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SÕJATEADLANE Estonian Journal of Military Studies 1 / 2016 SÕJATEADLANE Estonian Journal of Military Studies 1 / 2016 KAITSEVÄE ÜHENDATUD ÕPPEASUTUSED SÕJATEADLANE Estonian Journal of Military Studies ENDC OCCASIONAL PAPERS 1 / 2016 SÕJATEADLANE ESTIONIAN JOURNAL OF MILITARY STUDIES Peatoimetaja / Editor-in-chief: Andres Saumets (Estonia) Toimetuskolleegium / Editorial Board: Sten Allik (Estonia) Andreas Pawlas (Germany) Wilfried Gerhard (Germany) Claus Freiherr von Rosen (Germany) Ken Kalling (Estonia) Karl Salum (Estonia) Jörg Keller (Germany) Vladimir Sazonov (Estonia) Vitali Lokk (Estonia) Volker Stümke (Germany) Enno Mõts (Estonia) René Värk (Estonia) Erik Männik (Estonia) Keeletoimetajad / Language Editors: Collin W. Hakkinen (USA) Epp Leete (Estonia) Kristiina Haug (Estonia) Argo Mund (Estonia) Reet Hendrikson (Estonia) Amy Christine Tserenkova (USA) Marika Kullamaa (Estonia) Nõuandev kogu / International Advisory Committee: Martin Herem (Committee Manager, Estonia) Rain Liivoja (Australia) Hubert Annen (Switzerland) Gale A. Mattox (USA) Richard H. Clevenger (USA) Ago Pajur (Estonia) Angelika Dörfl er-Dierken (Germany) Robert Rollinger (Austria) Sharon M. Freeman-Clevenger (USA) Michael N. Schmitt (USA) Thomas R. Kämmerer (Germany) Peeter Tulviste (Estonia) Jakob Kübarsepp (Estonia) Martti Turtola (Finland) Ants Laaneots (Estonia) Zdzislaw Sliva (Poland) Tõnu Lehtsaar (Estonia) Sõjateadlane (Estonian Journal of Military Studies) on Kaitseväe Ühendatud Õppeasutustes väljaan- tav, eelretsenseeritav ja rahvusvahelise toimetuskolleegiumiga sõjateaduslik ajakiri. Sõjateadlane (Estonian Journal of Military Studies), the journal of the Estonian National Defence College (ENDC) is a peer-reviewed military journal with an international board of editors and open to international contributors. Väljaandja ja autoriõigus / Publisher and Copyright: Kaitseväe Ühendatud Õppeasutused, 2016 Toimetuse kontakt / Editorial Contact: Riia 12, 51013 Tartu, Estonia Tel: +372 717 6207 E-mail: [email protected] Ajakirja koduleht / Homepage of the Journal: www.ksk.edu.ee/publikatsioonid Kaastööd / Address for Submission: [email protected] Kirjastus / Publishing House: Eesti Ülikoolide Kirjastus, www.eyk.ee ISSN 2461-4378 (print) ISSN 2461-4386 (online) SISUKORD KVÜÕA TOIMETISTEST SÕJATEADLASEKS ............................... 7 Andres Saumets, Sten Allik GEOGRAPHIC SUPPORT REQUIREMENTS FOR FUTURE NATO JOINT EXPEDITIONARY MISSIONS .................................................. 11 Andris Sprivul PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACTS IN MILITARY VOLUNTARY ORGANISATION: THE ESSENCE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACTS .......................................................................................... 41 Silva Kiili RESEARCH REPORT: THE INITIAL RESULTS OF ADOPTING THE TRANSFORMATIONAL-TRANSACTIONAL LEADERSHIP INVENTORY IN THE ESTONIAN CONTEXT ................................... 74 Antek Kasemaa, Kadi Liik, Heldur Meerits TEENISTUSSOORITUSE EDUKUST ENNUSTAVAD TEGURID KAITSEVÄE ÜHENDATUD ÕPPEASUTUSTE 14. PÕHIKURSUSE NÄITEL ................................................................. 96 Ivo Silbaum, Kersti Kõiv AJATEENISTUSE KESKKOND KOHANEMISE TOETAJANA ........ 