Playing Harmonica with Guitar & Ukulele
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The KNIGHT REVISION of HORNBOSTEL-SACHS: a New Look at Musical Instrument Classification
The KNIGHT REVISION of HORNBOSTEL-SACHS: a new look at musical instrument classification by Roderic C. Knight, Professor of Ethnomusicology Oberlin College Conservatory of Music, © 2015, Rev. 2017 Introduction The year 2015 marks the beginning of the second century for Hornbostel-Sachs, the venerable classification system for musical instruments, created by Erich M. von Hornbostel and Curt Sachs as Systematik der Musikinstrumente in 1914. In addition to pursuing their own interest in the subject, the authors were answering a need for museum scientists and musicologists to accurately identify musical instruments that were being brought to museums from around the globe. As a guiding principle for their classification, they focused on the mechanism by which an instrument sets the air in motion. The idea was not new. The Indian sage Bharata, working nearly 2000 years earlier, in compiling the knowledge of his era on dance, drama and music in the treatise Natyashastra, (ca. 200 C.E.) grouped musical instruments into four great classes, or vadya, based on this very idea: sushira, instruments you blow into; tata, instruments with strings to set the air in motion; avanaddha, instruments with membranes (i.e. drums), and ghana, instruments, usually of metal, that you strike. (This itemization and Bharata’s further discussion of the instruments is in Chapter 28 of the Natyashastra, first translated into English in 1961 by Manomohan Ghosh (Calcutta: The Asiatic Society, v.2). The immediate predecessor of the Systematik was a catalog for a newly-acquired collection at the Royal Conservatory of Music in Brussels. The collection included a large number of instruments from India, and the curator, Victor-Charles Mahillon, familiar with the Indian four-part system, decided to apply it in preparing his catalog, published in 1880 (this is best documented by Nazir Jairazbhoy in Selected Reports in Ethnomusicology – see 1990 in the timeline below). -
10 - Pathways to Harmony, Chapter 1
Pathways to Harmony, Chapter 1. The Keyboard and Treble Clef Chapter 2. Bass Clef In this chapter you will: 1.Write bass clefs 2. Write some low notes 3. Match low notes on the keyboard with notes on the staff 4. Write eighth notes 5. Identify notes on ledger lines 6. Identify sharps and flats on the keyboard 7.Write sharps and flats on the staff 8. Write enharmonic equivalents date: 2.1 Write bass clefs • The symbol at the beginning of the above staff, , is an F or bass clef. • The F or bass clef says that the fourth line of the staff is the F below the piano’s middle C. This clef is used to write low notes. DRAW five bass clefs. After each clef, which itself includes two dots, put another dot on the F line. © Gilbert DeBenedetti - 10 - www.gmajormusictheory.org Pathways to Harmony, Chapter 1. The Keyboard and Treble Clef 2.2 Write some low notes •The notes on the spaces of a staff with bass clef starting from the bottom space are: A, C, E and G as in All Cows Eat Grass. •The notes on the lines of a staff with bass clef starting from the bottom line are: G, B, D, F and A as in Good Boys Do Fine Always. 1. IDENTIFY the notes in the song “This Old Man.” PLAY it. 2. WRITE the notes and bass clefs for the song, “Go Tell Aunt Rhodie” Q = quarter note H = half note W = whole note © Gilbert DeBenedetti - 11 - www.gmajormusictheory.org Pathways to Harmony, Chapter 1. -
Electrophonic Musical Instruments
G10H CPC COOPERATIVE PATENT CLASSIFICATION G PHYSICS (NOTES omitted) INSTRUMENTS G10 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS (NOTES omitted) G10H ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS (electronic circuits in general H03) NOTE This subclass covers musical instruments in which individual notes are constituted as electric oscillations under the control of a performer and the oscillations are converted to sound-vibrations by a loud-speaker or equivalent instrument. WARNING In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme. 1/00 Details of electrophonic musical instruments 1/053 . during execution only {(voice controlled (keyboards applicable also to other musical instruments G10H 5/005)} instruments G10B, G10C; arrangements for producing 1/0535 . {by switches incorporating a mechanical a reverberation or echo sound G10K 15/08) vibrator, the envelope of the mechanical 1/0008 . {Associated control or indicating means (teaching vibration being used as modulating signal} of music per se G09B 15/00)} 1/055 . by switches with variable impedance 1/0016 . {Means for indicating which keys, frets or strings elements are to be actuated, e.g. using lights or leds} 1/0551 . {using variable capacitors} 1/0025 . {Automatic or semi-automatic music 1/0553 . {using optical or light-responsive means} composition, e.g. producing random music, 1/0555 . {using magnetic or electromagnetic applying rules from music theory or modifying a means} musical piece (automatically producing a series of 1/0556 . {using piezo-electric means} tones G10H 1/26)} 1/0558 . {using variable resistors} 1/0033 . {Recording/reproducing or transmission of 1/057 . by envelope-forming circuits music for electrophonic musical instruments (of 1/0575 . -
