Quest: An African Journal of Philosophy / Revue Africaine de Philosophie , 24 (2010), 1-2: 1-398

Explanatory index of proper names other than authors cited

Exhaustive listing of all proper names other than those of authors cited. For names marked with ** also see Index of Authors Cited . Some entries have underlying con- cepts explained under q.v. ( quod videre , ”see there‘); for many other entries this index seizes the opportunity of explaining details that could not be accommodated in the main text. When a book title is listed, it appears in italic , followed by the author‘s name (if any) between parentheses. Only capitalised text has been processed œ thus e.g. ”Catalyst‘ is listed but not the many occurrences of ”catalyst‘, ”catalytic‘, etc. Due to last-minute text additions a few page references may be off by 1.

identity, 53 227n, 291n; Assyrian Abaris, Ancient Greek Achsenzeit , see Axial Age traces in œ , 129; Arab shaman, 112, 114, 114n Acragas, 109; cf. Agrigen- influence on sub- Abkhazoids, linguistico- tum Saharan œ, 75; œ and ethnic cluster in the Adam, Biblical figure, 135 Ancient Near East, 73, Ancient Mediterranean, Adonai, Lord, 160; cf. 129; œ and North Amer- 233 Aidoneus ica, 9, 118, 265, 274; œ Aboriginal Australian, 91, Aegean, Sea and region, and Europe, 80; and East 192; cf. Durkheim** 115, 141, 151, 175, 294, Asia, œ and Asia, 35, 90, Abraham, Biblical figure, 273n; œ -Anatolian, 226 275, 280, 186n; West 162 Aether, 103-104, 117-118, Africa, 74, 268, 281; Abri du Facteur, Upper 130, 137-139, 152, 180- Central Africa, espe- Palaeolithic site, 189 181, 154n, 165n, 184n; cially South œ , 5, 8, 17- Abyss, Abysmal, 122, Aether and Day, chil- 18, 31, 43, 62, 64, 70, 164, 236, 101n; cf. Un- dren of Night, 152 87, 90, 99-100, 125-126, derworld, Apophis, Africa(n(s)), sub-Saharan, 129, 151, 164, 230, 261, Chaos, Leviathan, Tia- 8-9, 11, 14, 17-18, 20, 268, 270-275, 277-281, mat, T-hom, Neith, 33, 37, 48, 50, 52, 60, 285, 288, 293, 296, 89n, Mother of the Waters 62-63, 70-71, 73-77, 80, 93n, 109n, 231n; North Achilles, Achilleus, 153, 82-83, 102, 118, 123, œ , 264n; Northeast œ , 251, 7n, 153n, 172n, 126, 129, 137, 140, 151, 294; cf. Nkoya, , 190n 179, 200, 209, 225, 232, , Ndembu; Achnaton, Ancient Egyp- 234, 243, 247, 259-261, Southern Africa, 5-7, 13, tian royal religious inno- 263, 265, 267, 272-275, 16, 44, 64, 66, 69-70, 74, vator, 41; cf. Mozes 277, 279-280, 285, 287, 81, 112, 126, 128, 151, Acholi, East African 290-291, 293, 10n, 100n, 188, 202, 264, 268-274, language and ethnic 102n, 125n, 127n, 216n, 279, 296, 109n, 231n;

363 Wim van Binsbergen, Before the Presocratics

emphasis on two and Bernal, Obenga Alaska, USA state, 207, four in sub-Saharan Aganju and Yemaja, 271 African formal systems, personified Land and Alexandria, ancient city in 209; South-East Africa, Water in Nigerian cos- , 172 34; cf. Out-of-Africa, mogony, 124 Algonkian, North Ameri- Back-to-Africa Aggregative Diachronic can language cluster, African Linguistics, 35 Model of World My- 147 African macrophyla ( i.e. thology (van Binsber- Allegoriae Homericae Khoisan, Niger-Congo gen), 8, 36, 48-49, 54, (Heraclitus Ponticus), and Nilo-Saharan), 36n 155 Amerind and Austric, as Agrigentum, Acragas, Altai, mountain range, 249 Peripheral branches in Ancient city in Graecia Altaic, branch of Eurasi- the disintegration of Magna, birthplace of atic / Nostratic, 48, 222, *Borean, 261n; cf. Pe- Empedocles, 109 233, 236, 245, 273, 277, ripheral Ahura Mazda, Iranian 42n, 216n, 219n; protoœ, African Studies Centre, deity; œ and Ahriman, 216n; œ and Indo- Leiden, 12, 14, 36n, 224n European, 219n; œ and 225n Aidoneus, Ancient Graeco Dravidian, 233 African Studies, African- / Levantine divinity, Alternative Working ist, 5, 12, 17, 43, 268, used by Empedocles as Hypothesis, of this book 45n, 287n element name, 159-161; (notably: the transforma- Afrika Cultures, non- as Air, 159; as Earth, tive cycle of elements governmental organisa- 159; cf. Adonai goes back, not to the tion, Benin, 14 Air, element, 101, 104, Upper Palaeolithic but to Afrikaans, creolised Dutch 116-118, 123-124, 130- the Bronze Age), 9-10, spoken in Southern 133, 137-139, 143, 145, 110, 178, 253, 255-256, Africa, 227n 149, 153-155, 157-160, 259, 275 f.; cf. Working Afroasiatic, linguistic 165-166, 180-181, 187, Hypothesis, Hypotheses macrophylum, 52, 73, 189, 192-199, 212-213, America(n(s)), 3, 8-9, 14, 90, 135, 186, 232-233, 263, 101n, 117n-118n, 20, 45, 48, 99, 107, 118, 237, 245, 247, 257-258, 153n-154n, 172n, 246n, 123, 142-143, 146-148, 261-262, 266, 191n, 261n; œ and Water, 165; 163, 173, 188, 191, 209, 256n, 261n-262n; Proto- œ and Fire, 116 251, 259-261, 263-268, œ, 135, 198-199; œ and Air-Water-Earth-Fire, 185 272-277, 293, 100n, Eurasiatic, 257-258; œ Aither, 124, 137 142n, 146n, 227n, 231n, and Sino-Caucasian, Aitnaios kantharos , 291n-292n; œ Flood 191n; Afroasiaticised mytheme, 136n myths, 8, 146, 251, 277; Sicanians, 233 Aje Shaluga, Yoruba god, œ Afrocentrist, 45; North Afrocentricity, Afrocen- 124 America(n(s)), 3, 8-9, trism, Afrocentric, Afro- Ajña (Third Eye): Light / 173, 266, 100n; œ Flood centrist(s), 16-18, 20, Dark, 117n myths, 8; œ mytheme of 45-46, 58, 70, 74, 77, 83, Akhmim, location in dying god becomes crop, 130, 218-219, 228-229, Upper Egypt, 111 100n; (transformation 231, 243-244, 247, 266, Akkad(ian(s)), 150, 176, cycle of?) elements in œ , 287, 45n; Strong œ , 7, 242, 216n; Akkado- 107, 118, 123, 142-148, 17-18, 46, 278; Weak or Sumerians, 219; cf. 173, 251, 259, 265 Attenuated œ , 17; North Mesopotamia, Babylonia (negative), 268; œ American œ , 45; African Alarodian(s), North East Pleiades and Milky Way œ , 45; cf. Black Athena , Caucasian languages and star lore, 163-164; œ Van Sertima, Winters, their speakers, 233 languages, 191, cf.

364 Quest: An African Journal of Philosophy / Revue Africaine de Philosophie , 24 (2010), 1-2: 1-398

Amerind; emphasis on chaeological complex, 135, 97n two and four in œ formal New , USA, 144- Anyang, Ancient Chinese systems, 209; cultural 145 capital and archaeologi- transmission to œ from Anat, Levantine goddess cal site, 242 Central Asia, 260-264, in Ancient Egypt, 140, Apache, North American 273-274, œ with Euro- 155n; cf. Anahita, Neith, language and ethnic pean Upper Palaeolithic Athena, Nyambi identity, 191 parallels, 274, 276; œ Anatolia, 41, 135, 183, Aphrodite, Ancient Greek circle-dot motif, 272; œ 222, 232, 245-247, 227n, goddess of Love, 155, games and divination, 230n-231n, 280n; œ , 169; cf. Venus, Love 273; Pelasgian influence Korea and , 222; Apocalypse , Biblical in œ , 275; reed symbol- cf. Luwian, Hittite, West book, 177; Nordic œ 153 ism, 277; œ not only as Asia Apollo, Ancient Greek destination but perhaps Anatomically Modern god of sunlight and arts, also as source of trans- Humans, 10, 18-19, 33, 112-113, 115, 137, 155, continental transmission, 40, 46, 50, 52, 63, 84, 39n, 113n-114n, 272n- 291n-292n; South Amer- 86, 180, 187, 211, 290, 273n ica(n(s)), 227n; cf. USA, 293, 10n, 33n; œ in Af- Apophis, Ancient Egyp- rica, 48 tian abysmal being, 138 Americas, North and Ancient Near East, 72-73, Apsaras, S and SE Asian South, 129, 176, 261, 99, 115, 129, 171, 176, nature spirits, 281 292, 100n, 267n; cf. 188, 209, 20n, 171n, Aquitaine, French region, North America, South 273n 184 America, USA, Canada Ancients, intellectual Ara, Yoruba thunder god, Amerind, main branch of producers in Graeco- 124 American languages, 35, Roman Antiquity, 38, Arabia, Arab(s), Arabic, 245, 262, 266, 273-274, 155 region, ethnic identity 191n, 256n, 261n-263n; Angles-sur-l‘Anglin, and language, 5, 15, 52, Proto- œ , 198-199; œ and Upper Palaeolithic site, 58-60, 62-64, 67, 69-70, Khoisan, 263n 189 74-75, 77-78, 82, 111, Amsterdam, city in the Angola((n)s), country and 129-130, 150, 177, 237, Netherlands, 7, 15, 226n inhabitants, 78, 201, 280 148, 249, 265, 247n; œ Amun, primal Ancient ANIMDEM, variable in and Latin, 150; œ and Egyptian divinity, 131, cluster analysis, 288 Greek, 111; œ and Juda- 141; cf. Amunet Añja, element, 117n ism, 82; œ and Malagasy, Amunet and Amun, ”Air‘ Anpu, Ancient Egyptian 128n; cf. Islam and ”Invisibility‘, primal literary character, 134; Araldo de Luca, photog- Ancient Egyptian divine cf. Anubis, Bata rapher, 133 pair, 131 Antiquity, Graeco-Roman, Aramaeans, ethnic group Amurru, ethnic category 68, 77, 115-116, 141, and language from the in the Ancient Near East, 159, 174, 178, 188, 209, Eastern Mediterranean, 176 251, 267, 287, 294-295, which in Seleucidic Ana Maqkiu, Menomini 224n; Late œ , 150; œ and times assumed adminis- mythical evil-doers, 147 Bible World, 222; cf. trative functions deep Anahata, Heart, Air, Ancient(s) into Asia, 141; cf. Bible element, 117n Antithesis, see Triadic Archangel, mythical Anahita, Ancient West Dialectics senior ccelestial mes- Asian goddess, 155n; cf. Antoni, Klaus, 12 senger in the Judaic / Neith, Athena, Nyambi Anubis, Ancient Egyptian Christian tradition, 177; Anasazi Tradition, ar- god of the dead, 134- œ Michael, 162

365 Wim van Binsbergen, Before the Presocratics

Archives d‘Orient , 219 Asia(n(s)), 7-9, 11-15, 17- tional system, 67; œ and Archoas of Athens in the 19, 21, 31, 34-39, 41-43, Sunda transcontinental Hellenistic Age, 45, 48, 51-56, 58, 60-65, links, 76, 77; œ origin of (Dinsmoor), 114n 68-69, 71-73, 75-77, 79- Gypsies, 90; œ proposed Arctic, and sub-Arctic, 81, 83, 85, 90, 110-114, to have contributed to concentration of circle- 116, 118-119, 121, 126- Bantuids, 18-19, 90; dot motifs in decoration, 129, 137, 140-142, 151, recent œ intrusion into 272 163, 175-176, 182, 188, South Central and Arduni Island, Sepik, New 190-191, 208-209, 213, Southern Africa, 278- Guinea, 55n 215, 216-22, 224-232, 290, 93n œ notably Argonautica (Apollonius 234-235, 239-244, 248- among the Nkoya, 280- Rhodius), 112 250, 252, 255-261, 263- 282, 291, 280n; Ay- Aristaeus, Aristaios, name 264, 267-269, 271-273, urveda medical system, of two Graeco-Roman 275, 277-283, 285, 287- 117n; Hellenistic influ- mythical figures, 136- 288, 290-293, 36n-37n, ence in œ , 117n; Greek 139-140, 134n, 136n, 67n, 92n-93n, 100n, astrology as influence 140n; œ and Neith, 138; 117n, 153n, 170n, 172n, upon œ, 119; nakshatra œ and Noah, 139 177n, 186n, 219n, 221n, moon stations, 126; œ Aristeas, shaman in the 223n, 226n-228n, 231n, navigational standards, Ancient Greek context, 246n, 266n-267n, 273n, 142; dominated by spe- 112 280n; œ Steppe, 240; œ cific number symbol- Aristotle**, 81, 109, 149- Minor, 172n; cf. Anato- ism? (Frobenius) 117n; 150, 159, 164-168, 173- lia; œ and Africa, 15, 18, in triadic belt, 208-209; 174, 206, 251-252, 255, 34, 62, 80, 85, 110, 175, studied by Terrien de 293, 165n-166n, 169n, 285, 292, 280n; œ in the Lacouperie, 217; West œ, 173n; also see Physica, Neolithic, 38, 55, 80; œ 18, 220, 216n; œ Indo- Meteorologica ; œ and in the Neolithic to Early Iranian cosmology con- Plato, 9, 38, 156, 166, Bronze Age, 11, 213, tinuious with that of 251 219, 232, 240; œ Bronze Presocratics; œ Shiva Arizona, USA state, 14 Age, 268; œ and the stones, 264-265; œ influ- , Armenian Mediterranean, 227, 264, ence on Meso America? language, Armenology, 219n; œ and Europe, 12; 267, 266n; œ influence 227, 216n; cf. Karst** œ and Egypt, 275; on Pacific, 267n-268n; œ Arousing, Chinese trigram Asianisation, i.e. trans- geomantic dice, 268; œ name, 122, 236 mission of œ culture possible channel for Artemis, Ancient Greek traits to Ancient Egypt, transmission of goddess, 113n 242; œ and Ancient Scythian-Mongolian Arthur, King, 135; cf. , 13; œ and Oce- traits to sub-Saharan Morgana, Mordred, ania, 48, 170n; œ and the Africa, 277; œ reception Shihoka New World, 60; œ and of Empedoclean four- Aruna, South Asian Meso-America, 267; œ element system, 290, mythical figure, son of Muslims, 68; œ Bud- 295; transœ , 220; East œ Kashapa, 281 dhist, 61; œ Blacks, 18, , 220; Southeast Asia, Aryballos, name associ- 232; œ and Pelasgian, 60; and Oceania, 63; œ ated with famous An- 127; South Asia(n(s)), 8, and Africa, 19n; and cient Greek vessel, 37 11, 54, 80, 295, 37n; œ Western Eurasia, 33-34, ASC, see African Studies war god Skanda, 39; œ 37, 53-54, 61, 72-73, 76, Centre, leiden Postcolonial Theory, 45; 80-81, 129, 176, 275, Ashanti, ethnic group in œ counterparts of Yi Jing 279-281, 295, 36n, 100n, West Africa, 126 and geomantic nota- 170n, cf. Sunda; Central

