., Dey, A., Brand, K., et al. 2007, ApJ, 671, 1365, “A Large Population of Mid-infrared-selected, Obscured Active Galaxies in the Boötes Field”

Horch, E.P., et al. 208, AJ, 136, 312, “Charge-coupled Device Speckle Observations of Binary Stars with the WIYN Telescope. V. Measures During 2001-2006”

Horner, D.J., et al. 2008, ApJS, 176, 374, “The WARPS Survey. VII. The WARPS-II Cluster Catalog”

Houck, J.R. Weedman, D.W., Le Floc’h, E., Hao, L. 2007, ApJ, 671, 323, “Spitzer Spectra of a 10 mJy Galaxy Sample and the Star Formation Rate in the Local Universe”

Howell, S.B., et al. 2008, ApJ, 685, 418, “‘Dark Matter’ in Accretion Disks”

Huang, W., Gies, D.R. 2008, ApJ, 683, 1045, “Stellar Rotation in Field and Cluster B Stars”

Hwang, H.S., et al. 2008, ApJ, 674, 869, “The Globular Cluster System of M60 (NGC 4649). II. Kinematics of the Globular Cluster System”

Imai, K., et al. 2008, ApJ, 683, 45, “Number Density Evolution of Ks-band-selected High-redshift Galaxy Populations in the AKARI North Ecliptic Pole Field”

Inada, N., et al. 2008, AJ, 135, 496, “The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Quasar Lens Search. II. Statistical Lens Sample from the Third Data Release”

Jacobson, H.R., Friel, E.D., Pilachowski, C.A. 2008, AJ, 135, 2341, “Abundances of Red Giants in Old Open Clusters. III. NGC 7142”

E-10 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES

Joner, M.D., Taylor, B.J. 2007, PASP, 119, 1093, “The Consistency of Strömgren-β Photometry for Northern Galactic Clusters. IV. Praesepe Revisited and the Pleiades”

Kasliwal, M.M., et al. 2008, ApJ, 684, 34, “A Comparison of Weak-lensing Measurements from Ground- and Space-based Facilities”

Kennicutt, R.C., et al. 2007, ApJ, 671, 333, “Star Formation in NGC 5194 (M51a). II. The Spatially Resolved Star Formation Law”

Khiabanian, H., Dell’Antonio, I.P. 2008, ApJ, 684, 794, “A Multiresolution Weak-lensing Mass Reconstruction Method”

Kim, S.C., et al. 2007, Groups of Galaxies in the Nearby Universe, eds. I. Saviane, V.D. Ivanov, J. Borissova (ESO), 41, “Globular Clusters in M31 and the Local Group”

Kiminki, D.C., McSwain, M.V., Kobulnicky, H.A. 2008, ApJ, 679, 1478, “New Massive Binaries in the Cygnus OB2 Association”

Kobulnicky, H.A., Fryer, C.L. 2007, ApJ, 670, 747, “A New Look at the Binary Characteristics of Massive Stars”

Koopmann, R.A., et al. 2008, ApJ, 682, L85, “A 500 kpc H I Extension of the Virgo Pair NGC 4532/DDO 137 Detected by the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA (ALFALFA) Survey”

Korhonen, H., et al. 2007, A&A, 476, 881, “Study of FK Comae Berenices. V. Spot Evolution and Detection of Surface ”

Kovac, K., et al. 2007, ApJ, 668, 15, “Clustering of Lyα Emitters at z ~ 4.5”

Kuzio de Naray, R., McGaugh, S.S., de Blok, W.J. 2008, ApJ, 676, 920, “Mass Models for Low Surface Brightness Galaxies with High-Resolution Optical Velocity Fields”

Landt, H., et al. 2008, ApJ, 676, 87, “A Search for Synchrotron X-Ray Emission in Radio Quasars”

Lane, B.F., et al. 2007, ApJ, 669, 1209, “The Orbits of the Quadruple Star System 88 Tauri A from PHASES Differential Astrometry and Radial Velocity”

Lee, M.G., et al. 2008, ApJ, 682, 135, “Washington CCD Photometry of the Globular Cluster System of the Giant Elliptical Galaxy M60 in Virgo”

Lee, M.G., et al. 2008, ApJ, 674, 857, “The Globular Cluster System of M60 (NGC 4649). I. Canada-France- Hawaii Telescope MOS Spectroscopy and Database”

Lee, M.G., et al. 2008, ApJ, 674, 886, “Wide-Field Survey of Globular Clusters in M31. II. Kinematics of the Globular Cluster System”

Leighly, K.M., Halpern, J.P., Jenkins, E.B., Casebeer, D. 2007, ApJS, 173, 1, “The Intrinsically X-Ray-Weak Quasar PHL 1811. II. Optical and UV Spectra and Analysis”

Lépine, S., Rich, R.M., Shara, M.M. 2007, ApJ, 669, 1235, “Revised Metallicity Classes for Low-Mass Stars: Dwarfs (dM), Subdwarfs (sdM), Extreme Subdwarfs (esdM), and Ultrasubdwarfs (usdM)”

E-11 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

Li, J.Z., et al. 2008, ApJ, 679, L101, “The Rosette Eye: The Key Transition Phase in the Birth of a Massive Star”

Liu, C.T., et al. 2008, ApJ, 672, 198, “The Faint-End Slopes of Galaxy Luminosity Functions in the COSMOS Field”

Leon, S., et al. 2008, A&A, 485, 475, “The AMIGA Sample of Isolated Galaxies. VI. Radio Continuum Properties of Isolated Galaxies: A Very Radio-Quiet Sample”

Lucey, J.R., et al. 2007, ASP Conf. 379, eds. N. Metcalfe and T. Shanks (ASP), 117, “Age-Dating the Red Sequence in Low-Redshift Clusters”

Mahadevan, S., et al. 2008, PASP, 120, 1001, “An Inexpensive Field-Widened Monolithic Michelson Interferometer for Precision Radial Velocity Measurements”

Mahadevan, S., et al. 2008, ApJ, 678, 1505, “Measuring Stellar Radial Velocities with a Dispersed Fixed- Delay Interferometer”

Majewski, S.R., et al. 2007, ApJ, 670, L9, “Discovery of Andromeda XIV: A Dwarf Spheroidal Dynamical Rogue in the Local Group?”

Margoniner, V.E., Wittman, D.M. 2008, ApJ, 679, 31, “Photometric Redshifts and Signal-to-Noise Ratios”

Margutti, R., et al. 2007, A&A, 474, 815, “The Host Galaxy of GRB 031203: A New Spectroscopic Study”

Mason, B.D. 2007, ASP Conf. 367, eds. N. St. Louis and A.F. Moffat (ASP), 27, “O Type and Other Hot Binaries: Current Statistics of the USNO Database”

Massey, P., … Olsen, K.A.G., … Smith, R.C., Strong, S.B., et al. 2007, AJ, 134, 2474, “A Survey of Local Group Galaxies Currently Forming Stars. III. A Search for Luminous Blue Variables and Other Hα Emission- Line Stars”

Matthews, L.D., Uson, J.M. 2008, AJ, 135, 291, “H I Imaging Observations of Superthin Galaxies. II. Ic 2233 and the Blue Compact Dwarf NGC 2537”

Mazzuca, L.M., Swaters, R.A., Veilleux, S., Knapen, J.H. 2008, ASP Conf. 390, eds. J.H. Knapen, T.J. Mahoney, A. Vazdekis (ASP), 139, “A Consistent Picture of Gas Kinematics within Nuclear Rings”

Melbourne, J., … Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2008, AJ, 136, 1110, “Morphologies of High-Redshift Dust-Obscured Galaxies from Keck Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics”

Myers, A.D., et al. 2008, ApJ, 678, 635, “Quasar Clustering at 25 h-1 kpc from a Complete Sample of Binaries”

Onken, C.A., et al. 2007, ApJ, 670, 105, “The Black Hole Mass of NGC 4151: Comparison of Reverberation Mapping and Stellar Dynamical Measurements”

Orosz, J.A., et al. 2007, Nature, 449, 872, “A 15.65-Solar-Mass Black Hole in an Eclipsing Binary in the Nearby Spiral Galaxy M 33”

Paladino, R., et al. 2008, A&A, 485, 679, “Correlation of the Radio Continuum, Infrared, and CO Molecular Emissions in NGC 3627”

E-12 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES

Penny, S.J., Conselice, C.J. 2008, MNRAS, 383, 247, “Keck Spectroscopy of the Faint Population in the Perseus Cluster Core: Mixed Stellar Populations and a Flat Luminosity Function”

Peterson, D.E., et al. 2008, ApJ, 685, 313, “New Young Brown Dwarfs in the Orion Molecular Cloud 2/3 Region”

Polletta, M., et al. 2008, ApJ, 675, 960, “Obscuration in Extremely Luminous Quasars”

Prescott, M.K., Kashikawa, N., Dey, A., Matsuda, Y. 2008, ApJ, 678, L77, “The Overdense Environment of a Large Lyα Nebula at z ~ 2.7”

Prescott, M.K., et al. 2007, ApJ, 668, 182, “The Incidence of Highly Obscured Star-Forming Regions in SINGS Galaxies”

Raiteri, C.M., et al. 2007, A&A, 473, 819, “WEBT and XMM-Newton Observations of 3C 454.3 during the Post-outburst Phase. Detection of the Little and Big Blue Bumps”

Reid, I.N., et al. 2008, AJ, 136, 1290, “Meeting the Cool Neighbors. X. Ultracool Dwarfs from the 2MASS All-Sky Data Release”

Rest, A., … Olsen, K., Smith, R.C., … Damke, G., … Matheson, T., et al. 2008, ApJ, 681, L81, “Scattered- light Echoes from the Historical Galactic Supernovae Cassiopeia A and Tycho (SN 1572)”

Rhode, K.L., Zepf, S.E., Kundu, A., Larner, A.N. 2007, AJ, 134, 1403, “Global Properties of the Globular Cluster Systems of Four Spiral Galaxies”

Roederer, I.U., et al. 2008, ApJ, 679, 1549, “The Hobby-Eberly Telescope Chemical Abundances of Stars in the Halo (CASH) Project. I. The Lithium-, s-, and r-enhanced Metal-Poor Giant HKII 17435-00532”

Rogel, A.B., Cohn, H.N., Lugger, P.M. 2008, ApJ, 675, 373, “Modeling the Galactic CV Distribution for the ChaMPlane Survey”

Román-Zúñiga, C.G., Elston, R., Ferreira, B., Lada, E.A. 2008, ApJ, 672, 861, “A FLAMINGOS Deep Near- Infrared Imaging Survey of the Rosette Complex. I. Identification and Distribution of the Embedded Population”

Rosenberg, J.L., et al. 2008, ApJ, 674, 814, “Dust Properties and Star Formation Rates in Star-Forming Dwarf Galaxies”

Rubin, K.H., Williams, K.A., Bolte, M., Koester, D. 2008, AJ, 135, 2163, “The White Dwarf Population in NGC 1039 (M34) and the White Dwarf Initial-Final Mass Relation”

Rudie, G.C., Fesen, R.A., Yamada, T. 2008, MNRAS, 384, 1200, “The ’s Dynamical Age as Measured from its Northern Filamentary Jet”

Sako, M. 2008, AJ, 135, 348, “The Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II Supernova Survey: Search Algorithm and Follow-up Observations”

Sandberg Lacy, C.H., Torres, G., Claret, A. 2008, AJ, 135, 1757, “Absolute Properties of the Main-Sequence Eclipsing Binary Star GX Geminorum: Constraints on Convective Core Overshooting”

E-13 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

Sehgal, N., et al. 2008, ApJ, 673, 163, “Probing the Relation between X-Ray-Derived and Weak-Lensing- Derived Masses for Shear-Selected Galaxy Clusters. I. A781”

Silverman, J.D., … Jannuzi, B.T., Smith, M.G., et al. 2008, ApJ, 679, 118, “The Luminosity Function of X- Ray-Selected Active Galactic Nuclei: Evolution of Supermassive Black Holes at High Redshift”

Sitko, M.L., et al. 2008, ApJ, 678, 1070, “Variability of Disk Emission in Pre-main-sequence and Related Stars. I. HD 31648 and HD 163296: Isolated Herbig Ae Stars Driving Herbig-Haro Flows”

Smolčić, V., et al. 2008, ApJS, 177, 14, “A New Method to Separate Star-Forming from AGN Galaxies at Intermediate Redshift: The Submillijansky Radio Population in the VLA-COSMOS Survey”

Snow, T.P., Destree, J.D., Welty, D.E. 2008, ApJ, 679, 512, “A Study of the ρ Ophiuchi Cloud: Mapping the Distribution and the Motions of Interstellar Gas”

Sparke, L.S., van Moorsel, G., Erwin, P., Wehner, E.M. 2008, AJ, 135, 99, “NGC 2655: From Inner Polar Ring to Outer Shells and Tails”

Spitler, L.R., et al. 2008, MNRAS, 385, 361, “The Connection between Globular Cluster Systems and Their Host Galaxy and Environment: A Case Study of the Isolated Elliptical NGC 821”

Springob, C.M., et al. 2007, ApJS, 172, 599, “SFI++. II. A New I-band Tully-Fisher Catalog, Derivation of Peculiar Velocities, and Data Set Properties”

Stark, M.A., et al. 2008, AJ, 135, 991, “A New, Bright, Short-period Emission Line Binary in Ophiuchus”

Stassun, K.G., et al. 2008, Nature, 453, 1079, “Surprising Dissimilarities in a Newly Formed Pair of ‘Identical Twin’ Stars”

Steinfadt, J.D., Bildsten, L., Howell, S.B. 2008, ApJ, 677, L113, “Discovery of the Partially Eclipsing White Dwarf Binary SDSS J143547.87+373338.5”

Strassmeier, K.G., Bartus, J., Fekel, F.C., Henry, G.W. 2008, A&A, 485, 233, “The Chromospherically Active, Triple, Ellipsoidal, and Eclipsing Binary HD 6286 = BE Piscium: A Laboratory for Binary Evolution”

Swift, J.J., Welch, W.J., 2008, ApJS, 174, 202, “A Case Study of Low-Mass Star Formation”

Szkody, P., … Howell, S.B., et al. 2008, ApJ, 683, 967, “GALEX, Optical, and Infrared Light Curves of MQ Dra: UV Excesses at Low Accretion Rates”

Taylor, B.J., Joner, M.D., Jeffery, E.J. 2008, ApJS, 176, 262, “Cousins Photometry and Temperatures for the Hyades, Coma, NGC 752, Praesepe, and M67”

Teig, M., Smecker-Hane, T., Hood, M. 2007, ASP Conf. 374, eds. A. Vallenari, et al. (ASP), 283, “Separating M33 Red Giants from Foreground MW Dwarfs”

Thilker, D.A., et al. 2007, ApJS, 173, 572, “Ultraviolet and Infrared Diagnostics of Star Formation and Dust in NGC 7331”

Tomkin, J., Fekel, F.C. 2008, AJ, 135, 555, “New Precision Orbits of Bright Double-Lined Spectroscopic Binaries. II. Hr 2962, HD 214686, and 16 PSC”

E-14 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES

Tran, K.-V., et al. 2008, ApJ, 683, L17, “The Late Stellar Assembly of Massive Cluster Galaxies via Major Merging”

Trevese, D., et al. 2008, A&A, 477, 473, “Optical Spectroscopy of Active Galactic Nuclei in SA57” van Eymeren, J., Bomans, D.J., Weis, K., Dettmar, R.-J. 2007, A&A, 474, 67, “Outflow or Galactic Wind: The Fate of Ionized Gas in the Halos of Dwarf Galaxies”

Verheijen, M., et al. 2007, ApJ, 668, L9, “WSRT Ultradeep Neutral Hydrogen Imaging of Galaxy Clusters at z ~ 0.2: A Pilot Survey of Abell 963 and Abell 2192”

Vieira, K., et al. 2007, AJ, 134, 1432, “Proper Motions in the Galactic Bulge: Plaut’s Window”

Wang, J., et al. 2008, ApJ, 675, 464, “A Chandra Study of the Rosette Star-Forming Complex. I. The Stellar Population and Structure of the Young Open Cluster NGC 2244”

Wehner, E.H., Gallagher, J.S., Rudie, G.C., Cigan, P.J. 2007, Groups of Galaxies in the Nearby Universe, eds. I. Saviane, V.D. Ivanov, J. Borissova (ESO), 291, “II Zwicky 23 and Family”

Welty, D.E. 2007, ApJ, 668, 1012, “Monitoring the Variable Interstellar Absorption toward HD 219188 with Hubble Space Telescope STIS”

Westmoquette, M.S., Smith, L.J., Gallagher, J.S. 2008, MNRAS, 383, 864, “Studying the Galactic Outflow in NGC 1569”

Williams, R., et al. 2008, ApJ, 677, 1100, “Independent Emission and Absorption Abundances for Planetary Nebulae”

Willott, C.J., et al. 2007, AJ, 134, 2435, “Four Quasars above Redshift 6 Discovered by the Canada-France High-z Quasar Survey”

Zheng, C., et al. 2008, AJ, 135, 1766, “First-Year Spectroscopy for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II Supernova Survey”

E-15 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

Gemini Telescopes (NOAO Gemini Science Center)g

Abraham, R.G., et al., 2007, ApJ, 669, 184, “The Gemini Deep Deep Survey: VIII. When Did Early-type Galaxies Form?”

Bary, J.S., et al., 2008, ApJ, 678, 1088, “Quiescent H2 Emission from Pre-Main-Sequence Stars in Chamaeleon I”

Berger, E., et al., 2008, ApJ, 673, 1080, “Simultaneous Multiwavelength Observations of Magnetic Activity in Ultracool Dwarfs. I. The Complex Behavior of the M8.5 Dwarf TVLM 513-46546”

Berger, E., et al., 2008, ApJ, 676, 1307, “Simultaneous Multiwavelength Observations of Magnetic Activity in Ultracool Dwarfs. II. Mixed Trends in VB 10 and LSR 1835+32 and the Possible Role of Rotation”

Blondin, S., … Damke, G., … Matheson, T., … Rest, A., … Smith, R.C., et al., ApJ, 682, 724, “Time Dilation in Type Ia Supernova Spectra at High Redshift”

Bolton, A.S., Burles, S., 2007, New Journal of Physics, 9, 443, “An Integral-Field Spectroscopic Strong Lens Survey”

Brittain, S. … Hinkle, K.H., et al., 2007, ApJ, 670, L29, “Post-Outburst Observations of V1647 Ori: Detection of a Brief Warm, Molecular Outflow”

Bronder, T.J., et al., 2007, A&A, 477, 717, “SNLS Spectroscopy: Testing for Evolution in Type Ia Supernovae”

Carlberg, R.G., et al., 2008, ApJ, 682, L25, “Clustering of Supernova Ia Host Galaxies”

Cenko, S.B., et al., 2008, ApJ, 677, 441, “GRB 070125: The First Long-Duration Gamma-Ray Burst in a Halo Environment”

Chary, R., Berger, E., Cowie, L., 2007, ApJ, 671, 272, “Spitzer Observations of Gamma-ray Burst Host Galaxies: A Unique Window into High-redshift chemical Evolution and Star Formation”

Cunha, K., … Smith, V.V., … Blum, R.D., …, 2007, ApJ, 669, 1011, “Chemical Abundances of Luminous Cool Stars in the Galactic Center from High-Resolution Infrared Spectroscopy”

Cunha, K., Smith, V.V., Gibson, B. K., 2008, ApJ, 679, L17, “Fluorine Abundances in the Milky Way Bulge”

Decin, L., … Hinkle, K.H., et al., 2008, A&A, 484, 401, “Probing the Mass-Loss History of the Unusual Mira Variable R Hya through Its Infrared CO Wind”

Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B.T., … Brodwin, M., et al., 2008, ApJ, 677, 943, “A Significant Population of Very Luminous Dust-Obscured Galaxies at Redshift z ~ 2”

Díaz-Santos, T., et al, 2008, ApJ, 685, 211, “Understanding the 8 μm versus Paα Relationship on Subarcsecond Scales in Luminous Infrared Galaxies”

g Author Name in bold = NOAO scientific staff member; Author Name underlined = Undergraduate student in Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) program

E-16 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES

Fekel, F.C., Hinkle, K.H., Joyce, R.R., et al., 2008, AJ, 136, 146, “Infrared Spectroscopy of Symbiotic Stars. VI. Combined Orbits for Two S-Type Systems: V455 SCORPII and SS 73-90”

Foley, R.J., … Matheson, T., …Rest, A., … Smith, R.C., … Susntzeff, N.B., et al., 2008, ApJ, 684, 68, “Constraining Cosmic Evolution of Type Ia Supernovae”

Graham, M.L., et al., 2008, AJ, 135, 1343, “Type Ia Supernovae Rates and Galaxy Clustering from the CFHT ”

Greene, T.P., Aspin, C., Reipurth, B., 2008, AJ, 135, 1421, “High-Resolution Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of FUors and FUor-Like Stars”

Harker, D.E., et al., 2007, Icarus, 190, 432, “Gemini-N Mid-IR Observations of the Dust Properties of the Ejecta Excavated from Comet 9P/Tempel 1 during Deep Impact”

Hicks, A.K., et al., 2007, ApJ, 671, 1446, “A Multiwavelength Analysis of the Strong Lensing Cluster RCS 022434-0002.5 at z = 0.778”

Hillwig, T.C., Gies, D.R., 2008, ApJ, 676, L37, “Spectroscopic Observations of the Mass Donor Star in SS 433”

Hinkle, K.H., … Joyce, R.R., Ridgway, S., et al., 2008, A&A, 479, 817, “Imaging ejecta from the final flash star V605 Aquilae”

Jeltema, T.E., Mulchaey, J.S., Lubin, L.M., 2008, ApJ, 685, 135, “RX J1648.7+6109: Witnessing the Formation of a Massive Group/Poor Cluster and Its Brightest Galaxy”

Kasliwal, M.M., et al.., 2008, ApJ, 678, 1127, “GRB 070610: A Curious Galactic transient”

Kriek, M., et al., 2008, ApJ, 682, 896, “The Detection of a Red Sequence of Massive Field Galaxies at z ~ 2.3 and its Evolution to z ~ 0”

Kriek, M., … Rudnick, G., et al., 2007, ApJ, 669, 776, “The Origin of Line Emission in Massive z ~ 2.3 Galaxies: Evidence for Cosmic Downsizing of AGN Host Galaxies”

Kriek, M., … Rudnick, G., et al., 2008, ApJ, 677, 219, “A Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Survey of K-Selected Galaxies at z ~ 2.3: Redshifts and Implications for Broadband Photometric Studies”

Lafrenière, D., et al., 2007, ApJ, 670, 1367, “The Gemini Deep Planet Survey—GDPS”

Lebzelter, T., … Hinkle, K.H., et al., 2008, A&A, 486, 511, “AGB Stars of the Intermediate-Age LMC Cluster NGC 1846. II. Dredge Up along the AGB”

Leggett, S.K., Saumon, D., Albert, L., 2008, ApJ, 682, 1256, “HN Peg B: A Test of Models of the L to T Dwarf Transition”

Leonard, D.C., 2007, ApJ, 670, 1275, “Constraining the Type Ia Supernova Progenitor: The Search for Hydrogen in Nebular Spectra”

Levan, A.J., et al., 2008, MNRAS, 384, 541, “On the Nature of the Short-Duration GRB 050906”

Luhman, K.L., 2007, ApJS, 173, 104, “The Stellar Population of the Chamaeleon I Star-forming Region”

E-17 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

Luhman, K.L., et al., 2008, ApJ, 675, 1375, “The Disk Population of the Chamaeleon I Star-Forming Region”

Marchis, F., et al., 2008, Icarus, 196, 97, “Main Belt Binary Asteroidal Systems with Circular Mutual Orgits”

Marchis, F., et al., 2008, Icarus, 195, 295, “Main Belt Binary Asteroidal Systems with Eccentric Mutual Orbits”

Marois, C., Lafreniere, D., Macintosh, B., Doyon, R., 2008, ApJ, 673, 647, “Confidence Level and Sensitivity Limits in High-Contrast Imaging”