The Washington Blues Society and Lee Oskar Harmonicas Present
In Th s Issue... From the IBC in Memphis: Rum Boogie! From the IBC in Memphis: Sun Studio Jim Valley (Photo by Eric Steiner) (Photo by Eric Steiner) (Photo by ML Sutton) Letter from the President 2 March Blues Bash Preview 6 Report from Memphis 12 Letter from the Editor 3 Valentine’s Day Blues Bash 7 Membership Opportunities 14 Offic s and Directors 4 Street Team Report: Rocky Nelson 10 Walla Walla Festival Preview 14 On the Cover 4 Street Team Report 12 File Gumbo 30th Anniversary 15 Letter from Washington Blues Society President Tony Frederickson Hi Blues Fans, purchase of tickets. You can also purchase tickets start at 5:00 PM, and we wrap up at 8:00 PM so at the door! So save the date Sunday, April 9th and you can still get home in plenty of time to get a full The Best of the Blues due date for the final ballot make your plans to come to the Best of the Blues night’s sleep before work on Monday! It’s a one of is creeping up on us! Please be sure that you have Award show and the after party! Please see the ad those must do deals! See the ad in this issue of the your ballot to us by Tuesday, March 14th. in this edition of the Bluesletter! Bluesletter for this month’s show lineup! You can mail it in to our PO Box address (WBS, The International Blues Challenge was this past Festival season is coming up quickly! We kick off PO Box 70604, Seattle, WA 98127); give it to any month and our band (Polly O’Keary & the Rhythm the year with the Coeur de Alene Blues Festival in current Board of Director before March 14th, scan Method), our solo/duo -
Major and Minor Scales Half and Whole Steps
Dr. Barbara Murphy University of Tennessee School of Music MAJOR AND MINOR SCALES HALF AND WHOLE STEPS: half-step - two keys (and therefore notes/pitches) that are adjacent on the piano keyboard whole-step - two keys (and therefore notes/pitches) that have another key in between chromatic half-step -- a half step written as two of the same note with different accidentals (e.g., F-F#) diatonic half-step -- a half step that uses two different note names (e.g., F#-G) chromatic half step diatonic half step SCALES: A scale is a stepwise arrangement of notes/pitches contained within an octave. Major and minor scales contain seven notes or scale degrees. A scale degree is designated by an Arabic numeral with a cap (^) which indicate the position of the note within the scale. Each scale degree has a name and solfege syllable: SCALE DEGREE NAME SOLFEGE 1 tonic do 2 supertonic re 3 mediant mi 4 subdominant fa 5 dominant sol 6 submediant la 7 leading tone ti MAJOR SCALES: A major scale is a scale that has half steps (H) between scale degrees 3-4 and 7-8 and whole steps between all other pairs of notes. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 W W H W W W H TETRACHORDS: A tetrachord is a group of four notes in a scale. There are two tetrachords in the major scale, each with the same order half- and whole-steps (W-W-H). Therefore, a tetrachord consisting of W-W-H can be the top tetrachord or the bottom tetrachord of a major scale. -
Home School Winter Spring 2019.Pub
WINTER // SPRING 2019 HOME SCHOOL Winter January 16th-March 6th 8 Weeks Spring March 20th-May 15th 8 Weeks, SKIPS APRIL 3rd 10:00am-11:00am ARTIST TRADING CARDS (AGE 7+) Join Miles Davis in creating your very own trading cards. From Pokémon to Star Wars, trading cards are able to capture your imagination. Create your own characters, cartoons and more in this Artist Trading Cards class. Instructor Miles Davis Fees per session: $48 (R) $72(N) Supply Fee: $10 Winter: 7085 Wed Jan 16th-Mar 6th Spring: 7086 Wed Mar 20th-May 15th ART-RAGEOUS ABSTRACT ADVENTURES (AGE 6-11) Get ready for wild art ride! Students will work with a variety of unique and crea- tive materials to create abstract art of all types! Instructor: Kimberly Ford Fees per session: $48(R) $72(N) Supply Fee: $10 Winter: 7087 Wed Jan 16th-Mar 6th Spring: 7088 Wed Mar 20th-May 15th AGES 9-18 $250 TO REGISTER FOR AUDITIONS BEGINNER UKULELE (AGE 6-8) Begin the process of learning the Ukulele. This group class setting will teach the CALL 770-819-3285 FOR MORE DETAILS. basics of Ukulele, chords, and simple songs. Ukulele's provided. Instructor: Reid Stevens Fees per session: $48 (R) $72(N) Supply Fee: $5 Winter: 7091 Wed Jan 16th-Mar 6th Spring: 7092 Wed Mar 20th-May 15th A TOUCH OF HISTORY (AGE 5-8) Through stories, crafts and activities, Children will learn about Native Americans, Pilgrims, Gold Rush, Slavery, and the Underground Railroad and more. Special Activities will include: River Cane Blow Gun Demonstration, Panning for Gold, making a north star quilt scrap (paper). -
