DOCSLIB.ORG

Preliminary Catalogue of Isaac Roberts's Collection of Photographs of Celestial Objects

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Preliminary Catalogue of Isaac Roberts's Collection of Photographs of Celestial Objects ASTRONOMISCHE NACHRICHTEN. Nr. 4154. Band 174. 2. Preliminary catalogue of Isaac Roberts’s collection of photographs of celestial objects. By Dorotha Isaac-Roberts. The Isaac Roberts collection of celestial photographs The number of the copies of the forthcoming paper comprises 2485 original negatives of stars, star-clusters, being very limited, the observatories and astronomers, official nebulae and other celestial objects together with many posi. or amateur, who are specially interested in photographic tives on glass and on paper, taken by the late Dr. Isaac astronomy will please send in their names to the address Roberts or, under his incessant supervision, by his assistant given below, early in 1907, in order that the various parts W. S. Franks, F. R. A. S., at Dr. Roberts’s Private Obser- of the complete catalogue may be sent to them in course vatory, Kennessee, Maghull, near Liverpool (1885-1 890) and, of time. from 1890 to 1904, at Starfield, Crowborough, Sussex. Positives- on-glass reproduced from the Isaac Roberts Of the above mentioned negatives, negatives will be lent for the purpose of micrometric mea- I) 1412 were taken with the zo-in Reflector (focal surements, if, application be made and provided that the length = 98.0 ins) and with an exposure of the plate of documents be returned after completion of the measurements. ninety minutes in general. In the preliminary catalogue given below, the numbers 2) 648 with the 5-in Cooke lens (f. 1. = 19.22 ins) of Dr. Dreyer’s New General Catalogue of Nebulae and which was mounted on the tube of the zo-in Reflector; or, Clusters of Stars and of Dr. Dreyer’s Index Catalogue have in some cases, with the 4-in Voigtlander (f. 1. = I 1.2 ins) been made use of; and, in order to save still more space, or with the 31/2-in Dallmeyer (f. I. = 9.56 ins). The ex- the NGC. numbers and the Ind. C. numbers for the con- posures with the Reflector and the Objective were simul- secutive hours of right ascension have been tabulated, the taneous. units of the first and second order forming the table, the With the exception of 140 negatives which are on units of the third and fourth orders are placed to the left plates 6 ins x 6 ins, the Isaac Roberts negatives measure of the line. 4 inches by 4 inches and are covered by a’ field of two de- The NGC. and Ind. C. numbers marked with a refer grees in diameter with the 20-in Reflector, 11 degrees in to published data found in: diameter with the Cooke lens, I I degrees in diameter, without too much distorsion, by the Dallrneyer, Voigtlander I. R. I 1 Isaac Roberts’s photographs of stars, star-clusters and Lerebours lenses. I. R. I1 J and nebulae, volumes I and I1 In the early days of Isaac Roberts’s astrophotographic .4. N. Astronomische Nachrichten career, many experimental plates were taken by him with Kn. Knowledge lenses ranging from three-eights to four inches in aperture. Obs. Observatory During the years 1885 and 1886, at Maghull, with R. I. A. Royal Irish Academy his zo-in Reflector and an exposure of the plate of 15 mi- M. N. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astr. Society nutes, he took Ap. J. Astrophysical Journal B. A. A. British Astronomical Association 3) 425 negatives, with the object of making a com- A. S. P. Astronomical Society of the Pacific plete chart of the heavens on a scale double of that of Bulletin de la Carte du Ciel. Argelander. The work was discontinued in 1887, in consequence placed after NGC. or Ind. C. numbers serve to in- of the International Astrophotographic Congress undertaking dicate that on the corresponding Isaac Roberts plates new to execute it. nebulae, not recorded in the catalogues, have been found. As soon as circumstances permit, a complete list of The present preliminary catalogue is published with Isaac Roberts’s tribute to astronomy will be published in the hope that the Isaac Roberts documents of celestial ob- accordance with the wishes and instructions of the deceased. jects may be of immediate service to astronomy. 