New Perspectives on Turkey

NEW PERSPECTIVES O N T U R K E Y No. 44 | Spring 2011

Y E K R U T N O S E V I T C E P S R E P W E N NEW In memory of Donald Quataert Lectures (1941-2011) Changes of Time: An Aspect of Ottoman PERSPECTIVES Cengiz Kırlı Modernization François Georgeon Articles O N T U R K E Y Economic Crises and the Social Structuring of Book Reviews Economic Hardship: The Impact of the 2001 Tamer Çetin and Feridun Yılmaz, eds. No. 44 | Spring 2011 Turkish Crisis Understanding the Process of Economic Change in Bruce H. Rankin Turkey: An Institutional Approach. New York: Reframing the Ideal Citizen in Turkey: National Nova Science Publishers, 2010. Fikret Şenses Belonging and Economic Success in the Era of Neo-Liberalism Karen Barkey. Empire of Difference: The Ottomans Özlem Altan-Olcay in Comparative Perspective. New York: Cambridge Representation of the Eastern and Southeastern University Press, 2008. Can Nacar Provinces in the Turkish Parliament during the National Struggle and Single-Party Era (1920- Ilham Khuri-Makdisi. The Eastern Mediterranean No. 44 | Spring 2011 1946) and the Making of Global Radicalism, 1860-1914. Ahmet Demirel Berkeley, LA: University of California Press, 2010. Akın Sefer Fruitless Attempts? The Kurdish Initiative and Containment of the Kurdish Movement in Elyse Semerdjian. “Off the Straight Path:” Illicit Turkey Sex, Law, and Community in Ottoman Aleppo. Marlies Casier, Joost Jongerden, and Nic Walker New York: Syracuse University Press, 2008. Ramazan Hakkı Öztan Astray and Stranded at the Gates of The European Union: African Transit Migrants in Amy Mills. Streets of Memory: Landscape, İstanbul Tolerance, and National Identity in Istanbul. Deniz Yükseker and Kelly Todd Brewer London: The University of Georgia Press, 2010. Derya Özkan Nicknames and Sobriquets in Ottoman Vernacular Expression Peter O’Brien. European Perceptions of Islam and Güçlü Tülüveli America from Saladin to George W. Bush: Europe’s Fragile Ego Uncovered. New York: Palgrave ISSN 1305-3299 MacMillan, 2009. Nermin Abadan-Unat

ISSN 1305-3299

9 7 7 1 3 0 5 3 2 9 0 0 4 NEW PERSPECTIVES O N T U R K E Y NEW PERSPECTIVES ON TURKEY ISSN: 1305-3299 Printed inİstanbul Book Design:EmreÇıkınoğlu,BEK Historical AbstractsandAmerica:History andLife Abstracts, Worldwide PoliticalScienceAbstracts, by theSocialScienceCitationIndex,Sociological New PerspectivesonTurkey isindexedandabstracted www.newperspectivesonturkey.net 34433, İstanbul/Turkey Yeniçarşı Caddesi, No:12/A,Galatasaray, Beyoğlu, Homer KitabeviveYayıncılık Ltd.Şti. issues [email protected] Correspondence relatingtosubscriptionsandback Galatasaray, Beyoğlu,34433,İstanbul/Turkey Publishing House,Yeniçarşı Caddesi, No:12/A, papers publishedbiannuallybyHomerAcademic New PerspectivesonTurkey isaseriesofresearch Nina Ergin Manuscript Editor Cem Bico Editorial Assistant Deniz Yükseker, Koç University Zafer Yenal, BoğaziçiUniversity Cihan Z.Tuğal, UniversityofCalifornia, Berkeley Fikret Şenses,MiddleEastTechnical University Asuman Suner, İstanbulTechnical University Şevket Pamuk,LondonSchoolofEconomics Ayşe Öncü,SabancıUniversity Yael Navaro-Yashin, Cambridge University Erol Köroğlu, BoğaziçiUniversity Cengiz Kırlı,BoğaziçiUniversity Çağlar Keyder, BinghamtonUniversity Selim Deringil,BoğaziçiUniversity Ümit Cizre,İstanbulŞehirUniversity Koray Çalışkan, BoğaziçiUniversity Editorial Board Reşat Kasaba,UniversityofWashington Book ReviewEditor Biray Kolluoğlu, BoğaziçiUniversity Ayfer BartuCandan, BoğaziçiUniversity Editors Political Science. Studies attheLondonSchoolofEconomicsand cooperation withtheChairinContemporary Turkish New PerspectivesonTurkey ispublishedin journal. Türk EkonomiBankasıforthepublication ofthis gratefully acknowledgeagenerousgrant from School ofEconomicsandPoliticalScience Contemporary Turkish StudiesattheLondon New PerspectivesonTurkey andtheChairin Tel: 02122495902 Galatasaray, Beyoğlu,34433,İstanbul Yeni Çarşı Caddesi, No:12/A Homer KitabeviveYayıncılık Ltd.Şti. Dağıtım Tel: 02126125860 197-203, Topkapı -İstanbul Litros Yolu, Fatih SanayiSitesi,No:12, Yaylacık MatbaacılıkSan.veTic.Ltd.