Melendez, J., … Cunha, K., … Smith, V.V., et al., 2008, A&A, 484, L21, “Chemical Similarities between Galactic Bulge and Local Thick Disk Red Giant Stars”

Morokuma, T., et al., 2008, ApJ, 676-163, “The Subaru/XMM-Newton Deep Survey (SXDS) - V. Optically Faint Variable Object Survey”

Mothé-Diniz, T., Nesvorny, D., 2008, A&A, 486, L9, “Visible Spectroscopy of Extremely Young Asteroid Families”

Orosz, J.A., … Macri, L., et al., 2007, Nature, 449, 872, “A 15.65-Solar-Mass Black Hole in an Eclipsing Binary in the Nearby Spiral Galaxy M 33”

Racusin, J.L., et al., 2008, Nature, 455, 183, “Broadband Observations of the Naked-Eye γ-ray Burst GRB 080319B”

Radomski, J.T., et al., 2008, ApJ, 681, 141, “Gemini Imaging of Mid-Infrared Emission from the Nuclear Region of A”

Rauch, M., et al., 2008, ApJ, 681, 856, “A Population of Faint Extended Line Emitters and the Host Galaxies of Optically Thick QSO Absorption Systems”

Rest, A., Matheson, T., … Smith, R.C., Olsen, K., … Damke, G., et al., 2008, ApJ, 680, 1137, “Spectral Identification of an Ancient Supernova Using Light Echoes in the LMC”

Reynolds, M.T., Callanan, P.J., Robinson, E.L., Froning, C.S., 2008, MNRAS, 387, 788, “Infrared Contamination in Galactic X-ray Novae”

Rol, E., et al., 2007, ApJ, 669, 1098, “GRB 051022: Physical Parameters and Extinction of a Prototype Dark Burst”

Schawinski, K., et al., 2008, Science, 321, 223, “Supernova Shock Breakout from a Red Supergiant”

Smith, N., 2008, Nature, 455, 201, “A Blast Wave from the 1843 Eruption of ”

Sundqvist, J.O., et al, 2008, A&A, 486, 985, “MgI Emission Lines at 12 and 18 μm in K Giants”

Trilling, D.E., et al., 2007, Icarus, 192, 442, “Albedos and Diameters of Three Mars Trojan Asteroids”

Van de Steene, G.C., et al., 2008, A&A, 480, 775, “Kinematics and H2 Morphology of the Multipolar Post- AGB Star IRAS 16594-4656”

Welch, D.L., et al., 2007, ApJ, 669, 525, “An Extremely Bright Echo Associated with SN 2002hh”

E-18 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES

Wisniewski, J.P., Clampin, M., Bjorkman, K.S., Barry, R.K., 2008, ApJ, 683, L171, “High Spatial Resolution Mid-IR Imaging of V838 Monocerotis: Evidence of New Circumstellar Dust Creation”

Wolff, S.C., Strom, S.E., Cunha, K., … Olsen, K., et al., 2008, AJ, 136, 1049, “Rotational Velocities for Early-type Stars in the Young Large Magellanic Cloud Cluster R136: Further Study of the Relationship between Rotation Speed and Density in Star-forming Regions”

Yoachim, P., Dalcanton, J.J., 2008, ApJ, 682, 1004, “The Kinematics of Thick Disks in Nine External Galaxies”

E-19 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

W.S. Keck Observatory: Keck I and II¼

Dawson, S., … Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2007, ApJ, 671, 1227, “A Luminosity Function of Lyα- emitting Galaxies at z ~ 4.5”

Fischer, D.A., et al. 2007, ApJ, 669, 1336, “Five Intermediate-period Planets from the N2K Sample”

Johnson, J.A., et al. 2007, ApJ, 670, 833, “A New Planet around an M Dwarf: Revealing a Correlation between Exoplanets and Stellar Mass”

Monnier, J.D., et al. 2008, ApJ, 681, L97, “Discovery of a Circumbinary Disk around Herbig Ae/Be System V892 Tauri”

Noyes, R.W., et al. 2008, ApJ, 673, L79, “HAT-P-6b: A Hot Jupiter Transiting a Bright F Star”

Pál, A., et al. 2008, ApJ, 680, 1450, “HAT-P-7b: An Extremely Hot Massive Planet Transiting a Bright Star in the Kepler Field”

Robinson, S.E., et al. 2007, ApJ, 670, 1391, “Two Jovian-Mass Planets in Earthlike Orbits”

Wakker, B.P., et al. 2007, ApJ, 670, L113, “Distances to Galactic High-Velocity Clouds: Complex C”

HET and MMT¼

Burke, C.J., et al. 2007, ApJ, 671, 2115, “XO-2b: Transiting Hot Jupiter in a Metal-Rich Common Binary”

Cargile, P.A., Stassun, K.G., Mathieu, R.D. 2008, ApJ, 674, 329, “Discovery of Par 1802 as a Low-Mass, Pre- main-sequence Eclipsing Binary in the Orion Star-Forming Region”

Izotov, Y.I., Thuan, T.X., Guseva, N.G. 2007, ApJ, 671, 1297, “Broad-Line Emission in Low-Metallicity Blue Compact Dwarf Galaxies: Evidence for Stellar Wind, Supernova, and Possible AGN Activity”

Johns-Krull, C.M., et al. 2008, ApJ, 677, 657, “XO-3b: A Massive Planet in an Eccentric Orbit Transiting an F5 V Star”

Massey, P., … Olsen, K.A.G., … Smith, R.C., Strong, S.B., et al. 2007, AJ, 134, 2474, “A Survey of Local Group Galaxies Currently Forming Stars. III. A Search for Luminous Blue Variables and Other Hα Emission- Line Stars”

Rupke, D.S., Veilleux, S., Baker, A.J. 2008, ApJ, 674, 172, “The Oxygen Abundances of Luminous and Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies”

¼ Time allocation from Telescope System Instrumentation Program (TSIP) award or Facilities Instrumentation Program (FIP).

E-20 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES

NOAO Science Archive

Assef, R.J., … Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2008, ApJ, 676, 286, “Low-Resolution Spectral Templates for Galaxies from 0.2 to 10 μm”

Brand, K., … Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2008, ApJ, 680, 119, “Spitzer Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy of Distant X-Ray Luminous Active Galactic Nuclei”

Brand, K., … Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2008, ApJ, 673, 119, “Spitzer Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy of 70 μm-Selected Distant Luminous Infrared Galaxies”

Brodwin, M., et al. 2007, ApJ, 671, L93, “Galaxy Cluster Correlation Function to z~1.5 in the IRAC Shallow Cluster Survey”

Brown, M.J.I., … Dey, A., Jannuzi, B.T., … Brodwin, M., et al. 2008, ApJ, 682, 937, “Red Galaxy Growth and the Halo Occupation Distribution”

Croft, S., … Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B., et al. 2008, AJ, 135, 1793, “Radio-Loud High-Redshift Protogalaxy Candidates in BOÖTES”

Dawson, S., … Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2007, ApJ, 671, 1227, “A Luminosity Function of Lyα- Emitting Galaxies at z ~ 4.5”

Desai, V., … Dey, A., Jannuzi, B.T., … Brand, K., … Brodwin, M., et al. 2008, ApJ, 679, 1204, “Redshift Distribution of Extragalactic 24 μm Sources”

Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B.T., … Brodwin, M., et al. 2008, ApJ, 677, 943, “A Significant Population of Very Luminous Dust-Obscured Galaxies at Redshift z ~ 2”

Eisenhardt, P.R.M., Brodwin, M., … Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2008, ApJ, 684, 905, “Clusters of Galaxies in the First Half of the Universe from the IRAC Shallow Survey”

Gorjian, V., … Brand, K., … Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2008, ApJ, 679, 1040, “The Mid-Infrared Properties of X-Ray Sources”

Hickox, R.C., … Brodwin, M., … Jannuzi, B.T., Dey, A., Brand, K., et al. 2007, ApJ, 671, 1365, “A Large Population of Mid-Infrared-Selected, Obscured Active Galaxies in the Boötes Field”

Houck, J.R. Weedman, D.W., Le Floc’h, E., Hao, L. 2007, ApJ, 671, 323, “Spitzer Spectra of a 10 mJy Galaxy Sample and the Star Formation Rate in the Local Universe”

Kovac, K., et al. 2007, ApJ, 668, 15, “Clustering of Lyα Emitters at z ~ 4.5”

Melbourne, J., … Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2008, AJ, 136, 1110, “Morphologies of High-Redshift Dust-Obscured Galaxies from Keck Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics”

Polletta, M., et al. 2008, ApJ, 675, 960, “Obscuration in Extremely Luminous Quasars”

E-21 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

Prescott, M.K., Kashikawa, N., Dey, A., Matsuda, Y. 2008, ApJ, 678, L77, “The Overdense Environment of a Large Lyα Nebula at z ~ 2.7”

Rosenberg, J.L., et al. 2008, ApJ, 674, 814, “Dust Properties and Star Formation Rates in Star-Forming Dwarf Galaxies”

E-22

APPENDIX F OBSERVING PROGRAMS AND INVESTIGATORS SEMESTERS 2008 A/B

Annual Summary Data U.S. Observing Programs for Semesters 2008 A/B

Number of U.S. observing programs scheduled on NOAO telescopes 420 (includes programs under TSIP/FIP on private telescopes)†

Number of U.S. investigators (PIs + Co-Is) associated with approved 894 observing programs (excl. NOAO scientific staff)

Number of Ph.D. thesis observers 82

Number of non-thesis graduate students 72

Number of discrete institutions represented 151

Number of U.S. states represented (including District of Columbia) 40

States of Origin of U.S. Investigators of Approved Observing Programs for Semesters 2008A/B (Excludes NOAO Scientific Staff) 2 9 NH 5 0 0 3 8 VT 2 54 MA 0 25 26 0 3 6 30 RI 0 26 23 2 22 24 CT 0 NJ 0 31 27 185 18 0 3 0 21 DE 6 7 84 5 4 MD 76 2 9 2 19 11 DC 10 0 4

35 7 0 41 Investigators by State 0 to 1, 11 21 1 to 4, 8 HI 4 to 10, 11 10 to 25, 9 25 to 185, 12

† Top 10 institutions with the most unique investigators (not including NOAO staff) among the 2008A/B observing programs: University of Arizona; Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Space Telescope Science Institute; California Institute of Technology, University of California, Berkeley, and University of Florida (tied); University of Wisconsin, Madison; University of Texas, Austin; Johns Hopkins University and Yale University (tied); Spitzer Science Center and University of Maryland (tied), Indiana University; University of Hawai′i.

F-1 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

NOAO GEMINI SCIENCE CENTER

ƒ Gemini North and Gemini South. The U.S. community has access to approximately 40% of the science time on each of the 8-m Gemini telescopes.

Semester 2008A

Gemini Telescopes—2008A—Scheduled NGSC Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs) + Tel. Nights

M. Agueros (Columbia U.), S. Anderson (U. of Washington), B. Margon (UC Santa Cruz), B. GEM-NQ 0.1 Posselt (Observatoire de Strasbourg, France), W. Voges (Max-Planck Institute für extraterrestrische Physik): “Deep Imaging of a Candidate Isolated Neutron Star”

T. Beers, US Lead Scientist for T. Beers (Michigan State U.), J. Norris (Austalian National U.), GEM-K 2 C. Allende Prieto (U. Texas), W. Aoki (National Astronomical Observatory, Japan), M. Asplund (Max Planck Institute fur Astrophysik), M. Bessell (Australian National University), N. Christlieb (Uppsala U.), A. Frebel (U. Texas), J. Johnson (Ohio State U.), J. Melendez (Australian National U.), C. Sneden (U. Texas), D. Yong (Australian National University): “A dedicated northern search for the first stars”

T. Beers, US Lead Scientist for T. Dall, K. Labrie, A. Nitta (Gemini Observatory), T. Beers GEM-NQ 4 (Michigan State U.), C. Allende Prieto, L. Koesterke (U. of Texas, Austin), H. Bruntt, L. Kiss (U. of Sydney), T. Arentoft (University of Aarhus), P. Amado (Instituto Astrofisco de Andalucia), M. Baes (Universiteit Gent), E. Depagne (Las Cumbres Observatory), M. Fernandez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia), C. Foellmi (University of Grenoble), V. Ivanov, G. Lo Curto, L. Monaco, K. O’Brien, J. Pritchard (ESO), L. Sarro (Universidad Complutense Madrid), I. Saviane, J. Scharwaechter, L. Schmidtobreick, O. Schuetz (ESO), A. Seifahrt (AIU), F. Selman (ESO), M. Stefanon (Universitat de Valencia), M. Sterzik (ESO): “VSOP: Fixing the Variable Sky with One-Shot Typing of Neglected Variables”

T. Beers, US Lead Scientist for T. Dall, K. Labrie, A. Nitta (Gemini Observatory), T. Beers GEM-SQ 9 (Michigan State U.), C. Allende Prieto, L. Koesterke (U. of Texas, Austin), H. Bruntt, L. Kiss (U. of Sydney), T. Arentoft (University of Aarhus), P. Amado (Instituto Astrofisco de Andalucia), M. Baes (Universiteit Gent), E. Depagne (Las Cumbres Observatory), M. Fernandez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia), C. Foellmi (University of Grenoble), V. Ivanov, G. Lo Curto, L. Monaco, K. O’Brien, J. Pritchard (ESO), L. Sarro (Universidad Complutense Madrid), I. Saviane, J. Scharwaechter, L. Schmidtobreick, O. Schuetz (ESO), A. Seifahrt (AIU), F. Selman (ESO), M. Stefanon (Universitat de Valencia), M. Sterzik (ESO): “VSOP: Fixing the Variable Sky with One-Shot Typing of Neglected Variables”

J. Bloom (UC Berkeley), H. Chen (U. of Chicago), J. Prochaska (UC Santa Cruz), K. GEM-NQ 1.2 Glazebrook (Swinburne U.), S. Lopez (Universidad de Chile), R. Foley (UC Berkeley), M. Pettini (University of Cambridge), P. Hall (York University), A. Bunker (University of Exeter), D. Perley, M. Modjaz, D. Poznanski (UC Berkeley), C. Bailyn, B. Cobb (Yale U.), D. York (U. of Chicago), E. Ramirez-Ruiz (UC Santa Cruz), D. Kocevski, N. Butler (UC Berkeley): “Rapid Spectroscopy and Imaging Follow-up of Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows (Gemini North)”

J. Bloom (UC Berkeley), H. Chen (U. of Chicago), J. Prochaska (UC Santa Cruz), K. GEM-SQ 0.2 Glazebrook (Swinburne U.), S. Lopez (Universidad de Chile), R. Foley (UC Berkeley), M. Pettini (University of Cambridge), P. Hall (York University), A. Bunker (University of Exeter), D. Perley, M. Modjaz, D. Poznanski (UC Berkeley), C. Bailyn, B. Cobb (Yale U.), D. York (U. of Chicago), E. Ramirez-Ruiz (UC Santa Cruz), D. Kocevski, N. Butler (UC Berkeley): “Rapid Spectroscopy and Imaging Follow-up of Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows (Gemini South)”

+ Abbreviations and symbols: GEM-NQ = Gemini N Queue; GEM-SQ = Gemini S Queue; GEM-N = Gemini N classical; GEM-S = Gemini S classical; GEM-K = Gemini/Keck time exchange; GEM-Su = Gemini/Subaru time exchange; * = poor weather program; (T) = Thesis student; (G) = Graduate student; (U) = Undergraduate; (O) = Other

F-2 OBSERVING PROGRAMS AND INVESTIGATORS SEMESTERS 2008 A/B

Gemini Telescopes—2008A—Scheduled NGSC Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs) + Tel. Nights

C. Bridge, H. Teplitz (SSC), B. Siana (CalTech-JPL), J. Colbert (SSC): “Determining Escape GEM-NQ 2.6 Fractions in Lyman Break Galaxy Analogs at Intermediate Redshifts”

M. Brodwin (NOAO), A. Gonzalez (U. of Florida), P. Eisenhardt (CalTech-JPL), A. Stanford GEM-NQ 2 (UC Davis), D. Stern (CalTech-JPL), C. Kochanek (Ohio State U.), R. Cool (G) (U. of Arizona), J. Song (U. of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), A. Dey, B. Jannuzi (NOAO): “Galaxy Cluster Velocity Dispersions for a Complete Sample of Massive Clusters at 0 < z < 1.5”

M. Brown (California Institute of Technology), C. Trujillo (Gemini Observatory), D. Ragazzine GEM-NQ 0.53 (California Institute of Technology): “The Formation and Evolution of a Collisional System in the Kuiper Belt”

R. Chandar (U. of Toledo), P. Goudfrooij (STScI), B. Miller (Gemini Observatory), K. Olsen GEM-NQ 3 (CTIO), T. Puzia (Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics), A. Seth (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), B. Whitmore (STScI): “Lamp Posts in the Dark: Globular Clusters as Tracers of the Halo in M101”

D. Clowe (Ohio U.), A. Gonzalez (U. of Florida), M. Markevitch (Harvard-Smithsonian Center GEM-Su 1 for Astrophysics), D. Zaritsky (U. of Arizona): “Beyond the Bullet: Direct Detection of Dark Matter in Merging Galaxy Clusters”

J. Cook, C. Olkin, L. Young (Southwest Research Institute): “Searching for Gaseous CO in GEM-SQ 2 Pluto’s Atmosphere”

J. Cook, C. Olkin (Southwest Research Institute), A. Verbiscer (U. of Virginia), R. Mastrapa GEM-NQ 0.27 (SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center): “Measuring N2 Ice on Charon”

K. Cunha, V. Smith (CTIO), G. Doppmann (NOAO): “Chemical Enrichment History of the GEM-SQ 3 Galaxy: Probing Abundance Gradients in the Inner Bulge”

K. Cunha, V. Smith (CTIO), S. Majewski, R. Munoz (G) (U. of Virginia): “Characterizing GEM-SQ 1.6 Abundances Patterns in Low Metallicity Red-Giants of the Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy”

R. Curran (Dublin Institute of Advanced Studies), A. Chrysostomou (UKIRT), E. Whelan, T. GEM-S 2 Ray (Dublin Institute of Advanced Studies), F. Bacciotti, D. Coffey (Osservatorio Astrosico di Arcetri), P. Garcia (Universidade do Porto): “A New Way of Establishing YSO Disk Rotation: Spectroastrometry of the CO Bandhead”

K. Davidson (U. of Minnesota), J. Martin (U. of Illinois, Springfield), R. Humphreys (U. of GEM-SQ 0.5 Minnesota), F. Hamann (U. of Florida), G. Ferland (U. of Kentucky), K. Ishibashi (Northwest Research Associates, Inc.): “Eta Carinae’s Continuing Instability and Recovery—The 2009 ‘Event’”

D. de Mello, US Lead Scientist for C. Oliveira (IAGUSP), D. de Mello (G) (NASA Goddard GEM-SQ 0.32 Space Flight Center), K. Freeman (Research School of Astronomy & Astrophysics), O. Gerhard (G) (Max-Planck-Institut fuer extraterrestrische Physik), M. Arnaboldi (ESO), S. Torres Flores (IAGUSP): “Stars Outside Galaxies: A Census of Intergalactic HII Regions in the Tidal Debris of Mergers”

R. de Propris (CTIO), W. Couch, A. Butler (G) (Swinburne U.), M. Pracy (MSSSO), C. Harrison GEM-NQ 3 (CTIO): “The Masses of ‘Butcher-Oemler’ Galaxies: Dwarfs or Giants?”

G. Duchene (UC Berkeley), T. Beck (Gemini Observatory), N. Grosso (Observatoire de GEM-NQ 0.43 Strasbourg, France), C. McCabe (CalTech-JPL), F. Menard (LAOG), C. Pinte (University of Exeter): “Water Ice Self-absorption in Three Ophiuchus Edge-on Disks”

J. Eisner (UC Berkeley), J. Monnier, C. Espaillat (G), N. Calvet (U. of Michigan): “Resolving GEM-SQ 2.5 Large Inner Disk Clearings with TReCS”

F-3 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

Gemini Telescopes—2008A—Scheduled NGSC Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs) + Tel. Nights

R. Finn (Siena College), G. Rudnick (NOAO), V. Desai (California Institute of Technology), D. GEM-SQ 2.09 Zaritsky (U. of Arizona), B. Poggianti (Universita degli Studi di Padova), B. Milvang-Jensen (University of Copenhagen): “GMOS Spectroscopy of Cluster Galaxies 24 (Micron) Sources”

M. Fitzgerald (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory), P. Kalas, J. Graham (UC Berkeley): GEM-NQ 0.6 “Beyond SEDs—Measuring the Size and Morphology of Mid-IR Emission in Nearby Debris GEM-SQ 1.4 Disks”

R. Foley (G), G. Bower, S. Croft (UC Berkeley): “Optical Identification of Radio Transients GEM-NQ 2.2 Discovered by the Allen Telescope Array”

H. Ford, L. Bradley (Johns Hopkins U.), T. Broadhurst (Tel Aviv University), M. Postman GEM-NQ 1 (STScI), J. Jee, A. van der Wel (Johns Hopkins U.): “Spectroscopy of an Exceptionally Bright Candidate Galaxy at z~6 in Abell 1703”

A. Gal-Yam (Weismann Institute of Science), D. Leonard (San Diego State U.), D. Fox GEM-NQ 0.1 (Pennsylvania State U.): “Identifying Progenitors of Core-Collapse Supernovae”

K. Gebhardt, US Lead Scientist for T. Bridges (Queen’s University), M. Beasley (Instituto de GEM-NQ 0.57 Astrofisica de Canarias), F. Faifer (U. Nacional de la Plata), D. Forbes (Swinburne U.), J. Forte (U. Nacional de la Plata), K. Gebhardt (U. of Texas, Austin), D. Hanes (Queen’s University), M. Norris, R. Sharples (University of Durham), S. Zepf (Michigan State U.): “Globular Clusters as Probes of Galaxy Formation: NGC 4649”

J. Graham, US Lead Scientist for J. Patience (University of Exeter), J. Graham (UC Berkeley), B. GEM-NQ 0.6 Macintosh (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory), I. Song (IPAC), C. Marois (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory), R. Doyon (University of Montreal), D. Johnstone (Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics), M. Bessell (Australian National U.): “Resolving the A Star Binary Population with Gemini AO”

J. Hennawi (UC Berkeley), M. Gladders (U. of Chicago), P. Natarajan (Yale U.), M. Oguri GEM-NQ 3.3 (Stanford U.), B. Koester (U. of Chicago), H. Dahle (University of Oslo): “GMOS Spectroscopy of Giant Arcs Behind the Strongest Lenses in the Universe”

B. Hrivnak (Valparaiso U.), K. Volk (Gemini Observatory), S. Kwok (HKU): “Spatially- GEM-SQ 0.35 Resolved Spectroscopy of the 21 Micron Emission Feature in Proto-Planetary Nebulae”

B. Hrivnak (Valparaiso U.), N. Smith (UC Berkeley), K. Volk (Gemini Observatory): “The GEM-SQ 0.6 Shaping of Planetary Nebulae: H2 Kinematic Study of 4 Spatially-Resolved Proto-PN”

R. Hynes, K. Pearson, Y. Jung (G) (Louisiana State U.): “The Mass of the Neutron Star in UY GEM-SQ 1.35 Vol=EXO 0748-676”

N. Indriolo (G), B. McCall (U. of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), L. Hobbs (U. of Chicago), K. GEM-SQ 0.25 Hinkle (NOAO): “Metastable Helium as a Probe of the Cosmic-Ray Rate”

C. Johns-Krull (Rice U.), L. Prato (Lowell Observatory), M. Huerta (U. of Florida), P. Hartigan GEM-SQ 1.2 (Rice U.), D. Jaffe (U. of Texas, Austin): “A Young Exoplanet: Candidate to Detection”

A. Jordan, US Lead Scientist for E. Peng (Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics), D. McLaughlin GEM-SQ 1.15 (Keele University), A. Jordan (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), G. Trancho (Gemini Observatory), M. Takamiya (U. of Hawai′i), J. Blakeslee, P. Cote (Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics), R. Chandar (U. of Toledo), L. Ferrarese (Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics), P. Goudfrooij (STScI), M. Kissler-Patig (ESO), S. Mei (Observatoire de Paris), T. Puzia (Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics), M. West (ESO): “The Dark Matter Content of Early-Type Galaxies in the ACS Survey”

F-4 OBSERVING PROGRAMS AND INVESTIGATORS SEMESTERS 2008 A/B

Gemini Telescopes—2008A—Scheduled NGSC Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs) + Tel. Nights

A. Jordan, US Lead Scientist for E. Peng, T. Puzia (Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics), A. GEM-SQ 0.4 Jordan (ESO), P. Cote, L. Ferrarese (Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics): “Environment and the Formation of Dwarf Elliptical Galaxies: A Unified Study of Field Stars, Stellar Nuclei and Globular Clusters”

M. Lacy (SSC), E. Stanway (University of Bristol), K. Chiu, L. Douglas, L. Eyles (University of GEM-NQ 0.9 Exeter), A. Bunker (Anglo-Australian Observatory): “Redshifts for Spitzer-Detected Galaxies at z~6—Old Stars in the First Gyr”

M. Lacy (SSC), E. Stanway (University of Bristol), K. Chiu (University of Exeter), L. Douglas GEM-SQ 0.17 (University of Bristol), L. Eyles (University of Exeter), A. Bunker (Anglo-Australian Observatory): “Redshifts for Spitzer-Detected Galaxies at z~6: Old Stars in the First Gyr”

D. Lambert (U. of Texas, Austin), N. Rao (Indian Institute of Astrophysics), K. Hinkle (NOAO), GEM-SQ 1.3 D. Garcia-Hernandez (U. of Texas, Austin), K. Eriksson (Uppsala University): “Do Stars Evolve from White Dwarf Mergers?”