2 19 4154 20 Preliminary catalogue of Isaac Roberts's collection of photographs of celestial objects. RA. oh. NGC. o 12i 23~29~ 56, 681 83 NGC.205, 221, 224: I.R.131~I.R.1163,M.N.49.65,Obs.12.94. I I0i 29~367 461 47, 85 - NGC. 246: I.R.11 123. - NGC. 253: Kn. 1900 p. 132. - 2 05-1 21', 24', 251 46', 471 53'~ 781 81' NGC. 281 : 1. R.11 147. - Ind. C. 59: I. R.133, I. R. I1 159~ 1nd.C. o 11, 59' Kn. 1898 p. 106 Nebulae on I. R.pl. 1728.(1890 Jan. 17) Nova Andromedae M. N. 51.116 Nova Tycho M. N. 50.359 Variable nebula (Barnard) Ceti Herschel's nebulous regions No. I, 2, 3, 4, 5, A. N. 3836, Ap. J. 17.72 6, 8, 9' 10 Star magnitudes. Pickering's Chart No. I M. N. 45. I 24 (Prof. E. C. Pickering) (80) Sappho M. N. 47.265 Comet Holmes 1892 I11 Chart plai 5: Decl. 76", 74" M. N. 49 p. 13 p. I 18, Bulletin de la Carte du Ciel I p. I 5 I RA. I~. NGC. 3 NGC. 393 = I. R. 2494, on pl. a new spiral 63" p. 14' 56" s. 4 of H.I. 54. - NGC. 581: I. R.1 35, M. N. 53.331. - NGC. 5 598: I.R.11 65, M. N. 56.70, Kn. 1896 p. 158, Proc.R.1.A. 6 25 section A (Dr. J. L.E.Dreyer). - NGC. 628: I.R.11 67, 6 M. N. 54.438, Kn. 1897 p. 53. - NGC. 650, 651 : I. R.1 37. 7 - NGC. 654, 663: I.R. I1 29. - NGC. 672 = I. R. 2495, 1nd.C. I on pl. new nebulae, Obs. 20.245, A. N. 3429 see above M. N. 53.65 Chart pl. see above RA. zh. NGC. 8 21i 69'1 84', 91'1 94, 95 NGC. 869, 884: I. R. 139, M. N. 50.315. - NGC. 891 l): I. R.1 9 36, 49, 57, 72 41. - NGC. 1023 = I.R. 1776, a new spiral nebula on pl., I0 12, 22, 23*', 27, 39*, 52, 60, 68', 84 M. N. 54.371. - NGC. 1039: I.R.1 43, M.N.53.357. - I1 56, 70 NGC. 1068: I. R. I 45, M. N. 53.331. - 1nd.C. 239, new spiral Ind.C. 2 3 9" Herschel's nebulous region No. 12 see above Chart pl. Decl. 86", 84", 82O, 80"' 78", 76O, 74", 1z0, 70° see above KA. 3h. NGC. 12 451 53 NGC. 1499: I. R. I1 149~Kn. 1899 p. 39 I3 00, 42 I4 441 53, 9'1 99' 1nd.C. 3 48 Nova Persei Yleiades and region around the Pleiades I. R.1 47, I.R.11 161, Obs. 12.94, M.N. 47 p.24 p.90, 49 p.7 p. 120, 58.392 Coniet Wolf 189 I I1 Comet 1902 I11 Kn. 1903 p. 9 Neptune and its satellite M. N. 5' P. 439 Region of comet 1892 I1 photographed on Nov. 18, 1892, I. R. plate No. 1800 68", 66" see above ') NGC. 891 (H.V 19) = I. R. 1765, 2928, see M. N. vol. 65 plate 7, photographed under Dr. Isaac Roberts's supervision and direction at his private observatory Starfield 011 Dec. 21, 1891, and Jan. 14, 1901. 21 41.54 22 RA. 4h. NGC. 15 NGC. 1528: I. R.11 31. - NGC. 1579 = I. R. 1810, new ne- 16 bula on pl., A.N. 3429, Obs. 20.244. - NGC. 1618 = I.R. 2585, 5 or 6 nebulae in radius of I". - NGC. 1665 = I. R. 312 I, ten new nebulae on pl., M. N. 43.301 Herschel's nebulous regions No. I 4, I 5, I 6 77, 18, '9 see above Espin's object in Perseus B. A. A, vol. 8.279 Neptune and its satellite see above Cluster Hyades. a Tami Chart pl. Decl. 86", 84", 82", go0, 78", 76", 74", 72" lo", 68", 66", 64", 62", 60" see above RA. 5h. NGC. 17 78, 88' NGC. 1788: Kn. 1901 p. 180. - NGC. 1952: 1.R.I 53, I.R. Ia 88 I1 169, Kn. 1896 p. 58. - NGC. 1960: 1.R. 151, M.N. I9 04, 07, 08, O9, 24, 27, 3'1 52*, 60', 16', 53.444. - NGC. 1976: I.R. 155, 57, 59, I.R.11 165, Kn. 19 82'1 90, 99 1897 p.100, M. N. 47.89, 49.295. - NGC. 1982: M. N. 49.295. 20 24, 68', 11*, 99' - NGC. 2068, 2071: Kn. 1895 p. 253, M.N.54.437. - NGC. 21 29, 427 58' 2099: I. R. 161, Kn. 1897 p. 10, M.N. 53.444. - NGC. 2158: 1nd.C. 4 05*1 I0, 17, '9, 231 24~251 261 27~28, Kn. 1901 p. 11. - Ind. C. 405: Kn. 1903 p. 81 4 301 31, 32, 341 351 39 Nova Aurigae (1892 Febr. I) I. R. I 49, M. N. 52.371, 53.123 Herschel's nebulous regions No. 20, 2 I , 2 2 23~240 25, 27 see above Stars in Orion M. N. 50.326 Star magnitudes. Pickering's Chart No. z see above a Aurigae. a Orionis Chart pl. Decl. 88", 86", 84", 8z0, goo, 78", 76", 74" 72", loo, 68", 66", 64", 62" see above LA.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Planetary Nebulae
