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IEEE 1451 Smart Transducer Interface Standards for Iot, Iiot, and CPS

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IEEE 1451 Smart Transducer Interface Standards for Iot, Iiot, and CPS IEEE 1451 Smart Transducer Interface Standards for IoT, IIoT, and CPS IEEE P1451.9 WG Kick-off Meeting January 10, 2020 Kang B. Lee IEEE Life Fellow Chair, IEEE IMS Technical Committee on Sensor Technology TC-9 Internet of Things (IoT) apps and verticals Global are popping up Connectivity everyday Standardized Protocols & Interfaces* IEC IEEE ANSI IEC IEC IEEE OGC- 61968 1815 Modbus C12 61850 60870 SWE CIM (DNP3) 1451 Domains * https://www.postscapes.com/internet-of-things-protocols/ Water ch Healthcare Information & Education Comm Techs ISO/IEC Manufacturing IoT Application Energy Domains & Use Cases Mindmap Infotainment Finance Public Safety, Military Agriculture Hospitality, Retail Transportation Government Residential In all these applications and use cases, smart sensors can play key roles to enable IoT functions. Adjust IEEE 1451 Standards to meet challenges. Courtesy of ISO/IEC/JTC1 SWG5 Industrial Internet Revolution is here Industry consists of many Physical Systems The Internet revolution brings Cyber Systems into the picture The Industrial Internet Revolution combines Cyber with Physical systems leading to: Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) Internet of Things (IoT) Internet of Every Things (IoET) What is your name ?… CPS & IoT are hybrid networks of cyber and physical components integrated to create systems that have adaptive and predictive capabilities. These systems can respond in real-time to enhance system performance automatically or through human interactions. Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC) also defines IIoT Architecture Framework Functional Domains IoT and CPS IEEE P2413 IoT Architecture Internet of Things (IoT) is a network that connects uniquely identifiable “Things” to the Internet. (IEEE P2413) IoT and CPS Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) NIST CPS Conceptual Model Cyber-physical systems Cyber (CPS) are smart systems that include engineered interacting networks of physical and computational Sensors Actuators components. (NIST) 7 IoT and CPS IoT vs CPS IEEE IoT • IoT is mainly concerned with Architecture NIST CPS unique identification, connecting Conceptual Model with the Internet and accessibility of “things.” • CPS is mainly concerned about the collaborative activities Cyber between cyber and physical system through sensing and actuation Sensors Actuators • CPS uses IoT systems to achieve the collaborative activities of the distributed systems. 8 Sensors & Actuators are used Everywhere Networked sensors connected using wired or wireless means can be used in many applications in IoT, IIoT, & CPS: Aerospace Automobile Global warming / environmental monitoring Global asset tracking (supply chain, secure container) Green / smart home and building Wireless Health condition monitoring Security Industrial automation Manufacturing Privacy Smart Grid & more …. Smart Grid must have Internet Access Smart transducers to support it. Interoperability Main Features of Smart Transducers Transducer = Sensor or Actuator Network Connection ready Self-identification Clients Self-description Calibration data Network Time-aware Intelligent Location-aware Intelligence (signal processing) Process Form a Output in standardized, international Controller feedback physical measurement units, control e.g., temperature in degree C, system pressure in Pascal, Sensors Actuators Smart Transducers - IEEE 1451 Definition: “A smart transducer is a transducer that provides functions beyond those necessary for generating a correct representation of a sensed or controlled quantity. This functionality typically simplifies the integration of the transducer into applications in a networked environment.” In other words, an IEEE smart transducer is either a smart sensor or smart actuator that can identify and describe itself, has processing capability to present sensor data or actuation values, respectively, in measurement units, and has network access capability, and is easy to use (enabling plug-and-play). A Representation of a Smart Transducer Network Smart Transducer Wired or Wireless Signal conversion, Sensor(s) & Clients Network Signal processing, Actuator(s) Communication data fusion, etc. with ID info IEEE 1451 with Transducer and Network Interfaces User External External Time Reference External Network Time Reference (e.g., GPS, 1 PPS, IRIG-B, PTP, and Time Reference (wired or wireless NTP) Network Transducer Network Clock & Clock & Sensor Node Interface Cybersecurity Synchronization Interface Synchronization Node IEEE Cybersecurity IEEE TIM IEEE NCAP NCAP IEEE P1451.1.x P1451.x IEEE TIM Signal IEEE P1451.4 IEEE P1451.1 IEEE IEEE 21451 P1451.x IEEE Conditioning Transducers P1451.1.x P1451.x -001 Common