J. Lotz, US Lead Scientist for B. Miller (Gemini Observatory), W. Harris (McMaster U.), J. Lotz GEM-SQ 0.5 (NOAO): “Ages and of the Nuclei of Dwarf Elliptical Galaxies”

B. Macintosh, US Lead Scientist for C. Marois (Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics), B. GEM-NQ 1 Macintosh (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory), J. Patience (University of Exeter), R. Doyon (University of Montreal), B. Zuckerman (UCLA), I. Song (IPAC), D. Lafreniere (University of Toronto), T. Barman (Lowell Observatory): “Direct Exoplanet/Disk Search Around Young & Nearby Early-Type Stars; The International Deep Planet Survey (IDPS)”

T. Matheson (NOAO), L. Dessart (U. of Arizona), S. Blondin (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for GEM-NQ 1.2 Astrophysics), B. Leibundgut (ESO), D. Hillier (U. of Pittsburgh), R. Kirshner (Harvard- Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), B. Schmidt (Australian National U.), M. Hicken (G) (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics): “Constraining the Hubble Constant with a Type II Supernova”

M. Modjaz (UC Berkeley), T. Matheson (NOAO), R. Kirshner, S. Blondin (Harvard- GEM-NQ 0.97 Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), P. Mazzali (Max Planck Institut fur Astrophysik), E. Pian (INAF): “Revealing the Heart of the Explosion: Nebular-Phase Spectroscopy of Type I Supernovae”

M. Mueller (U. of Arizona), M. Delbo (Observatoire de la Cote d’Azur), D. Trilling, J. GEM-SQ 2 Stansberry (U. of Arizona), D. Hestroffer (IMCCE), M. Maris (Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste), J. Van Cleve (Ball Aerospace), G. Tozzi (INAF), P. Tanga (Observatoire de la Cote d’Azur), W. Thuillot (IMCCE): “A Midsummer Night’s Dream: Thermal Inertia of Oberon and Titania from Q-Band Observations of Eclipses”

C. Onken (Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics), M. Valluri (U. of Michigan), L. Ferrarese GEM-NQ 1.15 (Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics), B. Peterson, R. Pogge (Ohio State U.), M. Vestergaard (U. of Arizona): “Stellar Dynamics inside the Black Hole Sphere of Influence: The Reverberation- Mapped Seyfert Galaxy, NGC 4151”

C. Papovich (U. of Arizona), G. Rudnick (NOAO), E. Egami, M. Rieke (U. of Arizona), J. Rigby GEM-NQ 2.6 (Carnegie Institution of Washington), C. Willmer (U. of Arizona): “Survey of Pα in High Redshift Galaxies”

E. Perlman, M. Merlo (Florida Institute of Technology), C. Packham (U. of Florida), M. GEM-SQ 0.6 Birkinshaw (University of Bristol), J. Radomski (Gemini Observatory), D. Worrall (University of Bristol), M. Georganopoulos (U. of Maryland, Baltimore County): “High Resolution Mid-IR Imaging of Radio Galaxies”

F-5 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

Gemini Telescopes—2008A—Scheduled NGSC Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs) + Tel. Nights

E. Perlman, M. Merlo (Florida Institute of Technology), C. Packham (U. of Florida), M. GEM-NQ 0.6 Birkinshaw (University of Bristol), J. Radomski (Gemini Observatory), D. Worrall (University of Bristol), M. Georganopoulos (U. of Maryland, Baltimore County): “High Resolution Mid-IR Imaging of Radio Galaxies”

S. Perlmutter, US Lead Scientist for I. Hook (University of Oxford), R. Carlberg, D. Howell, K. GEM-NQ 1 Perrett (University of Toronto), C. Pritchet (University of Victoria), M. Sullivan (University of Oxford), R. McMahon (IoA, Cambridge), E. Walker (University of Oxford), G. Aldering (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), S. Perlmutter (UC Berkeley), R. Pain (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique), A. Conley (University of Toronto): “The Nature of Dark Energy from Type Ia Supernovae”

M. Perrin, G. Duchene (UC Berkeley), M. Fitzgerald (Lawrence Livermore National GEM-NQ 0.5 Laboratory), C. Marois (Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics): “Resolved Imaging of Two New Protoplanetary Disks around Young Fe Stars”

J. Prieto (G), K. Stanek (Ohio State U.), A. Bonanos (Carnegie Institution of Washington): GEM-NQ 1.1 “Accurate Parameters of a Massive Yellow Supergiant Eclipsing Binary in the Dwarf Galaxy Holmberg IX”

J. Rajagopal (NOAO), W. Danchi (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center): “NaSt1: Probing a GEM-SQ 0.45 Massive Star, Caught in Rare Transition, in the Mid Infrared”

D. Richstone (U. of Michigan), T. Lauer (NOAO), K. Gultekin (U. of Michigan), K. Gebhardt GEM-NQ 1 (U. of Texas, Austin), S. Faber (UC Santa Cruz), S. Tremaine (Institute for Advanced Study): “The Massive Black Hole in M87”

H. Roe (Lowell Observatory), E. Schaller (G) (California Institute of Technology--Div of Geo GEM-NQ 1 and Planetary Science), M. Brown (California Institute of Technology), C. Trujillo (Gemini Observatory): “Titan’s Methane Clouds: Seasonal Change and Surface Geology”

W. Romanishin (U. of Oklahoma), S. Tegler (Northern Arizona U.), W. Grundy (Lowell GEM-NQ 0.3 Observatory), D. Cornelison (Northern Arizona U.): “Methane and Nitrogen Stratigraphy on Surface of KBO (136472) 2005 FY9”

D. Sand, D. Zaritsky (U. of Arizona), C. Pritchet, H. Hoekstra, M. Graham (G) (University of GEM-NQ 0.4 Victoria), S. Sivinandam (G) (U. of Arizona): “Optical Spectroscopy of Hostless and Hosted Cluster Supernovae Candidates”

M. Sewilo (STScI), E. Churchwell (U. of Wisconsin Madison), S. Kurtz (UNAM), P. Hofner GEM-SQ 0.08 (NRAO): “Revealing the Nature of a Hypercompact HII Region G28.20-0.04 N”

N. Smith (UC Berkeley): “Dust in the SN1987A-analog SBW1 in Carina” GEM-SQ 0.6

N. Smith (UC Berkeley): “IR Variability of Eta Carinae” GEM-SQ 1.1

A. Soderberg (Princeton U.), M. Phillips, B. Madore, E. Persson (Carnegie Observatories), M. GEM-NQ 0.67 Hamuy (Universidad de Chile), N. Suntzeff (Texas A&M U.), W. Freedman (Carnegie Observatories): “Revealing the Progenitors of Type Ibc Supernovae through Near-IR Spectroscopy”

I. Song (IPAC), B. Zuckerman, J. Rhee, C. Melis (UCLA): “Terrestrial Planet Formation and GEM-SQ 0.7 Evolution around Sun-like Stars (Michelle Part)”

I. Song (IPAC), B. Zuckerman, C. Melis, J. Rhee (UCLA): “Terrestrial Planet Formation and GEM-NQ 0.8 Evolution around Sun-like Stars (Michelle Part)”

F-6 OBSERVING PROGRAMS AND INVESTIGATORS SEMESTERS 2008 A/B

Gemini Telescopes—2008A—Scheduled NGSC Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs) + Tel. Nights

D. Stern (CalTech-JPL), M. Brodwin (NOAO), M. Brown (Princeton U.), R. Cool (G) (U. of GEM-N 4 Arizona), A. Dey (NOAO), P. Eisenhardt (CalTech-JPL), A. Gonzalez (U. of Florida), V. Gorjian (CalTech-JPL), B. Jannuzi (NOAO), C. Kochanek (Ohio State U.): “A Statistical Sample of Mid-IR Selected AGN”

M. Sun, M. Donahue (Michigan State U.), C. Jones (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for GEM-SQ 0.25 Astrophysics), G. Voit (Michigan State U.): “Intracluster HII Regions and Star Formation”

J. Tobin (G), L. Hartmann (U. of Michigan): “Imaging the Inner Envelope Structure: The GEM-NQ 1.26 Scattered Light Window”

D. Turnshek, US Lead Scientist for D. Nestor (University of Cambridge), D. Turnshek (U. of GEM-NQ 0.8 Pittsburgh), B. Menard (CITA), M. Pettini (University of Cambridge), S. Rao (U. of Pittsburgh), A. Quider (U) (University of Cambridge): “The Nature of Ultra-strong MgII Absorber Galaxies”

U.S. Thesis Programs+

J. Andrews (T), G. Clayton (Louisiana State U.), D. Welch (McMaster U.), M. Barlow GEM-SQ 1.1 (University College London), B. Sugerman (Goucher College), M. Meixner (STScI): “Dust Formation in the Bright Type II SN 2007it”

M. Auger (T), C. Fassnacht (UC Davis): “Mass in the Centers of Galaxies” GEM-NQ 0.74

G. Blanc (T) (U. of Texas, Austin), P. Lira (Universidad de Chile), K. Gebhardt (U. of Texas, GEM-SQ 0.5 Austin), H. Francke (G) (Universidad de Chile), E. Gawiser (Rutgers U.), C. Gronwall (Pennsylvania State U.), P. Palunas (U. of Texas, Austin): “Integral Field Spectroscopy of Lyman Alpha Blobs in the Extended-CDFS”

S. Brittain, M. Troutman (T), B. Donehew (G) (Clemson U.): “Measuring CO in Herbig Ae/Be GEM-S 2 Stars”

L. Close, D. Apai, I. Pascucci, A. Skemer (T) (U. of Arizona): “Does the Young Planetary Mass GEM-SQ 2.5 Prototype Object Have an Edge-on Disk?”

R. Fesen, D. Milisavljevic (T) (Dartmouth College), C. Gerardy, P. Hoflich (Florida State U.), M. GEM-NQ 0.6 Modjaz (UC Berkeley): “The Mystery of the Double-Peaked Emission Lines in Late-Time Spectra of Core-Collapse SNe”

D. Gies, S. Caballero-Nieves (T) (Georgia State U.): “Binaries among the Most Massive Stars” GEM-NQ 2.5

F. Hamann, L. Simon (T), P. Rodriguez Hidalgo (U. Florida): “Quasar Metallicities and Host GEM-K 1 Galaxy Evolution”

L. Helton (T), C. Woodward (U. of Minnesota), A. Evans (Keele University): “The Evolving GEM-NQ 1.2 Classical Nova Eruption—Michelle Monitoring of Classical Novae”

J. Kennefick, S. Bursick (T) (U. of Arkansas), E. Monier (State University College at Brockport), GEM-SQ 0.3 M. Smith (CTIO), P. Osmer (Ohio State U.): “Spectroscopy of Faint z>4.8 Quasar Candidates from the BTC40 Survey”

T. Lebzelter (Universitat Wien (University of Vienna)), K. Hinkle (NOAO), M. Lederer (T) GEM-SQ 3 (Universitat Wien (University of Vienna)): “Nucleosynthesis and Dredge-up along the AGB”

+Abbreviations and symbols: GEM-NQ = Gemini N Queue; GEM-SQ = Gemini S Queue; GEM-N = Gemini N classical; GEM-S = Gemini S classical; GEM-K = Gemini/Keck time exchange; GEM-Su = Gemini/Subaru time exchange; * = poor weather program; (T) = Thesis student; (G) = Graduate student; (U) = Undergraduate; (O) = Other

F-7 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

Gemini Telescopes—2008A—Scheduled NGSC Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs) + Tel. Nights

T. Oka (U. of Chicago), T. Geballe (Gemini Observatory), N. Indriolo (T), B. McCall (U. of GEM-S 4 Illinois Urbana-Champaign), M. Goto (Max Planck Institut fur Astronomie): “Studies of Warm + and Diffuse Gas near the Galactic Center Using Infrared Spectra of H3 and CO”

M. Prescott (T) (U. of Arizona), N. Kashikawa (NAOJ), Y. Matsuda (U. of Kyoto), A. Dey GEM-Su 1 (NOAO): “Mapping the Large Scale Structure Surrounding a z~2.7 Lyman-Alpha Blob”

J. Werk (T), M. Putman (U. of Michigan), G. Meurer (Johns Hopkins U.), E. Ryan-Weber GEM-N 2 (University of Cambridge): “Gas Metallicity in the Far Outskirts of Galaxies” GEM-NQ 2.7

Semester 2008B

Gemini Telescopes—2008B—Scheduled NGSC Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs) + Tel. Nights

G. Aldering (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), M. Childress (G) (UC Berkeley), R. GEM-SQ 0.8 Thomas, P. Nugent, S. Bongard, S. Perlmutter (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory): “Host Galaxies of Hubble Flow Type Ia Supernovae”

S. Allam, H. Lin, D. Tucker, E. Buckley-Geer (FNAL): “SDSS Giant Arcs” GEM-NQ 2.49

J. Bally (U. of Colorado), N. Cunningham (U. of Nebraska), D. Field (University of Aarhus), R. GEM-NQ 2 Fisher (Gemini Observatory), D. Johnstone (Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics): “AO Imaging of the Explosive Orion OMC1 Outflow”

J. Bary, J. Leisenring, M. Skrutskie (U. of Virginia), G. Herczeg (California Institute of GEM-NQ 0.75 Technology): “A Variability Study of the 10 μm Silicate Feature in Actively Accreting T Tauri Systems”

T. Beck (STScI), J. Bary (U. of Virginia): “Spatially Resolving Molecular Hydrogen Emission in GEM-NQ 1.7 Planet-Forming Disks”

T. Beers, US Lead Scientist for T. Dall, K. Labrie, A. Nitta (Gemini Observatory), T. Beers GEM-SQ 1.63 (Michigan State U.), L. Koesterke (U. of Texas, Austin), H. Bruntt, L. Kiss (U. of Sydney), C. Allende Prieto (University College London), T. Arentoft (University of Aarhus), P. Amado (Instituto Astrofisco de Andalucia), M. Baes (Universiteit Gent), E. Depagne (Las Cumbres Observatory), M. Fernandez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia), C. Foellmi (University of Grenoble), V. Ivanov, G. Lo Curto, L. Monaco, K. O’Brien, J. Pritchard (ESO), L. Sarro (Universidad Complutense Madrid), I. Saviane, J. Scharwaechter, L. Schmidtobreick, O. Schuetz (ESO), A. Seifahrt (Astrophysical Institute and University), F. Selman (ESO), M. Stefanon (Universitat de Valencia), M. Sterzik (ESO): “VSOP: Fixing the Variable Sky with One-Shot Typing of Neglected Variables”

+ Abbreviations and symbols: GEM-NQ = Gemini N Queue; GEM-SQ = Gemini S Queue; GEM-N = Gemini N classical; GEM-S = Gemini S classical; GEM-K = Gemini/Keck time exchange; GEM-Su = Gemini/Subaru time exchange; * = poor weather program; (T) = Thesis student; (G) = Graduate student; (U) = Undergraduate; (O) = Other

F-8 OBSERVING PROGRAMS AND INVESTIGATORS SEMESTERS 2008 A/B

Gemini Telescopes—2008B—Scheduled NGSC Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs) + Tel. Nights

T. Beers, US Lead Scientist for T. Dall, K. Labrie, A. Nitta (Gemini Observatory), T. Beers GEM-NQ 3.8 (Michigan State U.), L. Koesterke (U. of Texas, Austin), H. Bruntt, L. Kiss (U. of Sydney), C. Allende Prieto (University College London), T. Arentoft (University of Aarhus), P. Amado (Instituto Astrofisco de Andalucia), M. Baes (Universiteit Gent), E. Depagne (Las Cumbres Observatory), M. Fernandez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia), C. Foellmi (University of Grenoble), V. Ivanov, G. Lo Curto, L. Monaco, K. O’Brien, J. Pritchard (ESO), L. Sarro (Universidad Complutense Madrid), I. Saviane, J. Scharwaechter, L. Schmidtobreick, O. Schuetz (ESO), A. Seifahrt (Astrophysical Institute and University), F. Selman (ESO), M. Stefanon (Universitat de Valencia), M. Sterzik (ESO): “VSOP: Fixing the Variable Sky with One-Shot Typing of Neglected Variables”

E. Berger, A. Soderberg (Princeton U.), D. Fox, A. Cucchiarra (Pennsylvania State U.): GEM-NQ 0.3 “Nebular-Phase Spectroscopy of the Extraordinary SN2008D: The First Supernova Observed from Start to Finish”

E. Berger (Princeton U.), B. Schmidt (Australian National U.), D. Fox (Pennsylvania State U.), S. GEM-SQ 0.73 Kulkarni (California Institute of Technology), K. Roth (Gemini Observatory), R. Rutledge (McGill University), P. Podsiadlowski (University of Oxford), M. Dopita (Australian National U.), A. Soderberg (Princeton U.), B. Cenko, A. Gal-Yam (California Institute of Technology), C. Wolf (University of Oxford), B. Cameron (California Institute of Technology), B. Penprase (Pomona College), E. Westra (Australian National U.): “Gamma-Ray Bursts: From Progenitors to Probes”

J. Bloom (UC Berkeley), H. Chen (U. of Chicago), J. Prochaska (UC Santa Cruz), K. GEM-NQ 1.5 Glazebrook (Swinburne U.), S. Lopez (Universidad de Chile), M. Pettini (University of Cambridge), P. Hall (York University), A. Bunker (Anglo-Australian Observatory), D. Perley, M. Modjaz, D. Poznanski (UC Berkeley), C. Bailyn, B. Cobb (Yale U.), E. Ramirez-Ruiz (UC Santa Cruz), N. Butler, A. Miller, J. Shiode (UC Berkeley): “Concerted Follow-up of Swift and GLAST GRBs (Gemini North)”

J. Cannon (Macalester College), H. Lee, J. Radomski (Gemini Observatory): “Embedded Star GEM-SQ 2 Formation Regions in the Dwarf Starburst Galaxy NGC 1705”

C. Chen (NOAO), M. Fitzgerald (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory): “Characterizing GEM-SQ 2.6 the Dusty Disk around the Nearby, Young Star HD 181327”

R. Ciardullo (Pennsylvania State U.), G. Jacoby (WIYN), J. Feldmeier (Youngstown State U.), GEM-NQ 3.3 K. Herrmann (G) (Pennsylvania State U.): “Planetary Nebulae and Chemical Evolution: Exploring Systematic Errors for Early Stellar Populations”

K. Cunha, V. Smith (NOAO), B. Davies (Rochester Institute of Technology): “Chemical GEM-SQ 1.5 Evolution at the Edge of the Bar: Abundances of Red Supergiants in the Massive Cluster Scutum-Crux”

J. Cybulski (G), K. Luhman (Pennsylvania State U.): “Spectroscopy of a Candidate T Dwarf GEM-NQ 0.25 from Spitzer”

K. Davidson (U. of Minnesota), J. Martin (U. of Illinois, Springfield), R. Humphreys (U. of GEM-SQ 2.75 Minnesota), F. Hamann (U. of Florida), G. Ferland (U. of Kentucky), K. Ishibashi (Northwest Research Associates, Inc.): “Eta Carinae’s Continuing Instability and Recovery—The 2009 Event”

G. Duchene (UC Berkeley), J. Bouvier (University of Grenoble), F. Allard (CRAL): “The GEM-NQ 0.65 Spectral Properties of Metal-Rich T dwarfs”

D. Erb (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), M. Pettini (University of Cambridge), A. GEM-Su 1 Shapley (UCLA), C. Steidel (California Institute of Technology): “Constraining Gas at High Redshift: Metallicities and Dynamical Masses of Galaxies at z~2”

F-9 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

Gemini Telescopes—2008B—Scheduled NGSC Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs) + Tel. Nights

C. Fassnacht (UC Davis), J. McKean (Max Planck Institut für Radioastronomie), M. Auger (G) GEM-NQ 0.3 (UC Davis), A. Mosquera (G) (Universitat de Valencia): “Evidence for Luminous CDM Substructure in a Moderate-Redshift Lensing Galaxy”

M. Fitzgerald (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory), P. Kalas, G. Duchene, J. Graham (UC GEM-SQ 0.8 Berkeley): “Beyond SEDs—Measuring the Size and Morphology of Mid-IR Emission in Nearby Debris Disks”

R. Foley (G), G. Bower, S. Croft, R. Chornock (UC Berkeley): “Optical Identification of Radio GEM-NQ 1.18 Transients Discovered by the Allen Telescope Array”

A. Fruchter, US Lead Scientist for A. Levan (University of Warwick), J. Hjorth (University of GEM-NQ 0.3 Copenhagen), A. Fruchter (STScI), N. Tanvir (University of Leicester), J. Graham (STScI), P. Jakobsson (University of Hertfordshire), J. Fynbo (University of Copenhagen), K. Svensson (G) (University of Warwick), D. Malesani (University of Copenhagen), K. Wiersema, E. Rol (University of Leicester): “Swift GRB Hosts at Known Redshift”

A. Fruchter, US Lead Scientist for N. Tanvir (University of Leicester), A. Levan (University of GEM-NQ 0.29 Hertfordshire), D. Reichart (U. of North Carolina), J. Graham, A. Fruchter (STScI), D. Bersier (Liverpool John Moores University), P. Jakobsson (University of Hertfordshire), P. O’Brien, E. Rol (University of Leicester), J. Rhoads (Arizona State U.), J. Hjorth (University of Copenhagen), A. Lacluyze (U. of North Carolina): “Rapid Observations of GRB Afterglows and their Hosts”

A. Gal-Yam (Weizmann Institute of Science), D. Leonard (San Diego State U.), D. Fox GEM-NQ 0.1 (Pennsylvania State U.): “Identifying Progenitors of Core-Collapse Supernovae”

T. Gebhardt, US Lead Scientist for T. Bridges (Queen’s University), M. Beasley (Instituto de GEM-SQ 0.38 Astrofísica de Canarias), F. Faifer (U. Nacional de la Plata), D. Forbes (Swinburne U.), J. Forte (U. Nacional de la Plata), K. Gebhardt (U. of Texas, Austin), D. Hanes (Queen’s University), M. Norris, R. Sharples (University of Durham), S. Zepf (Michigan State U.): “Globular Clusters as Probes of Galaxy Formation: The Isolated Elliptical NGC 720”