    Planetary Nebulae A planetary nebula is a kind of emission nebula consisting of an expanding, glowing shell of ionized gas ejected from old red giant stars late in their lives. The term "planetary nebula" is a misnomer that originated in the 1780s with astronomer William Herschel because when viewed through his telescope, these objects appeared to him to resemble the rounded shapes of planets. Herschel's name for these objects was popularly adopted and has not been changed. They are a relatively short-lived phenomenon, lasting a few tens of thousands of years, compared to a typical stellar lifetime of several billion years. The mechanism for formation of most planetary nebulae is thought to be the following: at the end of the star's life, during the red giant phase, the outer layers of the star are expelled by strong stellar winds. Eventually, after most of the red giant's atmosphere is dissipated, the exposed hot, luminous core emits ultraviolet radiation to ionize the ejected outer layers of the star. Absorbed ultraviolet light energizes the shell of nebulous gas around the central star, appearing as a bright colored planetary nebula at several discrete visible wavelengths. Planetary nebulae may play a crucial role in the chemical evolution of the Milky Way, returning material to the interstellar medium from stars where elements, the products of nucleosynthesis (such as carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and neon), have been created. Planetary nebulae are also observed in more distant galaxies, yielding useful information about their chemical abundances. In recent years, Hubble Space Telescope images have revealed many planetary nebulae to have extremely complex and varied morphologies.
    [Show full text]
  • The MUSE View of the Planetary Nebula NGC 3132? Ana Monreal-Ibero1,2 and Jeremy R
    A&A 634, A47 (2020) Astronomy https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936845 & © ESO 2020 Astrophysics The MUSE view of the planetary nebula NGC 3132? Ana Monreal-Ibero1,2 and Jeremy R. Walsh3,?? 1 Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain e-mail: [email protected] 2 Universidad de La Laguna, Dpto. Astrofísica, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain 3 European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild Strasse 2, 85748 Garching, Germany Received 4 October 2019 / Accepted 6 December 2019 ABSTRACT Aims. Two-dimensional spectroscopic data for the whole extent of the NGC 3132 planetary nebula have been obtained. We deliver a reduced data-cube and high-quality maps on a spaxel-by-spaxel basis for the many emission lines falling within the Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) spectral coverage over a range in surface brightness >1000. Physical diagnostics derived from the emission line images, opening up a variety of scientific applications, are discussed. Methods. Data were obtained during MUSE commissioning on the European Southern Observatory (ESO) Very Large Telescope and reduced with the standard ESO pipeline. Emission lines were fitted by Gaussian profiles. The dust extinction, electron densities, and temperatures of the ionised gas and abundances were determined using Python and PyNeb routines. 2 Results. The delivered datacube has a spatial size of 6300 12300, corresponding to 0:26 0:51 pc for the adopted distance, and ∼ × ∼ 1 × a contiguous wavelength coverage of 4750–9300 Å at a spectral sampling of 1.25 Å pix− . The nebula presents a complex reddening structure with high values (c(Hβ) 0:4) at the rim.