366 Quest: An African Journal of Philosophy / Revue Africaine de Philosophie , 24 (2010), 1-2: 1-398

Asia, 34, 51, 63, 68, 80, Europe and North Amer- Axial Age (Jaspers), 42- 129, 140, 182, 188, 190, ica, 86 43, 85 217, 221, 243, 252, 256- Atlantic, one of the three Ayurvedic, South Asian 261, 263, 278, 291, world Oceans; œ Africa, therapeutic system, 281, 117n, 216n, 219n, 227n, 76, 81; œ Europe and 117n 231n, 246n, 264n; œ North Africa, 264; Azilien, Epipalaeolithic Buddhism, 267; œ Neo- Transatlantic, 48, 56; archaeological complex, lithic, 37; West Asia, Transatlantic to Meso 264 proposed global focus of America, 99; cf. North Babel, Biblical toponym innovation, 253, 257- Atlantic associated with the con- 258, 246n Attis, vegetation god of fusion of languages Asian Postcolonial The- the Ancient Mediterra- (q.v. ), 20n; cf. Flood, ory, 45 nean, 100n; cf. Dumuzi, Renfrew**, Kapesh, Asian Studies, Asianist(s), Dionysus, Chihamba, Nimrod, Tower of œ , 12, 253; and Assyriolo- Bituma Flood and Tower myths gists, 17 Atum, Ancient Egyptian BABSTAR, variable in Asiatic, see Asian primal god, 131, 139; cf. cluster analysis, 288 Askese, innerweltliche Hidden One Babylon, Babylonia(n(s)), (Weber) 42n Aurum, Gold, 155 135, 176, 217, 219, 249, Assyria(n(s)), 74, 129, Ausci, ethnic group, 288, 117n-118n; Baby- 150, 271, 19n, 220n Ancient Western Medi- lonism as the claim that Assyriology, Assyriolo- terranean, 233 all civilisation derives gist(s), 14, 17, 72, 176, Austin, city in Texas, 145 from the Ancient Near 217-218, 220, 242, 294, (n(s)), 5, 55, 63, East, 218, 220, 241n; 71n, 117n, 223n, 241n; œ 75, 91, 179-180, 230, Babylonian and Chinese, and Sinology, 220; cf. 234; œ Aboriginals, 192 126; cf. Elam, Terrien de Sumer, Akkad, Ancient and q.v. ; œ and New Lacouperie, Afrocen- Near East, Bible, Tem- Guinea, 51 trism ple**, Oppenheim**, Austric, linguistic macro- Babylonian and Oriental Lambert**, Wigger- phylum, 35, 53, 77, 90, Record , 217; cf. Terrien mann**, Gadd** 141, 186-187, 199, 237, de Lacouperie Athabascan, language 239, 245, 261-262, 273, Back-to-Africa, 18, 35-36, cluster; Southern œ , 191 191n, 256n, 262n, 280n; 56-57, 62, 79-80, 83, Athabascan-Eyak, North Proto- œ , 198-199; œ and 129, 260, 278, 283, 285, American language Africa, 273; œ and Ni- 186n; Back-to-Africa cluster, 191 ger-Congo, 35; œ and Hypothesis, 33, 52, 273 Athena, Ancient Greek Amerind, 256n; cf. Aus- Bactria, Central Asian goddess, 15, 18-19, 85, troasiatic, Austronesian, region, connecting 131, 153-155, 185-187, Munda, Sumerian Western and Eastern 154n-155n, 186n, 228n, Austroasiatic, 186-187, Eurasia, 243, 249 246n; cf. Black Athena , 239, 245, 280n; Protoœ, Badger, mythical being Pallas, Neith, Anahita, 198-199; cf. Austric North America, 147 Poseidon, Laco Tritonis, Austronesian, 34-35, 76, Bak, Bak Sing, hypotheti- Mother of the Waters 185-186, 237, 239, 245, cal Asian ethnic group Athens, Athenian(s), 279; Proto- œ, 187, 198- and language (Terrien de Greek city, 112, 242, 199; cf. Austric Lacouperie) 217, 220, 265, 114n, 155n; œ and Autumn, 172n; cf. Spring 243, 215n-216n; cf. Delians, 114 Avatar , North Atlantic Hundred Families, Atlantic, North, world fantasy motion picture, Kütsché, Terrien de region encompassing ca. 2010 CE, 110 Lacouperie**

367 Wim van Binsbergen, Before the Presocratics

Baker, Mt, 146 ethnic and linguistic ethnic identity and lan- Bakici Baci, ”basic ele- groups, Ancient Medi- guage, 126 ments‘, Lower Congo, terranean, 233; cf. Baso- Benin, West African 125 jaun country, 14, 53, 82 Bali, Indonesian island, Ba ra, port on the Persian Berber, branch of Afroasi- 14, 67n Gulf, 282n; cf. Iuan al- atic and ethnic identity, Baltic, North European afa , cilm al-raml North Africa, 78, 198, sea and region, 142 Bastet, Ancient Egyptian 230, 237, 247 Baluchistan, Central Asian mythical figure, appar- Bering Strait, 260, 292 region, 249 ently evocation of four- Beringia, region around Bamileke, ethnic group element system, 131-132 the Bering Strait, scene and language, Camer- Bata, Ancient Egyptian of land bridge before the oon, 279 mythical figure, 134- Holocene, 291n-292n Bantu, major branch of 135; œ and Humbaba, Bernal, John Desmond, Niger-Congo, 17, 19, 134 84; cf. Bernal, Martin** 34-35, 53, 89-90, 129, Battle with the Gods, 136; Best, meaning of name 185-186, 198-199, 202, cf. Gigantes; cf. Combat Aristaeus, q.v. , common 230, 232-233, 237, 244- Myth epithet of several major 245, 258, 261-262, 277, BBC, British Broadcasting Greek gods, 137 279-281, 291, 124n, Corporation**, 19n Bible, Biblical, 17, 20, 73, 231n, 263n; Common œ, Bears, mythical beings in 134, 222, 227, 281, 216n; Bantoid, 253; North America, 147; cf. 171n, 225n, 227n; cf. Bantuids, 90; œ and Ana Maqkiu Nimrod, Exodus, Jesus, Khoisan, 262; in West Becher, Joachim, 166n; cf. Noah Asia, 17, 19, 230, 232- Phlogiston Bibliotheca (Apollo- 233, 244, 216n; from Bedouins, ethnic group in dorus), 39n, 134n, 154n South Asia (Karst), 90 Arabian / Islamic con- Bibliotheca Historica Barbel, Nkoya clan name, text, 64 (Diodorus Siculus), 113 104; œ and Kale, 88 Bee, 15, 17, 93, 95-96, Bight of Benin, sea gulf Bardaisan of Edessa, 101, 137, 275, 101n; cf. between and prophet in Late Antitu- Queen Bee, She of the , 70, 72, 76, ity, 116 Reed and the Bee, Lu- 78; œ and West Africa, Bark, 97-99; œ Container hamba. Libupe 53 Which Could Hear, Before Babel (Renfrew), Binary Value, of Chinese Shikumbawuyuvu, 19n trigram, 122, 236; Logic Nkoya clan name, 99; œ Before Civilization (Ren- of Binary Opposition, Do You Hear, Nkoya frew), 19 212; cf . Triadic Revolu- clan name, 98 Before the Bible: the tion Barotse(land), region, Common Background of Biri, Yoruba mythical polity and people in Greek and Hebrew Civi- figure, 124 Western Zambia, 87, lizations (Gordon), 20 Bituma, cult of affliction 269-272; cf. Lozi, Nkoya Beijing, city in , and in Western Zambia, 98- Basojaun, Basque god, language variant, 12, 99, 126, 100n 223; cf. Ganesha, Janus, 186, 238, 223n Black Africans, 77, 244; Oannes Being, 120, 171 cf. West Asia, Pelasgians Basque(s), language and , country, 183, Black Athena Comes of ethnic group, 142, 191, 276 Age (van Binsbergen), 223, 237, 240, 261; Bell, Nkoya clan name, 83 Basquoids, 233; pre- see Langu, 104 Black Athena Ten Years Euscarian Liguroid Bemba, Central African Later (van Binsbergen),

368 Quest: An African Journal of Philosophy / Revue Africaine de Philosophie , 24 (2010), 1-2: 1-398

46 œ and , 195; œ in 14, 61, 62-64, 116-118, Black Athena, I-III Asia in the Upper Pa- 128-129, 177, 217, 267, (Bernal**, q.v. ), 7, 19, laeolithic, 35; *Borean 279-280, 282, 287-288, 45-46, 83, 135, 174, 235, Hypothesis, 34, 185, 42n, 117n-118n; œ and 243, 292n 187, 233, 261, 274, 285, South East Asia, 280; œ Black Irish, 230, 243 240n; cf. Starostin**, and South Asia, 217, Black One, see Kale Fleming** 280; œ and Islam, 63, Black Sea, 112, 153, 247, Boreas, Graeco-Roman 128 172n god of the North Wind, Buea, town in Cameroon, Black Vulcan (van 113-114 70 Binsbergen), 153n Borvon, Celtic sun god, Bugun, branch of Sino- Black, 295; œ Akkado- 113n Tibetan, 238 Sumerians of Elam- , country, 3, 6, Bulawayo, city in Zim- Babylonia, 219, 295; cf. 13, 44, 201, 276; cf. babwe, 276 Bantu in West Asia Tswana Bumba, creator god Blacks, West Asian, 18, Bouvet, Joachim, Early among the Bushong, 126 232, 234, 216n; cf. Modern Jesuit in China, Burmese, branch of Sino- Ch‘ung Li 241 Tibetan, 238 Blessing and Hindrance, Brahman, Hindu primal Burushaski, language element relations, 119 god, 117n isolate proposed to at- Blombos , Middle Brahmin, Hindu priestly tach to Sino-Caucasian, Palaeolithic site, South caste, 280 191, 237, 239, 245 Africa, 201, 201n (ian(s)), 229 Bushong, ethnic group in Body, meaning of Chinese Brethren of Purity, 282n; Congo, division of the trigram, 122 cf. I wan al- afa Kuba, 61-62, 126, 287 Boeotia, Ancient Greek British Columbia, 14, 272 Buys, Gina, 276 region, 208 British, 14, 132, 216, 249, Buzzard, Nkoya clan, 104 Bonn, German city, 173 266, 272; British- Byzantium, Byzantine, Book of Changes , see Yì American, 45; Britain, Medieval empire, East- J2ng 113n; cf. England ern Mediterranean, 69, Book of the Dead of Lady Broers, Nettie, 16 75, 82, 150 Cheritwebeshet , 98 Broers, Peter, 14-16 cAha, First-dynasty Boreadae, class of aristo- Bronze Age, 9, 11, 17, 37- Egyptian ruler, 140 crats in Ancient Europe, 38, 47, 52, 78, 80, 83, Cairo, town in Egypt, 132, 114 110, 129, 137, 140-142, 247n; œ Geniza, q.v. *Borean, reconstructed 205, 208, 210-211, 226- cAissa, see Issa Upper Palaeolithic, Old 228, 232, 240, 253, 255, California, USA state, 146 World language form, 259-260, 263, 267, 273, Cambridge MA, town in traces of which have 275, 277-278, 290-292, USA, 8, 12, 173; cf. been claimed for all 295-296, 10n, 45n, 101n, Harvard University present-day linguistic 194n, 216n, 219n, 273n; Cameroon(ian(s)), country macrophyla, 8, 34-35, œ and , 48, 175; and inhabitants, 14, 70, 49, 51-52, 178, 182, œ Eurasia, 204; œ West 279; œ Western Grass- 185-187, 189-199, 204- Asia, 248, 291-292; œ fields, 62; œ and Indone- 206, 209-210, 212, 233, Mediterranean, 37, 54, sia, 14 235-236, 244-245, 256- 233, 244; œ , 271; Canada, country, 14 259, 261-262, 273-274, Late œ , 37, 204 Canis Major, asterism, 277, 285, 292, 34n, Buddha, Gautama, 41, 223n 190n, 194n-195n, 240n, 135, 279, 281 Canon of Changes , see Yì 245n-246n, 261n, 263n; Buddhism, Buddhist, 12, J2ng

369 Wim van Binsbergen, Before the Presocratics

Canopian Vases, Ancient Ch‘ung Li, Chinese Fire 282n, 287n; Sinoid, Egyptian funerary god, 93n 227n; Preclassic Old œ equipment, 131-132 Chadic, branch of language, 236, 216n, Cantonese, variety of the Afroasiatic, 186-187, 227n; Classic Old œ Chinese language, 216n 198, 237; Central œ , language, 186; œ Sea, Cape of Good Hope, 52, 237; Central and East œ, 267; œ Fire god, 93n; œ 58, 60, 70, 74-75, 81, 186 Emperor, leopard / Dio- 129 Chaldaean, ethnic and nysian motifs in embel- Caphthor, Ancient Medi- ritual-professional des- lishment of œ ‘s chariot, terranean ethnico- ignation referring to the 246n; West œ , 216n; œ linguistic group, 233 late period of the An- and Mesopotamia, 220, Capitolinus, Roman cult, cient Near East, and its 231; œ and Babylonia, 161; Egyptian influence proto-globalised traits, 288; œ and European, claimed, 161 176 218; œ and Etruscan, Caraka Samhita , 117n Chaos, primal proto- 248; œ and Imperial Carians, identity in the element, 124, 152, 154, Romans, 248; œ and Ancient Mediterranean, 171, 101n Nkoyaland, 93n; œ and 230, 233 Chaozhou, branch of Japan, 231n; cf. Yì Jxng, Cartesian, reflecting the Sino-Tibetan, 238 Wu Xing, Taoism, Ter- thought of René Des- Chemmis, location in rien de Lacouperie**, cartes**, 192 Ancient Egypt, 6n, 101n; Cantonese Casamance, region in cf. Horizon of the Bee Chinese Academy of Southern Senegal, 14 Cheritwebeshet, Lady, 98 Social Sciences, 223n, Caslukhim, ethnic group Cherubim, class of mythi- also see IWAAS in the Ancient Mediter- cal celestial messengers Chinongosi, see Kanakosi ranean, 233 in the Judaeo-Christian CHIZODI, variable in Castillo, Upper Palaeo- tradition, 162 cluster analysis, 288 lithic site, 188 Chihamba, cult of afflic- Chnum, Ancient Egyptian Çatal Hüyük, Neolithic tion, NW Zambia, 99, creator god, 134 archaeological site, 183, 126; and Bituma, 100n CHOKBAS, variable in 246n Children of Light and the cluster analysis, 288 Catalyst, role in the most Children of Darkness, Chokwe, South Central developed version of the 224n African language and transformative cycle of CHILUNA, variable in ethnic identity, 288 elements, 120 cluster analaysis, 288 Chola, South Asian Cattle, 181 China, Chinese, region, dynastic with influence Caucasus, mountain language and people, 7, on South Central Africa, range, 191, 229, 240 11-12, 41-42, 56, 67-68, 280n Cauldron of Kingship, 74-75, 77, 80-81, 107, Christianity, 241, 295, Nkoya (Celtic, Mongo- 116, 118-122, 126, 128, 224n, 227n; non- lian, q.v. ) mytheme, 105 151-152, 163, 177, 183, Christian religion, 295; Cecrops, mythical figure 186, 208, 213, 215-221, cf. Judaism, Islam, Jesus, in Early Athenian his- 224, 226-229, 231, 235- Jesuits tory, 222-223; œ and 236, 238-245, 247-249, Chukchee-Kamchatkan, Erichthonius, 223, 242; 253, 265, 267, 277, 285, linguistic phylum, 236; cf. Erechtheus 287-288, 291, 53n, 93n, cf. Eurasiatic Celts, Celtic, 48, 105, 135, 116n, 118n, 168n, 215n- Circle-dot, cf. Arctic 113n; cf. Arthur, King; œ 216n, 219n, 221n, 223n, Circumcision, 124 and Mongolian, 105 226n-227n, 231n, 239n- CITI, see Context of Ceylon, see 240n, 246n, 268n, 272n, Intensified Transforma-

370 Quest: An African Journal of Philosophy / Revue Africaine de Philosophie , 24 (2010), 1-2: 1-398

tion and Innovation 128, 170-171, 180, 36n- Bibliotheca , II, 26 and City King, see Melqart 37n, 170n-171n; œ in 34), 155 Classic of History , see South East Asia, 170n Dance of the Elements: Sh^j2ng , 246n Cosmogonic Hypothesis Fragment B 17 of Clytemnaestra, Ancient (van Binsbergen), postu- Empedocles ( Michelini), Greek legendary figure, lates a succession, in the 165 170; cf. Helen, Dioscuri Upper Palaeolithic, of Darkness, proto-element, Coffin Texts , 163 two cosmogonies: first 135, 116n, 224n Colchis, Colchian, region the Separation of Land Dawn, see Aruna on Ancient Black Sea, and Water, subsequently Day, proto-element, 152; 111 the Separation of cf. Aether Colophon, Ancient Greek Heaven and Earth, 212 de Anima (Aristotle), 169n city, 172n Cosmogonic Virgin and de Iside et Osiride Columbus, Early Modern her Son / Lover, primal (Plutarch), 134, 100n, explorer, 20 Narrative Complex, 50, 163n Combat myth (Fonten- 52, 212 de Jong, Joop. 14 rose), as evocation of the Coyote, North American Death, implied proto- cyclical transformation trickster figure, 146 element, 135, 159 of elements, 123, 134 Crocodile, widespread Deianeira, Graeco-Roman Common Era, 62, 141, African clan name, 126 mythical figure, 134, 277, 19n, 224n Cronus, Kronos, Greek 134n; œ and Delilah, Comoro Islands, 6, 81 primal god, 133n, 172n 134; cf. Heracles Confusion of Languages Crown, element, 117n Deir el Bahari, Ancient after the Flood, , island and country, Egyptian site, 98 mytheme, 146 82 Delilah, Biblical figure, Congo Basin, 70 Culture Hero, 264 134; cf. Samson Congo(lese), River and Cupid, see Eros Delos, Delians, Aegean two countries in Central Cushitic, branch of island and inhabitants, Africa, 61, 125-126, Afroasiatic, 186, 233, 114, 114n 202, 287; œ Basin, 70; œ 230n; Low East œ , 186, Delta, Northernmost Bushong, 126; œ - 237 Egypt, 140-141, 101n; Zambezi watershed, 99, Cyclicity, 3, 145 cf. Chemmis, Neith, Saïs 280; Lower Congo, 125, Cygnean Lake, 162 Delusion, see Mara 287; cf. Zia Cyprus, island, 271 Demeter, Ancient Greek Consciousness, element, Cyrene, Ancient Mediter- earth- and vegetation 118 ranean region and goddess, 184n Context of Intensified mythical figure, 137- Den•-Sino-Caucasian, 47, Transformation and 139; cf. Aristaeus 257 Innovation, in long- Dada, Yoruba deity, 124 Department of Philosophy range history of global Dagon, Ancient West of Man and Culture, mythology, 49-50, 52, Asian god, 222; cf. Oan- Philosophical Faculty, 55, 75 nes Erasmus University Conus shell, regalium in Daisanites, followers of Rotterdam, 13 South Central Africa, 90 Bardaisan, q.v. , 116 Department of Sanskrit Corpus Hermeticum Dallit, see Untouchables and Asian Studies, Har- (Hermes Trismegistus), Danae, Graeco-Roman vard University, 7, 12 110, 110n mythical figure, visited Descent of Inanna , mythi- Correlative system, 119; by Zeus in the shape of a cal motif in Ancient cf. Yì Jxng golden rain, mother of Near East, 273n Cosmic Egg, 17, 36, 50, Perseus (Apollodorus, Descriptio Graeciae

