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Cross-Border Diaries Cross-Border FRONTIÈRES ET INTÉGRATIONS EN AFRIQUE DE L’OUEST WEST AFRICAN BORDERS AND INTEGRATION Special Edition, February 2007 February Edition, Special CROSS-BORDER DIARIES BULLETIN ON WEST AFRICAN LOCAL-REGIONAL REALITIES With the support of the Sahel and West Africa Club Special report FOOD SECURITY www.afriquefrontieres.org A CROSS-BORDER ISSUE CROSS-BORDER DIARIES SUMMARY Special Edition February 2007 Editorial : FOOD SECURITY, markets’ ACCESSIBILITY QUESTION, p.5 Special report : FOOD SECURITY AND CROSS-BORDER TRADE IN THE KANO-KATSINA-MARADI (K²M) CORRIDOR • THE CONTEXT OF THE 2005 FOOD CRISIS IN NIGER, P.14 • THE “CEREAL-LIVESTOCK COMPLEX”, P.16 • WHAT PERSPECTIVES? P.17 • THE FOOD CRISIS PREVENTION NEtwORK IN THE SAHEL, P.18 Interviews • BUILDING ON COMPLEMENTARITIES, NORMAND LAUZON AND JEAN S. ZOUNDI / SWAC, P.19 • «THE PROBLEM AND SOLUTION IS NIGERIA.», MICHELE FALAVIGNA / PNUD-NIGER, P.23 The Cross-border Diaries are published both in French and English. • REGIONAL SUPPORT PROGRAMME FOR MARKET ACCESS, available on www.oecd.org/sah MOUSSA CISSÉ / CILSS-BURKINA FASO, P.25 www.afriquefrontieres.org In editorial and financial partnership with the Sahel and West Africa Club-OECD • «CROSS-BORDER ISSUES ARE IMPORTANT TODAY», LAOUALI IBRAHIM / FEWS NET, P.26 Responsible : Marie Trémolières SWAC-OECD 2 rue A. Pascal 75116 Paris-France T: +33 1 45 24 89 68 F: +33 1 45 24 90 31 [email protected] Report : Sénégambie Méridionale Editor : Guy-Michel Bolouvi Sud Communication (Sud-Com Niger) BP 12952 Niamey-Niger …THE CROSS-BORDER NEtwORK OF SENEGAMBIAN COMMUNITY RADIO STATIONS T: +227 96 98 20 50 F: +227 20 75 50 92 Professionalisation for Integration building, P.5 [email protected] With contributions by … HE REATION OF A EtwORK OF ENEGAMBIAN EEKEEPING ROFESSIONALS T C N S B P Guy-Michel Bolouvi, Philipp Heinrigs, Impetus for a Growing Regional Sector, P.8 Léonidas Hitimana, Emmanuel Salliot, Marie Trémolières, Jean Zoundi Translation Leslie Diamond Printing OECD This publication’s content meeTING only represents its authors’views. • DEVELOPmeNT OF BOrder REGIONS IN AFriCA, © Copyright : All rights reserved. No part of this publication FOCusiNG ON NiGeria AND ITS NeiGHBOurs, P.11 may be reproduced, stored in a retrivial system or transmitted in any form or by means, electronic, photocopying, recording or other- wise without the prior permission of the SWAC-OECD. EDITORIAL FOOD SECURITY, MARKETS’ ACCESSIBILITY QUESTION he market’s role in the Taccessibility to food resources by the most impoverished populations enables a better understanding of the importance of the economic pole of the 3 villages of Kano, Katsina and Maradi in terms of food security. It constitutes a corridor of intense trade of manufactured goods and agricultural products which are determining components of food challenges for the region. While the populations’ needs of the two countries drive most of the demand, the needs of the Niger processing industry continue to increase. This cross-border economic hub not only concerns Niger and Nigeria, it extends to all of the economic actors trading in regional agricultural products. Thus international organisations, government authorities and donors should be aware of the importance of the regular monitoring of markets and their functioning. In another cross-border area, in Sénégambie méridionale, emphasis is placed on the development of Cereal Trade on the Maradi Market (Southern Niger), Border with Northern Nigeria. apiculture production industry and the use of a community radio network in order to stimulate the economy.• The Editors CROSS-BORDER DIARIES FEBRUARY 2007 CROSS-BORDER NETWORKS SÉNÉGAMBIE MERIDIONALE (Senegal, the Gambia, Guinea Bissau) By Emmanuel Salliot, Enda Diapol Support for cross-border cooperation initiatives are continuing in Sénégambie méridionale, the result of a budding and promising collaboration between the SWAC, GTZ Procas and Enda Diapol. Focus on the launching of two initiatives during the last quarter of 2006. In view of the serious stakes affecting economic accessibility and conflict management, priority has been given to the professionalisation of community radio stations and support to certain inte- gration-oriented productive sectors, such as honey or cashew nuts. There are very good prospects today for the sustainability of these initiatives. THE CROSS-BORDER NETWORK OF SENEGAMBIAN COMMUNITY RADIO STATIONS PROFESSIONALISATION FOR INTEGRATION BUILDING meeting was held in THE CROSS-BORDER NETWORK OF SENEGAMBIAN COMMUNITY RADIO STATIONS IS Djalicunda (Oio region– A TOOL FOR PROFESSIONALS AND POPULATIONS AN IMPETUS FOR PEACE AND FREE Guinea Bissau) from , A CIRCULATION OF PEOPLE AND GOODS 10 to 14 September 200 in . the Kafo Farmers’ Federation offices. • Organise