Şti. Baskı Deniz Yükseker, Koç University Zafer Yenal, BoğaziçiUniversity Cihan Z.Tuğal, UniversityofCalifornia, Berkeley Fikret Şenses,MiddleEastTechnical University Asuman Suner, İstanbulTechnical University Şevket Pamuk,LondonSchoolofEconomics Ayşe Öncü,SabancıUniversity Yael Navaro-Yashin, Cambridge University Erol Köroğlu, BoğaziçiUniversity Biray Kolluoğlu, BoğaziçiUniversity Cengiz Kırlı,BoğaziçiUniversity Çağlar Keyder, BinghamtonUniversity Reşat Kasaba,UniversityofWashington Koray Çalışkan, BoğaziçiUniversity Ayfer BartuCandan, BoğaziçiUniversity Katkıda Bulunanlar e-mail: [email protected] www.homerbooks.com Tel: 02122495902 Galatasaray, Beyoğlu,34433,İstanbul Yeni Çarşı Caddesi, No:12/A Homer KitabeviveYayıncılık Ltd.Şti. Adres Ayşen Boylu Sorumlu Yazı İşleriMüdürü Sayı: 43/Sonbahar Homer KitabeviveYayıncılık Ltd.Şti. New PerspectivesonTurkey NEW PERSPECTIVES ON TURKEY Empire of Difference: The of Difference: Empire Barkey. Karen Streets of Memory: of Memory: Streets Mills. Amy European Perceptions of Perceptions European O’Brien. Peter Tamer Çetin and Feridun Yılmaz, Yılmaz, Feridun and Çetin Tamer Ilham Khuri-Makdisi. The Eastern Khuri-Makdisi. Ilham the “Off Straight Semerdjian. Elyse

Derya Özkan 218 Nermin Abadan-Unat Akın Sefer 206 Ramazan Hakkı Öztan 210 Fikret Şenses 200 Nacar Can 203 Book Reviews 197 . New New . Perspective Comparative Ottomans in 2008. Press, University Cambridge York: Landscape, Tolerance, and National Identity Identity National and Tolerance, Landscape, of University The London: . Istanbul in 2010. Press, Georgia Islam and America from Saladin to George to George Saladin from America and Islam . Uncovered Ego Fragile Europe’s Bush: W. 2009. MacMillan, Palgrave York: New Understanding the Process of Economic of Economic the Process Understanding eds. Institutional An Turkey: Change in Science Nova York: New . Approach 2010. Publishers, Mediterranean and the Making of Global of Global the Making and Mediterranean LA: Berkeley, 1860-1914. Radicalism, 2010. of Press, California University Community and Sex, Law, Illicit Path:” Syracuse York: New . Aleppo Ottoman in 2008. Press, University Fruitless Attempts? The Kurdish Kurdish The Attempts? Fruitless Astray and Stranded at the Gates of Gates the at Stranded and Astray Nicknames and Sobriquets in Ottoman inOttoman Sobriquets and Nicknames Reframing the Ideal Citizen in Turkey: Turkey: in Citizen Ideal the Reframing In memory of Quataert memory Donald In Economic Crises and the Social the and Crises Economic Changes of Time: An Aspect ofAspect An Time: ofChanges Representation of and Eastern the Representation

Initiative and Containment of the Kurdish of Kurdish the Containment and Initiative Turkey in Movement The European Union: African Transit Transit African Union: European The in İstanbul Migrants Vernacular Expression Vernacular National Belonging and Economic Success Success Economic and Belonging National of Era Neo-Liberalism in the (1941-2011) 181 Georgeon François 161 Güçlü Tülüveli Lectures Deniz Yükseker and Kelly Todd Brewer and Kelly Todd Deniz Yükseker 129 103 and Nic Walker Joost Jongerden, Marlies Casier, Ahmet Demirel 73 41 Özlem Altan-Olcay Bruce H. Rankin 11 Cengiz Kırlı Cengiz Articles 5 No. 44 | Fall 2011 | Fall No. 44 Structuring of Economic Hardship: The The Hardship: of Economic Structuring Crisis Turkish of 2001 the Impact Ottoman Modernization Ottoman Southeastern Provinces in the Turkish Turkish in the Provinces Southeastern Struggle National the during Parliament (1920-1946) Era Single-Party and 210 NEW PERSPECTIVES ON TURKEY sonal memories about Kuzguncuk from these years. The pleasant mem- per pleasant my of stuff the are experiences lived similar offers,and it thegrocer,with Çınaraltıto for thenightnicevisits summerbreeze hot greetingsSharingbook. her in thatdiscusses Kuzguncuk Amy Mills of University ofUtah Ramazan HakkıÖztan today. It is well worth to pick up and engage with this book. they are found both in its traditional milieu and within the Islamic world studysuccessfulis complicatingin modern perceptions Islamic of law as Muslimreformers.entalistsand quibbleaside,ThisminorSemerdjian’s space for doctrinal creating a religion with a definite beginning and end, without leaving any theOttomans tried to create uniforma code. Yet,this attitude—namely, local hairdresser. rakı (anis flavored Turkish spirit) at İsmet Baba, and started going to the drank and fish ateCafe, Çınaraltı at breakfast restaurant),had small a dor’s in