Families 2) Draw a Line Between Each Instrument and Its Orchestral Family
Musical Instruments Worksheet 1 Name ......................................... 1) Draw a line between each instrument and its name.Families 2) Draw a line between each instrument and its orchestral family. String Family Timpani Brass Family Trumpet Percussion Family Violin Woodwind Family Trombone Clarinet 3. Write the name of another instrument in the STRING FAMILY .......................................... 4. Write the name of another instrument in the BRASS FAMILY ........................................... 5. Write the name of another instrument in the PERCUSSION FAMILY ................................ 6. Write the name of another instrument in the WOODWIND FAMILY .................................. 7. To which family does the XYLOPHONE belong? ............................................................... Musical Instruments Worksheet 3 Name ......................................... Multiple Choice (Tick the correct family) String String String Oboe Brass Double Brass Bass Brass Woodwind bass Woodwind drum Woodwind Percussion Percussion Percussion String String String Cymbals Brass Bassoon Brass Trumpet Brass Woodwind Woodwind Woodwind Percussion Percussion Percussion String String String French Brass Cello Brass Clarinet Brass horn Woodwind Woodwind Woodwind Percussion Percussion Percussion String String String Cor Brass Trombone Brass Saxophone Brass Anglais Woodwind Woodwind Woodwind Percussion Percussion Percussion String String String Viola Brass Castanets Brass Euphonium Brass Woodwind Woodwind Woodwind Percussion Percussion -
The Harmonica and Irish Traditional Music by Don Meade
The Harmonica and Irish Traditional Music by Don Meade ! 2012 Donald J. Meade All rights reserved 550 Grand Street, Apt. H6F New York, NY 10002 USA TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 WHAT KIND OF HARMONICA? 4 TECHNICAL TIPS 13 MAJOR, MINOR, MODAL 16 ORNAMENTATION 18 CUSTOMIZING AND MAINTAINING CHROMATIC HARMONICAS 21 Appendix A: IRISH HARMONICA DISCOGRAPHY 26 Apendix B: MODE AND POSITION CHART 32 Appendix C: HARMONICA HISTORY 33 2 INTRODUCTION influenced by the way in which song airs The name “harmonica” has over the years and dance tunes are played on instruments been applied to a variety of musical with a longer history in the country, have instruments, the earliest of which was developed their own distinctive techniques probably an array of musical glasses and styles. created by Ben Franklin in 1761. The 19th- century German-speakers who invented the Instrumental technique is not really the key mouth-blown free-reed instrument now to playing Irish traditional music. Anyone known as the harmonica originally called it a who has ever heard a classical violinist Mundharmonika (“mouth harmonica”) to stiffly bow through a fiddle tune will distinguish it from the Handharmonika or understand that technical competence accordion. English speakers have since cannot substitute for an understanding of called it many things, including the mouth traditional style. That understanding can organ, mouth harp, French harp, French only be acquired by listening to and fiddle, harpoon, gob iron, tin sandwich and emulating good traditional players. If you Mississippi saxophone. “Mouth organ” is the want to play Irish music, you should listen to most common name in Ireland, where as much of it as possible. -
'The Expressive Organ Within Us:' Ether, Ethereality, And
CARMEL RAZ Music and the Nerves “The Expressive Organ within Us”: Ether, Ethereality, and Early Romantic Ideas about Music and the Nerves CARMEL RAZ In Honoré de Balzac’s novel Le Lys dans la sounds without melody, and cries that are lost in Vallée (1835), Felix de Vandenesse courts solitude.1 Henriette de Mortsauf by implying that their souls have a sympathetic connection. Katherine Prescott Wormeley’s translation ren- ders “un orgue expressif doué de mouvement” We belong to the small number of human beings as “the organ within us endowed with expres- born to the highest joys and the deepest sorrows; sion and motion.” This word choice omits the whose feeling qualities vibrate in unison and echo author’s pun on the expressive organ, here serv- each other inwardly; whose sensitive natures are in ing as both a metaphor for the brain and a harmony with the principle of things. Put such be- reference to the recently invented harmonium ings among surroundings where all is discord and instrument of the same name, the orgue they suffer horribly. The organ within us en- expressif.2 Balzac’s wordplay on the expressive dowed with expression and motion is exercised in a organ represents an unexpected convergence of void, expends its passion without an object, utters music, organology, natural science, and spiri- tualism. A variety of other harmoniums popu- I would like to thank Patrick McCreless, Brian Kane, Paola Bertucci, Anna Zayaruznaya, Courtney Thompson, Jenni- 1Honoré de Balzac, The Lily of the Valley, trans. Katharine fer Chu, Allie Kieffer, Valerie Saugera, Nori Jacoby, and P. -
