DOCSLIB.ORG

Vtterl S and DIFFERENCES in ALCOHOL DRINKING AMONG the THREE MAIN RELIGIOUS GROUPS in INDIA: HINDUS, MUSLIMS and SIKHS

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Vtterl S and DIFFERENCES in ALCOHOL DRINKING AMONG the THREE MAIN RELIGIOUS GROUPS in INDIA: HINDUS, MUSLIMS and SIKHS 014505274 014505274 Liverpool Unlv VTTERl S AND DIFFERENCES IN ALCOHOL DRINKING AMONG THE THREE MAIN RELIGIOUS GROUPS IN INDIA: HINDUS, MUSLIMS AND SIKHS This is a thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements of the University of Liverpool for the degree of Doctor in Medicine in the Faculty of Medicine (Division of Psychiatry) Year of presentation: 2013 Dr Samir Kumar Ghosh Declaration I i declare that, except as indicated in the thesis, this work has been carried out and the thesis has been written by myself. Samir Kumar Ghosh M.D. Thesis in Psychiatry - Dr. S.K. Ghosh Page | 2 Declaration II No portion of the work referred to in this thesis has been submitted in support of an application for another degree or qualification of Liverpool or any university or other institution of learning. Samir Kumar Ghosh M.D. Thesis in Psychiatry — Dr. S.K. Ghosh Page | 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Professor K.C.M. Wilson, Department of Psychiatry, University of Liverpool, Merseyside for the supervision, guidance and constant advice throughout my study and preparation of this thesis. I remain ever indebted to Dr. Brian Faragher, Senior Lecturer in Medical Statistics, University Hospital of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, Merseyside for his constant encouragement, thorough supervision and endless help from the very beginning of my study, advising me on statistical analysis required, and painstakingly checking all results including proof reading of the thesis, always fitting me into his very busy work schedule, being available for advice whenever necessary. My sincere thanks and gratitude for my long time close friend Mr. Edwin Warburton, ex-teacher/instructor, Social Services Department, Manchester for his help and constant encouragement to continue with my study and helping me in every possible way, including conducting primary reading of the draft version of my writing of the thesis. I am fortunate to have been helped by my secretary and friend Mrs. Elaine Parkinson in organising, formatting, structuring and typing some part of the thesis. She has also been available whenever I needed her, with endless patience. I am also thankful and appreciative to Mrs. Linda Whitehouse, secretary at the Stepping Hill Hospital, Stockport, Cheshire, SK2 7JE for helping me by printing a chapter of the thesis at short notice. I have borrowed freely from many authors in the literature review of this thesis and I am indebted to all of them mentioned in the chapter of references. I am grateful to Dr. M.L. Selzer for allowing me to use his screening instrument Michigan Alcohol Screening Test (M.A.S.T.) to detect alcohol dependence (alcoholism), a short version (B.M.A.S.T.) of which was used in this study. M.D. Thesis in Psychiatry - Dr. S.K. Ghosh Page | 4 I am grateful to all community and religious leaders, general practitioners and psychiatrists in West Bengal, India, who constantly gave me the benefit of their help, support, advice and co-operation in conducting my community survey of alcohol drinking. Many religious leaders especially of the Hindu, Muslim and Sikh religions constantly advised me to understand the background of respective religions; I am deeply indebted to all of them. The librarian of the medical library, Mrs. Elizabeth Stitt, Calderstones Hospital, Whalley, Blackburn, BB7 9PE has inspired me over many years by her help, but particularly so in this thesis by obtaining for me literature from several sources. Her encouragement and help has played a major part in the completion of the thesis. M.D. Thesis in Psychiatry - Dr. S.K. Ghosh Page|5 ABSTRACT For a period of three years a community survey of alcohol drinking was carried out by the author in the West Bengal State of India to inquire into the different drinking patterns of three main religious groups of people in India: The Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs. The survey sample was drawn from the population of the city of Greater Kolkata, West Bengal and altogether 650 respondents