M. Giavalisco (U. Mass), E. Daddi (CEA), M. Dickinson (NOAO), E. Tundo (G), F. Bertola GEM-N 4 (Universita degli Studi di Padova), M. Mignoli (G), A. Cimatti (Universita degli Studi di Bologna): “Looking for Evidence of AGN Feedback in Massive Star-Forming Galaxies at z~2.5 Hosting Luminous Compton-Thick Nuclei”

J. Graham (G), A. Fruchter (STScI), L. Kewley (U. of Hawai′i), A. Levan (University of GEM-NQ 0.66 Hertfordshire): “Metallicity of a Dark Burst in a Very Bright Host”

L. Haberzettl, J. Lauroesch, G. Williger (U. of Louisville), K. Roth (Gemini Observatory), R. GEM-SQ 0.6 Dettmar, D. Bomans (Ruhr Universitat, Bochum): “Spectroscopy of an Extreme Low Surface Brightness Galaxy around the HDF- S”

C. Heinke (U. of Virginia), C. Deloye (Northwestern U.): “Constraining the Neutron Star Mass GEM-SQ 0.86 in SAX J1808.4-3658 through a Multicolor ”

T. Henry (Georgia State U.), J. Bean, A. Seifahrt (University of Goettingen): “Completing the GEM-NQ 0.3 NIR Empirical Mass-Luminosity Relationships for the Lowest-Mass Stars”

N. Kanekar, W. Wang (NRAO), J. Prochaska (UC Santa Cruz): “Measuring Star Formation GEM-NQ 1.14 Rates in Damped Lyman-alpha Systems”

M. Kassis (Keck), R. Shuping (USRA), M. Morris (UCLA), N. Smith (UC Berkeley), J. Bally GEM-NQ 1.15 (U. of Colorado): “Early Evolution of Photoevaporating Protoplanetary Disks: Mid-Infrared Spectra of the Orion Nebula Proplyds”

F-10 OBSERVING PROGRAMS AND INVESTIGATORS SEMESTERS 2008 A/B

Gemini Telescopes—2008B—Scheduled NGSC Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs) + Tel. Nights

A. Kong (Tsing Hua University), W. Lewin (MIT), R. Di Stefano (G) (Harvard-Smithsonian GEM-NQ 0.05 Center for Astrophysics): “X-ray Localization of the Globular Cluster G1 in M31”

T. Lebzelter (Universität Wien (University of Vienna)), K. Hinkle (NOAO), M. Lederer (G) GEM-S 3 (Universität Wien (University of Vienna)), O. Straniero (INAF), S. Uttenthaler (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven): “Fluorine Production in AGB Stars”

K. Luhman (Pennsylvania State U.): “Spectroscopy of Candidate Brown Dwarfs with Disks” GEM-NQ 0.71 GEM-SQ 1.05

K. Luhman (Pennsylvania State U.): “Searching for the Bottom of the Initial Mass Function” GEM-NQ 1.6

B. Macintosh, US Lead Scientist for C. Marois (Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics), B. GEM-NQ 1 Macintosh (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory), J. Patience (University of Exeter), T. Barman (Lowell Observatory), D. Lafreniere (University of Toronto), R. Doyon (University of Montreal), B. Zuckerman (UCLA), I. Song (IPAC): “Direct Exoplanet Search around Young & Nearby Early-Type Stars; Completing the First Epoch Observations of the International Deep Planet Survey (IDPS)”

B. Macinstosh, US Lead Scientist for J. Patience (University of Exeter), C. Marois (Herzberg GEM-NQ 0.61 Institute of Astrophysics), B. Macintosh (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory), J. Graham (UC Berkeley), I. Song (IPAC), R. Doyon (University of Montreal), M. Bessell (Australian National U.), D. Johnstone (Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics): “Resolving the A Star Binary Population with Gemini AO”

T. Matheson (NOAO), L. Dessart (Princeton U.), S. Blondin (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for GEM-NQ 1.2 Astrophysics), B. Leibundgut (ESO), D. Hillier (U. of Pittsburgh), R. Kirshner (Harvard- Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), B. Schmidt (Australian National U.), M. Hicken (G) (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics): “Constraining the Hubble Constant with a Type II Supernova”

T. Matheson (NOAO), R. Kirshner, S. Blondin (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), GEM-NQ 1.31 P. Mazzali (Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik), E. Pian (INAF), M. Modjaz (UC Berkeley): “Revealing the Heart of the Explosion: Nebular-Phase Spectroscopy of Type I Supernovae”

T. Matheson (NOAO), S. Blondin (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), N. Suntzeff GEM-NQ 1.75 (Texas A&M U.), R. Smith (CTIO), C. Stubbs, R. Kirshner (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for GEM-SQ 1.75 Astrophysics), A. Filippenko (UC Berkeley), P. Garnavich (U. of Notre Dame), A. Riess (STScI), J. Tonry (U. of Hawai′i), K. Krisciunas (Texas A&M U.), A. Clocchiatti (Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile), B. Leibundgut, J. Spyromilio (ESO), W. Li (UC Berkeley), G. Miknaitis (FNAL), S. Jha (Rutgers U.), J. Sollerman (University of Copenhagen), P. Challis (O) (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), A. Becker (U. of Washington), A. Rest, M. Wood-Vasey (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics): “Extending the ESSENCE Survey: Host Galaxies of High-Redshift Supernovae”

J. Maund (U. of Texas, Austin), S. Smartt (Queens U. Belfast), J. Wheeler (U. of Texas, Austin): GEM-NQ 0.42 “Stellar Forensics: A Post-Explosion View of the Progenitor of a Type IIP Supernova”

A. McConnachie, US Lead Scientist for A. McConnachie, S. Chapman (University of Victoria), GEM-NQ 0.4 R. Rich (UCLA), M. Irwin (University of Cambridge), G. Lewis (U. of Sydney), R. Ibata (Observatoire de Strasbourg), J. Penarrubia (University of Victoria): “The Destructive Path of NGC 205”

J. Melbourne (California Institute of Technology), L. Armus (SSC), J. Jensen (Gemini GEM-SQ 3.1 Observatory), J. Surace (SSC), J. Mazzarella (IPAC), A. Evans (SUNY, Stony Brook), J. Howell (SSC): “The Spatial Distribution of Warm Dust and PAH in Luminous Infrared Galaxies”

D. Merritt (Rochester Institute of Technology), T. Bergmann (UFRGS): “Kinematical Signatures GEM-NQ 0.25 of Recoiled Black Holes”

F-11 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

Gemini Telescopes—2008B—Scheduled NGSC Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs) + Tel. Nights

D. Norman (NOAO), P. Gomez (Gemini Observatory), I. Soechting (University of Oxford), J. GEM-SQ 0.8 Hughes (Rutgers U.), D. Wittman (UC Davis): “X-ray Selected AGN in a Merging Cluster Environment”

S. Oey, C. Kehrig (U. of Michigan), D. Schaerer (Observatoire de Geneve), P. Crowther GEM-N 3 (University of Sheffield): “Towards a Nebular He II Diagnostic for Starbursts”

K. Olsen, R. Blum (NOAO), A. Stephens (Gemini Observatory): “What is the Origin of M31’s GEM-NQ 1.34 10 kpc Ring?”

B. Peterson (Ohio State U.), K. Dasyra (IPAC), L. Ferrarese (Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics), GEM-NQ 0.4 P. Martini, R. Pogge (Ohio State U.), L. Tacconi (Max-Planck-Institute für extraterrestrische Physik), L. Watson (Ohio State U.): “The High Mass End of the Black Hole Mass—Stellar Velocity Dispersion Relation in AGNs: Calibrating the Quasar Mass Scale”

A. Rest (Harvard U.), M. Bergmann (Gemini Observatory), A. Becker (U. of Washington), S. GEM-NQ 1.5 Blondin, P. Challis (O) (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), A. Clocchiatti (Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile), K. Cook (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory), G. Damke (U) (CTIO), A. Garg (G) (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), M. Huber (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory), T. Matheson (NOAO), D. Minniti (Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile), L. Oaster (G) (McMaster U.), K. Olsen (NOAO), J. Prieto (G) (Ohio State U.), R. Smith (CTIO), N. Suntzeff (Texas A&M U.), D. Welch (McMaster U.), M. Wood-Vasey (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics): “Echoes of Historic Supernovae: Spectroscopy of the Tycho, Cas A, , and Crab SNe at maximum light”

M. Richter, A. Kruger (UC Davis): “Determining Inner-Disk Chemistry” GEM-NQ 0.16

M. Richter, A. Kruger (UC Davis): “Determining Inner-Disk Chemistry” GEM-SQ 0.08

S. Ridgway (NOAO), M. Lacy, A. Sajina (SSC), C. Harrison (NOAO), L. Storrie-Lombardi, A. GEM-S 3 Petric (SSC), D. Farrah (Cornell U.), L. Armus, T. Urrutia (SSC): “The Evolution of Luminous Obscured Quasars”

H. Roe (Lowell Observatory), E. Schaller (G) (California Institute of Technology-Div of Geo GEM-NQ 1 and Planetary Science), M. Brown (California Institute of Technology), C. Trujillo (Gemini Observatory): “Titan’s Methane Weather: Seasonal Change and Surface Geology”

G. Rudnick (NOAO), C. Papovich (U. of Arizona), E. Lefloch (U. of Hawai′i), C. Willmer (U. of GEM-Su 1 Arizona), T. Webb (McGill University), M. Franx (Leiden Observatory), I. Labbe (Carnegie Observatories), M. Dickinson (NOAO), I. Tanaka (G) (Subaru Telescope), M. Kriek (G) (Princeton U.): “Near Infrared Spectroscopy of 24-micron Sources in the Era of ULIRGS”

M. Sako (U. of Pennsylvania), P. Garnavich (U. of Notre Dame), J. Prieto (G) (Ohio State U.), J. GEM-SQ 2.3 Frieman (U. of Chicago), R. Romani (Stanford U.), R. Nichol (U. of Portsmouth), D. Cinabro (Wayne State U.): “The Physical Properties of Type Ia Supernovae Host Galaxies”

D. Sand (U. of Arizona), M. Graham (G) (University of Victoria), D. Zaritsky (U. of Arizona), C. GEM-NQ 0.5 Pritchet, H. Hoekstra (University of Victoria), S. Herbert-Fort (G), D. Just (G), S. Sivanandam (G) (U. of Arizona): “Optical Spectroscopy of Hostless Supernovae Candidates”

D. Schiminovich (Columbia U.), R. Webster (University of Melbourne), A. Basu-Zych, M. GEM-NQ 0.963 O’Dowd (Columbia U.), T. Heckman (Johns Hopkins U.), T. Goncalves (California Institute of Technology), R. Overzier (Johns Hopkins U.): “Probing Small-Scale Kinematic Structure of Local Lyman Break Galaxy Analogs”

A. Seth (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), R. Blum, K. Olsen (NOAO), A. GEM-NQ 1.06 Stephens, J. Jensen (Gemini Observatory), T. Davidge (Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics), N. Neumayer (ESO): “Surveying Nearby Nuclear Star Clusters”

F-12 OBSERVING PROGRAMS AND INVESTIGATORS SEMESTERS 2008 A/B

Gemini Telescopes—2008B—Scheduled NGSC Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs) + Tel. Nights

M. Sewilo, M. Meixner (STScI), B. Whitney (Space Science Institute), T. Robitaille (G) (U. of GEM-SQ 1.4 St. Andrews), R. Indebetouw (U. of Virginia), L. Carlson (G) (Johns Hopkins U.): “Revealing the Nature of Massive Star Formation in the Large Magellanic Cloud”

O. Shemmer (Pennsylvania State U.), P. Lira (Universidad de Chile), H. Netzer, B. Trakhtenbrot GEM-NQ 2.5 (Tel Aviv University): “Black-Hole Mass and Growth Rate at High Redshift”

S. Sheppard (Carnegie Institution of Washington), C. Trujillo (Gemini Observatory): “The First GEM-NQ 0.3 Known Binary Trojan”

S. Sheppard, US Lead Scientist for C. Trujillo (Gemini Observatory), S. Sheppard (Carnegie GEM-NQ 1.65 Institution of Washington): “Primordial Solar System Ices”

V. Smith, K. Cunha (NOAO), S. Majewski, M. Chou (G) (U. of Virginia): “Using Chemical GEM-SQ 3 Abundance Patterns to Determine the Origin of the Galactic Anticenter Stellar Structure (GASS)”

N. Smith (UC Berkeley): “IR Variability of Eta Carinae: The 2009 Event” GEM-SQ 4

A. Soderberg (Princeton U.), R. Chevalier (U. of Virginia), C. Fransson (Stockholm GEM-NQ 0.4 Observatory), E. Berger (Princeton U.): “The Many Facets of Type Ibc Supernovae” GEM-SQ 0.4

A. Soderberg (Princeton U.), M. Phillips (Carnegie Observatories), R. Foley (G) (UC Berkeley), GEM-NQ 0.67 E. Persson (Carnegie Observatories), M. Hamuy (Universidad de Chile), N. Suntzeff (Texas A&M U.), W. Freedman (Carnegie Observatories): “Revealing the Progenitors of Type Ibc Supernovae through Near-IR Spectroscopy”

J. Stansberry, D. Trilling (U. of Arizona), W. Grundy (Lowell Observatory), M. Muller (U. of GEM-SQ 2 Arizona), T. Muller (Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie): “KBO Binarity and Spin from Visible Lightcurves”

S. Thompson (U. of Delaware), M. Montgomery, T. von Hippel (U. of Texas, Austin): GEM-NQ 2 “Measuring the Surface Inhomogeneity of Calcium on G 29-38”

M. Torres (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), B. Gaensicke (University of GEM-NQ 0.4 Warwick), P. Rodriguez-Gil (Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias), K. Long (STScI), T. Marsh (University of Warwick), D. Steeghs (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), T. Munoz- Darias (G), T. Shahbaz (Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias), L. Schmidtobreick (ESO), M. Schreiber (Valparaiso U.): “The Primary Role of the SW Sextantis Stars in the Evolution of Cataclysmic Variables”

L. van Zee, US Lead Scientist for H. Lee (Gemini Observatory), J. Dalcanton (U. of GEM-SQ 3.56 Washington), E. Skillman (U. of Minnesota), L. van Zee (Indiana U.), J. Lee (Carnegie Observatories), A. Seth (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), R. Covarrubias (Carnegie Observatories), K. Croxall (Indiana U.), S. Warren (U. of Minnesota): “Present-Day Metallicities for Constructing Star-Formation Histories in Nearby Dwarf Galaxies (South, part 2 of 2)”

L. van Zee, US Lead Scientist for H. Lee (Gemini Observatory), J. Dalcanton (U. of GEM-NQ 0.8 Washington), E. Skillman (U. of Minnesota), L. van Zee (Indiana U.), J. Lee (Carnegie Observatories), A. Seth (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), R. Covarrubias (Carnegie Observatories), K. Croxall (Indiana U.), S. Warren (U. of Minnesota): “Present-Day Metallicities for Constructing Star-Formation Histories in Nearby Dwarf Galaxies (North, part 2 of 2)”

S. Zepf (Michigan State U.): “Understanding the Low-Mass X-ray Binaries in the Sculptor GEM-SQ 0.22 Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy”

F-13 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

Gemini Telescopes—2008B—Scheduled NGSC Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs) + Tel. Nights

U.S. Thesis Programs+

J. Andrews (T), G. Clayton (Louisiana State U.), M. Barlow (G) (University College London), B. GEM-SQ 0.93 Sugerman (Goucher College), M. Meixner (STScI), D. Welch (McMaster U.): “A Comprehensive Study of Dust Formation in Type II Supernovae with HST, Spitzer, and Gemini”

J. Drummond (AFRL), W. Merline (Southwest Research Institute), A. Conrad (Keck), C. Dumas GEM-N 2 (ESO), J. Christou (UC Santa Cruz), B. Carry (T) (ESO): “Pushing AO to Smaller Asteroids”

R. Fadely (T), C. Keeton (Rutgers U.): “A Gemini Search for Dark Matter Substructure” GEM-NQ 1.07

R. Fesen, D. Milisavljevic (T) (Dartmouth College), C. Gerardy, P. Hoflich (Florida State U.): GEM-NQ 0.3 “High Dispersion Late-Time Spectra of Core-Collapse SNe”

P. Garnavich (U. of Notre Dame), R. Nichol (University of Portsmouth), J. Gallagher (T) (U. of GEM-NQ 2 Notre Dame), M. Sako (U. of Pennsylvania), J. Frieman (U. of Chicago), D. Cinabro (Wayne State U.): “Social Insecurity: What Influences Stellar Death in Old Populations”

D. Gies, S. Caballero-Nieves (T) (Georgia State U.): “Binaries among the Most Massive Stars” GEM-NQ 2.1

A. Klesman (T), V. Sarajedini (U. of Florida): “The Environment & Evolution of AGN in GEM-SQ 1.2 Intermediate-Redshift Clusters”

T. Lebzelter (Universität Wien (University of Vienna)), H. Richter (T) (Universität Wien GEM-NQ 0.75 (University of Vienna)), K. Hinkle (NOAO), T. Posch (Universität Wien (University of GEM-SQ 0.32 Vienna)), A. Bressan (INAF): “Long Term Variability of MIR-Spectra of Evolved Stars”

T. Lebzelter (Universitat Wien (University of Vienna)), H. Richter (T) (Universitat Wien GEM-SQ 2 (University of Vienna)), A. Bressan (INAF), K. Hinkle (NOAO): “The Role of Stellar Variability in Mid-IR Circumstellar Spectra”

T. Megeath, C. Poteet (T) (U. of Toledo), J. Muzerolle (U. of Arizona), L. Allen (Harvard- GEM-NQ 2.4 Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), D. Watson (U. of Rochester), N. Calvet (U. of Michigan): “The Orion Protostar Survey: NIRI Spectroscopy of Spitzer Identified Protostars in the Orion Complex”

A. Stanford, US Lead Scientist for J. Stott, C. Collins (Liverpool John Moores University), A. GEM-Su 0.5 Stanford (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory), M. Hilton (T) (University of KwaZulu- Natal), C. Miller (CTIO), K. Romer (University of Sussex), B. Mann (Royal Observatory, Edinburgh), R. Nichol (University of Portsmouth), A. Lidddle (G), E. Lloyd-Davies (G) (University of Sussex): “Testing the Hierarchical Assembly of Brightest Cluster Galaxies”

J. Steinfadt (T), L. Bildsten (UC Santa Barbara), D. Kaplan (MIT), P. Arras (U. of Virginia): GEM-SQ 0.6 “Searching for Pulsations from a Helium White Dwarf Companion to a Millisecond Pulsar”

M. Troutman (T), S. Brittain (Clemson U.), J. Najita (NOAO): “Tracing Gas in the Inner Disks GEM-SQ 0.2 of Young Massive Stars Using Spectro-Astrometry”

B. Zuckerman, C. Melis (T), J. Rhee (UCLA), I. Song (IPAC): “Terrestrial Planet Formation and GEM-SQ 0.74 Evolution around Sun-like Stars”

+Abbreviations and symbols: GEM-NQ = Gemini N Queue; GEM-SQ = Gemini S Queue; GEM-N = Gemini N classical; GEM-S = Gemini S classical; GEM-K = Gemini/Keck time exchange; GEM-Su = Gemini/Subaru time exchange; * = poor weather program; (T) = Thesis student; (G) = Graduate student; (U) = Undergraduate; (O) = Other; ¡ = Special Call program

F-14 OBSERVING PROGRAMS AND INVESTIGATORS SEMESTERS 2008 A/B

Kitt Peak National Observatory

ƒ Mayall 4-m Telescope: Of the science time on the Mayall, the U.S. community has access to 70%; U. of Maryland has approximately 20% as part of an instrumentation partnership agreement; and Clemson U. has approximately 10% as part of an operations partnership.

ƒ WIYN 3.5-m Telescope: The U.S. community has access to approximately 40% of WIYN time. The U. of Wisconsin, Indiana U., and Yale U. have the remaining 60% of the available observing time.

ƒ Kitt Peak Small Telescopes: KP 2.1-m (100% community access) and WIYN 0.9-m (generally about 10% of the available observing time, but the amount varies per year depending on the use of the KPNO Mosaic optical imager).

Semester 2008A

KPNO – Semester 2008A – Scheduled U.S. Programs (Incl. U.S. Thesis)♣ Tel. Nights

T. Axelrod, E. Olszewski (U. of Arizona), A. Saha (NOAO), J. Holberg (U. of Arizona): KP-2.1m 4 “How to reach sub-1% Photometry in an All-Sky Survey Such as LSST”

J. Birriel, T. Pannuti (Morehead State U.): “Spectroscopic Observations of Selected Optically- KP-2.1m 4.5 Identified Supernova Remnants (SNRs) in the Nearby Face-On Spiral Galaxy M101”

J. Bornak (G), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (New Mexico State U.): “Quantifying the KP-2.1m 8.5 Variabilities and Periodicities of Synchrotron Jets in X- Ray Binaries”

J. Chaname (STScI), A. Gould (Ohio State U.), R. Van Der Marel (STScI): “Distant Wide KP-4m 4 Binaries as Tracers of the Galactic Halo”

N. Chapman (G), L. Mundy (U. of Maryland), L. Allen (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for KP-4m 2 Astrophysics): “Observing the Gould’s Belt with NEWFIRM”

M. Dickinson, M. Brodwin (NOAO), C. Conselice (University of Nottingham), E. Daddi KP-4m 11 (CEA), A. Dey (NOAO), S. Faber (UC Santa Cruz), B. Jannuzi (NOAO), J. Lee (Carnegie Observatories), K. Nandra (Imperial College London), C. Papovich (U. of Arizona), N. Reddy, S. Salim (NOAO), B. Weiner, C. Willmer (U. of Arizona), A. Bluck (G) (University of Nottingham): “Deep Near-Infrared Imaging of the Extended Groth Strip”

E. Egami (U. of Arizona), G. Smith, C. Haines (University of Birmingham), M. Takada, N. KP-4m 3 Okabe (Tohoku University), K. Umetsu (Academica Sinica), R. Ellis, J. Richard (California Institute of Technology), J. Kneib (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille), J. Carlstrom (U. of Chicago): “LoCuSS: Joint KPNO/Spitzer/Subaru Study of the Star Formation and Assembly Histories of Massive Galaxy Clusters”

D. Fadda (NASA Herschel Science Center), A. Biviano (INAF): “Infalling Starburst Galaxies WIYN 3 in the Coma Cluster”

P. Frinchaboy (U. of Wisconsin Madison), A. Sarajedini (U. of Florida), R. Mathieu, A. Geller KP-4m 2 (G), E. Braden (G) (U. of Wisconsin Madison): “WIYN Open Cluster Study (WOCS): Infrared Cluster Characteristics”

♣ Key: WIYN-SYN = Synoptic/Queue; ToO = Target of Opportunity scheduling; (T) = Thesis Student; (G) = Graduate; (U) = Undergraduate

F-15 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

KPNO – Semester 2008A – Scheduled U.S. Programs (Incl. U.S. Thesis)♣ Tel. Nights

A. Gonzalez (U. of Florida), M. Brodwin (NOAO), D. Stern, J. Bock (CalTech-JPL), M. KP-4m 14 Brown (Monash University), S. Bussman (G) (U. of Arizona), A. Cooray (UC Irvine), A. Dey, M. Dickinson (NOAO), P. Eisenhardt (CalTech-JPL), B. Jannuzi (NOAO), Y. Lin (Princeton U.), A. Mainzer (CalTech-JPL), S. Stanford (UC Davis), I. Sullivan (California Institute of Technology), M. Zemcov (CalTech-JPL), S. Kautsch (U. of Florida): “A NEWFIRM Survey of the SDWFS/NDWFS Field”

J. Helmboldt, A. Cohen, N. Kassim, W. Lane, T. Lazio (Naval Research Laboratory): KP-2.1m 6 “Redshifts of Sources from the VLA Low-frequency Sky Survey”

K. Herrmann (G), R. Ciardullo (Pennsylvania State U.), J. Feldmeier (Youngstown State U.): KP-4m 4 “The Stellar Kinematics of Outer Disks: Evidence for Halo Substructure?”