371 Wim van Binsbergen, Before the Presocratics

(Pausanias), 134n, 265n 178 143; œ and Air, 195, Desert and Fire, realm of Dogon, West African 212-213, 263; œ and Seth, q.v. ethnic group, 125, 129, Fire, 182, 212-213; œ Desert Fringes, realm of 287, 223n and Stone, 157; œ and Nephthys, q.v. , 130 Doquebuth, Native Time, 117n; œ and Wa- Destruction, action be- American Creator figure, ter, 143, 154, 171, 212; œ tween elements, 119- 146 and Wood, 146n; as the 120, 137-139; œ and Dordogne, region in Source of Cattle (Neo- Production, 119; œ of , 184 lithic), transformation of element Earth, 139 Douala, town in Camer- the Narrative Complex Devisch, René, 13 oon, 279 ”the Earth as Primary‘, Dewi Sri, agricultural Down, extra dimension 181; œ and Horus, 133; goddess SE Asia, 100n, added to four directions Earth and Sicily, 136; œ Diachronic Aggregative so as to obtain six ele- People and Sky-People, Model of Global My- ments, 142; cf Up 143; Kind œ (Empedo- thology (van Binsber- Doxographi Graeci clean expression), 161 gen), 8, 36, 48, 54, 36n (Diels), 159 Earth-diver mytheme, Die Anfänge des Dravidian, branch of 147; cf. Mink kulturellen und Eurasiatic, 77, 230, 233, Easter Island, 217, 268n Handelsverkehr in der 237, 245, 280n East-West, pendulum- Mittelmeerwelt Drone, Nkoya clan name, swing influence, 75, (Hennig), 113n 93, 95; cf. Bee 240-242, 252, 111n, Dietz, Ton, director, Drought, see Shihoka; cf. 219n, 246n African Studies Centre, Water, Earth East, West, North and Leiden, 12 Duality, see Twins South cultural transmis- Dilmun, legendary Sumer- Dumuzi, Thammuz, sion since Late Bronze ian location often identi- Eastern Mediterranean Age, proposed ”cross- fied as Ba rayn, 77 and Mesopotamian model‘, 253 Diomedes, Graeco-Roman mythical figure, 100n Eaton, Arthur, 12 mythical figure, 246n Dutch, see Netherlands Edda , Nordic classic Dionysus, Ancient Eagle, 145; Nkoya clan, mythical text, 124n Graeco-Roman god, 91, 104 Edessa, town in Ancient 115, 208, 100n, 172n, Early Modern, 6, 55, 74, Mesopotamia, 116 223n, 246n 76-77, 109, 115, 150, EGYPGOD, variable in Dioscuri, Graeco-Roman 156, 162, 193, 222, 287, cluster analysis, 288 mythical figures, 170; cf. 10n, 19n EGYPNOM, variable in Helen, Clytemnaestra, Early-Dynastic, see Egypt cluster analysis, 288 Leda Earth, mainly as element, Egypt before the Pharaohs Dissertationes (Maximus 36, 50-52, 101, 104, (Hoffman), 20 Tyrius), 230n 116-121, 124, 130-131, Egypt(ian(s)), Ancient, 9, Dithlaola , Southern 133, 136-139, 145-147, 16, 20, 42, 73-74, 83, 98, African designation for 149, 152-155, 157-161, 101-102, 107, 111, 115, cleromantic divination 163-167, 178, 181-182, 118-119, 123-125, 129- set, 6 185, 187, 189, 192-199, 141, 143, 150, 160-161, Djunatan, Stephanus, 13 208, 211-212, 234-235, 163-164, 172-173, 175- DNA, genetically vital 251, 256, 39n, 93n, 177, 186-188, 195, 198, protein, 33, 50, 52, 79- 101n, 110n, 133n, 153n- 209-210, 227-228, 230, 80, 178, 33n; mt [ mito- 154n, 172n, 181n, 195n, 241-242, 249-250, 263, chondrial ] DNA Type 226n, 246n, 261n; œ , 265, 271-273, 275, 277, B, 63, 182; œ and RNA, Water, Fire and Air, 285, 287-288, 294, 6n,

372 Quest: An African Journal of Philosophy / Revue Africaine de Philosophie , 24 (2010), 1-2: 1-398

55n, 97n, 101n-102n, 224n; Sphere, 169-170; 227, 227n; œ and An- 117n, 124n-125n, 134n, Fragments , 106, 160, cient Egypt, 55n 153n, 175n, 225n, 230n, 234; Cosmic Cycle, 168; Ethnicity in Mediterra- 265n, 272n-273n, 280n; Empedocles and Indo- nean Protohistory (van œ, Upper, 137, 139-140; Iranian, 234 Binsbergen & Woud- and Lower œ, 102, 138- England, English, 89-90, huizen), 7, 13 139, 186, 101n; Early 99, 152-153, 158, 187, Etruscan(s), Etruria, Dynastic, 137-138; œ 110n, 227n; Anglo- language, ethnic iden- Old Kingdom, 273; œ Saxon, 6n; cf. French- tity, and region, 126, New Kingdom, 230n; œ English, United King- 136-137, 242, 248, 272 Late Period, 132; Egyp- dom, British Euphrates, River, 219, tianising, 136-137; Enki, Ancient Mesopota- 242; cf. Mesopotamia Egyptian ”Horizon of the mian deity, 243 Eurasia(n), i.e. Asia and Primal Waters‘, possible Enlightenment, period in Europe together, 9, 33- etymology of the name intellectual history of 34, 36-37, 54, 80, 105, Noah, 140n; œ Hermetic, Europe / North Atlantic 110, 116, 118, 141, 148- 141; œ Dynastic, 249; œ region 10n; cf. (Early) 149, 174, 176, 190-191, and Mesopotamia, 210; Modern 204-205, 210, 234, 242- œ and Greek, 288; cf. Ennead, Ancient Egyptian 244, 248, 256, 259-261, Hermopolis, Isis, Horus, group of primal beings, 263-266, 273, 287, 42n, Neith, Re c, and other 131, 134, 139; Bull of 97n, 117n, 184n, 223n, Egyptian deities listed, the œ , 139; cf. Heliopo- 246n, 292n; œ Upper Aristaeus, Mizraim, Two lis Palaeolithic, 205; œ Lands Enoch, Biblical and Neolithic and Bronze Egyptian Museum, Cairo, Islamic figure; and Age, 19; œ Steppe, 37, Egypt, 132 Noah, 241 222, 252, 277, 153n; œ Egyptology, Egyptologist, Epimenides, Greek sha- and Africa, 36; œ and Egyptological, 7, 45, man, 112 Oceania, 170; œ and 101, 130, 136, 140, 163 Erasmus University North America, 3 Elam(ite), region, lan- Rotterdam, 3, 7, 13 Eurasia, Western, 33, 80, guage, ethnic identity in Erebus, Graeco-Roman 148-149, 174, 190, 264, Ancient Near East, 77, primal mythical figure, 287, 266n; œ and Africa, 176, 219, 249; œ and 152 292n Dravidian, 77 Erechtheus, snake-feeted Eurasiatic, linguistic Elder Sister / Younger Graeco-Roman mythical macrophylum, 16, 52, Brother, 154n figure, 265; cf. Erichtho- 233, 236, 244-245, 257- Elegba, West African nius 258, 261-262, 191n, phallic divinity, 124 Erichthonius, snake-feeted 240n, 256n, 262n; Proto- Elephant, Nkoya clan, 104 Graeco-Roman mythical œ, 198-199; œ Upper Elymians, Ancient Medi- figure, 223, 242, 265, Palaeolithic, 36; œ Hy- terranean ethnic group, 223n; cf. Erechtheus; œ pothesis, 34n; œ and 230; cf. Ligurians Fu Xi, and Oannes, 223n Afroasiatic, 262n; œ , Empedocles,** 8-9, 31- Eros, Greek mythical Afroasiatic and Sino- 32, 106, 109-112, 115- figure, 155; cf. Love Caucasian, 261n 116, 131, 141, 149-150, Eskimo-Aleut, language Eurocentric, Eurocen- 156-161, 164-176, 178, phylum, 245; cf. Eurasi- trism, 9-10, 16, 19-20, 209, 234, 249-252, 274, atic 31, 42, 47, 130, 175, 278, 285, 290, 293, Ether, element, 117n 213, 227, 248, 292, 296, 110n, 118n, 130n, 157n, Ethiopia(n(s)), Ancient 227n 160n, 165n, 167n, 175n, region and identity, 78, Europe(an(s)), 6, 12, 18-

373 Wim van Binsbergen, Before the Presocratics

19, 37, 41, 44, 47, 53, name, 122, 236 Font de Gaume, Upper 71, 75-77, 80, 82, 84-86, Figurism, see Jesuits Palaeolithic site, 188 115-116, 119, 129, 142, Finisher, Nkoya clan, 96 Fontes atque pontes: 149-150, 161, 185, 209, Finn, , Finnish, Reihe Ägypten und Altes 215, 218, 227, 241, 248, Iron as mythical figure, Testament (series on 251-252, 258, 264, 274, 39 Ancient Egyptian / An- 283, 290, 295, 6n, 223n, Fire, 18, 39, 95, 104, 116- cient Israelite continui- 228n, 279n-280n; œ 121, 124, 130-133, 137, ties, ed. Görg, M.), 225n Upper Palaeolithic, 163, 139, 143, 145-146, 149, Force, Chinese trigram 188; European Romantic 153-155, 157-159, 165- name, 122, 236 poets, 149; œ and the 166, 172, 180, 182, 187, Formosa, see Taiwan North Atlantic region, 189, 192-199, 211-213, Fortes, Meyer, 84 175; œ and Africa, 267 230, 234, 250-251, 263, Foundations of Intercul- Eurydice, Broad Justice, 39n, 93n, 116n-117n, tural Philosophy, Chair, Graeco-Roman mythical 146n, 153n-154n, 160n, Philosophical Faculty, figure, 137-138, 134n; 246n, 261n; œ Giant, Erasmus University cf. Orpheus, Aristaeus 154; œ and Water, 137, Rotterdam, 3 Eurytus, pupil of Phi- 153n-154n; œ and Air, Fragmente der lolaus, 264 137, 143, 117n; Fires, as griechischen Historiker, Ewe, West African ethnic part of foursome, 196, Die (Jacoby), 223n group, 123 128n, cf. Wind etc.; Fire- Fragments (Empedocles), Ewige Wiederkehr des god, 246n; Fire, Water, 106, 160, 165, 173, 234 Gleichen (Nietzsche), Lion and Snake, appar- Fragments (Heraclitus), 211 ent transformation cycle 173 Ex Oriente Lux , ”Light of elements, traversed in France, French, language, from the East‘, 175 narrative of Thetis seek- country and ethnic iden- Exalted Insider, 257; cf. ing to avoid marrying tity, 14, 156, 183-184, Sacred Outsider Peleus, 172 188, 192, 212, 216, Exile, Babylonian: pre- Firewood, Nkoya clan, 200n, 227n; œ -British, Exilic Israelite, 150 104 213, 216 Exodus , Bible book, 225n Fish Eagle, Nkoya clan, Francistown, town in NE Exodus, Out-of-Africa, 104 Botswana, 6-7, 13, 44, q.v. Fish Spear, Nkoya clan, 276 Extended Fertile Crescent, 88 Franco-Cantabrian region, Neolithic, 47, 52, 56-58, Five Phases, Chinese in Southern France / 62, 79-80, 211, 253 elements, see WuXing Northeastern , with Fabulae (Hyginus), 265n Flood Plain, Zambezi, 87, high concentration of Fagbemissi, 14 102n, 154n Upper and Meso Palaeo- Fan Qie, Chinese pronun- Flood, mytheme, 8, 36, lithic sites, 183, 188, ciation device, 238, 218n 39-40, 49-51, 58, 63, 72- 191, 197, 202, 219n Fasti (Ovid), 136n 73, 100, 123, 146-147, Freyr, Nordic mythical Fathers, epithet for plan- 162, 182, 204, 208, 220, figure, 153 ets, 110; cf. Mothers 247, 251, 261, 267, 277, Fu Xi, Chinese mythical Feminine Arts, the, 293, 19n, 146n, 246n, figure, 222, 241, 243, Narrative Comples, 181; 292n; œ and Tower 246, 265, 223n, 246n; cf. Spider myths, 72, 281; cf. Con- and Nü Wa, 243 Fertile Crescent, 79; see fusion of languages Furtherance, between Extended Fertile Cres- Fomorians, mythical elements, 119 cent ethnic group, Ancient Fusion, Empedoclean Field, Chinese trigram Ireland, 230 theme, 169; cf. Love,

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Strife 89n 119, 126, 131, 133, 135- Fuzhou, division of Sino- Gigantes, Graeco-Roman 138, 149-152, 154-160, Tibetan, 238 mythical figures, 136 163, 166, 170-172, 174- Ga, ethnic group, West Gilgamesh, 134-135; 175, 178, 185-186, 209, Africa, 123 Gilgamesh Epic , 188; œ 213, 222, 226, 232, 234, Gaia, Graeco-Roman and Samson, 135 239, 242, 244-246, 248, mythical figure, Earth, Global Bee Flight (abor- 251, 263, 287-288, 292, 133n tive earlier draft of the 294, 7n, 110n, 113n- Game Meat of Kingship, present book; van Bins- 114n, 118n, 133n-134n, Nkoya mytheme, 105; bergen), 15, 17 153n, 170n, 188n, 223n, cf. Cauldron Gluckman, Max, 89n 226n, 272n-273n; Ar- Ganesh, elephant-shaped Gnostic(ism), 111, 177 chaic œ, 188n; œ Phi- Hindu god, 223 Goat, Nkoya clan, 103 losophy, 20, cf. Ganga, South Asian Göbekli Tepe, Neolithic Presocratics, Stoics, mythical figure repre- archaeological site, Aristotle, Plato etc.; œ senting the River Anatolia, 231n Classical Age, 141; œ Ganges, 39 God, 39, 100, 105, 125- and Indian, 234; œ and Garuda, mythical figure S 126, 160, 162, 164, 39n, Hittite, 244; œ -Anatolœ and SE Asia, 281; cf. 116n, 172n; œ of Iron, ian, 232; Graeco- Vishnu 39n; Iao, 172n; œ ‘s Roman, 58, 116, 129, Gaul, region coinciding Child, 100; Supreme œ, 135-136, 150, 157, 162, with present-day France 126 178, 188, 222, 243, 264, and N , 113n Godai, Japanese name for 6n; Graecianising Ro- Gautama, see Buddha element, 118, 287 man, 136; œ -English, Geb, Ancient Egyptian Gonçalo de Silveira, Fr., 160n; cf. Graecia Earth god, 130, 138, 163 martyr in Zimbabwe, Magna, Descriptio Genesis , Bible book, 72, 69n Graeciae, Doxographi 100, 134, 150, 204, 229- Gorge, Chinese trigram Graeci , Hellenism, An- 230, 281, 19n, 216n, name, 122, 236 tiquity, Presocratic; cf. 227n, 230n Goryeo dynasty, Korea, Hellenic Geniza, storeroom of a 281n; cf. Kola GREEKMYT, variable in synagogue, notably at Graduate School of Asian cluster analysis, 288 Cairo, Egypt, 15, 247n and African Area Stud- Grizzly Bear, mythical Gentle, Chinese trigram ies, Kyoto University, figure, Menomini peo- name, 122, 236 Japan, 14 ple, North America, 147 Geomancy, geomantic, 65, Graecia Magna, South Ground, 122, 236; cf. 67; in Africa, 69; further Italy, 18, 38, 41, 109, Earth see cilm al-raml , Hakata , 234, 250, 290, 292 Guinea Fowl, Nkoya clan, Sixteen Cowries, Ifa, Yì Gray Bear, mythical 104 J2ng, Sikidy , Punk- figure, North America, Guinea-Bissau, country, tierkunst 147 14 Georgica (Vergil), 136n Great Britain, see British Gulf of Bengal, 280n German(y), Germans, 42, Great Zimbabwe, archaeo- Gumede, Mr Smarts, 13 90, 128, 175, 183, 187, logical site, Zimbabwe, Gun, Chinese element 215 64 God in the shape of a Giant, 154; cf. Gigantes Greece, Greek(s), lan- White Horse taming the Gielgud-Anderson Expe- guage, ethnic group, Waters, personification dition (1900 CE) to the region, 10, 13, 15-16, of an element, 246n Hook of Kafue, today‘s 20, 37, 41, 47, 69, 75, Gurung, branch of Sino- Central Zambia, 1900, 81, 83, 85, 107, 109-117, Tibetan, 238