P1451.0 Comm. P1451.0 & Data P1451.1.1 Comm. and Transducers Network Network Transducer Module Transducer Conversion P1451.1.2 Module P1451.2 P21451 Services Services Services Services P1451.1.3 or -002 IEEE P1451.1.4 P1451.5 (Opt.) P1451.x P1451.7 P1451.1.5 Local or P1451.0 Transducers Phy. TEDS TEDS P1451.1.6 Wireless Transducer Network Node Sensor / Actuator Node (or TIM) (or NCAP) Interface Example: IEEE P1451.4 = ISO/IEC/IEEE P2145113 -4 IEEE 1451 Networkable Sensors and Actuators (Smart Transducers) In the discussion to make IEEE P1451 Physical Transport Media Agnostic – that means it can support any wired, wireless, and cellular technologies Advantages: no need to deal with and upkeep of 1. Transducer Interface with numerous wireless and cellular interfaces 2. PHY TEDS, and complex Cyber Security and Time Sync at Transducer level External External Time Reference Time Reference (e.g., GPS, 1 PPS, IRIG-B, PTP, and NTP) User Network or Internet Network (Wired or Wireless) Interface Clock & Smart Transducers Cybersecurity Synchronization (Sensors and Actuators) IEEE P1451.99 P1451.1.X IEEE IEEE IEEE P1451.4 IoT Bridge P1451.1 IEEE Transducers to other P1451.1.X Signal Common Transducer 21451-001 App IoT P1451.1.1 Network Conditioning, Transducers and Network and verticals P1451.1.2 Services Processing, (Sensors and Services P1451.002 P1451.1.3 and Data Actuators) (Opt.) Conversion IEEE P1451.7 P1451.1.4 P1451.0 TEDS Transducers P1451.1.5 P1451.1.6 14 Deployment of IEEE 1451 Smart Transducers and Sensor Networks for IoT - to help achieve sensor data interoperability IoT Sensor IoT Sensor IoT Sensor IoT Sensor IoT Sensor Application - Application Application Application Application Network Network Network Network Network Network Node Node Node Node Node Smart Transducer node Sensor Node (TIM) Wireless Sensor Wireless Sensor Node (WTIM) Node (WTIM) Wireless Sensor (a)IEEE Node (WTIM) 1451 (b) IEEE (c) IEEE (d) IEEE (f) IEEE Smart 1451.2-Serial 1451.5-802.11 1451.5-BlueTooth (e) IEEE 1451.5-6LowPAN Transducer Wired Sensor Wireless Sensor WSN 1451.5-ZigBee WSN (Sensor Network Network (WSN) WSN and Actuator) End Device Router Network Node (Gateway) (Sensor and Actuator) (Coordinator) (NCAP) Deployment of IEEE 1451 Smart Transducers and Sensor Networks for IoT - to help achieve sensor data interoperability IoT Sensor IoT Sensor IoT Sensor IoT Sensor IoT Sensor Application - Application Application Application Application Network ) Network Network Network Network Network Node Node Node Node Node Smart Transduc er node Sensor Wireless Sensor Wireless Sensor Node (TIM) Node (WTIM) Node (WTIM) Wireless Sensor Wireless Sensor Node (WTIM) (a)IEEE (b) IEEE (c) IEEE (d) IEEE Node (WTIM) 1451 1451.2-Serial 1451.5-802.11 1451.5-BlueTooth (e) IEEE (f) IEEE Smart Wired Sensor Wireless Sensor WSN 1451.5-ZigBee 1451.5-6LowPAN Transducer Network Network (WSN) WSN WSN (Sensor and End Device Router Network Node (Gateway) New to be added: Actuator) (Sensor and Actuator) (Coordinator) (NCAP) NB-IOT Basically we use standardized messaging to access standardized sensor data and to command actuation Commands e.g., Read Sensor 1, Sensor 8, Sensor 10 IEEE P1451 Smart Sensor/ IoT e.g., Write Actuator 1, Actuator System Actuator 7 application/ client Actuator Y Response Actuator 1 e.g., Sensor 1 value, Sensor 8 value, Sensor 1 Sensor X Sensor 10 value e.g., status: Actuator 1 done, Actuator 7 done Example of Sensors in Smart Grids Sensor Requirements for Smart Grids • Smart grids require sensors to provide real-time information and status of power grids. Solar Microgrid • Sensors enable Monitoring the grids to be Distributed Substation “smarter”. Monitoring Customer Monitoring Electrical Vehicle Monitoring • Sensors play a Feeder key role in real- Feeder Monitoring time monitoring, protection, and Wind Storage Microgrid control of grid Monitoring Monitoring operations. http://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S1040619017300702-gr1.jpg Sensor Requirements for Smart Grids • High accuracy timing and time Time-accuracy requirements for Smart Grids*: synchronization to UTC 1s SCADA 100ms distribution automation • High measurement accuracy, e.g., AC 1ms substation automation current and voltage magnitudes, phase angles, and frequency. 10μs process bus 1μs synchrophasors *www.ti.com/jp/lit/pdf/tidu540 IEEE C37.118 Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) Measurement Accuracy* • Total vector error (TVE) • Frequency error (FE) • Rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) error • UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) *IEEE Synchrophasor Measurement Test Suite Specification, 2014 Sensor Requirements for Smart Grids • High sampling rate to capture signal characteristics • High-speed data processing and intelligent algorithms to reduce data processing latency • Multiple sensing capabilities of electrical and physical parameters
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