K. Hinkle (NOAO), D. Lambert (U. of Texas, Austin), R. Joyce (NOAO): “Mass Loss and KP-4m 3 Abundances in the Final Flash”

S. Howell (NOAO), M. Giampapa (National Solar Observatory), T. Harrison (New Mexico KP-4m 3 State U.), S. Hawley (U. of Washington), F. Hill (National Solar Observatory), K. Honeycutt (Indiana U.), S. Kafka (SSC), N. Silvestri, P. Szkody (U. of Washington), F. Walter (SUNY, Stony Brook), A. West (UC Berkeley): “Externally Induced or Internally Produced: What is the Source of the Extreme Magnetic Activity Observed in Very Low Mass Stars?”

D. James (Vanderbilt U.), R. Jeffries, J. Oliveira (Keele University), P. Cargile (G) (Vanderbilt WIYN 4 U.): “Debris Disks at the Epoch of Terrestrial Planet Formation: IC 4665”

W. Jao, T. Henry (Georgia State U.): “Cool Subdwarf Investigations (CSI): Multiplicity” KP-4m 4

S. Kafka (SSC), R. Honeycutt (Indiana U.), D. Hoard (SSC): “Sneezes, Gasps and Yawns in KP-2.1m 6 the Evolution of Cataclysmic Variables: a Spectroscopic Study of Winds”

W. Keel, A. Manning (G) (U. of Alabama), C. Lintott (University of Oxford), B. Holwerda WIYN 5 (STScI): “Backlit Galaxies by the Hundreds: New Steps toward the Evolution of Dust”

B. Keeney, J. Stocke, S. Penton, J. Green (U. of Colorado): “Gas and Galaxies in the Cosmic KP-0.9m 2 Web: A Galaxy Redshift Survey around HST/COS Target Sight Lines” WIYN 5

J. Lotz (NOAO), L. Armus (SSC), T. Cox (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), P. WIYN 3 Jonsson (UC Santa Cruz), S. Kassin (IAP), C. Papovich, B. Weiner, J. Smith (U. of Arizona): “SparsePak Observations of Galaxy Merger Kinematics, Star-Formation, and Feedback”

R. Mandelbaum (Institute for Advanced Study), R. Nakajima (G), G. Bernstein (U. of KP-4m 4 Pennsylvania), M. Donahue (Michigan State U.), C. Keeton, J. Hughes (Rutgers U.), N. Bahcall (Princeton U.), T. Schrabback (G) (Universitat Bonn), N. Padmanabhan (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), S. Miyazaki (NAOJ), A. Kravtsov (U. of Chicago), K. Cavagnolo (G) (Michigan State U.), B. McLeod (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics): “Normalization and Scatter of the Mass-Temperature Relation for Supermassive Galaxy Clusters”

R. Marzke (San Francisco State U.), M. Hudson (University of Waterloo), R. Tully (U. of KP-4m 3 Hawai′i): “The Faint End of the Galaxy Luminosity Function: Efficient Photometric Selection of Faint Spectroscopic Targets in the Coma Cluster”

S. McGaugh (U. of Maryland), R. De Naray (UC Irvine), M. Zagursky (U) (U. of Maryland), KP-2.1m 7 J. Schombert (U. of Oregon): “Multiwavelength Photometry of Dynamically Interesting KP-4m 8 Galaxies”

F-16 OBSERVING PROGRAMS AND INVESTIGATORS SEMESTERS 2008 A/B

KPNO – Semester 2008A – Scheduled U.S. Programs (Incl. U.S. Thesis)♣ Tel. Nights

S. McGaugh, M. McDonald (G) (U. of Maryland), S. Courteau (Queen’s University), J. KP-4m 5 Dalcanton (U. of Washington), J. Holtzman (New Mexico State U.), L. Macarthur (California Institute of Technology), R. Tully (U. of Hawai′i), N. Vogt (New Mexico State U.), M. Hall (G) (Queen’s University), A. Klypin (New Mexico State U.): “The Velocity Function of Virgo Cluster Galaxies”

S. Meibom (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), S. Barnes (Lowell Observatory), WIYN 2 R. Mathieu (U. of Wisconsin Madison), J. Hartman (G), M. Holman (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics): “The Connection between Binarity, Circumstellar Disks, and Stellar Rotation”

A. Myers, R. Brunner (U. of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), G. Richards (Drexel U.), D. KP-4m 4 Schneider (Pennsylvania State U.), D. York (U. of Chicago): “The Evolution of Quasar Clustering on Small Scales”

J. Parker (Southwest Research Institute), B. Gladman (University of British Columbia), J. WIYN 6 Kavelaars (National Research Council of Canada), J. Petit (Observatoire de Besancon), L. Jones (U. of Washington): “Resonance in the Kuiper Belt: The History of the Outer Solar System”

J. Provencal (U. of Delaware), M. Montgomery (U. of Texas, Austin), S. Thompson (U. of KP-2.1m 6.5 Delaware), S. Kepler (UFRGS), M. Reed (SW Missouri State U.): “Whole Earth Telescope Observations to Measure the Convective Properties of EC14012-1446”

C. Pryor (Rutgers U.), E. Olszewski (U. of Arizona), S. Piatek (New Jersey Institute of KP-4m 2 Technology): “Search for QSOs and AGNs behind Dwarf Galaxies of the Milky Way”

C. Reynolds, M. Koss (G) (U. of Maryland), R. Mushotzky (NASA Goddard Space Flight KP-2.1m 8.5 Center), S. Veilleux (U. of Maryland): “Imaging the Galaxy Hosts of AGN from the SWIFT BAT Survey”

A. Rivkin (Johns Hopkins U.), D. Trilling (U. of Arizona), P. Allen (Pennsylvania State U.): KP-2.1m 7 “Small Koronis-Family Asteroids as a Probe of Space Weathering”

R. Swaters, S. Veilleux (U. of Maryland): “Extreme Star Formation: The Outermost Parts of KP-2.1m 8 Dwarf and LSB Galaxies”

T. Tal (G), J. Kenney (Yale U.): “Hα Imaging of Virgo Ellipticals” KP-4m 3

J. Tomsick (UC San Diego): “Localization and Spectra of Integral-Selected Sources in the KP-4m 7 Galactic Plane”

S. Veilleux, D. Rupke (U. of Maryland), N. Scoville (California Institute of Technology— KP-4m 4 Astronomy Dept.), D. Sand (U. of Hawai′i): “Search for High-Redshift Emission-Line Galaxies”

U.S. Thesis Programs♣

H. Berrier (T), E. Barton, J. Berrier (G) (UC Irvine): “Galaxy Interactions” KP-2.1m 6.5

K. Carrell (T), R. Wilhelm (Texas Technical U.): “Kinematic Properties of the Northern Arm WIYN 4 of the Sagittarius Stream”

♣ Key: WIYN-SYN = Synoptic/Queue; ToO = Target of Opportunity scheduling; (T) = Thesis Student; (G) = Graduate; (U) = Undergraduate

F-17 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

KPNO – Semester 2008A – Scheduled U.S. Programs (Incl. U.S. Thesis)♣ Tel. Nights

D. Crenshaw (Georgia State U.), M. Dietrich (Ohio State U.), M. Trippe (T) (Georgia State KP-2.1m 6 U.): “Variability of Seyfert Type and the Nature of Seyfert 1.8 and 1.9 Galaxies”

J. Ge, B. Lee, S. Fleming (T), P. Guo (T), J. Crepp (T), J. Wang (T), S. Kane, S. Mahadevan KP-2.1m 8 (U. of Florida), J. Pepper, K. Stassun (Vanderbilt U.): “Exoplanet Tracker Upgrade and Radial Velocity Follow-ups of Planet and Candidates”

A. Geller (T), R. Mathieu, E. Braden (G) (U. of Wisconsin Madison), D. Latham (Harvard- WIYN 8 Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics): “A Study Of Anomalous Stars and Binary Populations within Open Clusters: Tests of Theoretical Models”

P. Hidalgo (T), F. Hamann (U. of Florida), D. Nestor (University of Cambridge), J. Shields KP-2.1m 6.5 (Ohio U.): “High Velocity Outflows in Quasars”

M. Jackson (T) (Georgia State U.), D. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), V. Rubin (Carnegie KP-4m 3 Institution of Washington): “The Stellar Structure of Dwarf Galaxies”

C. Kobulnicky, D. Kiminki (T) (U. of Wyoming): “Characterizing Massive Binaries in WIYN 6 Cygnus OB2”

C. Ly (T), M. Malkan (UCLA), K. Motohara, M. Hayashi (G) (University of Tokyo), N. KP-4m 2 Kashikawa (NAOJ), K. Shimasaku (University of Tokyo), T. Nagao (NAOJ): “A Complete Census of z = 1–3 Galaxies in the Subaru Deep Field”

B. Mason, W. Hatkopf (US Naval Observatory), D. Raghavan (T) (Georgia State U.): “Nearby KP-4m 5 Dwarf Stars: Duplicity, Binarity, and Masses”

R. Munoz (T), S. Majewski, J. Carlin (G), D. Nidever (G), R. Patterson (U. of Virginia), K. WIYN 4 Johnston (Columbia U.): “Mapping of Two Newly Discovered Halo Substructures in the Grid Survey”

J. Pepper, K. Stassun (Vanderbilt U.), J. Wang (T), S. Fleming (T) (U. of Florida): “Radial- KP-2.1m 2 Velocity Confirmation for Two Promising Exoplanet Candidates in Praesepe”

R. Stevenson (T), D. Jewitt (U. of Hawai′i): “The Compositional Diversity of Comets” KP-2.1m 6.5

P. Van Dokkum, D. Marchesini, G. Brammer (T), K. Whitaker (T) (Yale U.), G. Rudnick KP-4m 24 (NOAO), M. Kriek (Princeton U.), G. Illingworth (UC Santa Cruz), R. Quadri (Leiden University), I. Labbe (Carnegie Observatories), M. Franx (Leiden University), K. Lee, A. Muzzin (Yale U.): “The NEWFIRM Medium-Band Survey: Accurate Redshifts for 40,000 K- selected Galaxies”

S. Veilleux (U. of Maryland), J. Rhoads, S. Malhotra (Arizona State U.), M. McDonald (T), H. KP-4m 11 Krug (T) (U. of Maryland), J. Bland-Hawthorn (U. of Sydney), P. Capak (California Institute of Technology), A. Dey, M. Dickinson (NOAO), S. Ellis (Anglo-Australian Observatory), S. Finkelstein (G) (Arizona State U.), S. Furlanetto (Yale U.), I. Iliev (ETH), B. Jannuzi (NOAO), B. Mobasher (UC Riverside), N. Pirzkal (STScI), R. Probst (NOAO), D. Rupke (U. of Maryland), D. Sanders (U. of Hawai′i), N. Scoville (California Institute of Technology), H. Spinrad (UC Berkeley), R. Swaters (U. of Maryland), S. Tilvi (Arizona State U.), J. Wang (University of Science & Technology of China), R. Windhorst (Arizona State U.): “The Dark Ages Survey: Probing Structure Formation and Reionization at z > 7 with NEWFIRM”

L. Wei (T), S. Vogel (U. of Maryland), S. Kannappan (U. of North Carolina), A. Baker KP-4m 3 (Rutgers U.): “Mergers and Disk Evolution in Red- and Blue- Sequence Early-Type Galaxies”

M. Yukita (T) (U. of Alabama), D. Swartz (USRA), W. Keel, R. White (U. of Alabama): KP-2.1m 5.5 “Feedback and Evolution in a Group of Galaxies”

F-18 OBSERVING PROGRAMS AND INVESTIGATORS SEMESTERS 2008 A/B

Semester 2008B

KPNO – Semester 2008B – Scheduled U.S. Programs (Incl. U.S. Thesis)♣ Tel. Nights

M. A’Hearn, T. Farnham (U. of Maryland), B. Mueller, N. Samarasinha (PSI): “Determination KP-4m 4 of the Rotation Period of the Spacecraft Target Comet 81P/Wild 2”

P. Allen (Pennsylvania State U.), A. Burgasser (MIT), J. Faherty (G) (American Museum of KP-2.1m 5 Natural History), J. Kirkpatrick (IPAC), J. Liebert (U. of Arizona), I. Reid (STScI): “Benchmark Brown Dwarfs: Ultracool Tertiary Companions to Degenerate Binaries”

W. Barkhouse, A. Popescu (U), L. Anderson (U) (U. of North Dakota), P. Green (Harvard- KP-2.1m 3.5 Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics): “Optical/X-ray Galaxy Cluster Detection from ChaMPx”

H. Bond (STScI): “Photometry of HST/FGS Astrometric Reference Stars” KP-2.1m 5

C. Burke, P. McCullough (STScI): “Survey of XO-2 for an Earth-Sized Planet” WIYN 7.5

D. Burke (SLAC), M. Allen, S. Allen, D. Applegate (G), P. Burchat, P. Kelly (G), A. Von Der KP-2.1m 6.5 Linden (Stanford U.): “Photometric Calibration of Subaru Massive Cluster Survey Fields”

R. Ciardullo (Pennsylvania State U.), J. Feldmeier (Youngstown State U.), C. Mihos (Case WIYN 3 Western Reserve U.), K. Herrmann (G) (Pennsylvania State U.): “The Stellar Kinematics of Polar Ring Galaxies”

I. Dell’Antonio, R. Cook (G), H. Khiabanian (Brown U.), J. Kubo (FNAL): “The Low Weak WIYN 2 Lensing Mass of A781 Peak Four—Physics or Systematics?”

D. Deming, D. Jennings (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center), P. Sada (Tecnológico de KP-2.1m 7.5 Monterrey): “Detection of Hot by Giant Planet Transit Timing”

E. Egami (U. of Arizona), G. Smith, C. Haines (University of Birmingham), M. Takada KP-4m 3 (University of Tokyo), N. Okabe (Tohoku University), K. Umetsu (Academia Sinica), R. Ellis, J. Richard (California Institute of Technology), J. Kneib (Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille), J. Carlstrom (U. of Chicago): “The Local Cluster Substructure Survey (LoCuSS): I. Joint KPNO/Spitzer/Herschel/Subaru Study of the Star Formation & Assembly Histories of Massive Clusters”

D. Fadda, D. Frayer (IPAC), F. Marleau (SSC), L. Edwards (IPAC): “Infrared Luminosity WIYN 3 Function from Wide-Field Spitzer Surveys”

X. Fan (U. of Arizona), J. Annis (FNAL), R. Green, L. Jiang (G) (U. of Arizona), M. Lacy KP-4m 5 (SSC), G. Richards (Drexel U.), M. Strauss (Princeton U.): “Near-IR Imaging of the SDSS Deep Stripe”

P. Hartigan, I. Cleeves (U) (Rice U.): “Star Formation in the Cygnus OB2 Association” KP-4m 4

K. Herrmann (G), R. Ciardullo (Pennsylvania State U.): “The Stellar Kinematics of Outer KP-4m 5 Disks: Evidence for Halo Substructure?”

J. Holberg (U. of Arizona), S. Howell, K. Mighell (NOAO), W. Sherry (National Solar KP-0.9m 4 Observatory), M. Everett (PSI): “Calibrating Observations Made with the NASA Kepler Discovery Mission”

S. Howell (NOAO), E. Horch (SCSU): “High Resolution Imaging of Kepler Exo-planet WIYN 2 Target Stars”

♣ Key: WIYN-SYN = Synoptic/Queue; ToO = Target of Opportunity scheduling; (T) = Thesis Student; (G) = Graduate; (U) = Undergraduate

F-19 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

KPNO – Semester 2008B – Scheduled U.S. Programs (Incl. U.S. Thesis)♣ Tel. Nights

W. Huang (California Institute of Technology), D. Gies (Georgia State U.), V. McSwain KP-2.1m 13.5 (Lehigh U.): “Stellar Rotation of Nearby Field B-Stars”

G. Jacoby (WIYN), L. Fullton (Nagravision), M. Lee (Seoul National University), O. De WIYN 4 Marco (American Museum of Natural History), R. Ciardullo (Pennsylvania State U.), J. Feldmeier (Youngstown State U.), H. Hwang (Korea Institute for Advanced Study): “A Search for Planetary Nebulae in M31 Globular Clusters”

W. Keel, A. Manning (G) (U. of Alabama), C. Lintott (University of Oxford), B. Holwerda WIYN 3 (STScI): “Backlit Galaxies by the Hundreds: New Steps toward the Evolution of Dust”

B. Keeney, J. Stocke, S. Penton, J. Green (U. of Colorado): “Gas and Galaxies in the Cosmic KP-0.9m 2 Web: A Galaxy Redshift Survey around HST/COS Target Sight Lines”

D. Kelson, P. McCarthy, A. Dressler, J. Mulchaey, S. Shectman, A. Oemler, H. Yan (Carnegie KP-4m 4 Observatories): “The Carnegie Spitzer IMACS Survey”

J. Lee (Carnegie Observatories), R. Finn (Siena College), D. Dale (U. of Wyoming), S. Salim KP-4m 14 (NOAO): “Extending Deep H(alpha) Galaxy Surveys to Higher Redshift with NEWFIRM”

S. Lepine (American Museum of Natural History): “M Subdwarf Halo Binaries and a KP-4m 4 Calibration of the Metallicity Scale for Low-Mass Stars.”

S. McGaugh (U. of Maryland), R. De Naray (UC Irvine), M. Zagursky (U) (U. of Maryland), KP-2.1m 5 J. Schombert (U. of Oregon): “Photometry and Kinematics of Dynamically Interesting KP-4m 4 Galaxies” WIYN 5

D. McIntosh (U. of Missouri, Kansas City), A. Pasquali, F. Van Den Bosch (Max-Planck- WIYN 3 Institut für Astronomie): “In Search of Remnants from Gas-Rich Major Mergers”

S. Meibom (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), S. Barnes (Lowell Observatory), WIYN 2 R. Mathieu (U. of Wisconsin, Madison), J. Hartman, M. Holman (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics): “The Connections between Binarity, Circumstellar Disks, and Stellar Rotation”

B. Mueller (PSI), Y. Fernandez (U. of Central Florida), N. Samarasinha (PSI): “Decoding the KP-2.1m 11.5 Secrets of Comet Encke’s Spin State”

L. Mundy, T. Huard, J. Miller (U), B. Prager (U) (U. of Maryland), D. Peterson (Harvard- KP-4m 7 Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), M. Dunham (G) (U. of Texas, Austin), R. Gutermuth (SAO): “Identifying Low Mass Populations in Perseus and ”

J. Parker (Southwest Research Institute), B. Gladman (University of British Columbia), J. WIYN 5.5 Kavelaars (National Research Council of Canada), J. Petit (Observatoire de Besançon), L. Jones (U. of Washington): “Resonance in the Kuiper Belt: The History of the Outer Solar System”

C. Reynolds, M. Koss (G) (U. of Maryland), R. Mushotzky (NASA Goddard Space Flight KP-2.1m 8 Center), S. Veilleux (U. of Maryland): “Imaging the Galaxy Hosts of AGN from the SWIFT BAT Survey”

C. Reynolds, M. Koss (G) (U. of Maryland), R. Mushotzky (NASA Goddard Space Flight KP-4m 4 Center), S. Veilleux (U. of Maryland), L. Valencic (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center): “Near-IR Spectroscopy of AGN from the SWIFT BAT Survey”

C. Reynolds, M. Koss (G), L. Winter (G) (U. of Maryland), R. Mushotzky (NASA Goddard KP-2.1m 7 Space Flight Center), S. Veilleux (U. of Maryland), W. Baumgartner (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center): “Determining the Redshift and Type of Unknown AGN from the 22-Month SWIFT BAT Survey”

F-20 OBSERVING PROGRAMS AND INVESTIGATORS SEMESTERS 2008 A/B

KPNO – Semester 2008B – Scheduled U.S. Programs (Incl. U.S. Thesis)♣ Tel. Nights

J. Rhee (Purdue U.), W. Rhee (West Lafayette Junior High School): “Discovery of Very KP-2.1m 9 Metal-Poor Stars in the Galaxy”

J. Rhoads, S. Malhotra (Arizona State U.), S. Veilleux (U. of Maryland), S. Finkelstein (G) KP-4m 6 (Arizona State U.), I. Iliev (ETH), B. Jannuzi (NOAO), B. Mobasher (UC Riverside), N. Pirzkal (STScI), R. Probst (NOAO), H. Spinrad (UC Berkeley), R. Swaters (U. of Maryland): “Searching for Reionization at Redshift z~9”

A. Rivkin (Johns Hopkins U.), D. Trilling (U. of Arizona): “Small Koronis-Family Asteroids KP-2.1m 6 as a Probe of Space Weathering”

W. Romanishin, E. Cooper (G) (U. of Oklahoma): “Shapes and Densities of Jovian Trojan KP-2.1m 4.5 Objects”

E. Schmidt (U. of Nebraska): “Type II Cepheids and Related Variables” KP-2.1m 4.5

S. Schuler (G) (Clemson U.), C. Deliyannis (Indiana U.), J. King (Clemson U.), S. Kafka WIYN 2 (CTIO), S. Barnes (Lowell Observatory): “The Striking Li Dispersions in Pleiades G & K Dwarfs: Real or Illusory?”