375 Wim van Binsbergen, Before the Presocratics

Gypsies, 90, 230; cf. Kale, Hawk, Nkoya clan, 104 Egypt, 249-250; cf. Sinties Heat, meaning attributed South Asia Haarlem, town in the to the name of one of Hephaestus, Hephaistos, Netherlands, 4, 16 Noah‘s sons, 140n 39, 135-136, 153-155, Hades, Greek underworld, Heaven, celestial, 18, 50- 159, 161, 230, 250-251, 112, 152, 160, 52, 100-101, 118, 137, 6n-7n, 39n, 153n, 160n; 172n,184n 143, 152-153, 164-165, œ and Athena, 135 Hadza, Khoisanoid East 181-182, 188-189, 194, Hera, Greek goddess, 141, African language cluster, 212, 238, 258-259, 39n, 155, 159-161, 160n; cf. 230 97n, 111n, 124n, 140n, Life-bringing Here Hainuwele, SE Asian 153n, 184n, 216n; Heracles, Ancient Greek agricultural goddess, Mesopotamian œ , 216n; hero, 135, 151, 243, 100n œ and Earth, 36, 51, 104, 134n; cf. Deianeira Hakata, South Central 133, 152, 164, 181, 208, Heraclitus, as proposed African geomantic ( q.v. ) 234, 93n, 101n, 133n author of four-element divination system, 6, 64, Heavy Black, see Ch‘ung doctrine instead of 81-82, 209, 270-271, Li Empedocles, 173 128n Hebrew, 20, 69, 135, 150, Heraclitus: the Cosmic Hallo, W.W., 14 160, 140n, 247n; œ Stud- Fragments (Kirk), 173 Halmaheira, island, ies / Hebraeist(ics), 15; œ Hercules Oetaeus (Se- , 162 and Biblical, 17; cf. neca), 134n am, Biblical figure, 216n Judaism Hercules, see Heracles Hamitic Thesis, 73, 233 Heitsi Eibib, SW African Here, see Life-bringing Hamito-Semitic, 233; see culture hero and trick- Hera Afroasiatic ster, 263-265; cf. Hereditary Prince, pro- Hanno, Phoenician admi- Wounded Knee posed meaning of name ral and explorer, 75 Helena, Ancient Greaco- Orpheus, 138 Harare, capital of Zim- Roman mythical figure, Hermes Trismegistus, babwe, 202 138; and Clytemnaestra, 241; Hermeticism, 110; Harmony, Empedoclean 170 Hermetic, 141; cf. Cor- concept, 161 Heliopolis, Heliopolitan, pus Hermeticus Harrassowitz, publishing Ancient Egyptian city of Hermopolis, Hermopoli- house, 225n On, 130-131, 138-139; œ tan, 139, 177, 209; œ Harvard University, Ennead, 131, 139 Ogdoad, 131, 139 Cambridge MA, USA, 7, Helios, Helius, Graeco- Hermotimus, Greek 12 Roman sun god, 159, shaman, 112 Hasharet al-Fras, ”Mare 172n, 184n, 273n; cf. Hidden One, 130, see Stone‘, shrine, NW Sol, Sun, Fire Atum Tunisia, 264 Hellenic, also see Greek, Hindrance, between Hathor, House of Horus, 172, 242, 290, 294, elements, 119, 138 Ancient Egyptian god- 170n; œ Athens, 242; Hindu(ism), 14, 116-118, dess, 124, 133 Pre- œ, 174 128, 281, 287, 67n, atti, polity in Bronze Hellenism, Hellenist, 117n-118n; œ and Bud- Age Anatolia, 294; cf. Hellenistic (Greek / dhist, 14, 116-118, 287, Hittite, Eastern syncretism from 117n-118n Hausa, branch of Afroasi- Alexander the Great Hirafuji Kikuko, 12, 14 atic, 198; Standard œ , onwards), 209, 223, 249, Historiae (Herodotus), 38, 198 252, 290, 294, 114n, 229, 265n Havamal , part of the Elder 117n-118n, 223n; œ Historische Zeitschrift , Edda , 124n Mesopotamia, 243; œ 113n

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Hittite(s), language and mythical monster, 134- Cowries, 81 ethnic group, 226-227, 135 Igwenia, community, 232, 239-240, 244, 250, Humbu, South Central early colonial Southern 219n, 226n-227n, 230n, African ethnic group, Africa, 269 280n 98-99 Ila, ethnic group in Zam- Hokan, language in North Hundred Families, con- bia, 90 America, 146 cept in Chinese Ancient Iliad (Homer), 152-153, Holocene, geological history, 220, 243, 216n; 155, 230, 39n period spanning the last cf. Bak Sing Illyria(n(s)), Ancient 10,000 years, 18, 34, Hyksos, Asiatic dynasty in Mediterranean ethnic 180, 170n; œ South East Egypt and elsewhere in group, language and Asia, 36n the Ancient Mediterra- region, 233 Homer**, Homerus, 20, nean, 141 cilm al-raml / a al-raml, 152-153, 155, 157, 230, Hyperborean(s), 112-114, Arabian form of geo- 251, 7n, 39n, 153n, 272n; œ Apollo, 112, mancy, 6, 65, 67-69, 74, 188n, 273n; Homer and 272n 81, 150, 209, 247-248, Hesiod, 152, 157; œ ‘s Hypotheses = Working 116n, 128n, 166n, 282n; Sinties, 230; cf. Iliad , Hypothesis and Alterna- œ in , 74 Odyssey , Homeric Hymn tive Working Hypothe- Imagines (Philostratus the to Pythian Apollo , Alle- sis, q.v. , guiding this Elder), 154n goriae œ-ica book‘s argument, 171, Imbi, personal essence Homeric Hymn to Pythian 174, 251, 253, 255, (Kongo), 125 Apollo , 39n I Ching , 7, 219; see Yì Inanna, Ancient Mesopo- Hook of the Kafue, J2ng tamian goddess, 273n; location, Central Zam- ”I Studied Inscriptions cf. Descent bia, 89n from Before the Flood‘: (n(s)), 5-6, 9, 12, 14, Hopi, North American Ancient Near Eastern, 41-42, 66, 77-78, 81, ethnic group, 142 Literary, and Linguistic 107, 150, 177, 223, 227, Horizon of the Bee, Approaches to Genesis 229, 234, 242, 275, 282, location in Egyptian 1-11 (Hess & Tsumura), 67n; œ Ganesh, 223; œ Delta, 101n; cf. Chem- 19n and European, 150; œ mis IuTn al- afT , Brethern of and Japan, 107, 227; Horizon of the Primal Purity ( q.v. ), 150, 282n Indology, 282; cf. Vedas Waters, possible Egyp- Iao, fourfold (Levantine) Indian Ocean, 6, 38, 44, tian etymology of the god as attested in Ionian 52, 59-60, 63, 68-70, 72, name of Noah ( q.v. ), context, 172n 74, 76, 80, 129, 151, 140n Iberia(n(s)), 230, 240; 180, 267, 291, 100n, Horus, r, Ancient Egyp- Ibero-Sicanians, 233; 287n; œ and the Persian tian god, 130-133, 138, Ibero-Ligurians, Secon- Gulf, 68; œ and Africa, 140, 163, 211, 6n, 101n, dary ( q.v. ), 233 78; cf. Comoro Isl. 134n; Sons of œ , 131; œ Iceland, Nordic island Indo-Aryan, 69, 233 the Younger, 131; Eyes state; œ South Asia and Indo-Chinese, 216; cf. of œ , Sun and Moon, China, extent of triadic Terrien de Lacouperie 138 belt, 208 Indo-European, 18, 69, 90, Hou Yi, Chinese mythical Idea, element, 117; cf. 152, 185-186, 226, 232- archer, 243 Aether 234, 236, 239-240, 244- House of the Bee, 101n; Ifa, West African geoman- 245, 247-248, 257-258, cf. Saïs tic divination, 69-70, 72, 261, 277, 109n, 181n, House of the Sun, 137 81, 111, 124, 209, 268, 219n, 226n-227n, 240n, Humbaba, Levantine 290, 128n; œ and Sixteen 272n; and Sino-Tibetan,

377 Wim van Binsbergen, Before the Presocratics

240; and Afroasiatic, Irani-Syriac, 224n; œ and 223; cf. Ganesha, Oan- 232; œ Studies, 234; non- Mesopotamian Magi, nes, Basojaun Indo-European lan- 115; œ and Northern Japan(ese), country, guages, 295 India to China, 42; cf. language and identity, Indo-Iranian, branch of Persia(n(s)) 11-12, 14, 37, 39, 81, Indo-European ( q,v, ), Iraq(i), 6, 44, 74, 81, 110, 107, 116, 118, 216, 218, 234, 250, 281, 37n 116, 150, 116n, 128n; œ 222, 227, 242-243, 245, Indonesia(n(s)), 14, 54, and (ian), 68 249, 285, 287, 291, 37n, 76-77, 99, 128, 162, 280, Ireland, Irish, 230, 243; cf. 100n, 116n, 153n, 216n, 55n, 287n Black œ , Fomorians 231n; œ Buddhist, 279; Indra, South Asian god, Isis, Ast, 124, 130-131, Japanology, 11; œ - 153 133, 163, 211, 6n, 134n; Nkoya, 277; œ and Etru- Indus Valley, 268n; and œ and Nephthys, 138; ria, 242; œ and Indone- Easter Island, 217 and Horus, 133; œ cult in sia, 99 Inoue Nobutaka, 12 Roman empire, 295 Japhet, Biblical figure, Insanga, a name for the Islam(ic), 5-6, 44, 63, 65- 140n junior female tablet in 66, 70, 72, 75, 77-78, 82, Jason, Ancient Greek Southern African divina- 110-111, 115, 119, 128, hero, 111, 246n; cf. tion, 269 241, 264-265, 268-269, Medeia Institute for African 290, 116n, 128n, 166n, Java, Indonesian island, Studies, UNZA, Lusaka, 224n, 282n; œ Iraq, 6, 14 Zambia, 13 68; œ Indonesia, 55n; Jeddito valley, Institute for Economic and Ottoman œ , 84; œ in site, USA, 145 Social Research, UNZA, West and East Africa, 73 Jesuits, Society of Jesus, Lusaka, Zambia, 13 (ite), Ancient, 14, Roman Catholic clerical Institute of West Asian 68, 126, 150, 233, 241, order, 215, 241; œ Figur- and African Studies 271, 225n; œ and An- ism, 241 (IWAAS), Chinese cient Iran, 271; cf. Bible, Jesus of Nazareth, 41, Academy of Social Sci- Hebrew, Judaism 208, 100n; cf. Christian- ences, Beijing, People‘s Issa / cAissa, Islamic ity, Issa / cAissa Republic of China, 223n prophet, identical with Jew(ish), see Judaism Insult, between elements, Jesus, 70; cf. Jesus Jinpho, branch of Sino- 119 Italy, Italic, Italian, 41, Tibetan, 238 International Association 109-110, 136-137, 140- Jongmans, Douwe G., 4-5 for Comparative My- 141, 161, 164, 223, 234, Judaism, Jew(ish) 78, 82, thology, 8 292, 181n; and Ancient 162, 295, 224n-225n, International Conference Egypt, 164 227n, 247n; œ and Chris- Rethinking Africa‘s IWAAS, see: Institute of tianity, 225n, 227n; œ , Transcontinental Conti- West Asian and African Christianity and Islam, nuities in Pre- and Pro- Studies 146n; cf. Exile, Babylo- tohistory, 12, 36n, 225n Izanagi, Japanese primal nian, Hebrew, Bible, Internet, 82, 244 god, 39 Israel(ite) Ionia(n(s)), 18, 38, 41, 86, Izanami, Japanese primal Judges , Biblical book, 134 171, 174, 234, 250, 290, goddess, 39, 116n Jupiter, Jove, see Zeus 292, 172n; œ and Graecia Jaccetani, Ancient Medi- Kabambi, Mwene, Nkoya Magna, 18; œ as Pelas- terranean ethnic group, King, 13; cf. Kahare, gians, 38; cf. Presocrat- 233 Kale ics , island and Kabbalah, esoteric com- Iran(ian(s)), 41-42, 68, country, 162 plex of Judaism, 177 111, 115, 234, 271; Janus, Ancient Italic god, Kabulwebulwe, Nkoya

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royal title, 89 Who Joins the Forked people, 186 Ka caba, main Islamic Poles‘, mythical ruler in Khoi, Southern African shrine, 265 South Central Africa, language and people, Kachin, branch of Sino- 281, 216n; cf. Kasyapa, 186 Tibetan, 238 Nimrod, Mahakashapa Khoikhoi, Southern Kafue River, Central Kapi, conventional twin‘s African language and Zambia 87 name, Nkoya, 206; cf. people, 186 Kagutsuchi, Japanese Fire Mbuyu Khoisan, macrophylum god, 39, 153n Kartvelian, branch of and genetic cluster, now Kahare, Kahale, Mwene, Eurasiatic, 245 confined to Southern Nkoya royal title, 13, Karumi, a name for the Africa, 62, 186, 232- 89-90; Kabambi, 13, senior male tablet in 233, 257, 261-262, 264, 102n Southern African divina- 273-274, 186n, 231n, Kaike, Sino-Tibetan tion, 269 263n; Khoisanoid, 230, language, 238 Kashap Samhita , 253; œ and Amerind, Kalapukila, mid-20 th c. Ayurvedic text, 281 274; Central œ , 186; œ CE incumbent of the Kasyapa, Sri Lankan king, and North Caucasian, Mutondo kingship 281; cf. Kapesh 186; cf. Khoi, Khoikhoi, among the Nkoya, 91n Katete, Reed Person, 98- Khoekhoe, Khoe; cf. Kale, variant of Nkoya 99, 275; œ and Luhamba, Bantu royal name Kahare, 88- 101-102, 206 Khotan, Central Asian 90, 104-105 Kathiavar, peninsula, SW region and Middle Ira- Kalevala ( [ Lönnrot, E.** Asia, 280n nian language, 69, 216n; ] ), 39n, 153n Kauket and Kuk, primal and the Tarim Valley, Kalinien, Middle Palaeo- divine pair of Darkness, 249 lithic archaeological 131 Khurasan, Central Asian complex, Angola, 201 Kawanga, Davison, 6, 13 region, 116; and China, Kalmuk, Central Asian Kazakhstan, Central Asian 116 group, 216n region, 246n, 291n Kindling, Nkoya clan Kaluwe, Nkoya deity, Kazanga Cultural Society, name, 92, 104; œ and 206; cf. Luwe, Mwen- Nkoya neo-traditional Smoke, 95-96 danjangula organisation named after Kirkland, Forrest, copyist Kamanisha, Nkoya clan, the revived Kazanga of Lower Pecos River 91, 96-97 festival, 13 art, 145 Kamunu, first human in Keeping Still, Mountain, Kisha Manido, High God Western Zambian meaning of Chinese among the Menomini of mythical accounts, 39 trigram name gèn , 122, North America, 147 Kanakosi, a name for the 236 KitTb al ayawTn (al- junior male tablet in Keerthi, Sri Lankan cult Dja i), 78 Southern African divina- leader, 14 KitTb al-A àTni (Abu‘l tion, 269 Ketshi, 216n, cf. Kütsché Faraj), 63 Kanohaha, Nkoya deity, Ketsü, 216n, cf. Kütsché Kobah, Mt, 146 206 Khami, Zimbabwean Köbben, A.J.F., 15 Kantian, 19, 192; cf. archaeological site, 69n Kode, see Kole, Kola Kant** Khanty, see Ostyaks Kojiki (Ancient Japanese Kaoma, district and Khoe, Southern African text), 39 district capital, Western language and people, Kokugakuin Shinto Zambia, 89, 97, 39n, 91n 186 University, Tokya, Ja- Kapesh ka Mununga Khoekhoe, Southern pan, 11 Mpanda, ”the Kapesh African language and Kola, Kole, transcontinen-