were interviewed, of which 622 belonged to the three religious groups. The sample was selected at random from the population of adults over 18 years of age, and of either sex. The subjects were interviewed by the author using a disguised and structured questionnaire, mostly in their homes, after obtaining their consent. The questionnaire was in three parts. The first part had questions on demographic details, occupation, living style etc. also including religious practice. The questions in the second part covered family health etc., drinking and attitude towards drinking alcohol. The third part included questions, embedded among questions on health etc, on drinking alcohol by the subjects, places and types of drinking and Brief Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (B.M.A.S.T.) questions. The categories of drinkers were occasional, light, moderate and heavy, also alcohol dependents (alcoholics). Questions were asked about taking addictive drugs. Alcohol related questions were embedded amongst questions on health and leisure pursuits. Statistical analysis of the findings revealed many interesting and significant differences in drinking patterns between the three religious groups; Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs. The Muslims were found to be drinking less than the Hindus and Sikhs. Maie drinkers were found to be more than female in all three religious groups. Among the Sikh religious group both males and females drank consistently. No female drinker M.D. Thesis in Psychiatry - Dr. S.K. Ghosh Page [ 6 was found in the Hindu group of subjects. The mean age of initiating alcohol drinking was found to be higher in this study compared with other known studies in other regions of India. The age of starting drinking alcohol was found to be higher compared to several other studies in other parts of India. Many subjects started drinking earlier in their lives but did not continue. BMAST screening tool detected less than 1% of “alcoholics" in this study which is considerably less than other published studies in India, Hindus are found to be drinking more in the religious and other ceremonies than in their homes. Muslim and Sikh subjects denied drinking in any religious ceremonies Country liquors and illicit liquors were found to be used by the lower socio-economic classes of people sustaining many serious and often irreversible, health problems. Many significant differences were also found between the three religious groups regarding the types, places and styles of drinking alcohol, also between their habits of taking addictive drugs. Social drinking, as known in the Western countries, was not found to exist and most alcohol drinkers consumed alcoholic beverages with a desire to get drunk and stay drunk as long as possible. Interesting differences were found among the family drinkers among the three religious groups. The subjects belonging to the higher and lower socio-economic class groups were found to be dinking more alcohol than the middle class groups in all three religions. “Alcoholism” as detected by BMAST screening tool was found to be less in the West Bengal State of India compared to many other States, as shown in the thesis reviewing available published studies. Among the three religious groups more Muslim subjects were found to be “alcoholics”. No female subject was found to be detected as “alcoholic". M.D. Thesis in Psychiatry - Dr. S.K. Ghosh Page|7 However, only two previous known published epidemiological studies, one on mental health, including alcohol drinking, and the other was on alcohol drinking in lower socio-economic groups, found in the West Bengal State of India. In conclusion, the author commented that to date there is no known study comparing pattern and pathologies of alcohol use of the three main religious groups in India. Alcohol production and drinking in India is on the rise steadily and findings of this study will encourage researchers to replicate studies on drinking and also harmful use of alcohol in the West Bengal State as well as nationwide and in all other States of India. M.D. Thesis in Psychiatry - Dr. S.K. Ghosh Page|8 TABLE OF CONTENTS: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 4 ABSTRACT 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS: 9 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 14 BACKGROUND 17 