El Infinito Y El Lenguaje En La Kabbalah Judía: Un Enfoque Matemático, Lingüístico Y Filosófico

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El Infinito Y El Lenguaje En La Kabbalah Judía: Un Enfoque Matemático, Lingüístico Y Filosófico El Infinito y el Lenguaje en la Kabbalah judía: un enfoque matemático, lingüístico y filosófico Mario Javier Saban Cuño DEPARTAMENTO DE MATEMÁTICA APLICADA ESCUELA POLITÉCNICA SUPERIOR EL INFINITO Y EL LENGUAJE EN LA KABBALAH JUDÍA: UN ENFOQUE MATEMÁTICO, LINGÜÍSTICO Y FILOSÓFICO Mario Javier Sabán Cuño Tesis presentada para aspirar al grado de DOCTOR POR LA UNIVERSIDAD DE ALICANTE Métodos Matemáticos y Modelización en Ciencias e Ingeniería DOCTORADO EN MATEMÁTICA Dirigida por: DR. JOSUÉ NESCOLARDE SELVA Agradecimientos Siempre temo olvidarme de alguna persona entre los agradecimientos. Uno no llega nunca solo a obtener una sexta tesis doctoral. Es verdad que medita en la soledad los asuntos fundamentales del universo, pero la gran cantidad de familia y amigos que me han acompañado en estos últimos años son los co-creadores de este trabajo de investigación sobre el Infinito. En primer lugar a mi esposa Jacqueline Claudia Freund quien decidió en el año 2002 acompañarme a Barcelona dejando su vida en la Argentina para crear la hermosa familia que tenemos hoy. Ya mis dos hermosos niños, a Max David Saban Freund y a Lucas Eli Saban Freund para que logren crecer y ser felices en cualquier trabajo que emprendan en sus vidas y que puedan vislumbrar un mundo mejor. Quiero agradecer a mi padre David Saban, quien desde la lejanía geográfica de la Argentina me ha estimulado siempre a crecer a pesar de las dificultades de la vida. De él he aprendido dos de las grandes virtudes que creo poseer, la voluntad y el esfuerzo. Gracias papá. Esta tesis doctoral en Matemática Aplicada tiene una inmensa deuda con el Dr. Josep Lluís Domenech Uso, este hombre con su sabiduría y con su inteligencia ha podido demostrar en los últimos años importantes avances en la comprensión matemática de los fenómenos religiosos. El Dr. Domenech Usó ha sido el inspirador que me ha abierto un universo fascinante en la comprensión del Infinito. Le agradezco querido Josep Lluis todo su cariño y el entusiasmo que hemos compartido en estos últimos años. Fue gracias a mi amigo que he podido presentar este trabajo doctoral. Al Dr. Josue Nescolarde Selva quien me ha ayudado en todo el proceso y la gestión administrativa y con quien hemos compartido muchos trabajos conjuntos en diversas revistas especializadas profundizando en el asunto del Infinito. Millones de gracias querido Josué. Debo nombrar con muchísimo cariño a los amigos que han analizado este trabajo a la Dra. Silvana Silva Pereira, al Dr. Francesc Xavier Marín Torné y al Dr. Pablo Amster. Los tres unen la racionalidad matemática y la espiritualidad mística, por ese motivo pueden comprender este trabajo de investigación. Muchísimas gracias queridos amigos. A los miembros del tribunal de tesis ya designados, a la Dra. Matilde Morcillo Rosillo, a quien admiro profundamente como investigadora y a los Dres. Miguel Lloret Climent y Pasqual Francesc Esteve Calvo, quienes como miembros del “Grupo de Sistémica, Cibernética y Optimización” de la Universidad de Alicante trabajan hace muchos años en la Teoría General de Sistemas. Estos matemáticos han comprendido la importancia del aporte del misticismo judío en sus áreas de investigación. A mis grandes amigos, al Dr. Joan Prat i Caros y al Dr. Joan García del Muro, quienes desde su amistad y su comprensión intelectual me han acompañado durante estos últimos años, ellos me han impulsado a seguir estudiando. A mi querido Alfredo Matías (Eleasab) quien siempre ha estado allí a mi lado en los momentos difíciles de mi vida. Gracias querido amigo de todo corazón. Quiero agradecer especialmente a mis amigas, a Matilde Rufach Fornons y a Lina Cami Cerezuela, quienes me acompañaron durante casi 11 años al frente de Tarbut Sefarad (2007/2018), la primera red cultural judía de España. Gracias amigas por vuestra amistad y por todo vuestro apoyo. Quiero agradecer a los tres coordinadores de los grupos de cábala, Sod22 en Madrid, a mi amigo el Dr. Jorge Barros, Sod22/ Buenos Aires, a mi amiga Patricia Wanda, y a Sod22/Miami, Michelina Valoz…gracias amigos por difundir la sabiduría del pueblo de Israel en todo el mundo. No me puedo olvidar de todos mis alumnos de Barcelona, de mis alumnos virtuales en todo el mundo, de todos los que me quieren y a los que quiero con todo mi corazón. Son tantos que sería imposible nombrarlos a todos, pero pese a no ser nombrados en forma individual no por ello son menos importantes que todos los aquí mencionados. Todos esos amigos constituyen la fuerza de mi continuidad existencial. Quiero agradecer a mis cuñados, a Daniela Freund y a Jorg Klumbis, quienes me recibieron en Barcelona en mayo de 2002 cuando me fui de la Argentina por la crisis económica