379 Wim van Binsbergen, Before the Presocratics

tal toponym, 280, 280n- toponimical cluster in 183-184, 187-192, 195- 281n; cf. Korea, Munda, the Ancient and Bible 197, 200, 287, 183n- Chola, Angola World, 229-230, 216n 184n, 200n Kololo, Southern African Kütsché, ethnic group in Latin, Ancient and Me- ethnic group and lan- Central Asia, which dieval language, 15, 69, guage invading Upper Karst proposes to iden- 75, 117, 136, 150, 287, Zambezi region in sec- tify as Terrien de La- 295, 7n, 69n, 172n, ond quarter of 19 th c. couperie‘s Bak Sing, 181n; cf. Rome CE, 270 216n; cf. Hundred Fami- Laussel, Upper Palaeo- Kon Tiki, 266n; cf. lies lithic site, France, 189 Heyerdahl** Kwame Legwane Tradi- Lavwe, Nkoya clan, 89, Kora, see Kurukh tional Association of 90, 96, 98, 100, 103, 105 Korc Kosmou, see Virgin Botswana, 3 Law of Conservation of of the World , 141 Kyoto, city in Japan, 12; Matter (Lavoisier), 166 Korea(n(s)), 37, 81, 217, Kyoto University, 14 Le Puits, Grotte de Las- 222, 277, 279, 216n, , Middle caux, France, Upper 280n-281n; œ and Japa- Palaeolithic site, France, Palaeolithic site, 184 nese, 277, 216n 188 Lealui, Barotse capital, Koroi, see Kurukh Laceulle MD, Joost, 16 269-270 Kotchi, 216n; cf. Kütsché La-Chapelle-aux-Saints, Leda, Graeco-Roman Krittika, see Pleiades 188 mythical character, 170 Kshatriya, warrior / royal Laco Tritonis, in Ancient Leg-Child, mythical caste in South Asia, with , 246n; see Ło  al- character born outside proposed extension to Jerxd; Central Asian normal human birth SC Africa, 280 location suggested, channel, 181 *Ksing, [ *ba-], 216n; cf. 146n; cf. Athena Leiden, 3, 12, 15-16, 35, Kütsché, Bak Sing Laduma Madela, lightning 36n, 53n, 62n, 129n, Kuami, a name for the sorcerer, Southern Af- 171n, 223n, 225n, 279n, senior female tablet in rica, 127-128 287n; Leiden University Southern African divina- Lake Baikal, 34 Medical Centre, 16; tion, 269 Lake Campbell, 146 Leiden 2012 conference, Kuaua, location in New Lake Chad, 244 see Rethinking Africa‘s Mexico, 145 Lalafuta, river in Nkoya- transcontinental… Kuba, Congolese ethnic land, 99 Leipzig, town in Ger- group, 61 Lamaist, variety of Bud- many, 173 Kuk, ”darkness‘, Ancient dhism, 12 Leleges, Ancient Mediter- Egyptian primal deity Lamia, destructive mythi- ranean ethnic group, and proto-element, 131; cal figure, 135 Secondary ( q.v. ), 233 cf. Kauket Land, mythical being, 36, Lepcha, Sino-Tibetan Kun (1) personal name, 51, 124, 130, 132, 143, language, 238 see Gun (2) kun , trigram 182, 189, 194, 208, 212, Les Eyzies de Tayac, town name Earth, q.v. 153n, 195n; as Earth, in France, 14 Kurru, see Kurukh 130; Earth and Water, Les formes elementaires Kurukh, Dravidian 124, 208; cf. Water, de la vie religieuse toponym, 280n Mothern of the Waters (Durkheim), 91 Kuruvi, the Path of Luwe, Langu, Nkoya clan, 90, Leto, Graeco-Roman South Central African 104; Langu-Nkwehe, goddess, 113 conception of the Milky 90n Letter to the Editor Way, 202 Lascaux, Upper Palaeo- (Terrien de Lacouperie), Kush, ethnic and lithic site, France, 20, 225

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Levant(ine), Eastern Lion and Snake; cf. Sun 98-99 Mediterranean region, Lipepo, ”Royal Person Lui, Haifang, 12, 223n 135, 151, 264, 151n; cf. Wind‘, Nkoya mythical Luò, River, 246 Syro-Palestine, Phoeni- figure, 101n Lusaka, capital of Zambia, cia, Anatolia, Cyprus Lipupe, Mwene, Nkoya 13 Leviathan, mythical legendary royal ancest- Lushai, branch of Sino- aquatic figure of Ancient ress, 101n Tibetan, 238, 245 Israelites, 164; cf. Tia- London, English city, 132, Lushimba, stream in mat, Neith 216, 110n Nkoyaland, 99 Leya, ethnic group South- Lord, epithet for divinity Luwe, mythical unilateral western Zambia, 269, in Ancient Mediterra- being, 162; Path of œ , 272 nean region, 160; cf. Milky Way, 202; cf. Libya(n(s)), 102n, 246n; œ Adonai Mwendanjangula, Neith, 137 Louvain School of anthro- Kaluwe Lickers, Nkoya clan, 89, pology, 96 Luwian-Hittite, Anatolian 104-105 Louvre, Paris Museum, language cluster, 69 Life-bringing Here [Hera], 212 Luyana, pre-Kololo Empedoclean expres- Love, Empedoclean Barotse polity and ethnic sion, 158; cf. Hera concept, 157-158, 168- group, Western Zambia, Light, 135, 116n-117n, 169 87, 270; cf. Nkoya, Lozi, 224n; œ , Gnostic, 177; Lower Pecos River, 143, Barotseland Light Comes from the 145; œ art, 145 Luyi, see Lozi East (Ex Oriente Lux), Lozi, ethnic group and Lycia(n(s)), Ancient 175; cf. Darkness, Sun language, Western Zam- Mediterranean region Lightning Bird, primal bia, 89, 102n; Paramount and inhabitants, 230, 250 Narrative Complex, 50, Chief, 87; cf. Barotse, Lydia(n(s)), Ancient 180, 36n; cf. World or Nkoya, Kololo, Luyi, Mediterranean region Cosmic Egg Luyana and inhabitants, 230 Lightning, 50, 145, 180, Lualaba River, South Lyovu lya Mbuwa, Nkoya 36n; cf. œ Bird, Laduma, Central Africa, 64 legendary figure, 99 Fire Luba, ethnic group, South Ma Lin, medieval Chinese Liguria(n(s)), Ancient Central Africa, 202 painter, 246 Mediterranean language Lubumba, Nkoya head- Madagascar, Malagasy, and identity, 230, 233; man and prophet / witch- island and language pre-Euscarian Liguroids, finder, 39n cluster, 6, 15, 34, 52, 59, 233; œ and Elymians, Luchele, mythical White 61, 69, 74-76, 81, 128- 230 figure among Bemba 129, 272, 279, 287, Likambi, Nkoya legendary and related peoples, 128n; œ and the Comoro female ruler, 135; cf. South Central Africa, 26 Islands, 6, 81; œ and Shihoka Ludim, Biblical / Ancient Southern Africa, 74; cf. Likota lya Bankoya Mediterranean ethnic Nkoya, sikidy (Shimunika), 88-89, 95- group, 230; cf. Madela, see Laduma 96, 99, 102-103, 105- Lydia(n(s)), Caria(n(s)), Madeleine, La, Upper 106, 125, 101n Lycia(n(s)) Palaeolithic site, France, Lilith, mythical female Lufupa, stream in Nkoya- 189 figure in Judaism, 135 land, 99 Maghreb, Western North Limpopo Province, South Luhamba, ”Royal Travel- Africa, 230 Africa, 276 ling Thing‘, Nkoya Magi, Ancient Mesopota- Limpopo River, 270 mythical figure, 98-102, mian ritual specialists, Lion, see: Fire, Water, 206, 275; œ and Katete, 112, 115; cf. Chaldaean

381 Wim van Binsbergen, Before the Presocratics

Mahakasyapa, discipline Complex, 50-51 Mediterranean, Sea, and of the Buddha, 281 Maori, ethnic group, New region, 36-38, 47, 53-54, Mahavagga , 281n; cf. Zealand, 133n 76-78, 80, 84, 135, 151, Vinaya Pitaka Mapungubwe, archaeo- 174, 230, 232-233, 240, Makanga, Nkoya clan, 91, logical site, Southern 244, 264, 272, 275, 294, 104 Africa, 64, 279 100n, 113n, 129n, 219n, Makoni, archaeological Mara, Delusion, Buddhist 230n; œ Bronze Age, 45, site in Zimbabwe, 203 concept, 135 76, 185, 227; œ proto- Makuwa, East African Marduk, solar chief god of history, 7, 13; œ Late language, 35 Babylon, 135 Antiquity, 68, 77; œ and Malagasy, see Madagascar Mari, Bronze Age culture, Western Europe, 37; œ Malapa, M.M., 13 Eastern Mediterranean, and the Atlantic Ocean, Malawi(an), Southern 242 267; œ and West Africa, African country, 89n, Mars, planet and deity, 99; and South Central 99n-100n 280; cf. Skanda, Shi- Africa, 99; and Middle , country in SE kanda, Mangala East, 161 Asia, 14 , Upper Melqart, city god, 135; cf. Mali, West African Palaeolithic site, France, Heracles country, 125, 223n; cf. 188 Melusine, European Dogon Masai, East African ethnic mythical figure, 135; Mallos, Ancient Anatolian group, 73 and Lilith, 135 city, 159 Masculinisation, process Mencius, Meng-Tze, 177; Manabush, Menomini through which female parallel with Meno. q.v. trickster figure, North deities turned into male Menelaus, hero before America, 147 ones in the Old World Troy, 138, 246n; and Manchester School, of during the Bronze Age, Helena, 138; and Dio- social anthropology, 89, 52; cf. Athena, Poseidon, medes, 246n 89n Atum, Re c Menes, legendary First- Mandarin, variety of Matsumura, Kazuo, 12, 14 Dynasty Egyptian king, Chinese, 238 Matter, 166 140; cf. cAha Manding, West African Mawu, High God, Ewe Meno (Plato), 177 language and ethnic people, West Africa, 123 Menomini, Menominee, group, 77 Maya, South American ethnic group in North Man-faced Ox-creatures, ethnic group, 267 America, 147, 287 see Ox Mayowe, Stanford, 13 Meroe, polity in NE Mangala, planet Mars, Mbetsi, Mbedzi, ”moon‘ Africa in beginning of 280; cf. Skanda, or ”Buddha‘, and mythi- Common Era, 294 Shikanda, Nkoya cal ancestor,Douala, Meso-America, 48, 99, Manichaeism, 224n, 242n; Cameroon, 279 267, 100n, 177n, 266n cf. Mani** Mbona, Malawian and Mesolithic, 230; Natufian, Manidoes, Manido, mythical figure, 100n 262n; Eastern Iberian, Menomini mythical evil- Mbunze, Nkoya clan, 89, 230 doers,147 91, 99, 104 Mesopotamian, Ancient, Manipura (Navel): Fire, Mbuyu, conventional 12-13, 42, 75, 115, 117, 117n twin‘s name, Nkoya, 119, 138, 164, 188, 210, Manjaco, ethnic group in 206; cf. Kapi 213, 216-218, 220, 222, West Africa, 14 Medeia, lengendary 226-229, 231, 241-243, Mankala, board-game, 45, Colchian princess turned 247, 265, 271-273, 287, 54-59 sorceress, 111; cf. Jason, 100n, 117n, 215n-216n, Mantis, primal Narrative Pelias, Colchis 219n, 223n-224n, 282n;

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and Ancient Egypt, 75, mythical figure, 147 263-264, 277, 287, 216n, 119, 188, 227-228, 273, Mist, 160; cf. Tfnt 281n; and Tibet, 264; 287; and Ancient Mistress, of the Waters Mongoloid, 219n Greece, 75, 287; and Below, 138; œ of the Montgolfier Bros, inven- Barotseland, 272; and Waters Above and Be- tors of hot-air balloon, China, 220, 216n low, 137; œ of the Primal 193 Metal, element, 104, 118- Waters, 51; œ of the Montignac, location of 121, 124, 137-138, 181, House, 133; cf. Lascaux Cave, France, 263, 153n-154n Nephthys 184 Metamorphoses (Ovid), Mithras, oriental cult in Moon, 50, 114, 124, 138, 155, 162, 251, 267, Roman Empire, 295 178, 181-182, 279; 134n, 265n Mizraim, ”Egyptians‘, Moon stations, naksha- Metaphysics (Aristotle), Ancient Mediterranean tra , 126, 288; cf. CHI- 206, 173n ethnic cluster, 230 LUNA, Mbetsi, Eyes of Meteorites, 181, 265; cf. MmaNdlovu, Rosi, 13 Horus Stones MmaShakayile, Elizabeth, Morgana, Celtic legendary Meteorologica (Aristotle), 13 figure, 135; and 159, 165 Mn, see Menomini Mordred, 135; cf. Arthur Meton, Metonic Cycle, Mnengi snake (Zulu Moscow, Russian city, Greek astronomical representation), 128, 256n concept to reconcile the 128n Moses, Mosis, Moshe, lunar and solar calendar, MODCON, variable in Biblical figure, 41, 225n 114n cluster analysis, 288 Mosima, Pius, 13 Mexico, Mexican, 14, Modern, 6, 10, 12-13, 18- Motacilla , wagtail bird, 144, 147, 266-268; cf. 19, 31-33, 40, 46, 48, 50, 39, 277 New Mexico 52, 55, 63, 71, 76-77, Mother, 51, 125, 133, 164, Mfecane , violent upheaval 84-86, 109, 115, 148- 187, 189, 212, 257, in Southern Africa, first 150, 156, 162, 174-175, 101n, 154n-155n, 194n- quarter 19 th c. CE, 270 178, 180, 187, 193, 195, 195n, 246n; œs, as ele- Miao-Yao, East Asian 211, 213, 220, 222, 287- ments (against planets as ethnic group and lan- 288, 290, 293, 296, 6n, Fathers), and as geoman- guage, 187; Proto- œ , 10n, 33n, 45n, 110n, tic basic configurations, 186 220n; œ World System, 110; Mother of the (Pri- Michael, Archangel, see 31; œ North Atlantic mal) Waters, 125, 133, Tears region, 85, 213; œ Asian, 164, 189, 212, 101n, Micronesia, part of the 12, 77; Pre-Modern 36; 154-155n, 194n-195n, Pacific Ocean, 268n Pre-Modern African, 69; 246n; cf. Mistress Middle Ages, Medieval, cf. Early Modern, Post- Mouth, From the, Narra- 115; œ and Early Modern Modern, Enlightenment tive Complex, 52; cf. Europe, 115; œ and Ren- Mohenjo-Daro, Bronze Masculinisation aissance, 44, 75; œ and Age archaeological site, , 78; Mo- Early Modern Europe, 6 Indus valley, , zambican-Angolan cor- Miletus, Milesian, Ancient 176 ridor, in Sunda town in Ionia, 173-174 Moisture (meaning of transmission in Africa, Milky Way, 164, 202; cf. Ancient Egyptian 61, 64, 76 Luwe, Kuruvi, Pleiades theonym Tfnt, q.v. ), 130, Mpororo, Ugandan king- Miluzi, river in Nkoya- 160 dom, 102n land, 99 (n(s)), language, Mukuni, Nkoya clan Mining, 267 ethnic group and terri- name, 91-92, 104 Mink, North American tory, 105, 219, 226, 261, Muladhara (Root): Earth,

383 Wim van Binsbergen, Before the Presocratics

117n Model branch of Homo Mulinga, Nkoya clan Na-Den•, North American Sapiens, 188; Neander- name, 104 language cluster, 142, thaloid, 51 Mulombe (Nkoya), Wood 191, 240, 260-261, 266, Neikos, see Strife From Which Royal 191n, 261n Neith / Nt, Ancient Egyp- Drums Are Made, Nagas, 281; cf. Snake tian goddess of the Wa- Nkoya clan name, 104 Nalishuwa, Princess ters, of warfare, and of Mumbwa, town in Central Mary, 13 domestic arts, 133, 138; Zambia, 89n (n(s)), 62, 263 cf. Athena, Nestis Munda-Kolar, branch of Napoleon‘s Book of Fate Nekhbet, N bt, Ancient Austro-Asiatic, 77, 280n (Parker), 116-117 Egyptian vulture god- Munich, German city, NarCom, see Narrative dess, 102; cf. Two La- 184; University, 184 Complex dies, Wadjet Mupumani, Ila prophet, Narmer, Nrmr, Early- Neolithic, 11, 17, 19, 36- Zambia, 98 Dynastic ruler, Egypt, a 38, 46-47, 50, 54-58, 62, Musée National de la famous cosmetic pallette 65, 67, 79-80, 136, 181, Préhistoire, Les Eyzies bears his name, 141, 206, 208-210, 241, 243, de Tayac, France, 14 273, 188n; cf. Menes, 246-248, 253, 100n; Pre- Mushroom, Nkoya clan, cAha Pottery Neolithic B, 92, 104 Narrative Complex, 36, 231n; œ and Bronze Age, Mushroom, widespread 49-50, 80, 179-180, 182, 46, 54, 222, 229, 275; œ African clan name, 126 50n, basis unit of long- to Iron Age, 52; œ Ana- Muskrat, North American range mythological tolia, 183, 246; œ West mythical figure, 147 analysis; cf. Diachronic Asia, 36, 60; œ Sahara, Muslim, see Islam Aggregative Model 247; œ Palestine, 183n; œ Mutondo, Mwene, Nkoya Natufian, Mesolithic Mother goddess, 187; cf. royal title, 88-89; œ archaeological complex Extended Fertile Cres- Kalapukila, 91n; œ Royal in Syro-Palestine, 262n cent Council, 91n Nature, cosmological Neo-Paganism, 117n Mvula, Nkoya: Rain, deity concept, 178 Neoplatonics, school of and clan, 91, 104-105, Naunet, Ancient Egyptian philosophers in Late 164 goddess of primary Antiquity, 86; cf. Mwendanjangula, unilat- waters, 131; cf. Nu Plato** eral mythical being in Navaho Nation Health Nepal(ese), country etc., South Central and Department, New Mex- 41 Southern Africa, 162, ico / Arizona, USA, 14 Nephthys, Ancient Egyp- 206; cf. Luwe, Kaluwe Navaho, language and tian goddess, 130-131, Mwene, see Myene identity in USA, 14, 133, 138, 163 Mwenekahare, see Kahare 143-144, 191, 142n; œ Nestis, aquatic goddess Mwinilunga, location in and Apache, 191 mentioned by Empedo- NW Zambia, 99 Navel, element, 117n cles, identified as Neith, Myene (kings) / Mwene Nazareth, town in Syro- 140-141, 158-161, 164, (king), 87-89, 98, 102, Palestine, see Jesus 160n; Lucid œ , 161; cf. 91n, 101n Ncunguni, Nkoya aquatic- Neith, Water Mythology, 8, 11, 39, 48, serpentine female deity, Netherlands Institute for 135, 36n; Yoruba and 206 Advanced Study in the Oceanic, 133; Mythical Ndembu, language and Humanities and Social Wagtails at two ends of ethnic identity, NW Sciences (NIAS), Was- the Old World, 39; cf. Zambia, 126 senaar, 12-13, 15, 247n Diachronic Aggregative Neanderthal, prehistoric Netherlands, the / Dutch,

