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"El Misterio De La Creación Y El Árbol De La Vida En La Mística Judía: Una Interpretación Del Maasé Bereshit"

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"EL MISTERIO DE LA CREACIÓN Y EL ÁRBOL DE LA VIDA EN LA MÍSTICA JUDÍA: UNA INTERPRETACIÓN DEL MAASÉ BERESHIT" Mario Javier Saban Dipòsit Legal: T.1423-2012 ADVERTIMENT. L'accés als continguts d'aquesta tesi doctoral i la seva utilització ha de respectar els drets de la persona autora. Pot ser utilitzada per a consulta o estudi personal, així com en activitats o materials d'investigació i docència en els termes establerts a l'art. 32 del Text Refós de la Llei de Propietat Intel·lectual (RDL 1/1996). Per altres utilitzacions es requereix l'autorització prèvia i expressa de la persona autora. En qualsevol cas, en la utilització dels seus continguts caldrà indicar de forma clara el nom i cognoms de la persona autora i el títol de la tesi doctoral. No s'autoritza la seva reproducció o altres formes d'explotació efectuades amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva comunicació pública des d'un lloc aliè al servei TDX. Tampoc s'autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant als continguts de la tesi com als seus resums i índexs. ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis doctoral y su utilización debe respetar los derechos de la persona autora. Puede ser utilizada para consulta o estudio personal, así como en actividades o materiales de investigación y docencia en los términos establecidos en el art. 32 del Texto Refundido de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual (RDL 1/1996). Para otros usos se requiere la autorización previa y expresa de la persona autora. En cualquier caso, en la utilización de sus contenidos se deberá indicar de forma clara el nombre y apellidos de la persona autora y el título de la tesis doctoral. No se autoriza su reproducción u otras formas de explotación efectuadas con fines lucrativos ni su comunicación pública desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR. Tampoco se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al contenido de la tesis como a sus resúmenes e índices. WARNING. Access to the contents of this doctoral thesis and its use must respect the rights of the author. It can be used for reference or private study, as well as research and learning activities or materials in the terms established by the 32nd article of the Spanish Consolidated Copyright Act (RDL 1/1996). Express and previous authorization of the author is required for any other uses. In any case, when using its content, full name of the author and title of the thesis must be clearly indicated. Reproduction or other forms of for profit use or public communication from outside TDX service is not allowed. Presentation of its content in a window or frame external to TDX (framing) is not authorized either. These rights affect both the content of the thesis and its abstracts and indexes. UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI "EL MISTERIO DE LA CREACIÓN Y EL ÁRBOL DE LA VIDA EN LA MÍSTICA JUDÍA: UNA INTERPRETACIÓN DEL MAASÉ BERESHIT" Mario Javier Saban Dipòsit Legal: T.1423-2012 Mario Javier Sabán El misterio de la Creación y el Árbol de la Vida en la mística judía: una interpretación del Maasé Bereshit TESIS DOCTORAL Dirigida por el Dr. Joan Prat Caros Departament D´Antropología, Filosofía i Treball Social Tarragona 2012 1 UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI "EL MISTERIO DE LA CREACIÓN Y EL ÁRBOL DE LA VIDA EN LA MÍSTICA JUDÍA: UNA INTERPRETACIÓN DEL MAASÉ BERESHIT" Mario Javier Saban Dipòsit Legal: T.1423-2012 2 UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI "EL MISTERIO DE LA CREACIÓN Y EL ÁRBOL DE LA VIDA EN LA MÍSTICA JUDÍA: UNA INTERPRETACIÓN DEL MAASÉ BERESHIT" Mario Javier Saban Dipòsit Legal: T.1423-2012 Dedicatoria Esta tesis doctoral está dedicada a la memoria de mi madre Violeta Cuño (1943-2008) porque siempre estás en mi corazón y a mi padre David Sabán (1942) Quienes me enseñaron a ser un hombre A la memoria de mis abuelos, Rebeca Arditi (1914-1970), Meir Sabán (1898-1981), e Isaac Cuño (1914-1985) y a mi abuela Julia Bitrán (1921) por las enseñanzas que me han legado A mi esposa Jacqueline Claudia Freund por su amor y a mis dos hermosos hijos Max David Sabán y Lucas Elí Sabán porque constituyen la continuidad histórica del judaísmo 3 UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI "EL MISTERIO DE LA CREACIÓN Y EL ÁRBOL DE LA VIDA EN LA MÍSTICA JUDÍA: UNA INTERPRETACIÓN DEL MAASÉ BERESHIT" Mario Javier Saban Dipòsit Legal: T.1423-2012 Agradecimientos Realizar una segunda tesis doctoral no es tarea fácil, es verdad que uno ya pasó por una primera prue- ba académica, sin