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Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2013

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Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2013 The Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP) is the regional development arm of the United Nations and serves as the main economic and social development centre for the United Nations in Asia and the Pacific. Its mandate is to foster cooperation between its 53 members and 9 associate members. ESCAP provides the strategic link between global and country-level programmes and issues. It supports Governments of the region in consolidating regional positions and advocates regional approaches to meeting the region’s unique socio-economic challenges in a globalizing world. The ESCAP office is located in Bangkok, Thailand. Please visit our website at www.unescap.org for further information. The shaded areas of the map represent ESCAP members and associate members. We appreciate your feed-back Questions or comments concerning this publication may be addressed to the Director of the Statistics Division, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok 10200, Thailand, or by e-mailing [email protected]. ESCAP encourages all readers and users of the Yearbook to complete the electronic readership survey (http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2013/readership-questionnaire.asp). Photo credit Front cover: 1: UN Photo; 2: UN Photo/William Ryan; 3/4/5: UN Photo; Back cover: 1: UNFPA/PSPRO; 2/3: UN Photo; 4: UN Photo/William Ryan; 5: UN Photo Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2013 United Nations publication Sales No. E.13.II.F.1 Copyright © United Nations 2013 All rights reserved Manufactured in Thailand ISBN: 978-92-1-120659-3 eISBN: 978-92-1-056315-4 ISSN: 0252-3655 ST/ESCAP/2665 Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2013 Foreword I am pleased to present the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2013, a reference of key facts on current and emerging trends of economic, social and environmental development in Asia and the Pacific. Whether you are looking for the most recent comparable statistics on demographic changes, major health risks or tourism, or a quick overview of the essential facts on economic, social and environmental development concerning members of ESCAP, you will find this publication useful. Indeed, the 2013 edition of the Statistical Yearbook presents concise analyses highlighting major achievements and challenges for the 58 regional ESCAP member States and the five subregions in promoting economic prosperity, social inclusion and environmental sustainability. These analyses are supported with the most up-to-date and comparable data for over 300 indicators. Altogether, the publication encompasses 32 topics covering eight themes: demographic trends, health, education and knowledge, poverty and insecurity, women’s empowerment, environment, economy, and connectivity. In addition to revising and updating the indicators to reflect changing development priorities, this Yearbook includes two new topics which are very relevant to the region: food security and crime. You will notice that each topic is structured to first present highlights of development trends in the Asian and Pacific region, followed by statistical facts, charts and text boxes which cover emerging issues or recent developments or data collection and availability issues, ending with suggestions for further reading in case you would like to have more in-depth understanding of the topic. Under each topic, there are also explanations of the indicators and data sources, complete with data tables. This format is intended to make the publication an easy reference for you, whether you are searching for a particular statistic or hope to acquire an overall picture on essential issues surrounding economic, social and environmental development in Asia and the Pacific, and whether you are a government official, a researcher, an activist, a business person, or simply a citizen. The Yearbook is accompanied by a series of online products, including country fact sheets, a database containing over 500 indicators and data visualization options. In order to maximize comparability across regions, subregions and countries, data at the country level have been obtained from international agencies which follow international statistical standards in compiling and reporting data. This publication would not have been possible without the collaboration of a large number of individuals and international organizations. I am confident that the information contained in this publication will continue to support the efforts of governments, development partners and the people of Asia and the Pacific to build inclusive, sustainable and resilient societies. Noeleen Heyzer Under-Secretary-General of the United Nations and Executive Secretary of ESCAP