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country, language and cf. Osiris ence to eschatological identity, 4, 12, 16, 83, Nilo-Saharan, linguistic notions in Ancient Ger- 160, 175, 185 macrophylum, 199, 257, manic mythology, 153; New Guinea, 51, 63-64, 273, 256n; œ and Niger- cf. Odinn, Ragnarok, etc. 75, 179-180, 234, 55n; œ Congo, 48, 233, 261 Norman, Nordic ethnic and Australia, 55, 180, Nimrod, Biblical figure, group; œ Medieval king- 230 229, 281, 216n; cf. Flood dom on Sicily, 82 New Mexico, USA state, and Tower myths, North Atlantic, i.e. West- 145 Kapesh, Kasyapa ern Europe, USA and New World, the conti- Njonjolo, stream in Canada, 7, 13, 18, 85, nents of N and S Amer- Nkoyaland, 39n 142, 175, 213, 229, 252, ica combined, 97, 235, Nkomba, Nkoya clan, 91- 6n, 10n, 223 261n; cf. pre-Columbian, 92, 104 North Caucasian, linguis- Americas, North Amer- Nkonze, Nkoya clan, 89, tic phylum, 186, 191, ica, South America 91, 104; œ and Mvula, 198-199, 233, 237, 239- , 14; cf. 104 240, 260; cf. Sino- Maori Nkoya, ethnic group and Tibetan, Khoisan Nguni, ethnic and linguis- language, Western Zam- Nostratic, 233, 244, 257- tic cluster in Southern bia, 6, 8, 11-13, 15, 17- 258, 34n, 191n, 256n; œ Africa, 270 18, 31, 73, 86-91, 93-95, Hypothesis, 49; Super-œ, Niaux, France, Upper 97-99, 101-107, 123, 258, 34n; also see Eura- Palaeolithic site, 188 125-126, 129, 135, 164, siatic Niawingi, god in Mpororo 192, 206, 212, 255, 259- Ntabi, Nkoya clan, 91, kingdom, , 102n; 261, 265, 268, 270, 272, 104 cf. Two Ladies 274-275, 277-278, 280- Ntande‘s Bridge, South Niger, river and god in 282, 285, 287-288, 291, Central African evoca- West Africa, see Oya 39n, 91n, 97n, 99n, tion of celestial axis, Niger-Congo / Niger- 101n-102n, 117n, 154n, 202; cf. Kuruvi Kordofan, linguistic 207n, 216n, 238n, 281n; Nü Kwa, Nü Wa, Chinese macrophylum now con- and Madagascar, 129; primal goddess, 222, fined to Africa, 17, 35, and South Central Af- 243, 246n; cf. Fu Xi, 185, 230, 244, 248, 257- rica, 107; and Japan, Noah, Flood 258, 261-262, 273-274, 275; and East Asia, 260; Nu, male member of 34n, 124n, 261n, 263n; œ Nkoyaland, 270, 93n; Ancient Egyptian Og- and Nilo-Saharan, 48, see Mwene / Myene, doad representing pri- 233, 261, 273; œ and Likota mordial waters, 131; cf. Amerind, 262, 274 NKOYCLA, variable in Naunet Nigeria(n(s)), country and cluster analysis, 288 Numidian Persae, ethnic inhabitants, 133n; and Nkwehe, Nkoya clan, 91, group Ancient Mediter- Benin, 82 104 ranean, 233 Niger-Kordofan, see Noah, Nua , Biblical Nun, Nwt, Nut, Ancient Niger-Congo figure, 139, 204, 241, Egyptian sky god, 130, Night, element, 135, 152, 140n; cf. Egypt, Flood, 137, 163 171 Horizon Nyambi, West and South Nihongi , Japanese classic Nobel prize, 166 Central Afican High text, 277 Noé, 70, see Noah God, 39, 164, 39n, 155n; Nile, River, 38, 52, 133, Nommo, Dogon mythical in Christian context, 163; œ Water, 130; œ figure, 125 39n; cf. Neith, Anat, Valley, 52; Delta in the Nordic mythology, 153; œ Athena, etc. Early Bronze Age, 140; Apocalypse, loose refer- Nyambo, Nkoya clan, 91

385 Wim van Binsbergen, Before the Presocratics

Nyan-kupon, Tshi / Twi Ancient Egyptian gods, Oshumare, Nigerian god, sky god, 123 131, 139 124 Nyembo, Nkoya clan, 89- Ogetsu, 100n; see Oshun, Nigerian god, 124- 91, 93, 95-96, 101-102, Ukemochi-na-kami 125 104 Ogre, see Rescue from Osiris, Ancient Egyptian Nyonmo, sky god of the Ogun, Nigerian god of god, 124, 130-131, 133, Ga people, 123 iron, 124, 39n 139, 163, 208, 211, 100n Nyx, Night ( q.v. ), Graeco- Oke, Nigerian god, 124 Osorkon II, Egyptian Roman god, 152 Oko, Nigerian god, 124 Pharaoh, Late Period, Nzambi, West African Old World, the continent 211 High God, 125; cf. Africa, Asia and Europe Ostyak, branch of Uralic, Nyambi combined, 68, 81, 137, 236 Nzovu, Elephant, Nkoya 139, 253, 266, 290 Otter, North American clan, 90-91, 104 Olofin II Olofindji mythical figure, 147 Oannes, mythical aquatic Akandé, Vizir, 14 Ottoman empire, 84; cf. figure situated at origin Olokun, Nigerian god, 124 , Islam of Sumerian civilisation, Olorun, Nigerian god, Out-of-Africa, 48-49, 75, 222-223, 243, 265, 223n 123-124 290; œ Hypothesis, 33, Oba, Nigerian god, 124- Olosa, Nigerian god, 124 52; Pre- œ , 50, 80; œ 125; forms divine four- Olympian Ode (Pindar), Exodus, 33-34, 36, 48, some with Shango, Oya 154n 179, 278, 287, 36n; and Oshun, 125 Olympus, Mt, mythical CITIs ( q.v. ), 75 Obatala, Nigerian primal abode of the Graeco- Ovid** [ Publius Ovidius god, 123-124; and Roman gods, 152 Naso ], 136, 162, 251, Odudua, 133n Omaha, North American 7n, 134n, 136n, 265n; œ Occam, William of, œ ‘s ethnic group, 143 ‘s Flood, 267; œ ‘s Razor. 253 Opici, ethnic group, Metamorphoses , 155 Ocean, see Pacific œ , Ancient Mediterranean, Ox-creatures, man-faced, Indian œ , Atlantic; cf. 233 Empedoclean concept, Susanowo, 153n Oppenheimer**œ 168 Oceania, Oceanian, Tauchmann**œDick- Oxford, location in Eng- continent comprising Read** Hypothesis, 279, land, 89n Pacific islands and Aus- 171n Oya, god of River Niger, tralia, 21, 37, 48, 53, 63, Oppenheimer, Stephen, West Africa, 124-125 75, 80, 133, 161, 170, Sunda Hypothesis, 34, Pacific Ocean, 142, 266- 267, 275, 293, 170n, 53 267, 100n, 267n, 291n; œ 177n; œ and Meso- Opsci, Ancient Mediterra- Mexico, 267 America, 177n; œ and nean ethnic group, 233 Pakistan, country, 191 Australia, 63 Orisha, divine manifesta- Palaeolithic, 9-11, 14, 31, Odinn, Ancient Germanic tion, Yoruba, 124; œ 34-36, 43, 46, 50-51, 79- god, 124n Oko, 124 80, 84, 97, 110, 123, Odudua, Nigerian primal Orpheus, Orphic cult, 138- 129, 163-164, 178-183, goddess, 124, 133n 139, 171, 134n, 170n- 187-191, 193, 195, 200- Odyssey (Homer), 230, 171n; Orphica , 112; cf. 202, 204-206, 209-212, 188n; Odysseus, pro- Eurydice, Aristaeus 253, 255-256, 259-261, tagonist of œ , 188n; cf. Orun, Nigerian god, 124 263-268, 273-274, 276- Homer** Orungan, Nigerian god, 278, 283, 285, 290-292, Oeseburg-Broers, Else, 7, 124 295-296, 42n, 93n, 16 Oshosi, Nigerian god, 124 113n,177n, 183n, 194n- Ogdoad, eight-some of Oshu, Nigerian god, 124 195n, 231n, 240n, 261n;

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Lower œ , 93n; œ art, 140-141, 151, 161, 170- Philistines, Secondary Southern African and 171, 174, 209, 229, 232- (q.v. ), Ancient Mediter- Franco-Cantabrian, 202; 233, 242, 244, 248, 259- ranean ethnic group, 233 Africa, 287; cf. Upper œ 260, 265, 272-275, 277- Philosophical Faculty, Palestine, 183n, 225n; 278, 283, 290, 292, 295, Erasmus University Palestinian Bronze Age, 36n, 151n, 155n, 170n; Rotterdam, 3, 13 230 Secondary ( q.v. ), 37, 47- Phlogiston, hypothetical Pali, South Asian lan- 48, 233; œ Realm, 79; œ fire stuff, 166n; œ Hy- guage, 117n Hypothesis, 36-38, 46, pothesis, 166 Pallas Rhodi, Early 48, 54, 73, 274-275, 277, Phoenicia(n(s)), region, Modern corruption of 285; œ Lower Egypt, language and identity, Ancient Graeco-Roman 137, 140; Primary œ , 37, 71, 75, 151, 267; œ and mythical figure, 155; cf. 47, 233 Graeco-Roman, 58; œ Athena Peleus, father of Achilles, and Aramaeans, 141; cf. Pan, Ancient Graeco- 172, 172n; cf. Thetis Hanno Roman god, 152, 241, Pelias, King, victim of Physica ( Aristotle), 169n 295 Medeia ( q.v. ), 112 Pindal, France, Upper Pandora, 135; œ ‘s Box, People‘s Republic of Palaeolithic site, 188 Anatomically Modern China, 12; cf. China Placita Philosophorum I Humans‘ common cul- Peripheral cluster of (Aetius), 159 tural heritage from Mid- macrophyla, in Upper Plains Native Ameri- dle Palaeolithic Africa, Palaeolithic, 52, 273, can(s), 188; cf. America, 34, 36, 49-50, 55, 67, 75, 191n; œ and Central North America 80, 83, 179-182, 211, luster, 52; cf. *Borean, Plato**, 9, 20, 38, 81, 290, 36n disintegration of 109-110, 156, 160, 165- Papa, Oceanian mytho- Persephone, Ancient 166, 177, 251-252, 255, logical character, 133n; Greek-Roman under- 293, 39n, 166n ; Ti- cf. Rangi world goddess, 161; cf. maeus , 110; and Aris- Papstein, Robert, 14 Proserpina totle**, 252, 255 Papyrus Harris VII , 163 Persia(n(s)), 68, 78, 82, Pleiades, constellation, 39, Paramount Chief, of the 112, 267, 294, 224n; cf. 114, 163-164, 272 Lozi, Western Zambia, Iran(ian(s)), Numidian Political Correctness, 17, 87 Persae 21, 213, 229, 234, 45n, Paris, city in France, 212 Persian Gulf, 58, 60, 62, 279n Parmenides (Reinhardt, 76, 267 Polynesia, easternmost K.), 173; cf. Par- , South American part of Oceania, 266n menides** country, 266n Pontic, see Black Sea Parthians, West Asian Pet, Ancient Egyptian , Portuguese, people and polity in god, 123 country, language, peo- Imperial Roman times, Petit, Gitty, 12 ple, 82 294 Pharus, Pharos, island in Poseidon, Ancient Greek Pecos, see Lower Pecos front of Alexandria, god, 152, 184n, 246n; cf. River Egypt, 138, 172; cf. Athena, Mistress, Peithinos, Ancient Greek Proteus Mother of the Waters vase painter, 172 Pherisites, pre-Israelite œ , Postcolonial Theory, 45; Peking, see Beijing Ancient Mediterranean cf. **Bhabha, **Spivak Pelasgian(s), Pelasgi, 11, ethnic group, 233 Posthomerica (Quintus 17, 20, 37-38, 46-48, 53- Philae, Ancient Egyptian Smyrnaeus), 39n 54, 60, 63, 79-81, 83, location, 124; cf. Ptah Post-Modern, 71, 110, 101, 127, 129, 136-137, Philia, see Love 252; cf. Modern

387 Wim van Binsbergen, Before the Presocratics

Potiphar, Biblical figure, posed to be partly from 153 134 West Asia, 198-199; cf. Rain, 145, 50n; Nkoya pre-Columbian New Bantu-speaking god, 104-105, 164, World, 266, 273 Proto-elements, Fire, 198- 154n; Japanese god pre-Euscarian, see Basque 199; Earth, 198; Air, 198 Susanowo, 153n; and Présence Africaine , 45n Proto-Human, postulated Drought, 154n; cf. Wa- Presocratic(s), 1, 3, 5, 8-9, earliest language form of ter, Mvula 11, 15, 18, 21, 31, 38, humans, 51 Rainbow, 145; œ Snake, 41, 81, 85-86, 106, 109, Ptah, Pt , Ancient Egyp- 50, 181 111-112, 115, 141, 148- tian god, 124, 136, 141, Range Semantics, 10, 192, 149, 157, 167, 171, 173- 153n; cf. Hephaestus 205, 208, 211-212, 259; 174, 178, 212-213, 234, Pueblo, see Regressive- cf. Triadic Revolution, 250-251, 253, 255, 292- Pueblo Recursion, Binary 296, 149n, 168n, 171n; Punktierkunst , adulterated Ranger, Terence O., 13 in Western Eurasia, 149; geomancy in Modern Rangi, Oceanian primal œ reception in Late An- Europe, 82 god, 133n; cf. Papa tiquity, 251; in Ionia and Pygmy, African ethnic Ranier, Mt, 146 Graecia Magna, 290; groups of diminutive Rasenna, Ancient Medi- and Orpheus, 171n; and size, 37, 151, 274 terranean ethnic group, East Asian correlative Pyreneans, mountain 233 systems, 213; cf. Asia range separating France R• c, R c, Re-Atum, Ancient (South and West, Empe- from Spain, 189 Egyptian primal (sun) docles, Heraclitus, Par- Pythagoraeans, Neo- god, 130 menides, Thales, etc. Pythagorean movement, Reconnection of Heaven Primal Matter, 294 81, 168n; œ and Talmud, and Earth, 50, 52 Primal Waters, and the 81; see Pythagoras** Recursion, mode of Flood, primal Narrative Qadesh, qdł, Asian god in thought based on self- Complex, 50-51, 212, Ancient Egypt, 140 referential repetition, 246n; œ and the Flood, Qarmatians, Shi‘ites of 192, 206-212, 293; cf. Narrative Complex, 50- eastern Arabia, 110 Triadic Revolution, 51; œ and Heaven, 140n; Qi, Chinese ”element‘, Range Semantics, Bi- Primal Waters Above, comparable to Air, 118n nary 140n; cf. Mother of œ , Queen Bee, 101n Red Sea, 58, 60, 76, 267; ,Flood Queen of Sciences, and the Persian Gulf, 78 Prometheus, Graeco- obsolete epithet of as- Reed, 99, 101, 137, 275, Roman mythical figure, trology, 86 102n; œ Person, 101; œ 153n Queen Victoria of Eng- and the Bee, 101, 275; Proserpina, Graeco- land, 110n cf. Katete, nsw-bÛGt Roman underworld Queen, Souvereign, 137; Regressive Pueblo, ar- goddess, 161; cf. Per- see Cyrene chaeological period, N sephone Quest: An African Journal America, 145 Proteus, Graeco-Roman of Philosophy / Revue Remouchamps , aquatic god, as evoca- Africaine de Philoso- Belgium, 183, 276 tion of cyclical trans- phie , 1, 3, 41 Renaissance, intellectual formation, 138, 172 Quintessence, element, and artistic movement in Proto-, prefix referring to 117 Europe, middle 2 nd mill. reconstructed early Rabbinical, 162; cf. CE, 4, 44, 75, 82 forms of a language or Judaism Republic, the (Plato), 166n language cluster Ragnarok, Nordic eschato- Rescue from the Ogre, Proto-African(s), pro- logical representation, primal Narrative Com-