133 Karel Kattai, Kristjan Kask AJATEENIJATE NOOREMALLOHVITSERIDE KURSUSEL KASUTATAVATE ÕPPEMEETODITE VALIK .................................... 165 Madis Amer, Svetlana Ganina PUNAARMEE RAHVUSVÄEOSAD AASTATEL 1918–1922 ............ 190 Igor Kopõtin 6SISUKORD SÕDIMISVÕIMELISE SÕDURI TÄHENDUSEST WOLF GRAF VON BAUDISSINI JÄRGI .............................................. 216 Claus Freiherr von Rosen RAAMATUARVUSTUS ........................................................................ 236 Igor Kopõtin SUMMARIES IN ENGLISH ................................................................. 241 AUTORID – CONTRIBUTORS ............................................................. 247 KVÜÕA TOIMETISTEST SÕJATEADLASEKS SAATESÕNAD Head lugejad! Te hoiate käes esimest Sõjateadlase (Estonian Journal of Military Studies) numbrit, mis võtab teatepulga üle juba kolmteist aastat ilmunud KVÜÕA toimetistelt. Tegemist ei ole vormilt ja sisult läbini uue teadusajakirjaga1, vaid pigem uue etapiga nende muudatuste protsessis, mis sai juba mõne aasta eest alguse KVÜÕA toimetistes kui Eesti ainsas eelretsenseeritavas sõjateadusli- kus ajakirjas. Alates toimetiste 19. numbrist aastal 2014 on üha intensiivse- malt püütud suurendada ajakirja lugejate ringi ja rakenduslikkust eelkõige kaitseväelastest lugejate jaoks. Toimetuskolleegiumina loodame, et sellele lisandub nüüdsest veelgi rohkem sõjateadust. Sõjateadlane tahab toimida sillana ning lõimijana teaduse ja sõjanduse, ühiskonna ja kaitsejõudude, aka- deemilise hariduse ja sõjaväelise väljaõppe vahel. Sedamööda on KVÜÕA sillapeaks, millelt lähtub sõjateadusliku mõtte areng ja levitamine. KVÜÕA on Eesti ainsa sõjaväelist haridust andva õppeasutusena täit- nud tähtsat ja tänuväärset ülesannet mõtlemisvõimeliste, vastutustund- like ja professionaalsete sõjaväeliste juhtide koolitamisel. Seda on peegel- danud ka ajakirjas keskmisest sagedamini käsitlemist leidnud te e m a d : juhtimisõpe, sõjaväepedagoogika ja -psühholoogia, strateegia, sõjaajalugu jt. Võime lünkade leidmiseks ja nende kõrvaldamiseks on vaja Kaitseväes eesmärgistatud teadus- ja arendustegevust, mis pakuks tuge teaduspõhisele võimearendusele. Nii juhindutakse kaastööde valikul ka edaspidi ennekõike nendest uurimustest, mis toetavad võimearenduseks vajalikke pädevusi. Arvestades KVÜÕA-l lasuvat vastutust oluliste teadus- ja arendusalaste üldpädevuste (operatsioonianalüüs, sõjaväeline juhtimine ja pedagoogika, ressursi haldus ja tehnoloogia) süsteemse arendamise eest, pakub teadusaja- kiri rakenduslikku väljundit ennekõike just nende uurimisvaldkondade tea- dus- ja arendustegevusele. Eesmärgipärane valik ja interdistsiplinaarne teos- tus, praktikas rakendatavad ja akadeemiliselt kõrgetasemelised kaastööd, kodumaist sõjateaduslikku mõtet ja omakeelset terminoloogiat arendav ning 1 Aastatel 1925 ja 1938–1940 ilmus kirjastuse Sõdur väljaandena sõjateaduslikele käsit- lustele keskendunud ajakiri Sõjateadlane. 2016. aastal alustava Sõjateadlase näol ei ole tegemist kunagise väljaande otsese mantlipärijaga. Pigem väljendab selle nime taaskasutusele võtmine soovi jätkata kodumaist sõjateadusliku mõtte ja sõna traditsiooni. Sellega tehakse ühtlasi kummardus mineviku sõjateaduslikule pärandile. 