quarterly meetings; to the network the laws on • Identify the common problems Eight community radio stations • Prepare a training plan free circulation of people and of member radio stations and were represented in the meeting. including communication goods; find adequate solutions so as to For three days, sixteen Gambian, techniques in conflict areas; • Understand completely formulate a common financing Bissau Guinean, and Senegalese • Organise training sessions ECOWAS laws on the free project for the network; participants shared the same every six months; circulation of people and • Support the radio stations in observations: permanent climate • Conduct visits and exchanges goods, produce and broadcast defining their financial policies; of insecurity, obstacles to carry of experience between radio programmes; • Exchange experiences between out their profession, dilapidated stations every three months; • Produce and broadcast radio stations on financing equipment, voluntary services, • Exchange programmes; programmes on human rights problems and solutions; etc. • Create a web-site for the (e.g. : violence against women); • Protect the independence They discussed the most network; and • Negotiate a discussion of community radio stations appropriate strategies to enable • Support member radio stations framework with administrative with respect to pressure groups these radio stations broadcasting in defining the minimum authorities; (solidarity); in border zones to actively play qualifications required for the • Use the network of actors of • Prepare a procedures manual their role in the development recruitment of journalists and the ECOWAS Cross-border and tools for the self-regulation of “exit from crisis” village reporters. Initiatives Programme and of radio stations in ethics and communities. develop their initiatives; and compliance with national laws, At the end of the meeting, a Objective 2 • Carry our joint production of which regulate the management cross-border action plan was “Raise the populations’ programmes. of the media; adopted and the Cross-border awareness regarding their • Set up a surveillance and alert Community Radio Network rights and duties” Objective 3 mechanism within the network (RETRARC) of Sénégambie “Strengthen the autonomy for actions by pressure groups; méridionale was created. • Request ECOWAS to transmit of community radio stations” • Provide advocacy for laws Currently made up of one Gambian radio station, two Bissau Guinean radio stations, “IDENTIFICATION SHEET” OF THE NETWORK and five Senegalese radio Organisation Method Network managed by a Principal Coordinator and three National Coordinators stations, the network has the Name “Cross-border Community Radio Network (RETRARC) of Sénégambie méridionale” following objectives: (Senegal, Guinea Bissau, the Gambia: “Guisengamb”) All the radio stations present in the Djalicunda workshop, and those that will apply for Members Objective 1 membership at a later date “Upgrade the skills of The network will be managed by an Executive Committee comprising the managers of member radio stations” the following radio stations: - Voz de Djalicunda (Guinea Bissau) • Prepare a directory of addresses - AD Kassoumay (Sao Domingos – Guinea Bissau) (telephone and e-mail) of the Management - Dioulacolon (Kolda Department - Senegal) group’s member radio stations; Body - FM Awaña (Bignona Department – Senegal) • Identify the training needs of - Radio de la paix de Sindian (Bignona Department – Senegal) the members; - Radio Diouloulou (Bignona Department – Senegal) - Brikama’s radio ( Western Division of the Gambia) • Identify internal and external - Radio Kassoumay (Ziguinchor Department – Senegal) skills; - ACSAS (Sédhiou Department – Senegal) CROSS-BORDER DIARIES FEBRUARY 2007 that ensure more protection for • Set up a solidarity mechanism of the action plan. They will primarily enable the journalists and radio stations; for member radio stations in the The workshop will also be an conception and production of • Strengthen dialogue with the network (e.g.: equipment). opportunity for validating the information sheets in Pulaar, authorities; by-laws, including an Ethics Mandingo, Creole and Joola on • Conduct negotiations for better The second meeting of the Charter on the handling of ECOWAS laws and regulations rates of programmes for NGOs network will take place in sensitive information in post- relating to the free circulation (definition of common rates?); Bignona (Senegal) in February conflict zones. of people and goods, and also • Exchange information 200, with the aim of rapidly train broadcasters responsible regarding the different partners; integrating new stations In the very near future, a training for broadcasting them. • Help each other within
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