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plex, 50-51 180n, 248, 6n; Pax Ro- San, ethnic group and Reshef, Asiatic god in mana , state of order in language, Southern Ancient Egypt, 140-141 Roman empire, 294; cf . Africa, 198, 203 Rest (Hebrew), proposed Latin; Imperial, 248; cf . Sand Calligraphy, 6; see meaning of name Noah, Greece cilm al-raml 140n Root, element, 117n; cf. Sand Line, 6; see cilm al- Rethinking Africa‘s Earth raml Transcontinental Conti- Rotterdam, city in the Sand Science, 6; see cilm nuities in Pre- and Pro- Netherlands, 3, 7, 13 al-raml tohistory, Leiden Rourou, Sino-Tibetan Sandawe, Khoisanoid conference, 2012, 12, language, 238 ethnic group and lan- 46, 225n Royal Asiatic Society, 216 guage, East Africa, 230, RH*cde, genetic marker, Royal Drums, of the Sanskrit, 12, 280n; San- 142 Nkoya, 104 skritist, 7 Rhaetians, Ancient Medi- Royal Person Wind, see Sardinia, Mediterranean terranean ethnic group, Lipepo, 101n island, 240 233 Royal Travelling Thing, Saturn, Roman god Rhea, Ancient Greek Nkoya mythical figure, (Greek Kronos), 152; primal goddess, 152 99-101 planet, and moons, 223n Rhodesia, obsolete name Ruler of Lower Egypt, Saturnalia (Macrobius), for Zimbabwe, and ear- [nswt- ] bÛGt , 137; cf. She 172n lier for the Federation of of the Reed and the Bee Scamander, River and Rhodesia ( = Northern (n), œ Turkestan, god, 153, 172, 251 Rhodesia, now Zambia 249, Tsarist, 226n Scandinavia(n(s)), Euro- (q.v. ), and Southern Rutenu, Ancient Mediter- pean Nordic ountries Rhodesia, now Zim- ranean ethnic group, (Denmark, , babwe ( q.v. )) and 233; cf. Sicanians Finland, Sweden) and Nyasaland, now Malawi Rylands Lecture, 249 their inhabitants, 234 (q.v. )), 87, 269 Sabaeans, Ancient ethnic Schinziophyton rautanenii Rhodi [ sic ], Pallas group and kingdom, (mungongo nut), 66 Athena, who according Yemen, 110 Schrift-Oiratisch [ Written to Suidas (s.v. ”Hippeia Sacred Outsider, 257; cf. Oiratic ] of Western Athena‘) was a daughter Exalted Insider China, 216n of Poseidon and Poly- Sahara, 37-38, 52, 56, 58, Scythian(s), language and phe, the latter a nymph 62-64, 74, 78, 80, 247, ethnic group, 112, 115, from the isle of Rhodes, 253, 275, 264n; to 272n; œ and Thracians, 155; cf. Pallas, Athena China, extent of Ex- 115; œ and Mongolian, Rishi, Hindu sage, 281 tended Fertile Crescent, 277; œ -Korean- RNA, genetically essential q.v., 62 Japanese, 291; and protein, 178 Sahasrara (Crown): Nkoya, 277, 281n; cf. Roma, ethnic group and Thought / Space, ele- Celts language, 230; cf. Sinti, ment, 117n Sea Peoples, ethnic and Gypsies Saïs, Delta town in An- military movement in Romantic(ism), Early cient Egypt, 101n; cf. the Mediterranean Late Modern intellectual Neith Bronze Age, 230n movement in Europe, Salishan, North American Secondary, quality attrib- 149 language, 146; cf. Skagit uted by Karst in the Rome, Roman(s), Ancient Samson, Biblical figure, context of Ancient city and empire, 70, 116, 134-135 Mediterranean ethnicity, 129, 136, 161, 294, I Samuel , Bible book, 151 when a pre-existing

389 Wim van Binsbergen, Before the Presocratics

ethnonym has been 125; œ and Odinn, 124n 131, 137, 141 projected onto a new, Shankpanna, Yoruba god, Shungu, Nkoya clan, 89, unrelated group replac- 124 91, 104; and Kale, 88 ing the former; cf. Philis- Shasta, North American Sia, North American tines, Pelasgians, ethnic group, 146, 287 ethnic group and lan- Leleges, Ibero-Ligurians She of the Reed and the guage, 142 Sedge, see reed Bee, nswt-bit , Ancient Siberia(n), Asian region, Selket, srqt, Ancient Egyptian royal title, 101, 114, 272n Egyptian goddess, 133 275 Sicani, Sicanians, Ancient Semang, SE Asian ethnic Shensi Province, China, Mediterranean ethnic group, 230 249 group, 233 Semitic, language phylum, Sheta, Nkoya clan, 89-90, Sicily, Sicilian, 82, 113, 152, 198, 237, 264, 151n 96-100, 103-105, 282 161; where Earth hid her Semitology, Semitist, 14, Shigeru Araki, 12, 14 child Aristaeus (2), 136 20, 71n; cf. Broers, P., Shihoka Nalinanga, Sigiriya, Sri Lankan rock Wiggermann**, legendary Nkoya royal fortress, 281; cf. Gordon** figure, 102, 135, 154n Kasyapa Senegal, country, 14; cf. Shihondo, Nkoya clan, 90- Sikidy, Malagasy divina- Casamance 91, 93, 95-97, 100, 103- tion system, 209; cf. Separation of Heaven and 104 geomancy Earth, 36, 50, 143, 182, Shikanda, Nkoya royal Silenus, alien rustic 194, 212-213, 253; cf. name, 280; cf. Skanda mythical figure in Cosmogonic Hypothesis Shikombwe Royal Estab- Graeco-Roman imagina- Separation of Water and lishment, one of the tion, 295 Land, 36, 50, 143, 182, Nkoya royal capitals, Silk Road, 37, 81, 282n 194, 212, 153n; cf. Cos- 91n Silver, one of the four mogonic Hypothesis Shikumba, Shikumbawu- Ages of Man, 177; cf. Separation, as Strife yuvu, Nkoya clan, 91, Gold, Bronze, Iron (Empedocles), 169 96, 98-99, 100, 103, 105 Simon Professorship, Sepik, region and culture, Shilombe, Nkoya clan, 91- social anthropology, New Guinea, 55n 92, 104 Manchester, 89n Serpent, see Snake Shimunziko, Nkoya clan, Sindh, South West Asian Seth, Swt , Ancient 91-92, 95-96, 104; and region, 280n Egyptian god, 130-131, Wishe, 96 Sinhalese, Sri Lankan 163, 100n, 134n; and Shinto, Japanese religion, language, branch of Osiris, 133; and Horus, 11 Indo-Iranian, 230, 281 133; cf. Isis Shiva, South Asian god, Sinim, Ancient Mediterra- Seven Chakras philoso- 264, 67n nean / Biblical eth- phy, 117n Shiyowe, Dennis Ka- nonym, 227n; cf. Shabaka Stone, Late wangu, 6, 13 Chinese? Ancient Egyptian docu- Shona, Zimbabwean Sino-Caucasian, linguistic ment containing Old ethnic group and lan- macrophylum, 142, 186, Kingdom cosmology, guage, 6, 270 191, 198-199, 227, 233, 130n Ło  al-Jerxd, salt lake, 237, 239-240, 244-245, Shamba, 17 th -c. CE King Tunisia, 246n; cf. Laco 260-262, 266, 191n, of the Bushong Kuba, Tritonis, Athena 219n, 240n, 262n; œ, 61-62 Shu / Łw, Ancient Egyp- Proto- œ , 186, 191, 197- Shang, Chinese dynasty, tian god of Aair, 130- 199, 245, 257;œ and 244, 291 131, 137, 141, 160, 195, Afro-Asiatic, 247; œ and Shango, Yoruba god, 124- 97n, 101n; and Tefnut, Eurasiatic, 240n; cf.

390 Quest: An African Journal of Philosophy / Revue Africaine de Philosophie , 24 (2010), 1-2: 1-398

Den•-Sino-Caucasian, Skanda, Indian war god, 233, 227n Sino-Tibetan, Basque, 39, 280, 39n; also term Sparkler, Nkoya clan, 93, Burushaski for element, 280; cf. 95-97; or Tinderbox, Sinology, Sinologist, 45, Shikanda 104 69, 151-152, 213, 216, Skirnir, Ancient Germanic Spear Hunter, Nkoya clan, 220, 226, 241, 249, god, 154 104 226n, 228n, 241n; cf. Sky, 104, 117-118, 123- Spear, Nkoya clan, 88, Walters, Bernal, Cha- 124, 130, 133, 143, 160, 104 vannes, Carus; œ and 163, 182, 194, 212, 246, Sphere, Empedoclean Assyriology, 218 258, 101n, 188n; Sky- concept, 168-170 Sinosphere, 218, 221n People, 143; cf. Air, Spider, Narrative Com- Sino-Tibetan, branch of Heaven, Horus, Neith, plex, 50, 181; cf. Sino-Caucasian, 69, 186, Nephthys, Nut, Nyambi, Nyambi, Neith, Athena, 191, 199, 226-227, 236- Waters Above, Mother Feminine Arts 237, 239-240, 244-245, of the Waters, Helios, Spring, item in apparent 257-258, 260, 216n, Sun, Nü Wa, Olorun, four-element system, 226n, 238n-240n; Proto- Smoke, Nkoya clan, 92- 172n œ , 199; œ and Indo- 93, 95-96, 104 Sri Lanka, country and European, 240n; œ and Snake, 50, 102, 147, 172, island, 14, 63, 77, 277, Afroasiatic, 266; cf. 181, 154n; Snake, Child 281, 280n Sino-Caucasian or Parent of Drought, see Sri, see Dewi Sri Sino-Vietnamese, Sino- Shihoka Nalinanga, St Lawrence River, 142 Tibetan language; Regu- 154n; cf. ”Fire, Water, Steppe, 37, 222, 240-241, lar œ , 238; œ and Middle Lion and Snake‘, Tso- 243, 246, 252, 275, 277, Chinese, 238 dilo 279, 37n, 153n, 219n, Sinties, Sinti, Ancient Snuffbox, Nkoya clan 240n Mediterranean metal- name, 104 Steppe-hunter, 274 working ethnic group, Socrates**, Ancient Greek Stoics**, school of An- 230, 295; cf. Hephaes- philosopher, largely a cient Greek and Roman tus, Roma, Gypsies literary character created philosophy, 96, 173, Siouan, North American by Plato, 20, 112, 149 165n language, 143, 143n Sogdiana, Central Asian Stolen Legacy: the Greeks Sirens, Graeco-Roman region, 243 Were Not the Authors of aquatic mythical figures, Sol, 155, see Sun; œ with Greek Philosophy, But 190n Venus, 155; cf. Helios the People of North Sirius, composite star, Song, Chinese dynasty, Africa, Commonly 223n; cf. Dogon, Tem- 246 Called the Egyptians ple** Sotho-Tswana, language (James), 16 Sister, possible entry in cluster, 35; Sotho, 270; Stone Age, see Palaeo- correlative system, 101, Sotho-speaking Kololo, lithic 154n; cf. Elder Sister 270 Stone, element, 157; Sixteen Cowries , West Sound, element, 117-118, Stones, The / Meteorites African divination sys- 117n as Connection between tem and scholarly study South Dakota, USA state, Heaven and Earth, pri- of that title (Bascom, 264 mal Narrative Complex, W.), 126 Sovereign Queen, mean- 181 Skagit, North American ing of ”Cyrene‘, 137 Stonehenge, archaeologi- language and ethnic Space, element, 118, 117n cal site, England, 113n group, 146, 251, 259, Spain, Spanish, country Storm, 153n; cf. 287 and inhabitants, 82, 183, Susanowo, Wind(s), Air,

391 Wim van Binsbergen, Before the Presocratics

Water, Rain 249 285, 287, 106n, 116n, Story of the Two Brothers , Supreme God, see God 241n, 282n; and Lama- 134 Surt, Ancient Nordic ist, 12; and Presocratics, Strassbourg, town in mythical figure, Fire 106; and Nkoya, 212; cf. France, 158 Giant, 154 Lao Tze Strife, Empedoclean Susanowo, Japanese Tarim Valley, Central central concept, 157- Storm and Ocean god, Asia, 240, 249 158, 168-169 153n; cf. Storm Tartarus, 154 Study Group on Ancient Svadhisthana (Sacral): Tassili n‘Ajjer, Saharan Mesopotamian Religion Water, 117n rock art site, 37 and Magic, Netherlands Swahili, language and TAwy, the Two Lands, Institute for Advanced ethnic identity, East 186; cf. Upper and Study in the Humanities Africa, 52 Lower Egypt and Social Sciences, Swt , see Seth Tears of the Archangel Wassenaar, 1994-1995, Synthesis, see Triadic Michael (and other di- 12-13, 247n Dialectics; cf. Hegel, vine tears), 162; cf. Subartu, kingdom, An- Kant, Chalybaeus Water, Rain cient Near East, 176 Syro-Palestine, Syria, Telchines, Ancient Medi- Su cudi, Mu ammad, 5 Syriac (language and terranean ethnonym, 233 Sudan, country and script), 41, 134, 141, Teleges, Ancient Mediter- region, 53, 90 224n, 262n; and North ranean ethnonym, 233 Suijkerbuijk, Ineke, 12 Africa, 248 Texas Archaeological Sumer, Sumerian, lan- T‘oung Pao , Orientalist Research Library, 145 guage and civilisation in journal, 219 Texas, USA state, 143 Ancient Near East, 77, Ta Seti, Afrocentrist Tfnt, Tefnut, Ancient 152, 231, 242-243, Internet discussion Egyptian goddess, 130, 223n; œ and Elamite, group, 70 131, 137, 139, 141, 145, 249; œ and Babylonian, Taa, branch of Khoisan, 160; cf. Moisture 117n; and Austric, 77; 186 , 14, 218; Tai, cf. Mesopotamia Tabula Bianchini, Ancient Thai, South East Asian Summer, 172n; cf. Spring Roman divinatory de- language and identity, Sun, 17, 36, 113, 124, vice, 151 199 135, 137-138, 146, 155, Taino, ethnic group in Thammuz, see Dumuzi 171, 182, 272, 172n, Jamaica, 162 Theaetetus (Plato), 166n 188n, 272n-273n; œ and Taiwan, island and coun- Theogonia (Hesiod), 131, Moon, 138; cf. Helios, try, 217 135, 153, 134n, 154n Sol, Borvon, Apollo, Takobah, Mt, 146 Theoi (Atsma), 154n Orun, Light, Life, Night, Talmud , wisdom compila- There and Back Again Fire, R• c, Apollo, tion of Judaism, q.v. , 81 (Bilbo Baggins / Sunda, Sunda Hypothesis Tamil Nadu, state in India, Tolkien), 16 (postulated cultural flow 14, 63 Thesis, see Triadic Dialec- from SE Asia to Western Tamil, South Asian ethnic tics Eurasia; Oppen- group and language, Thetis, Ancient Graeco- heimer** , q.v.) 13-14, 243, 280n Roman goddess, 172; cf. 34-35, 53-54, 58, 60-64, Tao , central concept of Achilles, Peleus 73-79, 81, 88, 129, 36n, Taoism, 242 Thinite, i.e. Egyptian 170n-171n; General œ Taoism, Taoist, 7-9, 12, Early Dynastic, 137, 140 Hypothesis, 35; Special 31, 68, 106-107, 119- Third Annual Meeting of œ Hypothesis, 35 121, 150, 156, 209, 235, the International Asso- Sung, Chinese dynasty, 247, 260, 263, 268, 282, ciation for Comparative