front theof church on İcadiye Street (which has by now become time I shopped at its grocery store, ate this During friend. my visit to neighborhood the to back going kept I Ortaköy, on the other side of the Bosporus, across from Kuzguncuk, but weeks while I was looking for an apartment in the city. Then I moved to move from Ankara to İstanbul and stayed at a close friend’s place for two to about was 1998.I in Kuzguncuk re-acquaintedwith became I when rents were low enough for students to afford. Rents weregentrification; no its longer of cheap beginning very the at only was Then,Kuzguncuk Hisarüstü). and Cihangir as (such communities student Boğaziçi by preferredgenerally areas residential the in living from there,refraining moved had University,who Boğaziçi of students were They building. 1990s when I visited friends living there in a semi-communal apartment with the Kuzguncuk neighborhood in İstanbul. It all started in the early Reading Amy Mills’s book had an irrevocable impact on my relationship Mills. Amy We often talked about the old the about talked Weoften xii+288 pages. 2010, Press, Georgia of University The London: Istanbul. in Identity tet o Mmr: adcp, oeac, n National and Tolerance, Landscape, Memory: of Streets ikhtilaf —was the spirit of the age shared by both Ori Book Reviews (neighborhood) atmosphere(neighborhood) mahalle köfte (meatball) at the street ven- - - NEW PERSPECTIVES ON TURKEY 211 - - - - had no no had bostan - Kuzguncuklu (vegetable garden). Dur garden). (vegetable bostan enabled me to re to me enabled Memory of Streets *** life, was always highlighted by the association’s was mahalle highlighted by life, always the association’s which bostan the association was trying to protect was in , with , people ascarrying wooden bostan scarecrows symbols of their Kuzguncuk’s Kuzguncuk’s cosmopolitan past, the lived multi-cultural (meaning In December 2010, the neighborhood association organized yet - an discourse on neighborhood belonging and in their argument on why the the why on argument their in and belonging neighborhood on discourse Reading protected. be should bostan will to protect this green area from the planned development. The scare The development. planned the from area green this protect to will ing ing the time when I frequently visited Kuzguncuk, there were plans to the and neighborhood, the amidst area green this in build lar Derneği association) (the was neigborhood calling to support act for against the What development. disturbed me was learning from Mills’ book that the and family Greek a to belonged previously had that property private fact that it state; had indeed, there still been - ex confiscated by Turkish the on neighborhood, another in lives now who family that of member a ists of side İstanbul. European the multi-religious) impor very something invisible making actually was story this that alize tant: the not-so-pleasant history of non-Muslims in Kuzguncuk. The publicly not did association the by embraced discourse multi-culturalist acknowledge the suffering of non-Muslims, despite the fact asifwas that the It ofsuffering. evidence this living the was bostan that one non-Muslims, for one painful a fact in is which history, specific about. be silent to prefer or forget to pretend Turks Muslim plans. development the to opposition in festival and demonstration other I was The half-day there. event started with a march from Çınaraltı to the very which actually looked then like were much wooden crosses, crows, put aside as the festival started: food was served and talks were being and imagined I inat a the - scarecrows looked their place cem delivered. etery of The sight ofnon-Muslims. them made it impossible for me to of rid get not could I as day, that protests festive the in join and up cheer again scarecrows the encountered I mind. my in imaginarycemetery the cuts that road the Street, İcadiye along walking while 2011, in February were they time This sea. the to down leads and neighborhood the across attached on to display, trees along the road, dressed and made to look as imagine to them not me for impossible was but It beings. human like Kuzguncuk. leave to had who of non-Muslims ghosts the the ory of the place began to change once I started reading Mills’ book. One One book. Mills’ reading started