iii Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2013 Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2013 Acknowledgements Team for the preparation of the Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2013 The primary responsibility for the producing the Statistical Yearbook lies with the ESCAP Statistics Division, under the guidance of Haishan Fu, Director, Statistics Division. The team for the production of this Yearbook includes: Team Leader Yanhong Zhang Coordination Harumi Shibata Statistics and data management Coordinator: Eric Hermouet Krisana Boonpriroje, Nongnuch Hiranyapaisansakul, Marisa Limawongpranee, Nixie Mabanag Abarquez, Teerapong Praphotjanaporn, Jurairat Sajjapongse, and Panpaka Supakalin Editing and research Statistics Division staff provided inputs in the production process: Aaron Beck, Daniel Clarke, Jessamyn Encarnacion, Maxwell Handrus, Rikke Munk Hansen, Marko Javorsek, Habibur Rahman Khan, Christopher Sean Lovell, Jonathan Marskell, Tanja Sejersen, Sharita Serrao, Anna Tzoneva. Editing and layout Editor: Dienne Miller and Orestes Plasencia Layout and design: Laksanawadee Klawploadtook This publication was made possible thanks to the invaluable contribution from experts both in and outside of the United Nations system. Contributors and reviewers for each topic are acknowledged on the next pages. v Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2013 Acknowledgements vi Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific 2013 Acknowledgements Acknowledgements We would like to thank the following individuals (HIV and AIDS); HIV and AIDS Data Hub for who contributed, and the agencies or offices who Asia and the Pacific: Ye Yu Shwe, Khin Cho Win supported then in making a contributions, to the Htin and Pierre Fouquet (HIV and AIDS) analysis of development trends and emerging issues contained in the Yearbook (in alphabetical IFPRI: Doris Wiesmann, Klaus von Grebmer, order by organization): Heidi Fritschel, Tolu Olofinbiyi and Yisehac Yohannes (food security) Contributors ILO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific: CAPSA: Mr Upali Wickramasinghe (food Phu Huynh; ILO Research Department: Steven security) Kapsos; ILO Employment Trends Unit: Evangelia Bourmpoula (employment) ESCAP: Maren Jimâne z (population); Donovan Storey (urbanization); Ksenia Glebova and Safir UNESCO: Michelle Osborne (participation in Soeparna (international migration); Marco education; staying in school and learning to read; Roncarati and Safir Soeparna (malaria and financial and human resources for education; and tuberculosis); Marco Roncarati, Jillian Campbell research and development) and Safir Soeparna (other health risks); Marco UNFPA Asia and the Pacific Regional Office: Roncarati (financial and human resources for Christophe Lefranc, Andres Montes and health); Sudip Ranjan Basu (income poverty and Josephine Sauvarin (maternal and reproductive inequality); Aida N. Karazhanova, Ram S. health) Tiwaree and Donovan Storey (access to water and sanitation); Aaron Beck (crime); Cai Cai, Jori UNICEF Regional Office for East Asia and the Jorgensen and Jillian Campbell (women’s Pacific: Basil Rodriques and Nabila Zaka (child empowerment); Marit Nilses and Lorenzo health) Santucci (atmosphere and climate change); Abhijeet Deshpande (energy supply and use); UNSD: Ricardo Martinez-Lagunes (water Salmah Zakaria, Ram S. Tiwaree and Donovan availability and use) Storey (water availability and use); Hitomi UNWTO: Clara van der Pol, Teresa Ciller, John Rankine (biodiversity, protected areas and Kester, Xu Jing and Oliver Herrmann (tourism) forests); Mari Sawai and Kelly Hayden (natural disasters); Shuvojit Banerjee (economic growth); United Nations World Food Programme: Vatcharin Sirimaneetham (fiscal balance); Yusuke Véronique De Schutter (food security) Tateno (monetary measures); Mia Mikic, Witada Anukoonwattaka, Rajan Sudesh Ratna, Shaswat Peer reviewers Sapkota (international trade); Sudip Ranjan Basu We appreciate the effort of the following peer and Heini Amanda Salonen (international reviewers for ensuring the quality and relevance financing); Tiziana Bonapace, Rémi Lang and of this Yearbook (in alphabetical order by Teerapong Praphotjanaporn (information and organization): communications technology); and A.S.M. Abdul Quium, Thanattaporn Rasamit, Pierre Chartier, Asian Institute of Technology/French Madan Bandhu Regmi (transport) Environment and Energy Management Agency: Brahmanand Mohanty (energy supply and use) FAO: Laura Mattioli, FAO Statistics Division: Cinzia Cerri and Nathalie Troubat (food ECLAC: José Elías Durán Lima (international security); FAO Mitigation of Climate Change in trade) Agriculture (MICCA) Programme: Francesco ESCAP: Jerrold Huguet (demographic trends N. Tubiello, Mirella Salvatore, Simone Rossi, and urbanization); Srinivas Tata (other health Alessandro Ferrara, Riccardo
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