INDIAN RELIGIONS 18 HINDUISM 18 ISLAM 24 HINDUISM AND ISLAM 29 SIKHISM 31 BUDDHISM AND JAINISM 32 HISTORY OF ALCOHOL DRINKING AMONG THE THREE MAIN RELIGIOUS GROUPS IN INDIA: HINDUS, MUSLIMS AND SIKHS 35 ALCOHOL DRINKING AND HINDU TRADITION 35 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 48 CHAPTER 2 ALCOHOL IN MODERN INDIA: AVAILABILITY, ATTITUDES AND CONSUMPTION 50 AVAILABILITY OF ALCOHOL 50 TRENDS IN ALCOHOL PRODUCTION AND SALES 52 ALCOHOL INDUSTRY 52 AVAILABILITY OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES 52 EXCISE ON LIQUOR 53 ADVERTISING OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES 53 ILLICIT LIQUOR 53 COMMUNITY ACTION AGAINST ALCOHOL DRINKING 54 INVOLVEMENT OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS 54 ALCOHOLICS ANONYMOUS GROUPS 55 TYPE OF ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES COMMONLY CONSUMED AT PRESENT 55 NATIONAL MASTER PLAN 57 M.D. Thesis in Psychiatry - Dr. S.K. Ghosh Page | 9 SOCIAL CHANGES 60 PREVALENCE OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AND ALCOHOLISM 61 DRINKING PATTERNS AND ATTITUDES 69 ROLE OF FAMILY AND EXTENDED FAMILY 71 ROLE OF CASTE AND CLASS 72 PREVALENCE AND PATTERNS OF ALCOHOL USE 72 CONCLUSIONS 74 CHAPTER 3 CROSS-CULTURAL STUDIES ON ALCOHOL DRINKING 77 CHAPTER 4 METHODS 88 STUDY DESIGN 88 SURVEY AREA AND POPULATION 89 QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN 90 ISSUES 90 THE QUESTIONNAIRE 95 METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES 96 CONDUCTION OF SURVEY 103 SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRES 105 QUESTIONNAIRE: PARTS 1 to 3 105 QUESTIONNAIRE - PART 4 (The Brief Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test) 120 MICHIGAN ALCOHOLISM SCREENING TEST (M.A.S.T.) QUESTIONNAIRE 121 SHORT MICHIGAN ALCOHOLISM SCREENING TEST (S.M.A.S.T.) 123 S.M.A.S.T. QUESTIONNAIRE 123 THE BRIEF M.A.S.T. QUESTIONNAIRE (B.M.A.S.T.) 124 TABLE 1: M.A.S.T.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Few Translation of Works of Tamil Sidhas, Saints and Poets Contents
    Few translation of works of Tamil Sidhas, Saints and Poets I belong to Kerala but I did study Tamil Language with great interest.Here is translation of random religious works That I have done Contents Few translation of works of Tamil Sidhas, Saints and Poets ................. 1 1.Thiruvalluvar’s Thirukkual ...................................................................... 7 2.Vaan chirappu .................................................................................... 9 3.Neethar Perumai .............................................................................. 11 4.Aran Valiyuruthal ............................................................................. 13 5.Yil Vazhkai ........................................................................................ 15 6. Vaazhkkai thunai nalam .................................................................. 18 7.Makkat peru ..................................................................................... 20 8.Anbudamai ....................................................................................... 21 9.Virunthombal ................................................................................... 23 10.Iniyavai kooral ............................................................................... 25 11.Chei nandri arithal ......................................................................... 28 12.Naduvu nilamai- ............................................................................. 29 13.Adakkamudamai ...........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Microorganisms in Fermented Foods and Beverages
    Chapter 1 Microorganisms in Fermented Foods and Beverages Jyoti Prakash Tamang, Namrata Thapa, Buddhiman Tamang, Arun Rai, and Rajen Chettri Contents 1.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 2 1.1.1 History of Fermented Foods ................................................................................... 3 1.1.2 History of Alcoholic Drinks ................................................................................... 4 1.2 Protocol for Studying Fermented Foods ............................................................................. 5 1.3 Microorganisms ................................................................................................................. 