    [Show full text]
  • Astronomy Magazine Special Issue
    γ ι ζ γ δ α κ β κ ε γ β ρ ε ζ υ α φ ψ ω χ α π χ φ γ ω ο ι δ κ α ξ υ λ τ μ β α σ θ ε β σ δ γ ψ λ ω σ η ν θ Aι must-have for all stargazers η δ μ NEW EDITION! ζ λ β ε η κ NGC 6664 NGC 6539 ε τ μ NGC 6712 α υ δ ζ M26 ν NGC 6649 ψ Struve 2325 ζ ξ ATLAS χ α NGC 6604 ξ ο ν ν SCUTUM M16 of the γ SERP β NGC 6605 γ V450 ξ η υ η NGC 6645 M17 φ θ M18 ζ ρ ρ1 π Barnard 92 ο χ σ M25 M24 STARS M23 ν β κ All-in-one introduction ALL NEW MAPS WITH: to the night sky 42,000 more stars (87,000 plotted down to magnitude 8.5) AND 150+ more deep-sky objects (more than 1,200 total) The Eagle Nebula (M16) combines a dark nebula and a star cluster. In 100+ this intense region of star formation, “pillars” form at the boundaries spectacular between hot and cold gas. You’ll find this object on Map 14, a celestial portion of which lies above. photos PLUS: How to observe star clusters, nebulae, and galaxies AS2-CV0610.indd 1 6/10/10 4:17 PM NEW EDITION! AtlAs Tour the night sky of the The staff of Astronomy magazine decided to This atlas presents produce its first star atlas in 2006.
    [Show full text]
  • A Basic Requirement for Studying the Heavens Is Determining Where In
    Abasic requirement for studying the heavens is determining where in the sky things are. To specify sky positions, astronomers have developed several coordinate systems. Each uses a coordinate grid projected on to the celestial sphere, in analogy to the geographic coordinate system used on the surface of the Earth. The coordinate systems differ only in their choice of the fundamental plane, which divides the sky into two equal hemispheres along a great circle (the fundamental plane of the geographic system is the Earth's equator) . Each coordinate system is named for its choice of fundamental plane. The equatorial coordinate system is probably the most widely used celestial coordinate system. It is also the one most closely related to the geographic coordinate system, because they use the same fun­ damental plane and the same poles. The projection of the Earth's equator onto the celestial sphere is called the celestial equator. Similarly, projecting the geographic poles on to the celest ial sphere defines the north and south celestial poles. However, there is an important difference between the equatorial and geographic coordinate systems: the geographic system is fixed to the Earth; it rotates as the Earth does . The equatorial system is fixed to the stars, so it appears to rotate across the sky with the stars, but of course it's really the Earth rotating under the fixed sky. The latitudinal (latitude-like) angle of the equatorial system is called declination (Dec for short) . It measures the angle of an object above or below the celestial equator. The longitud inal angle is called the right ascension (RA for short).