R. Swaters, S. Veilleux (U. of Maryland): “Star Formation in Low Surface Brightness KP-2.1m 6 Galaxies”

M. Trueblood (O) (NOAO), R. Crawford (O) (Rincon-Ranch Observatory): “Near Earth KP-2.1m 3 Object Follow-up”

S. Veilleux, H. Krug (G), M. McDonald (G), D. Rupke (U. of Maryland): “Deep Emission- KP-4m 4.5 Line Imaging of Local Galactic Winds with NEWFIRM”

P. Winkler (Middlebury College), K. Long (STScI), W. Blair (Johns Hopkins U.), M. WIYN 3 Vaughan (U) (Middlebury College): “Tycho’s Supernova Remnant: Deep Imaging, Proper Motions, and Distance Measurement”

R. Zavala, Jr (US Naval Observatory), A. Peck (ALMA), L. Pollack (G) (UC Santa Cruz), C. WIYN 2 Rodriguez (G) (U. of New Mexico), R. Romani (Stanford U.), G. Taylor (U. of New Mexico): “Completing the Picture: Deep Imaging of the Host Galaxy of the Closest Pair of Binary Black Holes”

U.S. Thesis Programs♣

S. Dhital (T) (Vanderbilt U.), A. West (UC Berkeley), K. Stassun (Vanderbilt U.): “Measuring KP-2.1m 6 Magnetic Activity and Dynamical Evolution of Wide M-dwarf Binaries”

J. Dowell (T), L. van Zee (Indiana U.): “Unusually Extended HI Disks and Their Relationship KP-2.1m 4.5 to Damped Ly(alpha) Systems”

S. Finkelstein (T), J. Rhoads, S. Malhotra, E. McLinden (T) (Arizona State U.): “Luminosity KP-4m 3 Function and Evolution of Lyman Alpha Galaxies at Z~2.1”

J. Ge, S. Fleming (T), P. Guo (T), B. Lee, J. Wang (T), P. Jiang (T), S. Mahadevan (U. of KP-2.1m 13 Florida): “Exoplanet Tracker Major Upgrade and Instrument Performance Measurements”

A. Geller (T), R. Mathieu, E. Braden (G) (U. of Wisconsin, Madison), D. Latham (Harvard- WIYN 7.5 Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics): “A Study Of Anomalous Stars and Binary Populations within Open Clusters: Tests of Theoretical Models”

♣ Key: WIYN-SYN = Synoptic/Queue; ToO = Target of Opportunity scheduling; (T) = Thesis Student; (G) = Graduate; (U) = Undergraduate

F-21 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

KPNO – Semester 2008B – Scheduled U.S. Programs (Incl. U.S. Thesis)♣ Tel. Nights

R. Gutermuth (SAO), J. Pipher (U. of Rochester), T. Megeath (U. of Toledo), L. Allen, P. KP-4m 5 Myers (SAO), E. Allgaier (T) (U. of Toledo), T. Allen (G) (U. of Rochester): “A Survey of the Cep OB3, S140, and Mon R2 Molecular Clouds with Spitzer and NEWFIRM”

M. Jackson (T), D. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), V. Rubin (Carnegie Institution of KP-4m 6 Washington): “The Stellar Structure of Dwarf Galaxies”

M. Keremedjiev (T), S. Eikenberry, A. Gonzalez, R. Guzman (U. of Florida): “J-Band KP-4m 3 Spectroscopy of Nearby Galaxies Using FISICA”

N. Mahmud (T), C. Johns-Krull (Rice U.), L. Prato (Lowell Observatory), P. Hartigan (Rice KP-4m 8 U.), D. Jaffe (U. of Texas, Austin): “Brown Dwarf and Giant Planet Companions to Young Stars in ”

R. Stevenson (T), D. Jewitt, B. Yang (G) (U. of Hawai′i): “Hydration of Hilda Asteroids—The KP-2.1m 8 Search for Liquid Water in the Early Solar System” KP-4m 2

G. Stringfellow, J. Bally (U. of Colorado), X. Koenig (T) (SAO), A. Ginsburg (G) (U. of KP-4m 5.5 Colorado), L. Allen (SAO), R. Probst (NOAO), R. Swaters (U. of Maryland), F. Valdes (NOAO): “A Definitive Test of Triggered-Sequential Star Formation in the Massive Star Forming Regions W3/4/5”

M. Trippe (T), D. Crenshaw (Georgia State U.), M. Dietrich (Ohio State U.): “Variability of KP-2.1m 5 Seyfert Type and the Nature of Seyfert 1.8 and 1.9 Galaxies”

P. Van Dokkum, D. Marchesini, G. Brammer (T), K. Whitaker (T) (Yale U.), G. Rudnick KP-4m 16 (NOAO), M. Kriek (Princeton U.), G. Illingworth (UC Santa Cruz), R. Quadri (Leiden University), I. Labbe (Carnegie Observatories), M. Franx (Leiden University), K. Lee, A. Muzzin (Yale U.): “The NEWFIRM Medium-Band Survey: Accurate Redshifts for 40,000 K- Selected Galaxies”

S. Veilleux (U. of Maryland), J. Rhoads, S. Malhotra (Arizona State U.), M. McDonald (T), H. KP-4m 1.5 Krug (T) (U. of Maryland), J. Bland-Hawthorn (University of Sydney), P. Capak (California Institute of Technology), A. Dey, M. Dickinson (NOAO), S. Ellis (Anglo-Australian Observatory), S. Finkelstein (Arizona State U.), S. Furlanetto (Yale U.), I. Iliev (ETH), B. Jannuzi (NOAO), B. Mobasher (UC Riverside), N. Pirzkal (STScI), R. Probst (NOAO), D. Rupke (U. of Maryland), D. Sanders (U. of Hawai′i), N. Scoville (California Institute of Technology), H. Spinrad (UC Berkeley), R. Swaters (U. of Maryland), S. Tilvi (Arizona State U.), J. Wang (University of Science & Technology of China), R. Windhorst (Arizona State U.): “The Dark Ages Survey: Probing Structure Formation and Reionization at z > 7 with NEWFIRM. Season #2”

B. Yang (T), D. Jewitt (U. of Hawai′i): “U-band Photometry of an Unusual Trojan Family” KP-2.1m 5

F-22 OBSERVING PROGRAMS AND INVESTIGATORS SEMESTERS 2008 A/B

Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory

ƒ Blanco 4-m Telescope: 80% of the time is available to the public through the NOAO TAC, 10% to Yonsei University and the University of Illinois through partnership agreements, and10% to Chilean proposers.

ƒ CTIO Small Telescopes: NOAO has access to 25% of the time on each of the four telescopes now operated by the SMARTS Consortium: CTIO 1.5-m, 1.3-m (former 2MASS), 1.0-m, and 0.9-m telescopes.

Semester 2008A

CTIO – Semester 2008A – Scheduled U.S. Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs)♦ Tel. Nights

T. Abbott (CTIO), C. Haswell, S. Foulkes, F. Lewis (Open U.), P. Callanan, P. Elebert (G) CT-4m 5 (University College): “Accretion Disc Dynamics in the Millisecond Pulsar HETE J1900.1- 2455”

S. Barnes (Lowell Observatory), S. Meibom, S. Saar (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for CT-1.0m 21 Astrophysics): “A 21st Century View of Stellar Rotation”

D. Clowe (Ohio U.), M. Ulmer (Northwestern U.): “Applying Weak Lensing Tomography to CT-4m 2 EDisCS”

A. Crotts (Columbia U.), B. Sugerman (Goucher College), S. Lawrence (Hofstra University), CT-4m 1 S. Heathcote (SOAR): “The Formation of Supernova Remnant 1987A”

A. Crotts (Columbia U.): “The Echo from Supernova 1987A” CT-0.9m-SVC 2

D. DePoy (Ohio State U.), D. Tucker (FNAL), R. Schmidt (O) (CTIO), B. Flaugher (FNAL): CT-1.0m 7 “Engineering Tests and Initial Calibration of DECam CCDs”

P. Frinchaboy (U. of Wisconsin Madison), R. Benjamin (U. of Wisconsin, Whitewater), M. SOAR 4 Skrutskie (U. of Virginia), E. Churchwell (U. of Wisconsin Madison), W. Kunkel (LCO), S. CT-4m 6 Majewski (U. of Virginia): “Mapping the Dynamics of the Milky Way with 2MASS -0.27in and GLIMPSE: Stellar Tracers of the Galactic Bar”

J. Grindlay, P. Zhao, S. Laycock, M. Van Den Berg, J. Hong, X. Koenig (G) (Harvard- CT-4m 11 Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), H. Cohn, P. Lugger (Indiana U.): “ChaMPlane II: Optical Spectra and IR Imaging Identification of ChaMPlane X-ray Sources”

J. Grindlay (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics): “Galactic Bulge Latitude Survey CT-4m 4 3”

T. Harrison (New Mexico State U.), G. Benedict, T. Barnes (U. of Texas, Austin), M. Feast CT-0.9m-SVC 0.8 (University of Cape Town), H. Smith (Michigan State U.), J. Johnson (New Mexico State U.): “An Astrometric Calibration of Population II Distance Indicators”

T. Harrison (New Mexico State U.), G. Benedict, B. McArthur (U. of Texas, Austin), G. CT-0.9m-SVC 0.25 Laughlin (UC Santa Cruz), G. Torres (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), J. Johnson (New Mexico State U.): “The Architecture of Exoplanetary Systems”

♦ Key: (G) = Graduate; (O) = Other; (T) = Thesis Student; (U) = Undergraduate

F-23 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

CTIO – Semester 2008A – Scheduled U.S. Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs)♦ Tel. Nights

S. Howell (NOAO), M. Giampapa (National Solar Observatory), T. Harrison (New Mexico CT-4m 4 State U.), S. Hawley (U. of Washington), F. Hill (National Solar Observatory), K. Honeycutt (Indiana U.), S. Kafka (SSC), N. Silvestri, P. Szkody (U. of Washington), F. Walter (SUNY, Stony Brook), A. West (UC Berkeley): “Externally Induced or Internally Produced: What is the Source of the Extreme Magnetic Activity Observed in Very Low Mass Stars?”

R. Humphreys (U. of Minnesota), J. Larsen (US Naval Academy), J. Cabanela (MSU CT-4m 5 Moorehead): “Mapping the Asymmetric Thick Disk—the Kinematics”

P. Jonker (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics): “The Galactic Bulge Survey: CT-4m 3 Categorising the Plethora of Faint X-ray Sources in the Galactic Bulge”

S. Kafka (SSC), R. Honeycutt (Indiana U.), D. Hoard (SSC): “Sneezes, Gasps and Yawns in CT-4m 5 the Evolution of Cataclysmic Variables: a Spectroscopic Study of Winds”

S. Kafka (SSC), R. Honeycutt (Indiana U.), L. Schmidtobreick (ESO): “Exploring QU CT-1.5m-SVC 0.6 Carinae: A SNeIa Progenitor?” CT-1.3m 1.2

S. Kafka (CTIO), C. Deliyannis (Indiana U.), R. Smith, N. van der Bliek (CTIO): “Type II CT-1.0m 24 Cepheids and Related Variables”

A. Landolt, J. Clem (Louisiana State U.): “Uranus in 2008: After the Ring Plane Crossing” CT-1.0m 69

B. Lee (U. of Florida), K. Von Braun (California Institute of Technology): “Spectral Types of CT-4m 2 Transiting Planet Candidates of the EXPLORE/OC Survey”

S. Meibom (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), S. Barnes (Lowell Observatory), CT-4m 4 R. Mathieu (U. of Wisconsin Madison): “The Connection between Binarity, Circumstellar Disks, and Stellar Rotation”

C. Miller (CTIO), H. Bohringer (Max-Planck Institute für extraterrestrische Physik), K. CT-4m 3 Romer (University of Sussex), D. Pierini (Max-Planck Institute für extraterrestrische Physik), M. Donahue (Michigan State U.): “REXCESS: An Optical/X-ray Study of Galaxy Cluster Sub-Structure”

J. Parker (Southwest Research Institute), B. Gladman (University of British Columbia), J. CT-4m 3 Kavelaars (National Research Council of Canada), J. Petit (Observatoire de Besancon), L. Jones (U. of Washington): “Resonance in the Kuiper Belt: The History of the Outer Solar System”

I. Platais (Johns Hopkins U.), J. Stauffer (SSC), N. van der Bliek (CTIO): “Very Low Mass CT-4m 1 Stars and Brown Dwarfs in Three Nearby Open Clusters”

J. Provencal (U. of Delaware), M. Montgomery (U. of Texas, Austin), S. Thompson (U. of SOAR 2 Delaware), S. Kepler (UFRGS), M. Reed (SW Missouri State U.): “Whole Earth Telescope Observations to Measure the Convective Properties of EC14012-1446”

D. Schleicher (Lowell Observatory): “Imaging the Coma Morphology and Nucleus of Comet CT-0.9m-SVC 1.8 8P/Tuttle Following Perihelion”

S. Sheppard (Carnegie Institution of Washington), C. Trujillo (Gemini Observatory): “A SOAR 1 Survey for L5 Neptune Trojans” CT-4m 2.5

S. Sheppard (Carnegie Institution of Washington), J. Elliot (MIT), S. Kern (STScI), C. CT-0.9m-SVC 4 Zuluaga (G), A. Gulbis (MIT): “Precise Astrometry for Predicting Kuiper Belt Object ”

I. Shih (Michigan State U.): “Monitoring the ~46-day Periodic Variability of LMXB 4U 1636- CT-1.3m 3.64 536 in Optical”

F-24 OBSERVING PROGRAMS AND INVESTIGATORS SEMESTERS 2008 A/B

CTIO – Semester 2008A – Scheduled U.S. Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs)♦ Tel. Nights

K. Spekkens, T. Williams, J. Sellwood (Rutgers U.): “Cold Dark Matter and the Structure of CT-0.9m-SVC 2.1 Spiral Galaxies”

K. Stassun (Vanderbilt U.), L. Hebb (U. of St. Andrews), S. Aigrain (University of Exeter), S. CT-1.0m 2 Hodgkin (University of Cambridge), A. Miller (G) (UC Berkeley), E. Moraux (LAOG), J. Irwin (Harvard U.): “High Precision Multi-band Photometry of Newly Discovered Young Eclipsing Binaries”

M. Tsujimoto (Pennsylvania State U.), N. Kobayashi (Institute of Astronomy, University of CT-4m 2 Tokyo), J. Wang (G) (Pennsylvania State U.): “Optical Spectroscopic Confirmation of OB Star Candidates in HII Regions (2)”

S. Van Dyk (SSC), P. Morris (NASA Herschel Science Center): “Revealing Hidden Evolved SOAR 3 Massive Stars in the Galaxy with GLIMPSE+2MASS” CT-4m 6

S. Vennes (Florida Institute of Technology), A. Kawka (Astronomicky Ustav), E. Arazimova CT-4m 3 (G) (Charles University, Prague): “High Proper Motion White Dwarfs: Atmospheric Properties”

A. Walker (CTIO), G. Bono (Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma), S. Cassisi (OACT), M. CT-4m 4 Monelli (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), M. Dall’Ora (Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte), G. Andreuzzi (TNG), P. Stetson (Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics): “Luminosity Functions of Evolved Populations in Galactic Globular Clusters”

R. Wilhelm, W. Powell (G), K. Carrell (G) (Texas Technical University): “A Spectroscopic CT-4m 2 Study of Blue Plume Stars in the Canis Major Over-density”

P. Winkler (Middlebury College), K. Long (STScI), C. Waite (U) (Middlebury College): CT-4m 3 “Measuring Asymmetries of Ejecta in Core-Collapse SNRs” CT-0.9m 5

U.S. Thesis Programs♦

J. Baldwin, E. Pellegrini (T) (Michigan State U.), G. Ferland (U. of Kentucky), N. Murray CT-4m 4 (CITA), M. Hanson (U. of Kentucky): “Stellar Feedback in Massive Star-Forming Regions”

T. Beers, T. Sivarani (Michigan State U.), S. Schuler (CTIO), S. Rossi (IAGUSP), C. SOAR 6 Kennedy (T) (Michigan State U.): “Near-IR SOAR/OSIRIS Spectroscopy of Carbon Enhanced Metal-Poor Stars”

B. Biller (T), L. Close (University of Arizona): “A Systematic Survey for Very Young CT-4m 3 Planetary Mass Objects”

A. Burgasser (MIT), J. Faherty (T) (SUNY, Stony Brook), K. Cruz (California Institute of CT-4m 4 Technology), F. Vrba (US Naval Observatory), N. van der Bliek (CTIO), S. Schmidt (G) (U. of Washington), B. Swift (G) (U. of Arizona), M. Shara (American Museum of Natural History), S. Hawley (U. of Washington), J. Liebert (U. of Arizona), I. Reid (STScI): “The Brown Dwarf Kinematics Project: A Pilot Study”

A. Cody (T), L. Hillenbrand (California Institute of Technology): “A Search for Pulsation in CT-1.0m 14 Young Brown Dwarfs”

R. Cohen (T), A. Sarajedini (U. of Florida), K. Kinemuchi (Universidad de Concepcion): CT-1.0m 10 “Blue Straggler Variability in Galactic Globular Clusters”

J. Greissl (T), M. Meyer (U. of Arizona), R. Blum (NOAO): “Probing the IMF Beyond the SOAR 4 Milky Way: Spectroscopy of Young Star Clusters in NGC 5253 and IC 4662”

♦ Key: (G) = Graduate; (O) = Other; (T) = Thesis Student; (U) = Undergraduate

F-25 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

CTIO – Semester 2008A – Scheduled U.S. Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs)♦ Tel. Nights

J. Huchra (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), L. Macri (NOAO), K. Masters CT-1.5m-SVC 7 (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), T. Jarrett (IPAC), A. Crook (T) (MIT): “Mapping the Nearby Universe: The 2MASS Redshift Survey”

C. Johnson (T), C. Pilachowski (Indiana U.), C. Sneden (U. of Texas, Austin): “Chemical CT-4m 5 Evolution in Omega Centauri: A Spectroscopic Survey Complete to V=13.5”

E. Martin, R. Tata (T), R. Deshpande (T), P. Ngoc (U. of Central Florida), T. Forveille CT-4m 3 (CFHT), M. Montgomery (U. of Central Florida): “Infrared for T/Y Dwarfs from CFHTLS and UKIDSS”

B. Mason, W. Hatkopf (US Naval Observatory), D. Raghavan (T) (Georgia State U.): CT-4m 4 “Nearby Dwarf Stars: Duplicity, Binarity, and Masses”

J. Mauerhan (T), M. Morris (UCLA), M. Muno (California Institute of Technology): CT-1.3m 1.05 “Photometric and Spectroscopic Monitoring of Colliding-Wind X-Ray Binaries in the Galactic Center”

C. Miller (CTIO), S. Stanford (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory), M. West (U. of CT-4m 7 Hawai′i), K. Sabirli (G) (Carnegie Mellon U.), K. Romer (University of Sussex), R. Nichol (University of Portsmouth), P. Viana (Universidade do Porto), M. Davidson (G) (University of Edinburgh), C. Collins, M. Hilton (Liverpool John Moores University), S. Kay (University of Oxford), A. Liddle (University of Sussex), B. Mann (University of Edinburgh), N. Mehrtens (T) (University of Sussex): “Optical Follow-up of the XMM Cluster Survey: The XCS- NOAO Survey”

R. Rich, C. Howard (T), D. Reitzel (UCLA), H. Zhao (U. of St. Andrews), K. Kuijken (Leiden CT-4m 5 University), A. Robin (Observatoire de Besancon), R. de Propris (CTIO), K. Griest (UC San Diego): “The Bulge Radial Velocity Assay: The Bulge/Disk/Halo Boundaries”

C. Rodgers (T) (U. of Wyoming), K. Kinemuchi (U. of Florida): “New Galactic Globular CT-0.9m 2 Cluster Templates for UBV RC IC and DDO Colors”

A. Skemer (G), L. Close, B. Biller (T) (U. of Arizona): “The Characteristics and Periodicty of CT-1.3m 3.3 Extinction Events in VV Ser: A Map of Dust Structures in the Inner-Rim of a Herbig AeBe Disk”

R. Smith (CTIO), D. Burke (SLAC), C. Stubbs (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for CT-1.5m-SVC 6 Astrophysics), T. Axelrod (U. of Arizona), C. Claver (NOAO), W. High (T), S. Blondin (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), A. Saha (NOAO), P. Kelly (G) (SLAC): “Characterizing Atmospheric Absorption for Precision Photometry”

Semester 2008B

CTIO – Semester 2008B – Scheduled U.S. Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs) ♦ Tel. Nights

P. Appleton, D. Fadda, L. Armus, P. Ogle (IPAC): “Spectroscopy of IR-Active Galaxies in the CT-4m 3 Merging ”

B. Cobb (G), C. Bailyn (Yale U.), J. Bloom (UC Berkeley): “Optical/IR Follow-Up of CT-1.3m 5 Gamma-Ray Bursts from SMARTS”

♦ Key: (G) = Graduate; (O) = Other; (T) = Thesis Student; (U) = Undergraduate

F-26 OBSERVING PROGRAMS AND INVESTIGATORS SEMESTERS 2008 A/B

CTIO – Semester 2008B – Scheduled U.S. Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs) ♦ Tel. Nights

A. Crotts (Columbia U.): “The Echo from Supernova 1987A” CT-0.9m-SVC 4

D. DePoy (Ohio State U.), D. Tucker (FNAL), R. Schmidt (O) (CTIO), B. Flaugher (FNAL): CT-1.0m 7 “Engineering Tests and Initial Calibration of DECam CCDs”

D. Fischer (San Francisco State U.), G. Marcy (UC Berkeley): “To Alpha Cen B and Beyond” CT-1.5m-SVC 8

L. French (Illinois Wesleyan U.), S. Lederer (Cal State San Bernadino), K. Chaudhary (U) CT-1.0m 7 (Illinois Wesleyan U.), P. Abell (NASA Johnson Space Flight Center): “Phase Curves of Trojan Asteroids”

J. Grindlay (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics): “Galactic Bulge Latitude Survey CT-4m 2 3”

A. Grocholski (STScI), A. Sarajedini (U. of Florida), R. Van Der Marel (STScI): “3- SOAR 4 Dimensional Distribution of Populous Clusters in the Small Magellanic Cloud”

C. Hamilton-Drager (Dickinson College), C. Johns-Krull (Rice U.): “Rotational Velocities, CT-4m 4 Radii, and Spectral Types of Pre-Main Sequence Stars in NGC 2362”

M. Hempel, A. Sarajedini (U. of Florida): “Galactic Globular Clusters in the Near-Infrared” CT-4m 3

T. Hillwig (Valparaiso U.), O. De Marco (American Museum of Natural History), D. Frew CT-1.3m 1 (G) (Perth Observatory): “Determining the System Parameters for Poorly Studied Binary CT-0.9m-SVC 2.4 Central Stars of Planetary Nebulae”

A. Hornschemeier (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center), S. Gallagher (UCLA), J. Charlton CT-4m 6 (Pennsylvania State U.), K. Johnson (U. of Virginia), J. Mulchaey (Carnegie Observatories), C. Gronwall (Pennsylvania State U.), C. Oliveira (IAGUSP), P. Tzanavaris (Johns Hopkins U.), J. Young (G) (Pennsylvania State U.): “Groups around Groups: Multi-Object Spectroscopy of Hickson Compact Groups”

R. Humphreys (U. of Minnesota), J. Larsen (US Naval Academy), J. Cabanela (MSU CT-1.0m 6 Moorehead): “Mapping the Asymmetric Thick Disk”

S. Kane, K. Von Braun (California Institute of Technology): “Photometric Monitoring of CT-0.9m-SVC 3.6 Known Southern Exoplanets for Transit Signatures”

B. Keeney, J. Stocke, S. Penton, J. Green (U. of Colorado): “Gas and Galaxies in the Cosmic CT-4m 3 Web: A Galaxy Redshift Survey around HST/COS Target Sight Lines”

S. Kern, K. Noll (STScI): “Lightcurves of Transneptunian Binaries” CT-4m 3

A. Landolt, J. Clem (Louisiana State U.): “Faint UBVRI Photometric Standard Star Fields” CT-1.0m 23.5

M. Mateo (U. of Michigan), E. Olszewski (U. of Arizona), M. Walker (Institute of CT-4m 4 Astronomy): “Exploring the 3rd Dimension: The Line-of-Sight Depth of the Fornax dSph Galaxy”

K. Meech, J. Pittichova (U. of Hawai′i), Y. Fernandez (U. of Central Florida): “-NExT SOAR 3 and Spitzer Comet Observations”

S. Meibom (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), S. Barnes (Lowell Observatory), CT-4m 4 R. Mathieu (U. of Wisconsin Madison): “The Connections between Binarity, Circumstellar Disks, and Stellar Rotation”

T. Metcalfe (HAO), T. Henry (Georgia State U.), D. Soderblom (STScI), S. Basu (Yale U.), P. CT-1.5m-SVC 4.5 Judge, M. Knolker, M. Rempel (HAO): “Activity Cycles of Southern Asteroseismic Targets”

F-27 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

CTIO – Semester 2008B – Scheduled U.S. Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs) ♦ Tel. Nights

J. Mohr (U. of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), S. Stanford (Lawrence Livermore National CT-4m 15 Laboratory), Y. Lin (G) (U. of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), H. Lin, J. Annis (FNAL), R. Smith (CTIO), H. Quintana (Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile), J. Frieman, D. Tucker (FNAL), W. Barkhouse (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), C. Stoughton (FNAL), M. Brodwin (NOAO), P. Eisenhardt (CalTech-JPL), A. Gonzalez (U. of Florida), C. Stubbs (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), A. Rest (CTIO), F. Valdes (NOAO), J. Carlstrom (U. of Chicago), W. Holzapfel (UC Berkeley), A. Kosowsky (Rutgers U.), A. Lee (UC Berkeley), S. Meyer, S. Padin (U. of Chicago), L. Page (Princeton U.), J. Ruhl (Case Western Reserve U.), A. Stark (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics): “SZE+Optical Studies of the Cosmic Acceleration”

R. Munoz (G), S. Majewski, J. Carlin (G), D. Nidever (G) (U. of Virginia), K. Johnston CT-4m 3 (Columbia U.), R. Patterson (U. of Virginia), W. Kunkel (LCO): “Exploring the Tidal Tails of the Carina dSph and the Extended Structure of the Large Magellanic Cloud”

C. Ngeow (U. of Illinois Urbana-Champaign), S. Kanbur (SUNY at Oswego), L. Macri CT-0.9m-SVC 19.6 (Texas A&M U.), D. An (G) (Ohio State U.): “Observations of the Large Magellanic Cloud Cepheids in Sloan Filters”

A. Rest (Harvard U.), D. Welch (McMaster U.), N. Suntzeff (Texas A&M U.), M. Huber SOAR 1.5 (Johns Hopkins U.), G. Damke (U), S. Points (CTIO), K. Cook (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory): “Geometric Distances to Cepheids with Light Echoes”

J. Rhee (Purdue U.), W. Rhee (West Lafayette Junior High School): “Discovery of Very CT-1.5m-SVC 3.2 Metal-Poor Stars in the Galaxy”