6 1.3.1 Isolation by Culture-Dependent and Culture-Independent Methods...................... 8 1.3.2 Identification: Phenotypic and Biochemical ............................................................ 8 1.3.3 Identification: Genotypic or Molecular ................................................................... 9 1.4 Main Types of Microorganisms in Global Food Fermentation ..........................................10 1.4.1 Bacteria ..................................................................................................................10 1.4.1.1 Lactic Acid Bacteria .................................................................................11 1.4.1.2 Non-Lactic Acid Bacteria .........................................................................11
    [Show full text]
  • Excise the World of Intoxication
    REVENUE EARNING DEPARTMENTS - EXCISE THE WORLD OF INTOXICATION Alcoholic Drinks: Previous Era Alcoholic Drinks: History Alcoholic drinks made from fermented food stuffs have been in used from ancient times. Fermented drinks antedate distilled spirits, though the process of distillation was known to the ancient Assyrians, Chinese, Greeks and Hindus. The manufacture, sale and consumption of intoxicating liquor have been subject to state control from very early times in India. Alcoholic Drinks - in India Drinks were known in India in Vedik and Post Vedik times. The celestial drink of Vedik period is known as Soma. • Sura is fermented beverage during Athavana Veda period. Alcoholic Drinks – Making in different periods • Pulasty’s • Kautilya’s Alcohol making : Pulasty’s Period • Panasa( Liquor from Jack fruit) • Madhvika (Mohowa Liquor) • Draksha (Liquor from Grape) • Saira (Long pepper Liquor) • Madhuka (Honey Liquor) • Arishta (Soap Berry Liquor) • Khajura (Date Liquor) • Maireya (Rum) • Tala (Palm Liquor) • Narikelaja (Coconut Liquor) • Sikhshava (Cane Liquor) • Sura / Arrack. Alcohol making : Kautilya’s Period • Medaka • Prasanna • Asava • Arisha • Maireya • Madhu Indian Alcoholic Beverages Indian Alcoholic Beverages : Types • Traditional Alcoholic Beverages • Non- Traditional Alcoholic Beverages Traditional Alcoholic Beverages • Feni • Hudamaba • Palm Wine • Handia • Hariya • Kaidum • Desidaru • Sonti • Kodo Kojaanr • Apo / Apung • Sulai • Laopani • Arrack • Sundakanji • Luqdi • Bangla • Sura • Mahua • Bitchi • Tati Kallu • Mahuli • Chhaang • Tharra • Mandia Pej • Cholai • Zawlaidi • Manri • Chuak • Zutho • Pendha • Sekmai Non - Traditional Alcoholic Beverages • Indian Beer • Indian Brandy • Indian made Foreign Liquor • Indian Rum • Indian Vodka • Indian Wine Alcoholic Beverages Alcohol Beverages : as a source of Revenue Alcoholic beverages received to distinctions with the advent of the British Rule in India.
    [Show full text]
  • Alcohol Marketing and Regulatory Policy Environment in India a Report November 2013
    COIMBATORE: A 26-year-old woman, a construction worker, committed laint against RCB Delhi NGO comp suicide on Thursday after consuming ng alcohol brand cow-dung powder when her husband for advertisi reprimanded her for her drinking habit. S Anjali, the deceased, from Ka ruppannan Pathai at Chokkampudur, laint against RCB Alcoholic woman kills self Delhi NGO comp consumed liquor mixed with cow dung ng alcohol brand powder and swooned. Her neighbours after tiff with spouse for advertisi took her to CMCH where she was use declared brought dead. COIMBATORE: A 26-year-old woman, ca a construction worker, commitatedi n ts suicide on Thursday after co nmsuming n cow-dung powder when hrer husband e rs uo lm octo q ai s, d or reprimanded her ifor her drinking hab it. ent ed f L er ailm ne in v ted as a t li rela re w en g S Anjali, the derceased, frome the est m opin fo th said inv evel e lism r- e d d t th Karuppannan Pathai at Chookhkoampulidvuer, or an trea . alc or s m rch to e consumed liquor mixnegd withs ec ofw ducntogr esea ls s alli cau do r too a a r e powder and swoConed.r yH er nseeisg,hbour so n w e o rima isea tion ne s wh i to Alcoholic woman kills selpf d tric n d i , elh took her to CMCHt edwherer eshe waas d e r s D l ela d t s t oh ew ona r te e of c t B N ti ca t l r in na declared brought deadv.o o u n Do tl&y e ter lic after tiff with spouse ad t i on e e n I h in ho o r s a th resv tn to lco q u i nto p o e a a tic l i or ve .