I once change to began place of ory the Ilya’s about was disturbances first of the 212 NEW PERSPECTIVES ON TURKEY context in her examination of the Turkification of İstanbul and shows and Turkificationİstanbulthe of of examination her in context the transformation of inhabited urban space. Mills puts this history into through Turkishnation the of narrative a produces Turkishstate the how demonstrates Mills citizens, Greek of deportation 1964 the and Republic,Wealth1942-43 the Tax,pogroms,6-7,1955 September the state policies such the as “Citizen Speak Turkish” the Campaign early of nostalgic and history ethnic harmoniousmulti-placewith a İstanbul as geography of imaginary the in image powerful a has whichKuzguncuk, present-day contextof ban ethnic discrimination. historypainful of a silence and obscure toneighborhood,works thecurrentlygentrifying urbanites educated secular by voiced discourse, multi-culturalist a via history cosmopolitan this revoking how shows Mills associations. itan dential urban fabric in the neighborhood and its re-processed cosmopol- only economic, but also cultural capital, in the form of the historical notresi - appropriating of capable urbanites upper-middle-class to ground, from lower-middle-class immigrants or residents of working-class back- property of transfer the involved whichgentrification, of way by time thisplace, took transformation urban another 1980s,Turks. the After Muslim incoming to Greeks) andJews, (Armenians,non-Muslims ing propertytransferwith fromleav dotransformation to lot ticular a had par Thisİstanbul. to region Sea Black the from coming background population of the neighborhood by Muslim Turkish immigrants of rural simultaneousnon-Muslimsa awayand fromKuzguncuk emigrationof involuntarythe Kuzguncuklu of historytheolmak ). was In1950s,theit sons for coming and leaving, their narratives belongingof (what is called reaneighborhood,theirthe occupying populations of profilescultural the production belonging to the of neighborhood. in manifest is nation the to belonging how show nation,to the of scale place. Mills links the scale theof street to that theof city and then to the and non-Muslims who have common—yet often conflicting—claims to MuslimTurks ordinary among life urbaneveryday in performed is tity lective memory, Mills explains the ways in which Turkish national iden- col- of locus the as streetthenation. theFocusingon imagining of cess pro the in play to roleintegral an has landscape the transformationof cultural urban the how showing and first landscape and place putting geographer,cultural a of perspective the from identity national of tion - ques the approaches Mills place. in situatedness their in identity and Streets of Memory investigates the intersections nationalism,of ethnicity, Chapter One gives the historical background to the particular ur particular the to background historical the gives One Chapter changing the to related is transformationurban how explains Mills Book Reviews character. Dwelling on nationalist on character.mahalle Dwelling - - - - - NEW PERSPECTIVES ON TURKEY 213 - - - - - relations. Mills mahalle relations. bostan as a contested place Association, Association, Kuzguncuklular mahalle life, is used to create an demonstrates that that demonstrates Memory of Streets . Mills shows the ways in which which in ways the shows Mills . bostan belongs bostan to the people of - Kuzgun bostan becomes a symbol “lost ofthe ob İstanbul,” in the case of Kuzguncuk, is an ideological act that works works case act that of in the is mahalle ideological an Kuzguncuk, In Chapter Two, Mills analyzes how the nostalgic image ofimage nostalgic - the Kuzgun how Mills analyzes Two, Chapter In In In Chapter Mills Three, focuses on the brings Chapter together a Four variety of on perspectives the events how how the residents inhabit the nationalizing city and make sense of the imaginary. national state’s cuk—aspeaceful multi- accommodating a neighborhood cosmopolitan ethnic, multi-religious, multi-cultural co-existence—is on Focusing between the relationship the and material environment its constructed. image, Mills shows the ways in which the material urban fabric, rep resented as evidence of undestroyed Kuzguncuk. in ofauthenticity aura imagination, which is invokes representations, closely