embargo, las fuerzas flaquean con el paso del tiempo, y el sostén económico de la familia se vuelve una prioridad absoluta, a pesar de esto, siempre dentro de mi tradición familiar ha prevalecido la idea de que el crecimiento es un trabajo permanente para toda la vida. “Para esto hemos sido creados” dice una antigua máxima de la Cábala. Probablemente esta sea una de las mejores herencias que he recibido de mi formación dentro del judaísmo. Agradecer en primer lugar a mis padres por todo el amor que me han brindado a través de mi vida para llegar a ser lo que hoy soy. Gracias a Violeta Cuño (Z “L) (1943-2008) y a David Sabán (1942) porque ellos han sido mis dos grandes luces. En segundo lugar, a mi esposa Jacqueline Freund porque sin ella hubiera sido imposible trabajar en esta segunda tesis doctoral, y pedir perdón a mis dos hermosos hijos, Max David Sabán y Lucas Elí Sabán, porque tuve que dejar de jugar con ellos muchas horas para poder terminar esta tesis doctoral, quizás cuando crezcan puedan valorar el esfuerzo de su padre. En tercer lugar, a mi director de tesis, al Dr. Joan Prat i Carós, por el estímulo que siempre me ha brindado, porque para mí ha sido un enorme placer conocer su profundidad de pensamiento y su humildad, característica fundamental de un verdadero sabio. Gracias querido Joan por ayudarme, aconsejarme en la metodología y darme ánimos para seguir adelante. Cuando finalicé mi obra Sod“ 22: El Secreto” sobre la mística judía me reuní con el Dr. Joan Prat para formularle la idea de presentar como tesis doctoral en antropología un trabajo exclusivo sobre el Árbol de la Vida como un símbolo muy potente dentro del pensamiento místico del judaísmo. El Dr. Prat apoyo desde el inicio este hermoso proyecto y me dijo que mi obra “Sod 22” me podría servir como base de apoyo a un trabajo de mayor envergadura y profundidad. Cuando en el año 2010 comencé a trabajar sobre “Sod 22” tenía una carpeta de apuntes de mis clases de Cábala, y para mediados del mes de abril del 2011 ya tenía más de tres carpetas voluminosas sobre las conclusiones personales a las que había llegado después de profundizar sobre los grandes pensadores de la mística judía. El cálculo era finalizar la tesis durante el año 2013, aunque a través del esfuerzo realizado concluí la tesis a mediados del año 2012. Quiero agradecer a mi tutor de tesis, el Dr. Joan Prat el consejo de incorporar una síntesis histórica del desarrollo de la mística judía, esto me obligó a trabajar en la lista de grandes cabalistas que se puede encontrar en la primera parte de este estudio. Creo que la idea de situar temporalmente al lector dentro del contexto histórico constituye una clave de esta investigación. Estoy seguro que el Árbol de la Vida es una de las herramientas más potentes para comprender la realidad antropológica desde la visión de la perspectiva cultural hebrea. El Árbol de la vida se fundamenta esencialmente para dar respuesta al enigma de nuestra existen- cia. Quizás las grandes preguntas del judaísmo a lo largo de la historia sean ¿Por qué estamos aquí? ¿Por qué nacemos? ¿Para que vivimos? ¿Y por qué debemos morir? Intentaremos responder desde la más antigua tradición judía a estos interrogantes. 4 UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI "EL MISTERIO DE LA CREACIÓN Y EL ÁRBOL DE LA VIDA EN LA MÍSTICA JUDÍA: UNA INTERPRETACIÓN DEL MAASÉ BERESHIT" Mario Javier Saban Dipòsit Legal: T.1423-2012 Espero que el honorable tribunal de tesis que juzgue mi obra se apiade de los defectos de la misma, y no obstante aplique toda la rigurosidad académica que crea necesaria. Que el Dios de Israel me ayudé a concluir esta tesis doctoral que presentó ante el excelentísimo departamento de Antropología, Filosofía y Trabajo Social de la Universitat Rovira i Virgili de la ciu- dad de Tarragona. Mario Javier Sabán En Sefarad, año 5772 Barcelona, mes de julio de 2012 5 UNIVERSITAT ROVIRA I VIRGILI "EL MISTERIO DE LA CREACIÓN Y EL ÁRBOL DE LA VIDA EN LA MÍSTICA JUDÍA: UNA INTERPRETACIÓN DEL MAASÉ BERESHIT" Mario Javier Saban Dipòsit Legal: T.1423-2012 Todo ocultamiento tiene como destino la revelación. Rabí Moshé Jaim Luzzatto La búsqueda siempre conduce a algo nuevo. Rabí Moshé Cordovero Todo lo que tiene raíces nunca muere. Rabí Abraham Abulafia Toda la creación desde los niveles más altos hasta los más bajos es Maljut del Infinito. Rabí Aryeh Kaplan El judaísmo revela el objetivo de la vida en el mundo. Rabí Iejiel Bar Lev Un ser humano natural puede estar familiarizado con las Escri- turas en un grado considerable pero esto no significa que perciba su íntimo contenido, puede obedecer todos los mandamientos es- crupulosamente y eso le honra, pero no significa que entienda de que se trata la Torá.
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