    [Show full text]
  • Cetus - the Whale
    May 18 2021 Cetus - The Whale Observed: No Object Her Type Mag Alias/Notes IC 5384 Non-Existent NGC 7813 MCG -2-1-16 MK 936 IRAS 15-1215 PGC 287 IC 1528 Non-Existent NGC 7826 H29-8 Non-Existent Asterism IC 1533 Non-Existent NGC 34 Non-Existent NGC 17 NGC 58 Non-Existent NGC 47 PGC 967 MCG -1-1-55 IRAS 119-726 NGC 54 Glxy SB(r)a? 14.6 MCG -1-1-60 PGC 1011 NGC 59 Glxy SA(rs)0-: 13.1 ESO 539-4 MCG -4-1-26 PGC 1034 NGC 62 Glxy (R)SB(r)a: 12.3 MCG -2-1-43 IRAS 145-1345 PGC 1125 NGC 64 Glxy SB(s)bc 14 MCG -1-1-68 IRAS 149-706 PGC 1149 IC 5 Glxy E 14.8 MCG -2-1-47 IRAS 148-951 PGC 1145 NGC 73 Glxy SAB(rs)bc: 13.5 MCG -3-1-26 PGC 1211 NGC 65 Glxy SAB(rs)0-: 14.4 ESO 473-10A MCG -4-2-1 PGC 1229 NGC 66 Glxy SB(r)b pec 14.2 ESO 473-10 MCG -4-2-2 IRAS 165-2312 PGC 1236 IC 9 Glxy Sb(r) 16.1 MCG -2-2-1 IRAS 171-1423 PGC 1271 NGC 77 Glxy SA0-: 15.7 ESO 473-15 PGC 1290 NGC 102 Glxy S0/a 14.4 MCG -2-2-11 PGC 1542 NGC 107 Glxy Sbc 14.6 MCG -2-2-14 PGC 1606 NGC 111 Non-Existent NGC 113 Glxy SA0-: 13.5 MCG -1-2-16 PGC 1656 NGC 114 Glxy SB(rs)0: 14.7 UGC 259 MCG 0-2-27 MK 946 CGCG 383-14 KUG 24-20A PGC 1660 NGC 116 Non-Existent MCG -1-2-17 PGC 1671 NGC 117 Glxy S0+: sp 15.3 MCG 0-2-29 CGCG 383-15 PGC 1674 NGC 118 Glxy I0? 14.8 UGC 264 MCG 0-2-32 MK 947 CGCG 383-16 UM244 3ZW9 IRAS 247-203 PGC 1678 NGC 120 Glxy SB0^: 14.4 UGC 267 MCG 0-2-33 CGCG 383-17 PGC 1693 NGC 122 Non-Existent NGC 123 Non-Existent NGC 124 Glxy SA(s)c 13.7 UGC 271 MCG 0-2-38 CGCG 383-18 IRAS 253-205 PGC 1715 IC 15 Non-Existent IC 16 Glxy E? 14.7 MCG -2-2-17 IRAS 255-1322 PGC 1730 IC 17
    [Show full text]
  • Stars and Their Purpose
    Stars & Their Purpose.indd 3 8/17/06 8:19:54 AM First Master Books printing: August 2006 Copyright © 2006 by Werner Gitt. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission of the publisher except in the case of brief quotations in articles and reviews. For information write: Master Books, P.O. Box 726, Green Forest, AR 72638. ISBN-13: 978-0-89051-482-5 ISBN-10: 0-89051-482-8 Library of Congress Number: 2006929548 Cover by Bryan Miller Unless otherwise noted, all Scripture is from the New International Version of the Bible. References to apocryphal books have been taken from The Jerusalem Bible (London: Darton, Longman & Todd, 1966 edition). Printed in the United States of America. Please visit our website for other great titles: www.masterbooks.net. For information regarding author interviews, please contact the publicity department at (870) 528-5288. Stars & Their Purpose.indd 4 8/17/06 8:19:54 AM INDEX Preface............................................................................. 7 Preface to the English Edition ....................................... 13 Introduction.................................................................. 15 1. Can the Stars Be Counted?............................................ 17 2. In What Respects Do the Stars Differ?........................... 27 3. How Big Is the Universe? .............................................. 39 4. Four Characteristics of Space......................................... 43 5. Why Were the Stars Created? ........................................ 49 5.1 The Stars Were Made to Shine on Earth................. 50 5.2 The Stars Were Made to Determine Times and Seasons ................................................. 53 6. How Do the Stars Transmit Their Messages? ................. 57 6.1 Their Messages Are Silent....................................... 57 6.2 God’s Message Can Be Understood by Anybody ...