    [Show full text]
  • Download (1073KB)
    National Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development National Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development ISSN: 2455-9040 Impact Factor: RJIF 5.22 www.nationaljournals.com Volume 3; Issue 1; January 2018; Page No. 106-122 Alcohol and its induced aura that imposed adverse effects on socio-economic, neurobehavioural and biological health in Indians 1 Rajesh Kumar Kori, *2 Dr. Deepak Gupta 1 Research Fellow, M.Sc. (Forensic Science), Department of Criminology & Forensic Science, School of Applied Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Madhya Pradesh, India 2 Assistant Professor, Ph.D. (Criminology), Department of Criminology & Forensic Science, School of Applied Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Madhya Pradesh, India Abstract A chronic alcohol consumption (CAA) is a global problem for economic and health of an addicted person. The adverse effects of chronic and acute alcoholism have been started with short-term pleasant experience like a hangover, insanities extend with long- term addiction habits that lead to critical adverse health outcomes like cancer, a developmental disorder, neurobehavioural disorder (Depression, Anxiety, Impulsiveness, Aggression). Consequently, person entrapped with disorder riddle with imprudence, depressed, anxious, impaired decision slipped into the valley of detainment, loneliness state that trigger to think the permanent solution to pain or problem mostly that ends in different ways one might be initiated with suicidal ideation, suicidal attempts or suicide (inward
    [Show full text]
  • Traditional Alcoholic Beverages from Ayurveda and Their Role on Human Health
    Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge Vol. 6(1), January 2007, pp. 144-149 Traditional alcoholic beverages from Ayurveda and their role on human health S Sekar Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, Tamil Nadu E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Received 29 August 2006; revised 10 November 2006 The traditional medical system of Indian Ayurveda indicates availability of a variety of alcoholic beverages named generally as Madya, which are hitherto unreported. The objective of this work was to compile and analyze such information obtained from traditional literature in order to document the impact of these beverages on human health. In this work, the Ayurvedic alcoholic beverages are grouped into seven major categories based on the nature of raw materials used and the nature of fermentation. Constituents and medicinal properties of diverse alcoholic beverages falling into each category are compiled. Novel information about the fractions of beverages, quality assessment and changes in properties as a result of storing are highlighted. The means for the application of modern scientific tools and vistas of scientific knowledge to hull out useful information as well as to document and validate the rich tradition of fermented therapeutics of Ayurveda is outlined. Key words: Ayurveda, Madya, Alcoholic beverages, Traditional medicine, Biomedical fermentation IPC Int. Cl.8: A61K36/00, A61K36/00, A01G1/00, A01G17/00, A47G19/00, A23L1/00, A23L1/06, A23L2/02, C12G, A61P1/14, A61P3/04, A61P3/06, A61P3/08, A61P3/10, A61P5/00, A61P5/50, A61P9/00, A61P9/04, A61P9/14, A61P29/00, A61P31/00, A61P33/00, A61P33/10, A61P35/00 Ayurveda, the traditional Indian System of Medicine the potential medicinal properties and care to be taken is regarded as one of two living great traditions of the while using them as medicines.
    [Show full text]
  • India Nepal Soft Appunti Di Viaggio
    India Nepal Soft 1 - 7 Marco Vasta India Nepal Soft Appunti di viaggio India Nepal Soft 2 - 7 Marco Vasta In Xanadu did Kubla Khan A stately pleasure-dome decree : Where Alph, the sacred river, ran Through caverns measureless to man Down to a sunless sea. Samuel Taylor Coleridge: Kubla Khan, or, A Vision in i Dream. Pagina precedente: Manjushri della saggezza e della conoscenza Ultima di copertina: Ultimo salvataggio: 23/07/2017 19.39.00 Stampato in proprio: 23/07/2017 20.05.00 Autore: Marco Maria Luciano Vasta File: C:\CONDIVISA\Marco\Viaggi\2017\India Nepal Soft\Qdvindianepalsoftbase.Doc Revisione n° 43 Le strade avanzano, le montagne si muovono. Curatore, autore ed editore non si assumono alcuna responsabilità per le informazioni presentate a solo scopo di crescita culturale. Le informazioni sono fornite “così come sono” ed in nessun caso autore ed editore saranno responsabili per qualsiasi tipo di danno da frustrazione, incluso, senza limitazioni, danni risultanti dalla perdita di beni, profitti e redditi, valore biologico, dal costo di ripristino, di sostituzione, od altri costi similari o qualsiasi speciale, incidentale o consequenziale danno anche solo ipoteticamente collegabile all'uso delle presenti informazioni. Le presenti informazioni sono state redatte con la massima perizia possibile in ragione dello stato dell'arte delle conoscenze e delle tecnologie; la loro accuratezza e la loro affidabilità non è comunque garantita in alcun modo e forma da parte del curatore, né di alcuno. India Nepal Soft 3 - 7 Marco Vasta Sommario Sommario
    [Show full text]
  • Alcoholic Fermentation Techniques in Early Indian Tradition