8SAATESÕNAD rahvusvahelisi kogemusi kaasav ja arvesse võttev teadusajakiri – need on vaid mõned mõistepaarid, mis võiksid iseloomustada Sõjateadlast. KVÜÕA roll kaitsealases teadus- ja arendustegevuses on viimaste aasta- tega märgatavalt suurenenud. Dokumendi „Kaitseministeeriumi valitsemis- ala teadus- ja arenduspoliitika 2014–2022” järgi on arendatud KVÜÕA-d sõjateaduse keskuseks. KVÜÕA rakendusuuringute keskuse ülema kol-ltn Sten Alliku sõnul tähendab „sõjateaduse keskus /…/ poliitika eesmärkide ja põhimõtete valguses suutlikkust tagada kaitsealase teadus- ja arendus- tegevuse kõrge kvaliteet, sidudes ühte militaar- ja tsiviilteadlaste teadmised, oskused ja pingutused”2. Vastutuskoorem, mida tuleb kanda nimetatud ees- märgi täitmisel, ei ole kergete killast. Ometi ei leia Eestis kehtivate teadusvaldkondade klassifi kaatorite hulgast ikka veel sõjateadust. Sellele vaatamata kuuluvad just sõjaväes viljeletud teadmised ja nende rakendamine teadusliku tunnetuse vanimate alade hulka, sest juba nii vanad kreeklased ja roomlased kui ka pärslased ja hiinlased on aastatuhandete eest intensiivselt tegelenud sõjaväe juhtimise ning sõja- lise jõu tõhusa rakendamise küsimustega. Austria sõjateadlane kol Andreas Thalhammer on ühes uurimuses sõnastanud sõjateaduse eesmärgi järg miselt: „relvajõudude kasutamist puudutavate teadmiste genereerimine ja avarda- mine ning lahingutegevuses rakendamine teadusliku uurimistöö kaudu, nende teadmiste edasiandmine õppetöös, ent ka institutsioonilise raamis- tiku kujundamine nii militaarsfääris kui väljaspool, milles seda kõike kor- raldatakse ja sellega tegeletakse. /…/ Teaduslik uurimistöö on sealjuures uute teadmiste metoodiline otsimine ja nende süsteemne dokumenteerimine ning avaldamine teaduslike publikatsioonide vormis. Õppetöö on teadusliku uuri- mistöö põhitõdede ja teadmiste edasiandmine õppijatele. See sisaldab enne- kõike uusimate uurimistulemuste esitamist ja erialadest ülevaadete vahen- damist. Institutsiooniline raamistik, milles sõjateadust viljeletakse, paneb paika nii väljaõppe- kui ka formaalsed kvalifi katsioonitasemed.”3 Selle defi nitsiooni olulisemad märksõnad – teaduslik uurimistöö, teaduspõhine õppetöö ja sobiv institutsiooniline raamistik – juhivad tähelepanu nendele võtmeteguritele, millele KVÜÕA peaks sõjateaduse keskuseks kujunemisel tähelepanu pöörama. Esmalt aga tuleb anda panus selle nimel, et sõjateadust tunnustataks Eestis iseseisva teadusdistsipliinina. Mida selleks teha? Sõjateaduse üks olulisimaid 2 Allik, Sten 2015. Sõjateadusest täna ja homme. – Sõdur, nr 5, lk 20. [Allik 2015] 3 Thalhammer, Andreas 2012. Militärwissenschaften – Begriff, internationale Verwen- dung und Akzeptanz. – Schriftenreihe der Landesverteidigungsakademie, 7, Wien, S. 26. SAATESÕNAD 9 aspekte on vaieldamatult sõjaväeline juhtimine. See on üks valdkondadest, milles haridusmonopol on ühiskonnas relvajõudude, täpsemalt sõjaväeliste õppeasutute käes. Sõjaväelise juhtimise põhitõdede rakenda misel relvas- tatud konfl iktides, rahvusvahelistes rahutagamisoperatsioonides ja humani- taarmissioonides, aga ka näiteks kriisi- ja katastroofi abis on relva jõudude kest likkusele ja edule otsustav tähendus. KVÜÕA üks põhiüles annetest on panustamine sõjateaduse
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