    [Show full text]
  • SAC's 110 Best of the NGC
    SAC's 110 Best of the NGC by Paul Dickson Version: 1.4 | March 26, 1997 Copyright °c 1996, by Paul Dickson. All rights reserved If you purchased this book from Paul Dickson directly, please ignore this form. I already have most of this information. Why Should You Register This Book? Please register your copy of this book. I have done two book, SAC's 110 Best of the NGC and the Messier Logbook. In the works for late 1997 is a four volume set for the Herschel 400. q I am a beginner and I bought this book to get start with deep-sky observing. q I am an intermediate observer. I bought this book to observe these objects again. q I am an advance observer. I bought this book to add to my collect and/or re-observe these objects again. The book I'm registering is: q SAC's 110 Best of the NGC q Messier Logbook q I would like to purchase a copy of Herschel 400 book when it becomes available. Club Name: __________________________________________ Your Name: __________________________________________ Address: ____________________________________________ City: __________________ State: ____ Zip Code: _________ Mail this to: or E-mail it to: Paul Dickson 7714 N 36th Ave [email protected] Phoenix, AZ 85051-6401 After Observing the Messier Catalog, Try this Observing List: SAC's 110 Best of the NGC [email protected] http://www.seds.org/pub/info/newsletters/sacnews/html/sac.110.best.ngc.html SAC's 110 Best of the NGC is an observing list of some of the best objects after those in the Messier Catalog.
    [Show full text]
  • Open Clusters
    Open Clusters Open clusters (also known as galactic clusters) are of tremendous importance to the science of astronomy, if not to astrophysics and cosmology generally. Star clusters serve as the "laboratories" of astronomy, with stars now all at nearly the same distance and all created at essentially the same time. Each cluster thus is a running experiment, where we can observe the effects of composition, age, and environment. We are hobbled by seeing only a snapshot in time of each cluster, but taken collectively we can understand their evolution, and that of their included stars. These clusters are also important tracers of the Milky Way and other parent galaxies. They help us to understand their current structure and derive theories of the creation and evolution of galaxies. Just as importantly, starting from just the Hyades and the Pleiades, and then going to more distance clusters, open clusters serve to define the distance scale of the Milky Way, and from there all other galaxies and the entire universe. However, there is far more to the study of star clusters than that. Anyone who has looked at a cluster through a telescope or binoculars has realized that these are objects of immense beauty and symmetry. Whether a cluster like the Pleiades seen with delicate beauty with the unaided eye or in a small telescope or binoculars, or a cluster like NGC 7789 whose thousands of stars are seen with overpowering wonder in a large telescope, open clusters can only bring awe and amazement to the viewer. These sights are available to all.
    [Show full text]
  • Alma Observations of Warm Molecular Gas and Cold Dust in Ngc 34∗
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Caltech Authors The Astrophysical Journal, 787:48 (10pp), 2014 May 20 doi:10.1088/0004-637X/787/1/48 C 2014. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A. ALMA OBSERVATIONS OF WARM MOLECULAR GAS AND COLD DUST IN NGC 34∗ C. K. Xu1,C.Cao1,2,3,N.Lu1,Y.Gao4, P. van der Werf5,A.S.Evans6,7, J. M. Mazzarella1, J. Chu8,S.Haan9, T. Diaz-Santos1, R. Meijerink5, Y.-H. Zhao1,4, P. Appleton1, L. Armus1, V. Charmandaris10,11,12,S.Lord1, E. J. Murphy1, D. B. Sanders8, B. Schulz1, and S. Stierwalt6,13 1 Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, MS 100-22, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA 2 School of Space Science and Physics, Shandong University at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China; [email protected] 3 Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China 4 Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2 West Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China 5 Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands 6 Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400325, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA 7 National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA 8 Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96816, USA 9 CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, ATNF, P.O. Box 76, Epping 1710, Australia 10 Department of Physics, University of Crete, GR-71003, Heraklion, Greece 11 Institute for Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Applications & Remote Sensing, National Observatory of Athens, GR-15236, Penteli, Greece 12 Chercheur Associe,´ Observatoire de Paris, F-75014, Paris, France 13 Spitzer Science Center, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E.