    Indian Journal of History of Science, 45.2 (2010) 163-173 ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION TECHNIQUES IN EARLY INDIAN TRADITION Nand Lal Singh*, Ramprasad*, P.K. Mishra*, S.K. Shukla*, Jitendra Kumar** and Ramvijay Singh** (Received 17 July, 2009; revised 6 May 2010) Somarasa is an invigorating plant product generally prepared by squeezing juice from plants. That the R. gvedic people knew fermentation property of this drink is evident from the hymns praising somarasa (120 hymns). The Sƒukla Yajurveda describes the formation of two stimulating – – drinks – Sura and Parisƒrut. Fermentation products, aris..ta, asava and sura–, were considered potent medicinal drugs in Vedic age. In the post Vedic period, two new preparations known as vinegar and liquor from bread were added. The Ka–tya–yana Sƒrauta su–tra also gives a complete description of the preparation of Sura–. References to the medicated liquors and a number of other fermented liquors with their respective medicinal – values are found in Caraka and Susƒruta-Sam. hitas. The survey aims to chart out the facts relevant to somarasa drink in Vedic and early historic period. Key words: Alcoholic beverage, Fermentation, Somarasa, Sura–, Parisƒrut INTRODUCTION The fermentation techniques involve a variety of processes having a large number of uses. It also laid the foundation of alchemy and chemistry. The term fermentation is derived from the Latin word Fermentum that stands for boiling. Fermentation is the process of digesting certain substances that leads to chemical conversion of organic substances into simpler compounds. Fermentation techniques began with sweet substances (vegetable or animal) in different parts of the world. The process of fermentation was probably discovered by observing the changes in the juices of several fruits and other substances that had been kept for a day * Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
    [Show full text]
  • The Oxford Democrat
    her Yofoc steady, but lower than usual, so υρ Ami married Paul liognn, the rich land A Talk with a Pick PockH, sleepless nights, wium all beside my the calf of the leg, and §o tightly button· Cbt dWûrîi Οtlrmorrat, were At I acroe· that circulation m and lj ι low that some who were listening1, did owner. Scott Goldrick, hearing of it in In the minds of the honest portion of thoughts rest have wrestled erf it stopped, BY ο tint. IS PUBLISH Kl> KVKKY k'RIDAY MOR.M.NO follow. Wires and Ι not catch the words at all. "Yott can the distant city where he waft living, said, tho community, an erronions notion pre- with the consciousness of approaehiag violent headaches F. Ε. SHAW, understand that it is not pleasant for me ♦'Such a pity ! She was one woman of a vails that tho of valuables or mon- death, until at last it has lorced itself up· mother·! I say as I nee the heating and L irrrs / or. taking to do but rule a better man than on mind to and to burdensome tacked on the most KDITOK ASi> PBOPR1ITOI. this, my must lw respect- thousand, ami deserved ey from a man's pocket approaches art ; my ; and although you panier I know not if the dark or bright ed." that.'1 it now seem but the ner- delicate of a woman's frame, to Hollar» Oae Dollar and in short, that is a skilled others, might portion f RRW*.—Two per»*âr ; Shall V mv lot ; picking pockets if ta »dT»»ce.
    [Show full text]
  • Production and Consumption of Alcoholic Beverages with Its Consequence in India: a Short Review
    International Journal of Science and Qualitative Analysis 2018; 4(2): 34-37 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ijsqa doi: 10.11648/j.ijsqa.20180402.11 ISSN: 2469-8156 (Print); ISSN: 2469-8164 (Online) Production and Consumption of Alcoholic Beverages with Its Consequence in India: A Short Review Raghu Holalkere Sriram, Rajeshwara Achur Department of Biochemistry, Kuvempu University, Shimoga, India Email address: To cite this article: Raghu Holalkere Sriram, Rajeshwara Achur. Production and Consumption of Alcoholic Beverages with Its Consequences of in India: A Short Review. International Journal of Science and Qualitative Analysis. Vol. 4, No. 2, 2018, pp. 34-37. doi: 10.11648/j.ijsqa.20180402.11 Received : December 18, 2017; Accepted : January 16, 2018; Published : February 26, 2018 Abstract: Brewing and drinking of various liquors was developed into an art in ancient India as well as in Karnataka. Beverages are believed to contain ethanol are mentioned in ancient Indian literature dated back to Vedic period around 2000 B. C. Ancient Indian medical texts described in details the harmful effects of excessive or indiscriminate drinking on the mind and body Ethanol or generally referred as Alcohol consumption is gradually increasing in the developing countries in the last two decades. In India, cumulative cost of alcohol consumption is more than the income due to their sale. The proportion of injuries linked to alcohol use is estimated to be 59% of all injuries in India. In 1830, Edward Dyer traveled to India and set up the India's first brewery in Kasauli. Karnataka ranks third in the country in ethanol production. India Made Foreign Liquor (IMFL), Country Liquor, Illicit liquor and Beer are the types of alcoholic beverages available in India.