que asolo el país entre los años 1999-2001. A mis dos hermanas, Roxana Rebeca Saban y Lis Judith Saban y sus dos maridos y amigos, a Pablo Weinstein y a Beto Dabbah…gracias por siempre estar allí…. …y a todos mis sobrinos: a Sebastián Klumbis, a Laura Klumbis, a Solange Dabbah, a Brenda Weinstein, a Melanie Dabbah, a Flor Weinstein, a Brian Dabbah y a Lara Weinstein…a todos ellos les deseo que la vida les abra las oportunidades que tuvo su tío Mario. Y finalmente, y como cierre de mis agradecimientos, al alma de mi madre Violeta Cuño, fallecida hace ya 10 años y quien desde el más allá me estimula y me protege. Gracias mamá por todo lo que soy. Meir ben David ben Meir Saban INDICE CAPITULO I ........................................................................... 1 CONOCIMIENTO LINGUISTICO DE LA REALIDAD- 1 1. 1. Introduccion ............................................................... 1 1.2. El acceso a la realidad ................................................. 3 1.3. Realidad y lenguajes formales .................................... 7 1.3.1. El pensamiento de Spinoza ................................ 7 1.3.2. Platonismo matemático ..................................... 8 1.3.3. El pensamiento gödeliano ................................. 9 1.3.4. El pensamiento de Benacerraf ......................... 13 1.4. La realidad y los lenguajes naturales ........................ 14 1.5. Superación-expansión del lenguaje .......................... 28 1.6. ¿existe una imposibilidad de conocer la realidad? ... 33 1.6.1. La concepción de Spinoza ............................... 33 1.6.2. Concepciones mística y neoplatónica ............. 33 CAPITULO II ........................................................................ 37 LOGICA COINCIDENTIA OPPOSITORUM.................. 37 2.1. Introduccion .............................................................. 37 2.2. ¿qué es coincidentia oppositorum? ........................... 38 2.3. Linguistica y coincidentia oppositorum .................... 42 2.4. La bipolaridad cantidad-cualidad .............................. 46 2.5. Logica coincidentia oppositorum (COL) .................. 48 2.6. Valores de verdad ...................................................... 50 2.7. Negadores .................................................................. 51 2.8. Valores de verdad polares ......................................... 52 2.9. El círculo de la co-verdad ......................................... 54 2.10. CO-condiciones ....................................................... 59 2.10.1. Condición 1 ................................................... 59 2.10.2. Condición 2 ................................................... 59 2.10.3. Condición 3 ................................................... 60 2.11. Algebra proposicional coincidentia oppositorum ... 61 2.11.1. Proposiciones normales de orden n. ............. 62 2.12. Conclusiones ........................................................... 63 CAPITULO III ...................................................................... 65 INFINITO, TRANSFINITO Y UNIVERSOS DEL DISCURSO ............................................................................ 65 3.1. El universo del discurso matemático ........................ 65 3.2. El universo de discurso fisicalista ............................. 69 3.3. El universo de discurso metafísico ........................... 71 3.4. El universo de discurso psicológico.......................... 76 3.5. otras reflexiones ........................................................ 79 CAPITULO IV ...................................................................... 85 PARADOJAS EN EL CONCEPTO DEL INFINITO ACTUAL ................................................................................ 85 4.1. introduccion ............................................................... 85 4.2. algunas paradojas y enigmas ..................................... 86 4.2.1. Los números naturales .................................... 86 4.2.2. La paradoja en los números cardinales ........... 86 4.2.3. La paradoja Burali-Forti ................................. 87 4.2.4. Números definibles e inefables ....................... 88 4.2.5. El problema del continuo ................................ 89 4.2.6. El argumento de Bonaventure de Bagnoregio 91 4.2.7. El libro de arena de Borges ............................ 91 4.2.8. ¿A veces puede ser una parte igual que el todo?92 4.2.9. Los lenguajes infinitos .................................... 93 4.2.10. El conjunto de todas las posibles definiciones96 4.2.11. Argumento ontológico de Anselmo de Canterbury ................................................................. 97 4.3. algunas reflexiones .................................................... 97 CAPITULO V ........................................................................ 99 INFINITO ACTUAL E INFINITO
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