connected to the by drawing on the socialhow ground,” the production “on of landscape Kuzguncuk is defined by “real” in its popular representations television series that re-enact and old-fashioned celebrate explains explains “landscape” how is created in the image of collective memory - present and forth called is environment built material the then how and In landscape. the by represented narrative ofthe evidence objective as ed each of constitutive are memory and place how shows Mills words, other explains asThis how landscape an production, imagined harmo other. nious nious facts of the erase production. its to and on how visions of its pasts and futures reveal competing claims to which define the neighborhood, belonging to or from the exclusion na the by struggle the how explains Mills tion. “The voiced under the banner transmits cuk,” not easily visible signs of an obscured cultural politics. In this picture, the ject of nostalgic longing for an imagined past adorned with memories This nostalgic of view tolerance. of a harmonious past is challenged by by ofislast the that voiced descendant perspective the non-Muslim the the own to used who family Greek the dominant politics of nationalism and identity by performed the or residents of Kuzguncuk dinary relate to Turkish) Muslim (dominantly uneasy such issues, as property non-Muslim confiscated by the state in twentieth the in İstanbul in ofnon-Muslims histories the and particular in general. century - oth each with conversation into ofthem puts and 1955 September 6-7 er as they converge on the attacks on non-Muslim property on İcadiye - sug memory collective of normative narratives how Mills shows Street. these although riots have never “the happened in Kuzguncuk,” gest that 214 NEW PERSPECTIVES ON TURKEY İstanbul with regard to a hierarchy of culturedness. Accordingto comingto this migrants- hi rural the inferiorizing and divide rural-urban the cuk, but they also re-enacted the elite İstanbulite discourse emphasizing Kuzgun- to attachment continued a maintained only not TelAviv in an ethnicmember minorityof in Turkey. Meanwhile, in tolerance of a being about tension a expressed discourse they themselvespublic,among while positive a voicing cases some in were they community’sethnictheir increase would this thatvulnerability. Indeed, fearnon-Muslims,the to against negative eventsdue past about openly talk to want not now—did Kuzguncuk in living necessarily are all not not.were former Aviv and saw that the latter were openly narrating their stories while the andİstanbulTel in both Kuzguncuk Jewsfrom with interviews ducted of identitythe maintaining and structing practices oppressive of propriety. to aneighborhood community realized is only at the price minuscule of the construction national of identity. This chapter shows that belonging neighboring practices, Mills makes a case that gender also plays a role in their of dynamics the and women Muslim and minority poor the ing analyz- By visiting. reciprocal and spontaneous, ongoing, of habit the involves that tactic socio-spatial a as author the by defined komşuluk, r msl hueie. hs rvns h fre fo establishing from old-fashioned former the prevents This housewives. mostly are who origin, Sea Black of women the than privacy personal more want how the recently arrived, economically and socially more mobile women shows She women. Muslim conservative, sometimes and immigrated, recently more the and inter-married have who women minority poor andmiddle- upper-middle-class women, with neighborhood life among arrivedrecently and origin Sea Black of women resident long-term of history.traumaticlocal a traypracticesneighboringcompares the Mills be to work and relations neighboring their govern propriety how of rules and women, among relations neighborhood convivial in duced reprodifferencesand livedethnicare howshows Mills Kuzguncuk. in its own propriety—a nostalgia that the is silence. flip side of hood emerges a nostalgia for a unifying nation-state memory producing thethat riots thethere memoryin in of neighbor grieving noopen was fact the frommourned, not destroyed.past From a was there life hood neighborcosmopolitanactually how about silence a entailed have and all on effects traumatizing had have days historical two In Chapter Six, Mills focuses on the role of the neighborhood in con - Chapter Five analyzes the role of gender in belonging and exclusionand belonging in gender of rolethe Fiveanalyzes Chapter lk te i te eieta cmuiy through community residential the in ties mahalle-like Jews who continue to live in İstanbul— in live tocontinue who JewsKuzguncuklu Book Reviews Jews. Mills conKuzguncukluJews.