    [Show full text]
  • Prevalence, Nature, Context and Impact of Alcohol Use in India: Recommendations for Practice and Research S
    Washington University in St. Louis Washington University Open Scholarship Brown School Faculty Publications Brown School 2010 Prevalence, Nature, Context and Impact of Alcohol Use in India: Recommendations for Practice and Research S. Prabhu David A. Patterson Silver Wolf (Adelv unegv Waya) PhD Washington University in St Louis, Brown School, [email protected] Catherine N. Dulmus PhD University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo Center for Social Research K. S. Ratheeshkumar Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/brown_facpubs Part of the Asian Studies Commons, Social Welfare Commons, Social Work Commons, and the Substance Abuse and Addiction Commons Recommended Citation Prabhu, S.; Patterson Silver Wolf (Adelv unegv Waya), David A. PhD; Dulmus, Catherine N. PhD; and Ratheeshkumar, K. S., "Prevalence, Nature, Context and Impact of Alcohol Use in India: Recommendations for Practice and Research" (2010). Brown School Faculty Publications. 25. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/brown_facpubs/25 This Journal Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Brown School at Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Brown School Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Alcohol Use in India 1 Running Head: Alcohol Use in India Prevalence, Nature, Context and Impact of Alcohol Use in India: Recommendations for Practice and Research Alcohol Use in India 2 Abstract Presently alcohol policy in India takes a moral stand rather than a scientific approach towards understanding and dealing with the problem of alcoholism. To effectively address this social problem in India, public policy must take into account the nature, extent of the problem and the context in which it occurs.
    [Show full text]
  • Parallelism Between Indo-Iranian "Soma Haoma" Rituals & the "Chi-Dyo" Rituals of the Lepchas of Sikkim
    PARALLELISM BETWEEN INDO·IRANIAN "SOMA BAOMAn RITUALS & THE "Cm·DYO" RITUALS OF THE LEPCBAS OF SIKKIM P.B.Chakrabarty A lcoholic drinks play a very important role in all sacrificial ~eremonies and rituals observed by the Lepchas (Rongkup) of Sikkim. One such drink is the "Chi" which is millet beer and another alcoholic sacrificial drink is "Dyo" made from medicinal herbs, roots or other fermentable plants. According to ancient t~dition of the Lepchas, "Chi" is of divine origin. Legend has it that the ferment used in the preparation of "Chi" was brought to mankind from the nether world in a cunning manner by a cockroach named "Tagder Palyong". The Lepchas of Sikkim link up immortality with this drink. It is believed that the quail (Lepcha name - Kohom fo) is one of the two birds which fetched this drink of immortality from heaven. Then again, the "Chi" sacrifice is closely linked with the bull and performed on the head of the animal. The "Chi" sacrifice is intimately bound up with the life and rituals of the Lepchas and an integral part of the cultural heritage of their ancestors. We find striking parallelism between the Indo-Iranian "Soma-Haoma" sacrifices and the "Chi" sacrifice of the Lepchas of 31 Sikkim. According to Indo-European beliefs, the drink which manifests secret, ecstatic and exciting power to men is an essence of the gods, and a special possession of theirs. The dwelling place of this drink "Soma" rasa of the gods is· heaven and from its heavenly storage, the bird eagle of the king of the Aryan god Indra (the nectar carrying eagle of Zeus, Greek god King of Olympus) or the god himself disguised as a bird, fetched or stole it from the jealously watching demons.
    [Show full text]