S. Ridgway (NOAO), M. Lacy, A. Sajina (SSC), C. Harrison (NOAO), L. Storrie-Lombardi, SOAR 2 A. Petric (SSC), D. Farrah (Cornell U.), L. Armus, T. Urrutia (SSC): “The Evolution of Luminous Obscured Quasars”

A. Saha (NOAO), E. Olszewski (U. of Arizona), R. Smith (CTIO), A. Subramaniam (Indian CT-4m 10 Institute of Astrophysics), A. Dolphin (U. of Arizona), N. Suntzeff (Texas A&M U.), A. Rest CT-0.9m 3 (CTIO), P. Seitzer (U. of Michigan), J. Harris (U. of Arizona), D. Minniti (Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile), K. Cook (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory), K. Olsen (CTIO), P. Knezek (WIYN): “The Outer Limits Survey: Stellar Populations at the Extremities of the Magellanic Clouds”

C. Scarlata, J. Colbert, H. Teplitz (SSC), P. Palunas (U. of Texas, Austin), P. Francis CT-4m 3 (Australian National U.), B. Woodgate (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center), G. Williger (U. of Louisville), B. Siana (SSC): “U-band Study of the z = 2.38 Filament”

R. Shaw (NOAO), T. Hillwig (Valparaiso U.), A. Rest (Harvard U.): “LMC Planetary SOAR 4 Nebulae with Binary Progenitors”

S. Sheppard (Carnegie Institution of Washington), J. Elliot (MIT), S. Kern (STScI), C. CT-0.9m-SVC 4.5 Zuluaga (G), A. Gulbis (MIT): “Precise Astrometry for Predicting Kuiper Belt Object Occultations”

N. Smith (UC Berkeley): “IR Variability of Eta Carinae: The 2009 Event” SOAR 2

K. Stassun (Vanderbilt U.), S. Aigrain (University of Exeter), J. Irwin (G), S. Hodgkin CT-1.0m 7 (University of Cambridge), L. Hebb (U. of St. Andrews): “Fundamental Properties of a New Very Low-Mass Pre-Main-Sequence Eclipsing Binary in Orion”

A. Tokovinin (CTIO), B. Mason, W. Hartkopf (US Naval Observatory): “Orbital Spins in SOAR 3 Multiple Stars”

F-28 OBSERVING PROGRAMS AND INVESTIGATORS SEMESTERS 2008 A/B

CTIO – Semester 2008B – Scheduled U.S. Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs) ♦ Tel. Nights

D. Trilling, J. Stansberry, M. Mueller (U. of Arizona), T. Mueller (Max-Planck Institute für SOAR 3 extraterrestrische Physik): “Optical Support of a Herschel Trans-Neptunian Object Key Programme”

E. Villaver (STScI), L. Magrini (Osservatorio Astrosico di Arcetri), L. Stanghellini (NOAO): CT-4m 3 “Planetary Nebulae in the Magellanic Bridge”

A. Walker (CTIO), G. Bono (Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma), S. Cassisi (Osservatorio CT-4m 2 Astronomico di Teramo), M. Monelli (Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias), M. Dall’Ora (University of Naples), G. Andreuzzi (TNG), P. Stetson (Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics): “Luminosity Functions of Evolved Populations in Galactic Globular Clusters”

L. Wasserman (Lowell Observatory): “An Extension to the Deep Ecliptic Survey - A Search CT-4m 4 for High Inclination KBOs”

T. Williams (Rutgers U.), K. Spekkens (Royal Military College of Canada), J. Sellwood CT-0.9m-SVC 1 (Rutgers U.): “Cold Dark Matter and the Structure of Spiral Galaxies”

G. Wilson (UC Riverside), A. Muzzin (Yale U.), R. Demarco (UC Riverside), H. Yee CT-4m 5 (University of Toronto), M. Lacy (SSC), J. Gardner (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center), M. Gladders (U. of Chicago), J. Surace (SSC), H. Hoekstra (University of Victoria), C. Lonsdale (IPAC): “Detecting Clusters of Galaxies at 1 < z < 2 in the Spitzer SWIRE Legacy Fields”

L. Woodney (Cal State San Bernadino), Y. Fernandez (U. of Central Florida): “Comet Hale- SOAR 3 Bopp: Still Active at 27 AU?”

U.S. Thesis Programs♦

M. Bayliss (T), M. Gladders (U. of Chicago): “A Targeted Search for Lensed u-Band Dropout SOAR 4 Galaxies”

A. Burgasser (MIT), J. Faherty (T) (SUNY, Stony Brook), N. van der Bliek (CTIO), K. Cruz CT-4m 6 (California Institute of Technology), F. Vrba (US Naval Observatory), S. Schmidt (G) (U. of Washington), B. Swift (G) (U. of Arizona), A. West (UC Berkeley), J. Bochanski (G), S. Hawley (U. of Washington), J. Liebert (U. of Arizona), I. Reid (STScI), M. Shara (American Museum of Natural History): “The Brown Dwarf Kinematics Project: Parallaxes for Southern Low Luminosity Brown Dwarfs”

A. Cody (T), L. Hillenbrand (California Institute of Technology): “A Search for Pulsation in CT-1.0m 11 Young Brown Dwarfs”

J. Cummings (T), C. Deliyannis (Indiana U.): “Testing Galactic Li Production by Means of CT-4m 5 Young Clusters”

E. Egami (U. of Arizona), P. Marshall (UC Santa Barbara), P. Mazzotta (Harvard- CT-4m 4 Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), A. Evrard (U. of Michigan), J. Carlstrom (U. of Chicago), G. Smith, C. Haines, V. Hamilton-Morris (T), T. Targett (University of Birmingham), J. Kneib (Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille), A. Finoguenov (Max- Planck Institute für extraterrestrische Physik), M. Takada (Tohoku University), J. Taylor (University of Waterloo): “The Local Cluster Substructure Survey (LoCuSS): II. Exploring K- band Light as a Probe of Cluster Mass and Substructure”

J. Huchra (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), L. Macri (NOAO), K. Masters CT-1.5m-SVC 6 (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), T. Jarrett (IPAC), A. Crook (T) (MIT): “Mapping the Nearby Universe: The 2MASS Redshift Survey”

♦ Key: (G) = Graduate; (O) = Other; (T) = Thesis Student; (U) = Undergraduate

F-29 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

CTIO – Semester 2008B – Scheduled U.S. Programs (incl. U.S. Thesis Programs) ♦ Tel. Nights

R. Rich, C. Howard (T), D. Reitzel (UCLA), H. Zhao (U. of St. Andrews), K. Kuijken (Leiden CT-4m 8 University), A. Robin (Observatoire de Besancon), R. De Propris (NOAO), K. Griest (UC San Diego), A. Koch (UCLA), P. Frinchaboy (U. of Wisconsin Madison), M. Soto (Leiden University), W. Clarkson (STScI): “The Bulge Radial Velocity Assay: The Bulge/Disk/Halo Boundaries”

A. Saha, K. Olsen (NOAO), E. Tolstoy, T. De Boer (T) (Kapteyn Astronomical Institute), G. CT-0.9m-SVC 3.2 Battaglia (ESO), A. Cole (U. of Tasmania), M. Shetrone (U. of Texas, Austin): “Deep Imaging of Nearby Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies”

M. Schwamb (T), M. Brown (California Institute of Technology): “Kuiper Belt Recovery” CT-0.9m-SVC 4.8

A. Skemer (T), L. Close (U. of Arizona), B. Biller (U. of Hawai′i): “The Characteristics and CT-1.3m 0.89 Periodicity of Extinction Events in VV Ser: A Map of Dust Structures in the Inner-Rim of a Herbig AeBe Disk”

J. Wisniewski (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center), J. Davidson (T) (U. of Toledo), A. CT-4m 2 Magalhaes (IAGUSP), K. Bjorkman, J. Bjorkman (U. of Toledo): “The First Spectropolarimetric View of Potential Extragalactic Protoplanetary Disk Systems”

J. Ybarra (T), E. Lada (U. of Florida), R. Phelps (NSF): “Correlating Outflows with the CT-4m 4 Evolution of Embedded Clusters in the Rosette Molecular Cloud”

B. Zuckerman, C. Melis (T) (UCLA), I. Song (IPAC): “Hunting the Coolest Substellar CT-4m 6 Dwarfs”

F-30 OBSERVING PROGRAMS AND INVESTIGATORS SEMESTERS 2008 A/B

Community Access to the Private Telescopes

Under the Telescope System Instrumentation Program (TSIP), access to the telescopes of the major private observatories for 2008 included: the two Keck telescopes, the HET (semester 2008A only), the MMT, and the Magellan telescopes. In addition, current programs include the WIYN One-Degree Imager and MODS spectrograph for LBT, for which TSIP will gain access when those projects are complete and their facilities are ready for use. The number of nights available on each facility is typically 12–15 nights per semester, and these nights are highly oversubscribed (often by factors of three to six).

Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) – McDonald Obs.

HET – Semester 2008A — Scheduled U.S. Programs (Includes U.S. Thesis Programs) ♦ Tel. Nights

S. Kane, S. Mahadevan (U. of Florida): “Confirming the Nature of Potential Eclipsing Low-Mass HET 1.1 Stars Discovered with the SuperWASP Survey”

A. Kraus (G), L. Hillenbrand (California Institute of Technology): “The Fundamental Properties HET 3 of M Dwarf Eclipsing Binaries”

P. McCullough, C. Burke, J. Valenti (STScI), C. Johns-Krull (Rice U.), K. Janes (Boston U.), D. HET 1 Long (O) (STScI): “Eccentric XO Planets”

M. Muterspaugh, J. Edelstein (UC Berkeley), J. Johnson (U. of Hawai′i), J. Wright (UC HET 2 Berkeley): “Confirmation of the Low-Mass Exoplanet Orbiting GJ 176”

S. Schuler, V. Smith, K. Cunha (CTIO), S. Margheim (Gemini Observatory), D. Lambert (U. of HET 0.7 Texas, Austin): “Absorption Near the λ 6708 Li Feature in High-Resolution Spectra of Metal- Rich Dwarfs”

S. Zepf (Michigan State U.), K. Rhode (Indiana U.), A. Kundu (Michigan State U.), J. Salzer HET 0.6 (Indiana U.), T. Maccarone (University of Southampton), I. Shih (Michigan State U.): “HET/LRS Spectroscopy of a Black Hole in a NGC 4472 Globular Cluster”

♦ Key: (G) = Graduate; (O) = Other; (T) = Thesis Student; (U) = Undergraduate

F-31 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

Multi-Mirror Telescope (MMT)

MMT – Semester 2008A – Scheduled U.S. Programs (Includes U.S. Thesis Programs) Tel. Nights

V. Kulkarni, J. Meiring (G), D. Som (G) (U. of South Carolina): “Absorption Line Spectroscopy MMT 3 of Gravitationally Lensed Quasars and Binary Quasars: Probing the Structure of Interstellar Matter within Distant Galaxies”

M. Lacy (California Institute of Technology), S. Ridgway (CTIO), A. Sajina (SSC), C. Harrison MMT 2 (CTIO), L. Armus (SSC), D. Farrah (Cornell U.), A. Petric, L. Storrie-Lombardi (SSC): “The Luminosity Function of Dust Obscured Quasars”

R. Marzke (San Francisco State U.), A. Hornschemeier (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center), R. MMT 4 Smith (University of Durham), N. Miller (Johns Hopkins U.), M. Hudson (University of Waterloo), H. Ferguson (STScI), T. Bridges (Queen’s University), R. Tully (U. of Hawai′i), D. Carter, M. Mouhcine (Liverpool John Moores University), N. Trentham (IoA, Cambridge), N. Caldwell (Smithsonian Institution), J. Lucey (University of Durham): “The Faint End of the Red Sequence in the Coma Cluster: A Comprehensive Spectroscopic Survey from the Core to the Virial Radius”

U.S. Thesis Programs♦

T. Brink (T), M. Mateo (U. of Michigan): “The Kinematics of the Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy MMT 3 Stream”

C. Ly (T), M. Malkan (UCLA), T. Nagao, N. Kashikawa (NAOJ), K. Shimasaku (University of MMT 1 Tokyo): “Follow-up Spectroscopy for z.2 Emission-Line Galaxies in the Subaru Deep Field”

♦ Key: (G) = Graduate; (O) = Other; (T) = Thesis Student; (U) = Undergraduate

F-32 OBSERVING PROGRAMS AND INVESTIGATORS SEMESTERS 2008 A/B

W.M. Keck Observatory: Keck I and II

Keck – Semester 2008A – Scheduled U.S. Programs (Includes U.S. Thesis Programs) Tel. Nights

G. Bakos, G. Torres, D. Latham, R. Noyes, D. Sasselov (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Keck-I 2 Astrophysics): “Confirmation Spectroscopy of HATNet Transiting Exoplanet Candidates Using Keck-I/HIRES”

T. Barman, L. Prato (Lowell Observatory), D. Segransan (Observatoire de Geneve), J. Barnes Keck-II 0.5 (University of Hertfordshire): “Constraining the K-band Spectrum of a Transiting Extrasolar Planet”

T. Beers (Michigan State U.), J. Norris (Australian National University), C. Allende Prieto (U. of Keck-I 1 Texas, Austin), W. Aoki (NAOJ), M. Asplund (Max Planck Institut für Astrophysik), M. Bessell (Australian National University), N. Christlieb (Uppsala University), A. Frebel (U. of Texas, Austin), J. Johnson (Ohio State U.), J. Melendez (Australian National University), C. Sneden (U. of Texas, Austin), D. Yong (Australian National University): “A Dedicated Northern Search for the First Stars”

C. Bender, J. Carr (Naval Research Laboratory): “Direct Spectroscopy of Non-Transiting Keck-II 0.5 Extrasolar Planets”

K. Covey (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics), S. Edwards (Smith College), W. Keck-II 1 Fischer (G) (U. Mass): “Identifying the Origin of Winds in Young Stellar Objects: Spectroscopy of He I λ 10830 in Class I Sources”

B. Wakker (U. of Wisconsin Madison), D. York (U. of Chicago), T. Beers (Michigan State U.), Keck-I 1 R. Wilhelm (Texas Technical U.), J. Barentine (G) (U. of Texas, Austin), J. Howk (U. of Notre Dame), P. Richter (Universitat Bonn): “Distances to High-Velocity Clouds”

K. Williams, E. Jeffery (G) (U. of Texas, Austin): “Spectroscopic Confirmation of Candidate Keck-II 1 Type Ia Supernova Progenitors”

U.S. Thesis Programs♦

F. Hamann, L. Simon (T), P. Hidalgo (G) (U. of Florida): “Quasar Metallicities and Host Galaxy Keck-I 1 Evolution”

M. Prescott (T) (U. of Arizona), A. Dey, N. Reddy (NOAO): “Spectroscopic Follow-up of Low Keck-I 1 Redshift (z < 2) Lyman Alpha Emitting Galaxies”

Keck – Semester 2008B – Scheduled U.S. Programs (Includes U.S. Thesis Programs) Tel. Nights

G. Bakos, G. Torres, D. Latham, R. Noyes (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics): “Confirmation Spectroscopy of HATNet Transiting Exoplanet Candidates Using Keck-I/HIRES” Keck-I 2

D. Fischer (San Francisco State U.), S. Lepine (American Museum of Natural History), E. Gaidos (U. of Hawai′i), J. Valenti (STScI): “M-to-K: A Search for Planets around Low Mass Stars” Keck-I 2

B. Jannuzi (NOAO), J. Bechtold (U. of Arizona), N. Crighton, S. Morris (University of Durham), R. Dave (U. of Arizona): “Comparing the Distribution of the IGM and Galaxies Using a Triple QSO System” Keck-II 1

♦ Key: (G) = Graduate; (O) = Other; (T) = Thesis Student; (U) = Undergraduate

F-33 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

Keck – Semester 2008B – Scheduled U.S. Programs (Includes U.S. Thesis Programs) Tel. Nights

A. McWilliam (Carnegie Observatories): “Detail Chemical Composition of M33 Globular Clusters” Keck-I 3

J. O'Meara (Penn State Worthington Scranton), J. Prochaska (UC Santa Cruz), J. Howk (U. of Keck-I 1 Notre Dame), N. Kanekar (NRAO): “LRIS Imaging of z > 2.3 Damped Lyman-(alpha) Systems”

C. Papovich (Texas A&M U.), G. Rudnick (NOAO), P. van Dokkum (Yale U.), C. Willmer, G. Keck-I 1 Rieke (U. of Arizona), T. Webb (McGill University), M. Dickinson (NOAO), M. Damen (G) (Leiden University), E. Egami (U. of Arizona), M. Franx (Leiden University), D. Marcillac (U. of Arizona), N. Reddy (NOAO), M. Rieke (U. of Arizona), E. Taylor (G) (Leiden University), B. Weiner (U. of Arizona): “Redshift Survey of 24-Detected Massive Galaxies at 1.5 < z < 3”

N. Russo, R. Vervack, H. Weaver (Johns Hopkins U.), D. Bockelee-Morvan, N. Biver, J. Keck-II 1 Crovisier (Observatoire de Paris), H. Kawakita, H. Kobayashi (G) (Kyoto Sangyo University): “Determining the Volatile Chemistry of Comets 6P/d’Arrest and C/2007 W1 Boattini”

G. Schaefer (Georgia State U.), L. Prato (Lowell Observatory), M. Simon (SUNY, Stony Brook), Keck-II 0.5 G. Mace (G) (Lowell Observatory): “Precise Masses of Young Stars in Taurus”

B. Weiner, A. Coil (U. of Arizona), R. Yan (University of Toronto), M. Cooper (U. of Arizona): Keck-I 2 “Outflowing Winds in Post-Starburst Galaxies to z = 1”

U.S. Thesis Programs♦

E. Gibb, D. Horne (U. of Missouri St. Louis), S. Shenoy (IPAC), D. Blake (T), K. Van Brunt (T) Keck-II 2 (U. of Missouri St. Louis), S. Brittain (Clemson U.), T. Rettig (U. of Notre Dame): “Organic Molecules in Protoplanetary Disks”

♦ Key: (G) = Graduate; (O) = Other; (T) = Thesis Student; (U) = Undergraduate

F-34 OBSERVING PROGRAMS AND INVESTIGATORS SEMESTERS 2008 A/B

Magellan Telescopes

Magellan – Semester 2008A – Scheduled U.S. Programs (Includes U.S. Thesis Programs)♦ Tel. Nights

J. Fulbright (Johns Hopkins U.), E. Grebel (Heidelberg University), G. Ruchti (G), R. Wyse Magellan-II 1 (Johns Hopkins U.): “Elemental Abundances and Kinematics of Very Metal-Poor RAVE Stars”

U.S. Thesis Programs

J. Meiring (T), V. Kulkarni (U. of South Carolina), C. Peroux (Observatoire Astronomique de Magellan-II 2 Strasbourg), J. Lauroesch (U. of Louisville), P. Khare (Utkal University), D. York (U. of Chicago): “Probing the Chemical Content of the Universe with Sub-DLA Systems”

Magellan – Semester 2008B – Scheduled U.S. Programs (Includes U.S. Thesis Programs) Tel. Nights

C. Papovich (Texas A&M U.), M. Brodwin, J. Lotz (NOAO), I. Momcheva (G) (U. of Arizona), Magellan-I 2 G. Rudnick (NOAO), K. Tran (ITP), C. Willmer (U. of Arizona), P. McCarthy (Carnegie Observatories), S. Khan (Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile), M. Rieke, S. Sivanandam (G) (U. of Arizona): “Survey of IRAC-Selected Galaxy Cluster Candidates at z>1.3”

U.S. Thesis Programs

J. Gauthier (T), H. Chen, J. Tinker (U. of Chicago): “Probing the Gaseous Halos of 2dF Galaxies” Magellan-II 2

E. Levesque (T) (U. of Hawai′i), P. Massey (Lowell Observatory), K. Olsen (NOAO), B. Plez Magellan-I 2 (Universite de Montpellier II): “Red Supergiants in NGC 6822 and WLM: Tests of Massive Stellar Models at Low Metallicity”

G. Ruchti (T), J. Fulbright, R. Wyse (Johns Hopkins U.): “Elemental Abundances of the Metal- Magellan-II 2 Poor Thick Disk from RAVE”

♦ Key: (G) = Graduate; (O) = Other; (T) = Thesis Student; (U) = Undergraduate

F-35

APPENDIX G NEW ORGANIZATIONAL PARTNERS AND COLLABORATIONS IN FY08

New Partnerships and Collaborations

ƒ Lowell Observatory – ReSTAR Phase 1 implementation partner

ƒ The Ohio State University – ReSTAR Phase 1 implementation partner

ƒ California Institute of Technology – ReSTAR Phase 1 implementation partner

ƒ Cornell University – ReSTAR Phase 1 implementation partner

ƒ Las Cumbres Observatory – ReSTAR Phase 1 implementation partner

ƒ Harvey Mudd College – Collaboration through their Clinic Program to develop and characterize modifications for the MONSOON array controller

Renewed Partnerships and Collaborations

ƒ None for FY08

Ongoing Partnerships and Collaborations

ƒ Vanderbilt University/Fisk University – Proposed PAARE partnership to establish joint program to enhance graduate opportunities for minority students (proposal submitted)

ƒ South Carolina State University – PAARE partnership to establish joint mentoring program for minority undergraduate and graduate students

ƒ Dark Energy Survey (DES) Consortium – CTIO/Data Products Program partnership to design, construct, and commission the Dark Energy Camera on the Blanco 4-m telescope along with associated data pipelines and archives (www.darkenergysurvey.org/)

ƒ Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) Corporation, Inc. – Partnership to design, construct, and operate the LSST, its camera, and the associated data processing, archiving, cataloging, and alerting software (www.lsst.org/About/LSSTcorp.shtml)

ƒ Instrumentation collaborations with the University of Florida, Space Telescope Science Institute, and Goddard Space Flight Center – Partnerships to support design, construction, and commissioning of FLAMINGOS-2 (Gemini-S), WHIRC (WIYN), and IRMOS (Mayall), respectively

ƒ Small and Medium Aperture Research Telescope System (SMARTS) – CTIO partnership to operate the 1.5-m, 1.3-m, and 0.9-m telescopes on Cerro Tololo (www.astro.yale.edu/smarts/)

ƒ National Virtual Observatory – Data Products Program partnership to design and implement a national repository and archive for digital astronomical data

G-1 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

ƒ University of Maryland – KPNO partnership to support instrument development at KPNO

ƒ Clemson University – KPNO partnership to support operations of the Mayall 4-m telescope

ƒ University of Illinois – CTIO partnership to support operations of the Blanco 4-m telescope

ƒ Yonsei University – CTIO partnership to support operations of the Blanco 4-m telescope

G-2

APPENDIX H DIVERSITY AND BROADER PARTICIPATION WITHIN NOAO

NOAO is committed to foster, encourage, and enhance geographic, gender, ethnic, and racial diversity among its employees and programs in promoting astronomical research. NOAO is proud to assist in preparing diverse, globally engaged science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) activities. Our focus is to broaden participation from underrepresented groups, institutions that do not have access to activities in astronomy (especially smaller institutions and institutions with high percentages of underrepresented groups), and geographic areas that have not had the opportunity to participate in the overall field of astronomy.

NOAO’s Workforce

NOAO’s FY08 workforce demographics and changes are represented in the following table. Women or minorities accounted for 25% of the staff promotions. A diverse mix of 38 new staff members was hired in FY08, comprising 17 women (52%) and 5 minority group members (2%). Recruitment and retention of a diverse workforce is at the forefront of NOAO’s staffing plan. Hiring preference is given to the Tohono O’odham Nation due to our location on KPNO and Tucson’s proximity to the reservation. NOAO sends recruitment notices to the tribal organization TERO, and we meet bi- annually to work out procedures and keep the communication lines open. Human Resources staff participated in job fairs, career days, and public outreach programs specifically addressing minority group member needs, within the nearby Native American community, for disadvantaged students, and within the local community. NOAO maintains an active membership in the Southern Arizona Indian Workforce Development Council (SAIWDC), an advisory body providing employment consultation as well as other programs and activities to the Tucson Indian Center. In FY08, we began recruitment through multiple sites and options for our scientific/astronomer vacancy. This allowed for a broader pool to be considered, which proved to be successful as we were able to hire an additional woman scientist. Over the past seven years, we have placed trailing partners/spouses in positions where qualifications and backgrounds are a match. We have successfully placed two in scientific positions in this process, and a third applied and was accepted in another. NOAO continues to enhance our benefit program to promote a broader, diverse workforce in the following ways:

ƒ Training programs, seminars, conferences, and on-site training to enhance the quality of employee skills.