- Mills Kuzguncuklu Jews Kuzguncuklus - - - - NEW PERSPECTIVES ON TURKEY 215 - In In 4 This would 1 both marked by a 2 Third, to demonstrate that to demonstrate Third, 3 *** Geographical Review 95, no.3 (2005): 441-62), but I could not , vol. 3, İstanbul: Tarih Vakfı, 1993, 348-54. 1993, Vakfı, Tarih İstanbul: 3, vol. Ansiklopedisi, İstanbul Bugüne Dünden , vol. 3, İstanbul: Tarih Vakfı, 1993, 281. Vakfı, Dünden Bugüne İstanbul Ansiklopedisi, vol. 3, İstanbul: Tarih Nur Akın, “Fener,” Here I refer to the pogroms of September 6-7, 1955. “Galata,” İnalcık, Halil I have also reviewed Mills’ own article that she gives as reference scapes. Cultural here Identity (“Narratives in Istanbul,” in City Land- find any mention of Güler’s Armenian identity. There There is some ambiguity in the way in which Mills tells the story tographer Ara Güler’s photographs of photographs Ara Güler’s 1950s tographer on Beyoğlu, displayed the iswhich walls himself owned of by Café, the photographer 21). Ara (p. she falls ofshort Güler Ara Here, himselfadding that isArmenian. the historical landscape is consumed through its nostalgic images, Mills images, nostalgic its through is consumed landscape historical the gives the example of postcards and reproductions of the famous pho predominance predominance of Black Sea immigrants. Second, giving a short history of Beyoğlu from the turn of the nineteenth to the twentieth century, Mills writes that here ports were developed for trade with European sounds as It if21). (p. a port countries in first the this for emerged area time In in fact, a the nineteenth port century. existed in Galata at least the since time of I Constantine (324-337). 1 2 3 4 erarchy, minorities, together with minorities, old are secular- the hold İstanbulites, erarchy, culture. İstanbul “true” ofers (pre-Turkification) There is some minor information missing from the book: First, when Mills writes about the population profiles of several historically non- to two last the within gentrification undergoing neighborhoods Muslim she three decades, fails to mention the Black Sea immigrants who have been populating Fener beginning with the 1940s (p. 20). have have been interesting to know in terms of thinking about the - similari non- their regarding Kuzguncuk and Fener between differences and ties Muslim pasts and post-1955 ethnic compositions, other words, in other words, this case the ofproducer such images is a non-Muslim. This would have been relevant to the discussion of the consumption of in - form the com neighborhoods cultural ofnon-Muslim historically modities in cases of gentrification (whose cultural value derive partly from their non-Muslim pasts). Indeed, Ara Café is an establishment of Beyoğlu. gentrification the to contributes that of how immigrants to in İstanbul the 1860s rode the newly introduced them of some how and İstanbul to region Sea Black the from steamboats settled in Bosporus villages such asof First 41). Kuzguncuk it (p. all, is of one villagesnineteenth- that those in which knows she how clear not 216 NEW PERSPECTIVES ON TURKEY and intellectuals. artists by populated being for Yorkknown Newneighborhood, mous companythementon website that Tribecaeponytheafter- named was 1997, is a good example. The founder theof company notes in his state in founded and consultancy communication in specializing company a research). Tribeca,of time her (during Mills by listed those among ing - miss also worldarethe over neighborhoods all gentrifying in common are that relations) public consultancy, communication advertising, as sea (p. 45). Similarly, businesses in up-and-coming “soft” industries (such Babaİsmet cuk,” the aboutforgetting immigrants from the Black to İstanbul. Sea the was it if as sounds it ing: live and work there. But the way in which Mills tells this story is confus- to immigrants incoming for accessible former the making İstanbul, to the that stand 1865. Wein street main thealong shops 500 