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Nilai-Nilai Tasawuf Ajaran Sunan Drajat

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Nilai-Nilai Tasawuf Ajaran Sunan Drajat NILAI-NILAI TASAWUF AJARAN SUNAN DRAJAT SKRIPSI Disusun Untuk Memenuhi Tugas Akhir Guna Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Strata Satu (S-1) dalam Ilmu Ushuluddin dan Filsafat) Oleh: Ahmad. Aziz Masyhadi NIM: E01214001 PRODI AQIDAH DAN FILSAFAT ISLAM FAKULTAS USHULUDDIN DAN FILSAFAT UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SUNAN AMPEL SURABAYA 2019 i digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id ii digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id iii digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id iv digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id v digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id ABSTRAK Ahmad. Aziz Masyhadi, 2019, Nilai-Nilai Tasawuf Ajaran Sunan Drajat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap kembali nilai-nilai subtansi tasawuf Sunan Drajat. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian empiris yang merujuk pada data dari lapangan dan dianalisa dengan beberapa kitabnya Sunan Drajat seperti Bayan Alim, Puspa Renonce serta beberapa buku pendukung seperti karya dari Raden Danukusomo, Sejatine Manungsa dan buku Sejarah Sunan Drajat dalam Jaringan Masuknya Islam di Nusantara. Data diperoleh dari hasil wawancara, dokumentasi dan analisa yang ada dilapangan. Hasil penelitian ini, berdasarkan temuan yang diperoleh penulis terhadap nilai-nilai tasawuf Sunan Drajat yang ada di Desa Drajat Paciran Lamongan dengan teori interpretasi Kejawen Jawa dan filsafat perennial, yaitu: Pertama, tasawuf ala Sunan Drajat bukan hanya sebatas amaliah-amaliah seperti yang ada tapi mampu menyampaikannya di berbagai kesenian seperti, singo mengkok, pahatan bunga teratai, tembang pangkur, kungcup masjid Sunan Drajat dan banyak yang lainnya. Kedua, Sunan Drajat berhasil mengakulturasikan nilai-nilai tasawuf dalam berbagai tradisi atau khazanah yang ada tanpa adanya gesekan antara satu dengan yang lain. Ketiga, Sunan Drajat mampu menyesuaikan karakter, alam pikiran masyarakat Nusantara dan tradisi yang ada dengan titik pijak Islam yang bercorak sufistik. Keempat, Tasawuf Sunan Drajat adalah bagian dari Kejawen Jawa yang pada dasarnya berasal dari buah pemikiran para Walisanga untuk mengislamkan dipulau Jawa. Kelima, Nilai-Nilai Tasawuf Sunan Drajat selaras dengan filsafat perennial yang bertendensi bahwa kebenaran bersifat abadi dan berdasarkan petunjuk Tuhan. Keenam, Filsafat perennial berpendapat bahwa apa yang dihadapi oleh manusia modern saat ini adalah melupakan Tuhan sehingga tidak punya tujuan yang pasti begitu juga dalam nilai-nilai tasawuf Sunan Drajat yang juga menekankan tujuan hidup ini semata-mata karena Allah SWT. Kata Kunci: Tasawuf Sunan Drajat, Kejawen, Filsafat Perennial. vi digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id MOTTO Sejatine Manungsa Kudu Ileng lan Waspodo (Sejatinya Manusia Harus Selalu Ingat dan Waspada)1 1Raden Ngabehi Ranggowarsito (Lahir: Surakarta, 15 Maret 1802. Wafat: Surakarta, 24 Desember 1873) vii digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id Daftar Isi: HALAMAN JUDUL DALAM……………………….………………………………i PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN SKRIPSI …..…………………………….…….…..ii PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING………………………………………………....iii PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI…………………………………………………….……iv PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI………………………………………………….….v ABSTRAK……………………………………………………….………………….vi MOTTO………………………………………………………………………….…vii UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH…………………………………………………..….viii DAFTAR ISI……………………………………………………………….…..……x PEDOMAN TRASLITERASI….…………………………………….……….…..xii BAB I : PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang......................................................................................1 B. Rumusan Masalah................................................................................12 C. Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................................12 D. Manfaat Penelitian...............................................................................13 E. Konseptualisasi Judul..........................................................................14 F. Penelitian Terdahulu............................................................................16 G. Metode Penelitian................................................................................18 H. Sistematika Pembahasan......................................................................25 BAB II : Kejawen Islam, Tasawuf dan Filsafat Perennial A. Kejawen Islam....................................................................................26 B. Tasawuf dalam Islam..........................................................................29 C. Filsafat Perennial.................................................................................32 D. Sketsa Biografi Sunan Drajat..............................................................34 E. Pemikiran Sunan Drajat ......................................................................37 1. Sosial...................................................................................................38 2. Konsep Masyarakat Makmur..............................................................41 F. Perbandingan.......................................................................................45 viii digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id BAB III : NILAI-NILAI TASAWUF SUNAN DRAJAT A. Deskripsi Geografi, Demografi dan Arkeologi di Desa Drajat............47 1. Geografi.............................................................................................47 2. Demografi..........................................................................................48 3. Arkeologi Desa Drajat......................................................................50 a. Naskah Kuno…………………………………..………………..50 b. Karya Seni……………………..………………………………..52 B. Tradisi Tasawuf di Desa Drajat...........................................................52 1. Macapat........................................................................................... ..53 2. Malem Kemisan................................................................................ 59 3. Singo Mengkok..................................................................................61 4. Maleman Jumat Legi.........................................................................65 C. Nilai-Nilai Tasawuf Sunan Drajat........................................................67 1. Ketuhanan..........................................................................................75 a. Ingat dimensi Tuhan…………………………………………….76 b. Ingat dimensi manusia…………………………………………..77 2. Sejatine Masungsa.............................................................................80 BAB IV : ANALISIS DATA A. Kejawen dan Nilai-Nilai Tasawuf Sunan Drajat..................................80 B. Ketuhanan Sunan Drajat dalam Analisis Filsafat Perennial................85 C. Analisis Tasawuf Sejatine Mansungsa Sunan Drajat...........................89 1. Takhalli.............................................................................................90 2. Tahalli...............................................................................................90 3. Tajalli.................................................................................................91 BAB V : PENUTUP A. Kesimpulan........................................................................................105 B. Kritik dan Saran.................................................................................107 DAFTAR PUSTAKA LAMPIRAN ix digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id 1 BAB I PENDAHULUAN A. Latar belakang Penyebaran tasawuf di Indonesia sendiri berkembang dan mulai tumbuh pesat di Aceh kemudian menyebar seantero Nusantara, namun ada yang menarik dalam penyebaran tasawuf di Nusantara yang orentasinya bukan hanya berkutat ketuhanan dan fikih yang terkesan kaku namun juga melebar kepersoalan sosial kemasyarakatan, budaya, bahkan masalah politik. Pada puncaknya agama Islam sendiri digerakkan oleh para Walisanga 1 yang sanggup mengubah yang dulunya mayoritas Hindu-Buddha menjadi Islam. Menurut Alwi Shihab dalam website pribadinya menyatakan sebetulnya penyebaran Agama Islam pertama di Indonesia adalah para sufisme2, meskipun dalam perjalanannya tasawuf di Nusantara sendiri menjadi dua golongan yakni, tasawuf Sunni yang ditokohi oleh Syekh Nu<r al-Di<n al-Raniri<, Syaikh „Abd ash-Shamad al-Palembang, dan Syekh Muhammad Hasyim Asy’ari. Sedangkan Tasawuf Falsafi adalah Hamzah al-Fansuri dan Syekh Siti Jenar. Dalam perkembangannya, Tasawuf Sunni mengikuti ajaran Imam al-Ghazali dan Imam al-Baghdadi kemudian berkembang pesat dan dapat diterima dengan baik, terbukti dengan rujukan kita-kitab tasawuf karya Imam al-Ghazali seperti Ihya>’ Ulum al-Di<n yang menjadi rujukan utama dalam pelajaran tasawuf, juga kitab- 1 Agus Sunyoto, Atlas Walisanga, (Bandung: Mizan, 2013), 3. 2
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