ƒ Tuition reimbursement programs.

ƒ Continuing accommodations for staff members with temporary or long-term disabilities.

ƒ Updating the approved policies and procedures manual for language and content supporting increased diversity.

ƒ Involving a diverse group of individuals in all search committees and other recruitment practices.

ƒ Enhancing the NOAO Life Insurance policy and introducing a health and wellness program that provided screening mammographies.

H-1 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

10/01/2007 to 09/30/2008

NOAO NEW HIRES (Excluding Temporary Employees)

MALE FEMALE Amer Ind Native Haw Two or More Amer Ind Native Haw Two or More TOTAL Male Female Minorities Black Asian Native AK White Hispanic Pac Isl Races Black Asian Native AK White Hispanic Pac Isl Races MANAGERS 211 0 1 1 SCIENTIFIC STAFF 211 0 1 1 PROFESSIONALS 523 0 2 3 TECHNICIANS 10 7 3 3 1 6 1 1 1 ADMINISTRATIVE OR CLERICAL 606 1 15 SKILL CRAFT/TRADE WORKER 000 0 SERVICE AND UNSKILLED 321 2 2 1

TOTAL NEW HIRES 28 13 15 6 10 2 10 0 0 0 0 1 1 12 1 0 0 % OF NEW HIRES 0 1 0 3.6% 7.1% 35.7% 3.6% 3.6% 42.9% 3.6%

NOAO Promotions

MALE FEMALE Amer Ind Native Haw Two or More Amer Ind Native Haw Two or More TOTAL Male Female Minorities Black Asian Native AK White Hispanic Pac Isl Races Black Asian Native AK White Hispanic Pac Isl Races 651 1 0104000000100 0#Promotions MANAGERS 39 34 5 2 0 1 0 33 0 0 0 1 0 0 4 0 0 0 # Incumbents 440 0 0004000000000 0#Promotions SCIENTIFIC STAFF 49 36 13 11 0 5 0 30 1 0 0 1 3 0 8 1 0 0 # Incumbents 853 0 0005000000300 0#Promotions PROFESSIONALS 68 52 16 7 0 3 0 47 2 0 0 0 0 0 14 2 0 0 # Incumbents 330 0 0003000000000 0#Promotions TECHNICIANS 51 42 9 7 1 2 0 37 2 0 0 0 1 7 1 0 0 # Incumbents 413 0 0001000000300 0#Promotions ADMINISTRATIVE OR CLERICAL 38 5 33 7 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 1 2 26 4 0 0 # Incumbents 211 2 0010000001000 0#Promotions SKILL CRAFT/TRADE WORKER 15 15 0 7 1 0 4 8 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 # Incumbents 000 0 0000000000000 0#Promotions SERVICE AND UNSKILLED 1486 8 10322 0 0 0 0 2 4 0 0 0 # Incumbents

TOTAL PROMOTIONS 2719 8 3 01 1 170 0 0 0 0 1 7 0 0 0 TOTAL INCUMBENTS 274 192 82 49 3 11 7 162 9 0 0 2 4 5 63 8 0 0

% OF POPULATION 70.1% 29.9% 17.9% 1.1% 4.0% 2.6% 59.1% 3.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.7% 1.5% 1.8% 23.0% 2.9% 0.0% 0.0% % PROMOTIONS 9.9% 70.4% 29.6% 11.1% 0.0% 3.7% 3.7% 63.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 3.7% 25.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

H-2 DIVERSITY AND BROADER PARTICIPATION WITHIN NOAO

Students and Teachers

Broader participation is carried out in many ways throughout NOAO. We continue to enhance future recruitment for KPNO and CTIO through our widely respected Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) programs. Participation in our REU programs by women and minorities is at or above their representative levels in the larger science community, and more than 80% of our attendees remain in astronomy or other STEM careers. Following is information regarding the participants in the FY08 REU programs and statistics related to the past five years:

NOAO North (KPNO) REU

2008 KPNO REU Participants and Affiliations: Timothy Arnold Ohio State University Taylor Chonis University of Nebraska, Lincoln Matthew Henderson Clemson University Tiffany Meshkat University of California, Los Angeles Ashley Stewart University of Arkansas Matthew Zagursky University of Maryland

Diversity Statistics (30 students: 2004–2008) Female 50.0% (15/30) Male 50.0% (15/30) Hispanic American 3.3% (1/30) Native American 3.3% (1/30) Mixed 3.3% (1/30) African American 0.0% (0/30) Asian American 0.0% (0/30) Caucasian 90.0% (27/30)

NOAO South (CTIO) REU/PIA

2008 CTIO REU and PIA Participants and Affiliations Emma Crow-Willard Occidental College Emily Lynch Dartmouth College Peter Mares Cornell University Amit Misra Case Western Reserve University Adele Plunkett Middlebury College Matthew Schenker Dartmouth College Macarena Campos (PIA) Universidad de Concepción Regis Cartier (PIA) Universidad de Chile

Diversity Statistics (48 students: 2004–2008) Female 54.0% (26/48) Hispanic/Latino 29.0% (14/48) American Indian/Alaska Native 0.0% (0/48) Black or African American 2.0% (1/48) Asian 2.0% (1/48) Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander 0.0% (0/48) White 67.0% (32/48)

H-3 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

Furthermore, the REU program is being expanded to add the NSF Partnerships in Astronomy & Astrophysics Research and Education (PAARE) program to the mix of its mentoring activities; examples include South Carolina State University (D. Walter), S. Howell of NOAO PAEO, and Vanderbilt University/Fiske University (K. Stassun). A summary of other outreach activities that enhance NOAO broader participation includes the following:

ƒ More than 140 high school teachers with the ability to promote astronomy research have participated in the NOAO Research Based Science Education (RBSE) program, developing their ability to teach a research astronomy class, during its first decade. These teachers have influenced hundreds of students, and several teachers have gone on to an advanced RBSE program conducted with the Spitzer Science Center using data from the Spitzer Space Telescope. Their students have won top awards at the annual international Intel science fair.

ƒ Nearly 200 teachers were trained by professional development programs at CADIAS and another 700 visited the center.

ƒ Project ASTRO Tucson impacts more than 30 middle school and grade school classrooms per year with partnerships between teachers and astronomers (professionals and local amateurs), who commit to at least four activities per year. Together with the 180 teachers and 91 astronomers estimated to be currently active from previous training workshops, they directly impact an estimated 5,000–7,000 students in Tucson annually.

ƒ Project and Family ASTRO-related activities, such as our booth at the annual Tucson FunFest and the La Serena “Teleton” for disabled children, reach thousands more people each year.

ƒ NOAO participates in a GK-12 program with the University of Arizona that has reached hundreds of teachers and thousands of students in the Tucson area.

ƒ NOAO engineering staff have volunteered to teach a clinic at Harvey Mudd College during the 2008-2009 academic year, providing students there with an opportunity to do real engineering work on a real problem with state-of-the-art astronomical technology, under the guidance of NOAO engineering staff.

The General Public

ƒ More than 7,000 people from ages 10–80 participate in the four-hour Nightly Observing Program on Kitt Peak, part of 50,00 annual visitors from around the world who stop in the Kitt Peak Visitor Center to review the exhibits, talk to a docent, or take a guided tour.

ƒ NOAO and Gemini, working with the University of La Serena, have created the Centro de Apoyo a la Didáctica de la Astronomía (CADIAS), a community science center and Internet- connected library in Altovalsol, Chile, that drew 10,000 annual visitors in 2007 for stargazing programs and other activities. The team also conducted 22 public events in and around La Serena.

ƒ More than 14,000 people in Chile attended a mobile planetarium program during 2007 operated for several years by Gemini and NOAO. The team also conducted 22 public events in and around La Serena.

H-4 DIVERSITY AND BROADER PARTICIPATION WITHIN NOAO

Proactive promotion of NOAO staff diversity and broadening participation in the U.S. science enterprise are an essential part of the NOAO program. Recently NOAO appointed Katy Garmany and Dara Norman as Diversity Co-advocates. They will enhance our NOAO broader participation program throughout the entire organization. Further in-depth participation for FY08 can be found in the program updates and appendices.

H-5

APPENDIX I FOURTH QUARTER SITE SAFETY REPORT

OSHA Recordable Occupational Injuries, Illnesses, and Other Incidentsg

ƒ Tucson experienced an unfortunate event on August 12 when a Central Alarm Security Officer was bumped by a piece of furniture that was being moved by a CFO staff member. The security officer lost his balance and fell onto his left arm, suffering a fractured left arm.

ƒ J. Kennedy and D. Clemons responded to a woman who had fallen at the KPNO picnic grounds during the early hours of the Kitt Peak Tohono O’odham Nation Open House on September 13. She had fallen and landed on a rock, which caused a minor injury on the right side upper thigh. A call was placed to 911, and an ambulance was dispatched from Sells. She was sent to St. Mary’s Hospital as a precaution. There was only one other minor incident involving a sick youngster during the event.

Safety and Health

ƒ This quarter, J. Kennedy, the PAEO nightly observing program supervisor and mountain EMT, was busy conducting First-Aid, CPR, and AED classes for the Tucson facility. He averaged three classes per month and trained 30 employees. Kitt Peak classes will be held late fall and winter of 2008.

ƒ A Kitt Peak Summer Shutdown Safety, Health, and Environmental Action Plan was completed and reviewed with the project engineer, W. Goble. The summer shutdown was successfully executed with only one minor first-aid case.

ƒ C. Gessner continued to collaborate with SLAC’s safety manager, F. O’Neill, in developing the LSST “Safety—Risk Management Plan” and other documents. A draft program plan was submitted to LSST’s V. Krabbendam for his review this quarter.

ƒ Much progress was made with the ATST safety suite of documents in preparation for the Systems Design Review scheduled for the week of 3 November 2008. Documents include: System Safety Plan, Hazard Analysis Plan, ATST Safety, Health, and Environmental Plan, ATST Safety and Health Specification for Contractors, ATST Hazardous Materials and Hazardous Waste Management Program, ATST Facility Design Assessment of Code Requirements, Conditions for Working at the ATST Project, and Safety Health Questionnaire for Contractors.

ƒ The Kitt Peak Tohono O’odham Nation Open House, held September 13 was well attended, and the planning for emergency response and safety allowed the night to go smoothly. The Tohono O’odham Department of Public Safety and the Indian Health Services participated in the open house.

g Site safety reports for the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd fiscal quarters are published in the respective NOAO Quarterly Reports.

I-1 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

Insurance

ƒ A late start was made with the AURA annual insurance review for various reasons. With the help of K. Ray, who capably managed her tasks and shared ideas to improve next year’s renewal, all insurances for AURA, WIYN, SOAR, and LSST were bound before October 1, with the exception of excess and umbrella insurance for AURA. That policy was extended for thirty days to allow the search to continue for favorable premiums.

Other Activities

C. Gessner handed the title of president of the Southern Arizona American Society of Safety Engineers (ASSE) to the newly elected president at an ASSE board meeting on July 7. Gessner will continue on the board as Past President. Gessner’s achievements were recognized by National ASSE. The following is an excerpt from the August 2008 Southern Arizona ASSE newsletter: Under President Chuck Gessner’s leadership, The SA-ASSE Chapter earned a Chapter STARS Award for the 2006-2007 Program Year. ASSE describes the STARS Award as an award that …is intended to recognize Chapters that give their members superior service by providing quality programs designed to advance the professional growth of their members, support the mission and vision of ASSE, and make a positive impact on the people, property, and environment in their community. The SA-ASSE Chapter is proud to have earned this Award and will strive to continue to provide effective and timely opportunities to our members in the future.

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APPENDIX J SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM ORDERS AND AMENDMENTS

SPO #5 AST-0335461 Telescope System Instrumentation Program (TSIP)

An independent review committee met in October 2007 (chair, A. Kinney, NASA) to review seven proposals. The review panel recommended funding four proposals including one for system access and three for system (instrument) development. The proposals were “An Adaptive Secondary for Magellan (AOM2),” “Preliminary Design Study for Keck Next-Generation Adaptive Optics (NGAO),” the “MMT Magellan Infrared Spectrometer (MMIRS),” and “System Access to MMT.” In addition to these four new projects, the current projects being overseen by the TSIP office at NOAO are: the One- Degree Imager (ODI), a large orthogonal transfer CCD focal plane for WIYN; MODS2, the dual- channel multi-object spectrometer for LBT (copy 2, by Ohio State); and MOSFIRE, the Keck near- infrared multi-object spectrometer. In FY08, the program “Mosaic2, a New CCD Focal Plane for the IMACS Imager at Magellan” was successfully completed. Other highlights include MOSFIRE being in full-scale development, MODS1 at Ohio State approaching delivery (scheduled for Q2 FY09), and significant progress on ODI. Throughout FY08, R. Blum and M. Trueblood participated in management oversight activities for the instrumentation projects listed above. These activities included monthly reports (both written and via teleconference) from the projects and a visit to the Keck Science Meeting 2008 (September 18) to see results from Keck including TSIP observers. For further information, please refer to the TSIP annual report for FY08, which can be found at: www.noao.edu/dir/spo/TSIP-annual-report08.pdf.

SPO #6 AST-0336888 Adaptive Optics Development Program

The AODP annual report for 2008 was submitted 24 June 2008 to the NSF and is available at: www.noao.edu/system/aodp/aodp-ar-2008.pdf. Updates on the sub-awards follow:

ƒ Sub-Award #C33001T “A Noiseless Imaging Detector for AO with Kilohertz Frame Rates.” UC Berkeley has received the full amount of the total award, and the sub-award is closed. Final presentation was made at the June SPIE conference. No work on the contract occurred in the fourth quarter of FY08.

ƒ Sub-Award #C33002T “Development of the Next Generation Optical Detectors for Wavefront Sensing.” Work on the sub-award continued under a no-cost extension to CARA that ends 31 December 2008. As noted in the recent AODP annual report, the design of the phase 2 device was completed and the layout is ready for production on the next available wafer run. This wafer run is expected to occur early in FY09. Test results for phase 1 devices will be available within a few months.

ƒ Sub-Award #C33003T “Pulsed Fiber Laser for Guide Stars.” Work on the sub-award continued under a no-cost contract extension to Lawrence Livermore National Labs that ends 31 October 2008. The full 10W version of the new 1583 nm fiber amplifier design was constructed in July. Sum frequency mixing experiments were performed in August and September and the full system

J-1 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

was finished and tested the end of September. Additional funding for replacing components, additional testing, and moving the laser and installing it in the Lick Observatory is being sought.

ƒ Sub-Award #C33005T “Compact Modular Scalable Versatile LGS Architecture for 8–100-m Telescopes.” Lockheed Martin Coherent Technology, Inc. (LMCTI) has received all funding under this sub-award. Phase III (the final phase) work has begun and will continue through June 2009. A review of all previous work was held in September in Tucson including the latest results and presentation of the Phase III goals.

SPO #7 AST-0432601 Support for Conferences, Symposia, Workshops and Other Meetings

No new funding was received in FY08, however, the GLOBE at Night program continued to collect data. Further information can be found in the annual report at: www.noao.edu/dir/spo/Globe-at-Night-report08.pdf.

SPO #9 AST-0551161 Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Project

This Scientific Program Order is issued pursuant to Cooperative Agreement, No. AST-0132798, Article VII, and is subject to the provisions of the Agreement. SPO-9 (AST-0551161) was issued to support the design and development of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope via a sub-award to the LSST Corporation (LSSTC), in accordance with proposal No. AST-0551161 submitted by AURA. The LSST is a proposed large-aperture, wide-field, ground-based telescope designed to obtain sequential images of the entire visible sky every few nights. The optical design involves a 3-mirror system with an annular 8.4-m primary; the effective collecting area is equivalent to a 6.7-m diameter unobstructed primary. The mirror system feeds three refractive correcting elements inside a camera, providing a 10-square-degree field of view sampled by a 3-Gigapixel focal plane array. The total effective system throughput, AΩ 318 m2 deg2, is nearly two orders of magnitude larger than that of any existing facility. The survey will yield contiguous overlapping imaging of more than 20,000 square degrees of sky in 6 optical bands covering the wavelength regime 300–1100 nm. AURA has provided the initial funding, via a sub-award, for the design and development activities to be coordinated by the LSST Corporation. In the fall of 2005, NOAO issued an original sub-ward for the design and development of the LSST to the LSSTC. The original amount allocated to the sub-award with LSST was $3,859,859. An amendment was issued on 26 March 2007 for $4,157,415, and one on 29 January 2008 extended the period of performance and amended the payment schedule. On 16 June 2008, supplemental funding in the amount of $207,729 was provided to SPO-9 to include support for the “LSST FAST Program: Expanding Participation of Underrepresented Minorities in LSST.” Working with LSST’s Manager for Education and Public Outreach, individual sub-awards were subsequently awarded in accordance with the FAST Program’s proposal. Final funding for FY08 on the Design and Development of the LSST was made on 25 July 2008 in the amount of $705,890. NOAO accordingly amended its sub-award with LSSTC. Funds awarded under SPO-9 to LSSTC, including these last two amendments, now total $8,411,742. NOAO continues to provide business services to LSSTC with the intention of assisting LSSTC to become an independent and viable corporation. They now have had three consecutive audits for the years FY 2005, FY 2006 and FY 2007 all with unqualified opinions and that have yielded no findings. An A-133 audit was also conducted for FY 2006 and FY 2007 that also reported no findings. The full LSST project report can be found at: www.lsst.org/files/docs/lsst-ar-fy08-public.pdf.

J-2 SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM ORDERS AND AMENDMENTS

SPO #10 AST-0443999 Giant Segmented Mirror Telescope Project

During this reporting period, both U.S. projects, the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) and Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT), have made progress on items considered on the critical path. Both have continued to seek additional partners and additional private funding. In particular, both projects have directly expressed their desire for NSF participation during the construction and operations phase. At the end of FY08, both projects will have received nearly $8 Million in direct and in-kind Federal support. Although relatively small compared to project total costs, this Federal support has been an important part of their respective programs and has enabled AURA/NOAO to remain fully engaged in their efforts. The annual report can be found at: www.noao.edu/dir/spo/GSMT-annual-report08.pdf. Amendment No. 5 was issued to SPO-10 AST-0443999 on 25 July 2008 to provide $5,000,000 for continued support of the project entitled: “Enabling a Giant Segmented Mirror Telescope for the United States Astronomical Community.” The period of performance was also modified through 31 March 2009. These funds continue to support operation of the GSMT Science Working Group and for sub-awards issued by NOAO on the two designs for the Giant Segmented Mirror Telescope: (1) TMT, Inc. on behalf of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) and (2) the Carnegie Institution of Washington on behalf of the Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT). Initial funding for SPO-10 in the amount of $1M was received at the end of FY05, $2M was received in FY06, and $5M was received in FY07. These funds, plus the additional $5M from Amendment No. 5 funds awarded under this SPO-10, now total $13,000,000. Both sub-awardees are presently undergoing contract negotiations to: (1) amend the period of performance through 31 March 2009; and (2) increase funding utilizing the recently provided funds. The table below shows the cash and “in-kind” support for both projects.

In Kind Direct Direct GRANT AURA SPO 10 Total TMT TMT GMT AURA EPO Indirect (Grant) Support FY05 879 513 416 57 15 1000 1879 FY06 2406 1031 820 106 43 2000 4406 FY07 358 1461 3444 0 95 5000 5358 FY08 1343 3312 247 99 5001 5001 FY09 Total 3643 4348 7991 410 252 $13,001 $16,644 Grand Total 7991 7991

Difference through FY06 3594 Difference through FY07 1969 Difference through FY08 0

TMT, Inc was originally awarded a sub-award for the TMT on 8 March 2006 in the amount of $440,280. Subsequent cash amendments have increased funding to a total of $3,005,296. The amendment currently under negotiation will add an additional $1,343,000, bringing the total sub- award amount to $4,348,296 through 31 March 2009. This history is shown below in Table 1:

Table 1 FY 06 440,280 FY 07 1,104,016 FY 08 1,461,000 FY 09 1,343,000 Total 4,348,296

J-3 NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008

The Carnegie Institution of Washington likewise was awarded a sub-award on 6 October 2006 in the initial amount of $1,235,419. Subsequent amendments increased funding to a total of $4,679,419. The amendment currently under negotiation will add an additional $3,312,000 bringing the total sub- award amount to $7,990,419 through 31 March 2009. This history is shown in Table 2:

Table 2 FY 06 410,541 FY 07 824,878 FY 08 3,444,000 FY 09 3,312,000 Total 7,991,419

Due to the current cooperative agreement expiration, and the negotiations of another five-year agreement, AURA/NOAO will be working with NSFT to request a “no-cost extension” to the current design and development award in order to match the original SPO-10 budgeting schedule. AURA/NOAO, as Program Manager, has worked through the GSMT Science Working Group to enhance broader public engagement and to advance the Design Reference Mission concept. Two major meetings held in September 2007 and June 2008 have provided important input that will be relevant to the upcoming Decadal Survey discussions. NOAO intends to continue this important activity. In addition, a major meeting held August 1 of this reporting period has established an understanding on the need for and approach towards a community-based independent review of the two projects. The GSMT Program Office (GSMTPO) continues to monitor the progress of both the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) and Giant Magellan Telescope (GMT) projects on behalf of NSF. Both projects are actively engaged in their design and development phases. This past year the SWG was modified to include a greater proportion of representatives not directly involved with TMT/GMT. A workshop on Giant Telescopes was held in June 2008 that included approximately 100 participants from throughout the U.S. astronomical community. The science use cases from that meeting can be found at: www.gsmt.noao.edu/swgt-suc.php. Public Outreach has been an important part of the NOAO effort under SPO-10. Instructional materials on site testing and adaptive optics, and other hands-on materials have been prepared and are in use.

Ongoing GSMT Program Office Efforts

ƒ Identifying areas of commonality or overlap in technology with a view towards optimizing federal and non-federal budgetary commitments.

ƒ Carrying out any appropriate independent technology efforts of importance to both programs and, ideally, to the O/IR community as a whole, subject to available funding.

ƒ Participating in development of instruments, adaptive optics systems, and similar projects intended for use on ELTs to which the community has access.

ƒ Planning for the interfaces for community access, potentially including queue scheduling, as well as archiving and archive access.

ƒ Assisting NSF in defining and realizing possible alternatives to a competitive down-select between TMT and GMT.

ƒ AURA/NOAO will advise NSF on options for international collaboration at a governmental level.

J-4 SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM ORDERS AND AMENDMENTS

SPO #11 AST-0647604 CTIO Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU)

There are no activities to report at this time.

SPO #13 AST-0754223 KPNO Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU)

The six 2008 KPNO Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) students worked on their various projects (table below). They will present papers on those projects at the January 2008 AAS.

REU Student Affiliation Mentors Project

Timothy Arnold Ohio State University S. Howell, K. Mighell, “A Wavelet Time Series Analysis of and K. Garmany Aperiodic Variable Stars in the Kepler Field” Taylor Chonis University of C. Claver and J. "Site Characterization of El Peñón: Nebraska, Lincoln Sebag Site of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope" Matthew Clemson University W. Sherry "Collinder 121: An Analysis of It's Henderson Pre-Main Sequence Population" Tiffany Meshkat University of C. Claver and K. “Deep Photometry of the Open California, Los Mighell Cluster IC4651" Angeles Ashley Stewart University of J. Glaspey "Analyzing the Effects of Scattered Arkansas Light on Stellar Photometry" Matthew Zagursky University of J. Lotz "Investigating Galaxy Mergers with Maryland IGNITE"

J-5