burntunderthat fire big a by swept areamarket the restorationof the after Kuzguncuk, in tion İstanbul.within explainshow the Mills company firststaboatits built companysteamboatsrunning intra-city an as 1854 foundedin was riye century immigrants settled was Kuzguncuk. was settled immigrantscentury 6 5 1960s? If thisthe1960s? If is case, then aclarification expression of needed. is whiletheir impact onthe neighborhood became visibleonly later the in migrants started settling in Kuzguncuk in the late 1930s and the 1940s,- im that say to mean she does expression: of matter a is this Perhaps Kuzguncuk.”impact to began migration rural writes: 1960s “Afterthe urban Turkish Muslim migration to Kuzguncuk,” while on page 198 she rural- of wavesignificant first the witnessed […] 1940s and 1930s late that notes she“the 191, page On Kuzguncuk. into flowed origins rural Turkishwith Muslim exactlyimmigrants when about information ent to other such both in cases local and global terms. better idea about the Kuzguncuk’s story of gentrification comparisonin a us gives story the of dimension this aboutmuch. Knowing very liked had he which and past the in lived had Tribeca,tohe wheresimilar as Mills notes that “today there are no thatare therenotes“today Mills On two different pages in the last chapter, Mill gives us inconsist- us gives chapter,Mill last the in pages different two On &hnd=1&ord=1&docId=151&fop=0 (AccessedonMarch 2, 2011). http://www.tribeca.com.tr/default.asp?lang=0&pId=2&fId=1&prnId=2 Danışmanlık, İletişim Tribeca this article. Sylvia Kedourie ed., 1-32 (Portland, Ore.: Cass, 1999). I could not find any clarification of this point in ditions in Nineteenth Century Anatolia,” in Again, reviewing Mills’ source does not help: Christopher Clay, “Labor Migration and Economic Con- boat service thus connected Kuzguncuk connected thus service boat Hayriye Şirket-i 6 For Kuzguncuk struck the co-founder theof business Book Reviews steamboats that carried that steamboats Hayriye Şirket-i Turkey Before and After Atatürk: Internal and External Affairs, next to Çınaraltı by the by Çınaraltı to next meyhane [taverns] in Kuzgun - in [taverns] meyhanes 5 Second, the Second, Şirket-i Hay- Şirket-i - - - NEW PERSPECTIVES ON TURKEY 217 - - - - ties and harmo mahalle mahalle life becomes in- *** shows how Kuzguncuk, Kuzguncuk, how shows Memory of Streets Streets Streets of Memory makes - a novel contribu The The cultural politics of national identity work through the urban Derya Özkan Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich tegral tegral to the production of cultural capital through urban space in the . mahalle non-Muslim of historically this of gentrification form the contesta and reproduction the in role integral an plays which landscape, ban ban The residents. author shows how urban residents appropriate the national narrative produced by the state, how they make it their own book discussesThe the to extent viawith an identification urban place. which the state has primacy in producing the and nation, the extent to have power which to ordinary residents sustain or - to nation dismantle words, other In ideology. alist its close known for neighborhood a gentrifying nious multi-ethnic past, through its and commodification, production, isideology nationalist which through medium a becomes interpretation for nostalgia the that argues Mills residents. urban for meaningful made Furthermore, narrative. state the of privatization a is past cosmopolitan a the imagination of a harmonious multi-ethnic tion of national imaginaries. tion to the study of national by identity in locating Turkey it in urban nation the of maintaining and making the spatializing thereby and space through urban everyday residents’ practices. It also demonstrates very well the connections between the production of national identity and that of urban space through its focus on gentrification as a process in which local history becomes cultural commodity; thus, it also contrib in İstanbul. gentrification on literature the to utes Mills’ Mills’ book raises questions about the assumed top-down process of nation-making that is authored by the state and only adopted by ur NEW PERSPECTIVES O N T U R K E Y No. 44 | Spring 2011

ISSN 1305-3299

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