    [Show full text]
  • Just What Are Those Sky Chart "M" and "NGC" Numbers? by Barry D
    Just what are those Sky Chart "M" and "NGC" Numbers? By Barry D. Malpas – Special to the Williams-Grand Canyon News – 2014 November One of the pastimes for some early sky observers was to locate new comets. Charles Messier (1730-1817) was a French comet hunter during the late 1700s, and discovered 13 new comets between 1760 and 1785. His interest in astronomy, and comets in particular, was influenced by seeing the great comet of 1744, and the comet of 1759 (of which Edmond Halley had believed the comets of 1531, 1607, and 1682 were the same and had predicted the comet’s 1759 apparition which is now known as Halley's Comet.) At this time telescopes were relatively small. The understanding of supernovae, or galaxies, was not yet in the current knowledge, as such objects only appeared as blurry smudges that did not move across the sky. In order not to waste time and become frustrated with viewing fuzzy objects that resembled, but were not, comets, Messier compiled a list of 110 of these celestial blurs which we now refer to as Messier, or "M Objects." The Messier Catalog has become a very popular list of "Deep Sky Objects" among amateur astronomers around the world because it consists of most of the galaxies, nebulae and star clusters easily observable with binoculars or small telescopes in the northern skies. Now, however, the objects in the list are the source of interest, as opposed to the reason the compilation was originally intended by Messier. At large astronomical get-togethers, known as "star parties", there is often a "Messier Marathon" competition to view the most Messier Objects during one observing night.
    [Show full text]
  • SAA 100 Club
    S.A.A. 100 Observing Club Raleigh Astronomy Club Version 1.2 07-AUG-2005 Introduction Welcome to the S.A.A. 100 Observing Club! This list started on the USENET newsgroup sci.astro.amateur when someone asked about everyone’s favorite, non-Messier objects for medium sized telescopes (8-12”). The members of the group nominated objects and voted for their favorites. The top 100 objects, by number of votes, were collected and ranked into a list that was published. This list is a good next step for someone who has observed all the objects on the Messier list. Since it includes objects in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres (DEC +72 to -72), the award has two different levels to accommodate those observers who aren't able to travel. The first level, the Silver SAA 100 award requires 88 objects (all visible from North Carolina). The Gold SAA 100 Award requires all 100 objects to be observed. One further note, many of these objects are on other observing lists, especially Patrick Moore's Caldwell list. For convenience, there is a table mapping various SAA100 objects with their Caldwell counterparts. This will facilitate observers who are working or have worked on these lists of objects. We hope you enjoy looking at all the great objects recommended by other avid astronomers! Rules In order to earn the Silver certificate for the program, the applicant must meet the following qualifications: 1. Be a member in good standing of the Raleigh Astronomy Club. 2. Observe 80 Silver observations. 3. Record the time and date of each observation.
    [Show full text]
  • Caldwell Catalogue - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
    Caldwell catalogue - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Log in / create account Article Discussion Read Edit View history Caldwell catalogue From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Main page Contents The Caldwell Catalogue is an astronomical catalog of 109 bright star clusters, nebulae, and galaxies for observation by amateur astronomers. The list was compiled Featured content by Sir Patrick Caldwell-Moore, better known as Patrick Moore, as a complement to the Messier Catalogue. Current events The Messier Catalogue is used frequently by amateur astronomers as a list of interesting deep-sky objects for observations, but Moore noted that the list did not include Random article many of the sky's brightest deep-sky objects, including the Hyades, the Double Cluster (NGC 869 and NGC 884), and NGC 253. Moreover, Moore observed that the Donate to Wikipedia Messier Catalogue, which was compiled based on observations in the Northern Hemisphere, excluded bright deep-sky objects visible in the Southern Hemisphere such [1][2] Interaction as Omega Centauri, Centaurus A, the Jewel Box, and 47 Tucanae. He quickly compiled a list of 109 objects (to match the number of objects in the Messier [3] Help Catalogue) and published it in Sky & Telescope in December 1995. About Wikipedia Since its publication, the catalogue has grown in popularity and usage within the amateur astronomical community. Small compilation errors in the original 1995 version Community portal of the list have since been corrected. Unusually, Moore used one of his surnames to name the list, and the catalogue adopts "C" numbers to rename objects with more Recent changes common designations.[4] Contact Wikipedia As stated above, the list was compiled from objects already identified by professional astronomers and commonly observed by amateur astronomers.
    [Show full text]