Instrument Care Guide Contents
Kent Music Instrument Care Guide Contents Introduc� on Pg 3 About Instrument Hire Pg 4 Guitars and Ukuleles Pg 5 Brass Pg 6 Percussion Pg 8 Strings Pg 12 Woodwind Pg 14 Introduction An essential part of the Music Resources Kent Hire/Loan Agreement is that you take good care of the musical instruments supplied to your school. It is important to keep them safe and well maintained. This booklet aims to give you basic guidelines on how to store, clean, and look after musical instruments. Schools should be aware that musical instruments are fragile and expensive. It is the school’s responsibility to maintain the instruments Hired/Loaned to them. It is recommended that you: • Ensure the instruments are treated with care at all times as directed by the teacher • Only allow instruments to be used by pupils as appropriate • Make sure that space is made available for the safe keeping of the instruments. When instruments are not being played, they should be kept securely in the cases provided For information regarding tuition and ensembles, please visit our website www.kent-music.com. If you would like any further instrument advice, please contact us at Music Resources Kent. Felicity Redworth Music Resources Team Leader 01622 358442 [email protected] 3 About Music Resources Kent Instrument hire is available for all Kent schools and academies through Music Resources Kent. Music Plus instruments are available for free whilst non-Music Plus instruments are hired at a special school rate. Music Resources Kent offer a free delivery and collection service by arrangement. -
Blues CD Reviews
In This Issue... April Blues Bash: Son Jack, Jr. KBA Photographer Suzanne Swanson Dawn Tyler Watson (IBC First Place Band) (Photo by Daniel Sheehan) (Photo by Paul Brown) (Photo by Paul Brown) Letter from the President 2 Remembering James Cotton 6 Membership Opportunities 14 Letter from the Editor 3 April Blues Bash Preview 11 B Sharp Coffee House 15 Officers and Directors 4 Memphis Memo 12 Extended CD Review 16 On the Cover 4 New Venue: Cask & Trotter 14 Hawkeye Herman in Spokane! 17 Letter from Washington Blues Society President Tony Frederickson Kevin Sutton & the Blue Monday Band opening American Indian Chief and several bidders really Hi Blues Fans, the show and getting the crowd in a fevered pitch went to work on this item and provided as much that never let up the whole evening. We had many excitement as the music we had already heard. The This past month the Washington Blues Society, special guests throughout the show and the Blue silent auction closed and almost every item had Lee Oskar Harmonicas, and Anacortes Brewery Monday Band invited Jimmy Fadden to sit in multiple bids and displayed the generosity of those (H2O & Rockfish) sponsored the first of what we with them which raised the bar even higher. After in attendance. Our last special guest of the evening hope will be an annual fundraising event for the a brief break for a set change and live auction, was Mark Dufresne who led the Lee Oskar band Washington Blues Society’s Musician Relief Fund Bobby Holland & the Breadline took the stage with a few songs in memory of James Cotton, who at the Historic Everett Theater. -
The Chromatic Scale
Getting to Know Your Guitar: The Chromatic Scale Your Guitar is designed as a chromatic instrument – that is, guitar frets represent chromatic “semi- tones” or “half-steps” up and down the guitar fretboard. This enables you to play scales and chords in any key, and handle pretty much any music that comes from the musical traditions of the Western world. In this sense, the chromatic scale is more foundational than it is useful as a soloing tool. Put another way, almost all of the music you will ever play will be made interesting not by the use of the chromatic scale, but by the absence of many of the notes of the chromatic scale! All keys, chords, scales, melodies and harmonies, could be seen simply the chromatic scale minus some notes. For all the examples that follow, play up and down (both ascending and descending) the fretboard. Here is what you need to know in order to understand The Chromatic Scale: 1) The musical alphabet contains 7 letters: A, B, C, D, E, F, G. The notes that are represented by those 7 letters we will call the “Natural” notes 2) There are other notes in-between the 7 natural notes that we’ll call “Accidental” notes. They are formed by taking one of the natural notes and either raising its pitch up, or lowering its pitch down. When we raise a note up, we call it “Sharp” and use the symbol “#” after the note name. So, if you see D#, say “D sharp”. When we lower the note, we call it “Flat” and use the symbol “b” after the note.