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Mythology, 11 Totela, ethnic group country, 5, 264, 246n Third Eye, element, 117n Western Zambia, 269, Turan(ic), obsolete desig- Third Reich, 272 nation for C Asia, 227, under Hitler‘s Nazional- Totem und Tabu (Freud), 240, 219n sozialismus, 295 91 Turba Philosophorum , Thoden van Velzen, Touareg, Saharan ethnic 111, 159 Bonno, 15 group and language, 70- Turkestan, C Asian T-hom (Hebr.), ”abyss‘, 71 region, 249 164; cf. Abyss Touoyem, Pascal, 13 Turkey, country, 292 Thought, 7-Shakra ele- Tower of Babel , etymo- Turkic, language cluster, ment, 117n logical database, 239; cf. 277, 216n Thracia(n(s)), region, Starostin & Starostin** Turners, Nkoya clan language and ethnic Tower, 58, 72-73, 281, name, see Sheta, group N of Greece, 115; 216n; cf. Flood and Tursac, location of l‘Abri œ and Persian Magi, 112 Tower myths du Facteur, France, 189 Throat, 7-Shakra element, Trachiniai (Sophocles), Tuscany, region, Italy, 117n 134n 248 Thummim, see ‘Urim and Transformation Hypothe- Tut- cankh-Amon, New Thummim sis (Arrhenius), 167 Kingdom Pharaoh, 132, Tiamat, Ancient Mesopo- Transformation, 49, 52, 141, 273 tamian primal being, 167 Tuvan, Central Asian 164; cf. Neith, Levia- Transvaal, 279 language, 216n than, etc. Triadic Dialectics, Thesis Twi, ethnic and linguistic Tibet, Tibetan, language, œ Antithesis œ Synthesis cluster, Ghana, 123 country, and identity, 81, (Chalybaeus; Hegel; Twins, primal Narrative 116, 118, 238-239, 242, Kant), 209 Complex, 50, 52, 100; œ 245, 264, 264n Triadic Revolution, 208- Sister, 101; Paradisiacal Timaeus (Plato) 110, 166 210, 295-296 œ , 100 Timaios , see Timaeus Triton, sea god, 267 Two Children, see Twins Time, element, 171, 117n Troy, Ancient city in the Two Ladies, the, Ancient Timor, Indonesian island, Aegean region, 153 Egyptian royal title, 102, 180 Tshis, see Twi 138; cf. Nekhbet, Wadjit Tinderbox, Nkoya clan, Hills, 201 Two Lands, Upper and 93, 95-96, 104 TSWACLA, variable in Lower Egypt, 140; Uni- Titans, Greek mythical cluster analysis, 288 fication of the œ , q.v. ; figures, 115, 100n, 273n Tswana, Southern African see Egypt, T Awy Tlingit, ethnic group and language and identity, 6, Tyrrhenia, Central Italy, language in British Co- 288, 192n; cf. Botswana 248; Tyrrheno-Tuscans, lumbia and Alaska, 191, Tubal, Biblical figure and ethnic group associated 207, 271-272 associated ethnico- with œ , 233 Tocharian, A and B, 239- professional cluster, 233 Uganda, 102n, 265n; 240, 226n; and Khotan, Tuc d‘Audoubert, ar- Queens, 265n 69 chaeological site, Ukemochi-na-kami, Togo, West African France, 187 Japanese vegetation country, 124, 265, 287 Tumbwa, Nkoya clan goddess, 100n Toka, ethnic group South- name, 91, 104 Umashi-ashi-kabi-hiko-ji- western Zambia, 269, Tungus-Manchu, Central no-kami, Japanese reed 272 Asian language, 245, goddess, 277 Tokyo, Japanse city, 11, 216n Unawatuna, location, Sri 14 Tunisia(n), North African Lanka, 14

393 Wim van Binsbergen, Before the Presocratics

Underworld, 164, 187, 152, 241 / Sound, 117n 259, 97n, 184n; cf. Ha- Urology Department, Visions (Zosimos), 115 des Leiden University Medi- Vita Apollonii (Philostra- Unification of the Two cal Centre, 16 tus), 154n Lands (Ancient Egypt), USA, see of Vogelherd, Upper Palaeo- 139-140, 186 America lithic site, Germany, 187 , see Uto, see Wadjit / W Adt Void, element, 118 British Van Binsbergen, Hannah, Völkerkunde von Afrika United States of America, 12, 16 (Baumann, Westermann USA, 8, 12, 14, 82, 143, Van Binsbergen, Nezjma, & Thurnwald), 274 145-147, 264; cf. Ameri- 12, 16 Vulcan, 155, 153n; cf. cas, North America Van Binsbergen, Sarah Hephaestus, Black Vul- University College Lon- and Dennis, 16 can don, 216 Van Binsbergen, Vincent, Vulture, Nkoya clan, 104 Untersuchungen Zu 16 Vulva, widespread Afri- Heraklit (Gigon, O), 173 Van Binsbergen- can clan name, 126 Untouchables, South Saegerman, Patricia, 12, Wadjit / W Adt, Ancient Asian ethnico-social 16 Egyptian goddess, royal category, 243; cf. Dallit van der Geest, Sjaak, 13 protectrix, 102, 138 UNZA, see University of Van der Mede, Peter, 12 Ward Minimum Variance Zambia Van Rijn, Henny, 12 Method of cluster analy- Up, see Down Van Winden, Marieke, 12 sis, 288 Upper Palaeolithic, 9-11, Vapour, 137; cf. Water, Warwick, town in United 14, 34, 43, 51, 79-80, 97, Fire Kingdom, 83 110, 123, 129, 178-180, Vedas, Vedic, 177, 281- Washington, USA state, 182-183, 187-190, 193, 282, 37n; pre-Vedic, 281 146 195, 204-206, 209-212, Vedda, ethnic group and Wassenaar, town in the 253, 255-256, 259-260, language, Sri Lanka, 230 Netherlands, 12, 247n 263-268, 273-274, 276- Venda, ethnic group in Waters, element, 36, 51, 278, 283, 287, 290-292, Southern Africa, 64, 74- 99, 104, 116-121, 124- 42n, 177n, 194-195n, 75, 81, 279; and West 125, 128, 130-133, 137- 240n, 261n; Upper to African divining appara- 138, 143, 145-147, 149, Middle Palaeolithic, 46; tus, 75 153-155, 157-159, 164- œ Eurasia, 191, 256, 261; Venus, 155, cf. Aphrodite; 166, 171-172, 182, 187, œ West to Central Asia, œ of Laussel, 189 189, 192-199, 208, 212, 256; œ Europe, 188, 274; Victoria, Queen, of 234, 236, 251, 258, 263, and Bronze Age, 129, England, 110n 101n, 116n-117n, 128n, 164; œ Mother Goddess, Vietnamese, language, 140n, 146n, 153n-155n, 189; œ *Borean- culture and country, 238, 160n, 184n, 194n-195n, speaking, 204 246n; œ Flood myth, 246n, 261n; œ Below, Uralic, linguistic phylum, 246n 164, 101n; œ Above, 37, 48, 141, 233, 236, Vinaya Pitaka , 281n 164, 182, 101n; œ Above 273, 153n, 219nœ - and Virgin Mother and her and Below, 137, 184n; Altaic-speaking, 42n only Child, basic Narra- Wood Fire Metal Earth Uranus, 133n; and Gaia, tive Complex, 52, 154n and œ , 120-121; œ and 133n Virgin of the World , 141, Fire, 193, 128n; œand ‘Urim and Thummin, 110n Earth, 171, 182; Water priestly cleromantic Vishnu, South Asian to Air, 137; cf. Primal divination device of primal god, 281 Waters, Fire-Water- Ancient Israel, 14, 150- Vishuddhi (Throat): Ether Lion-Snake

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Wei Cuiping, 12 104, 118-121, 124, 137, wife, 135 Wene, ”Kingship‘ 139, 146-147, 181, 212, Yemaja, Nigerian mytho- (Nkoya), 88 263, 92n-93n, 146n, logical character, 124 Wertheim, Wim, 12 153n, 168n; of the Yemen, Southern part of West-East, pendulum- Shilombe tree (Nkoya), Arabian peninsula, 110 swing movement across 92; œ and Metal, 263 Yenisseian, North Asian Eurasia, 241, 243, 250, Working Hypothesis, of language and identity, 252 this book (notably: the 191, 237, 239, 245 Western Grassfields, transformative cycle of Yì J2ng , Book or Classic of region in Cameroon with elements goes back to Changes , Ancient Chi- many apparent traces of Upper Palaeolithic), 9- nese wisdom text, 7, 9, Sunda influence, 62, 78 10, 106, 110, 171, 174, 11, 31, 67-69, 74, 110, Western Philosophy, 18, 178, 251, 253, 255-256, 121-122, 164, 209, 215- 86 259, 275, 290; cf. Alter- 217, 219-221, 225-226, White Bear, mythical native Working Hy- 228-229, 231-232, 234- figure, Menomini peo- pothesis 235, 238, 241, 247, 250, ple, North America, 147 World Culture, 45 274, 291, 67n, 221n, White Gods, cosmogonic, World Egg, see Cosmic 223n-224n, 226n, 282n; 241 Egg œ and West Asia, 215- White Horse, shape World System, 32, 84-85, 254 adopted by Chinese 228-229, 278 Yin / Yang, Chinese mythical figure Gun WOTRO [ fundamental duality, (q.v. ), 246n Wetenschappelijk 274, 223n-224n White Sea, 280n Onderzoek in de Tropen Yoruba, ethnic group and White Spirit, Chihamba ], Tropical wing of language, Nigeria, 123- (NW Zambia), 99 NWO, the Netherlands 125, 133, 277, 287, 39n White, epithet of Zeus Research Foundation, 15 Younger Brother, see (q.v. ) as Fire, 158 Woudhuizen, Fred, 13; cf. Elder Sister Whites, ethnic group van Binsbergen & Yu, Da (”Great‘) Yu, somatically marked by Woudhuizen** Chinese mythical char- low pigmentation, 229 Wounded Knee, mythical acter, 246n Wide Justice, Eurydice designation in SW Af- Yuvwenu, Mwene, Nkoya (q.v. ), 137 rica, perhaps with paral- sub-ruler, 89 Wiesbaden, German city, lel in North America, Za, see Zia 225n 263-264 Zambezi River, 64, 87, Wilito Wilson, Navaho Ws ୻r, see Osiris 102n; œ Flood Plain, 87, ritual painter, 143 102n; Upper œ , 270 Wu Xing, ”Five Phases‘, Wind, element, 117-118, Zambia National Ar- Chinese elements, 118, 101n, 116n-117n chives, 89n 287 Winds, Lands, Waters and Zambia(n(s)), country and Xia, Chinese dynastry, Fires, foursome constitu- inhabitants, 5-6, 13-14, 244 tive of Malagasy cos- 39, 86-87, 89, 93-94, Xiamen, branch of Sino- mology, 128n 123, 269-270, 39n, 89n, Tibetan, 238 Winter, 58, 172n; cf. 100n; œ Nkoya, 125, Yang, paired cosmological Spring 265; œ ‘s Western Prov- concept, 274, 223n- Wisconsin-Michigan ince, 270; cf. Nkoya, 224n; cf. Yin border, USA, 147 Barotse, Lozi, Ila, Yao, ethnic group and Wishe, Nkoya clan, 91-93, Bemba language, North Viet- 95-96, 104 Zanata, North African nam, 246n Wood, element, 92, 103- ethnic group, 78; cf. al- Yasodhara, Gautama‘s

395 Wim van Binsbergen, Before the Presocratics

Zanwtx** Zarathustra**, Zoro- aster**, Ancient Iranian religious innovator, 41, 234, 241n Zen, variety of Buddhism (q.v. ), 12 Zeus, Jupiter, Graeco- Roman primal god, 135, 152, 154-155, 158-160, 170, 113n, 160n, 172n; œ and Hera, as Shu and Tefnut, 141 Zhou, Later, Chinese dynasty, 238 Zhu, branch of Khoisan, 186 Zia, ”Four‘, cosmological foursome, Lower Congo, 125 Zimbabwe, Zimbabwean, 64, 202-203, 276, 279, 89n; œ Christian, 69n Zoogony, Counter-world œ , 168 Zoroastrianism, see Zarathustra Zulu, ethnic group and language in South Af- rica, 127-128, 277, 287; cf. Nguni Zunbul, cAli, Medieval Islamic geomancer, 115 Zuñi / Zuni, ethnic group and language, North America, 142, 287; cf. Navaho, Hopi

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Editor: WIM VAN BINSBERGEN (African Studies Centre. Leiden / Erasmus University Rotterdam) Editorial Team: SANYA OSHA (University of ); KIRSTEN SEIFIKAR (Erasmus University Rotterdam); WIM VAN BINSBERGEN Advisory Editorial Board: PAULIN HOUNTONDJI (University of Cotonou, Benin): KWASI WIREDU (University of Ghana, Legon / University of South Florida, USA); LANSANA KEITA (Fourah Bay College, Sierra Leone / University of Arizona, USA): PIETER BOELE VAN HENSBROEK (University of Groningen. the Netherlands); VALENTIN Y. MUDIMBE (Duke University, North Carolina, USA) QUEST: An African Journal of Philosophy seeks to act as a channel of expression for thinkers in Africa, and to stimulate philosophical discussion on problems that arise out of the radical transformations attending Africa and Africans. QUEST includes materials both on current subjects relating to Africa, and on subjects of general philosophical interest. QUEST serves an interna- tional public of professional philosophers, as well philosophically-interested intellectuals in other disciplines. Subject to peer review, original articles written in either English or French are eligible for publication. QUEST (ISSN 1011-226X) appears in principle twice a year, in June and December; however, both issues tend to be combined into one volume. Directions for contributors (the numbered items constitute a checklist): Preferably, articles do not exceed 40.000 chars, in length. When submitting a contribution, the author‘s name and e-mail address must be included in the heading. Any submission should be accompanied by an abstract in both (1) English and (2) French, max. 1,000 chars, each; and by max. 8 key words both in (3) English) and in (4) French. Manuscripts should contain minimum formatting but italics (no bold , no underline ) are allowed, and footnotes should be of the standard MSWord hyperlinked type. Manuscripts should follow the journal‘s citation format (consult a recent issue). Include full author details also for co- authors, as well as place, publisher, year of edition used (identify original title when using a transla- tion), and sub-title of publications cited; give first and last pages of articles cited; however, in your bibliography, do not specify the number of pages when listing entire books; refer to specific pages rather than to entire publications; end all bibliographical items and all footnotes on a period; no period after headings; of proper names, only capitalise the first letter; if a footnote mark occurs near punctua- tion, a bracket, etc. it should always come last; always insert one single space in order to separate words, numbers, etc.. even if they are already separated by punctuation, footnote mark, bracket, etc. Contribu- tors are to present themselves in (5) a short bio-bibliographical note. max. 1,000 chars., in the article‘s language. Moreover, contributors are to provide (6) their full postal address (just to send the author‘s copies to), and to cite (7) an e-mail address that can be printed with the article in case of acceptance. Manuscripts (8) are to be submitted in electronic form i.e. MSWord recent version: preferably by e- mail (see below) but if online facilities are totally lacking locally, a Windows CD-ROM or USB-stick may be sent (3.5" discs being obsolete). Regrettably, submissions not complying with these directions cannot be considered. Authors retain the copyright to their contribution, but submission automatically implies that, in case of acceptance, the author tacitly cedes to QUEST such use rights as enable QUEST to publish the contribution both in hard copy and online. Authors receive two hard copies of the volume in which their contribution appears. Subscriptions (printed version only): Euro ⁄ 35 (institutions). Euro ⁄ 25 (individuals): Africa: Euro ⁄ 20 (institutions). Euro ⁄ 15 (individuals). Payment exclusively in Euro (⁄). either in cash or by remittance to the QUEST bank account (please request details by e-mail). No credit cards or cheques accepted. QUEST is online at: http://quest-journal.net. Here current and back volumes may be consulted free of charge, and detailed information is offered (including electronic reply forms) concerning subscriptions (to the printed version only), ordering of back copies, submission of manuscripts, reprint permissions, QUEST -related activities, etc. You may contact QUEST by e-mail at; [email protected] (note the underscore: _ ; the web address has an hyphen: -); you may also reach the editor at: [email protected] QUEST ‘S ordinary postal address is: QUEST : An African Review of Philosophy c / o Prof. Wim van Binsbergen African Studies Centre, P.O. Box 9555, 2300 RB Leiden, the Netherlands fax 00-31-71-5273344.

397 Quest: An African Journal of Philosophy / Revue Africaine de Philosophie , 24 (2010), 1-2: 1-398

Éditeur : WIM VAN BINSBERGEN (Centre d‘Études Africaines. Leyde / Université Erasme, Rotterdam) Équipe éditorial : SANYA OSHA (Université de l‘Afrique du Sud) ; KIRSTEN SEIFIKAR (Université Érasme Rotterdam) ; WIM VAN BINSBERGEN Conseil éditorial : PAULIN HOUNTONDJI (Université de Cotonou. Bénin) ; KWASI WIREDU (Université du Ghana. Légon / Université de South Florida. É.U.) ; LANSANA KEITA (Fourah Bay Collège, Sierra Leone / Université d‘ Arizona. É.U.) ; PIETER BOELE VAN HENSBROEK (Université de Groningen. Pays-Bas); VALENTIN Y. MUDIMB e (Université Duke. North Carolina, É.U.) QUEST : Revue Africaine de Philosophie sert de moyen d‘expression pour les penseurs en Afrique, et vise à stimuler les discussions philosophiques sur les problèmes surgissant des transformations radicales des mondes africains. QUEST présente des points de discussion actuels se rapportant à l‘Afrique, aussi bien que des questions d‘intérêt philosophique général. 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