Ärehivexerpplaf Unikat slnarNichtveräusserlich Sinar Autoaperture InstructionManual $nar 1.Before you start lntroduction

We congratulateyou on your purchaseof your SinarAuto- apertureShutter and we appreciateyour confidencein our products.We are convincedthat the SinarAutoaper- ture Shutterwill add significantconvenience to your work. Its robustand preciseconstruction will bringyou longand trouble-free operation. The SinarAutoaperture Shutter is a mechanicallycontrol- led, self-cockingbehind-the-lens shutter with an auto- maticspring-loaded that can be used with all Sinaronlenses as well as manvother lenses currentlv on the market.

Beforeyou use your Sinar AutoapertureShutter for the firsttime, pleaseread this InstructionManual carefully. lt will help you to use the shuttercorrectly, thus avoiding difficultiesthat mightarise from improperuse. lf you haveany commentsor recommendationsregarding your Sinar AutoapertureShutter or this InstructionMan- ual, please do not hesitateto send us your opinionsin writing. We sincerelywish you much satisfactionin workingwith the Sinar AutoapertureShutter and gratifyingsuccess with your .

For those in a hurry

lf you are in a big rush, at the very least read the Abbre- viated lnstructionson Page 4. But in order to use the SinarAutoaperture Shutter to your bestadvantage, we do recommendthat sometimelater you readthe full operat- ing instructionsall the way through.

Sinar Autoapertule Shutter $nar Operating Gomponents

'1 Shutter-open indicator ------ShutterSpeed SelectionLever

LockingLever (red)

6 ClosureIndex

7 ClosingLever (red) Front View 8 ApertureCoupler t CableRelease

z Aperturesetection rnon ]

3 OrientationDol FlashContact

FlashCord

AutomaticInterlock Rear View 1 Shutter-openindicator

4 ShutterSpeed IJ Latch SelectionLever Locking 14 SwivelingSpring 5 LockingLever (red)- 6 ClosureIndex ------< 7 ClosingLever (red)

Q flrhla Flalaaeo I 15Aperture Scale I I 2 ApertureSelection Knob

17 Recessfor FilterHolder

16 RetainingSpring

18 Recessfor Filter

Sinar Autoaperture Shutter $nar Abbreviated I nstruct ions

TheseAbbreviated Instructions are designedto give you an overviewof the use of the SinarAutoaperture Shutter. Detailed informationis provided in Chapter 4, Operating the Shutter,starting on page 17.

The Sinar AutoapertureShutter requires lenses in auto- aperturemounts (DB or DBM) or in conventionalmounts (NF).Lenses with between-the-lensshutters can only be usedwith limitations.In this case,the automaticfunctions can not be guaranteed.Furthermore, there is the risk of damagingthe shutterblades. The use of such lensesis at your own risk! 1. Whenthe shutterblades are closed,open the shutter by pressingthe lockinglever (5) (Shutter-openIndi- cator(1) becomesvisible). 2. Attachthe shutterto the backof the lensstandard and lock it. Makesure that the flashconnection is on the leftside when seenfrom the focusingscreen. 3. Attachthe bellowsto the backof the shutter.Check thatthe latchesfor the lensstandard, the shutter and the bellowsare all properlylocked in. 4. Screwthe cablerelease (9) into its receptacleon the shutter.The shuttercan only be operatedwith the ca- ble release. 5. Connectthe AutomaticInterlock Cable (12) between the SinarAutoaperture Shutter and the measurino backor the focusingback. 6. Attachlenses with spring-loadeddiaphragms (DB or DBM)to the lensstandard in such a way thatthe red dot on the lens mountingboard lines up with the red orientationdot on the shutter. 7. To use the focusingscreen with lensesthat are not equippedwith spring-loadeddiaphragms, open the shutterand the diaphragmat the lens. 8. Set the desiredshutter speed with the shuttersoeed selectionlever (4). 9. With lensesthat are equippedwith spring-loadeddia- phragms,set the desiredf-stop with the aperturese-

Sinar Autoaperture Shutter smar

lectionknob (2).With f-stops smaller than fi45 (on DBM lenses)and with lensesthat are not equipped with autoaperturemounts, set the desiredf-stop directlyat the lens. Warning: Manualsetting of DBM lensesdisables theirautomatic control. ln such casesthe aperturehas to be openedor closeddirectly at the lens. 10. Closethe shutterby operatingthe closinglever (7) or by insertinga (when the AutomaticInter- lock Cableis beingused). (The shutter open indica- tor (1)is no longervisible). 11. Withdrawthe dark slidef rom the film holder. 12.Releasethe SinarAutoaperture Shutter by pressing the buttonon the cablerelease. In doingso, first sensethe pressurepoint and then pushthe button all the way to releasethe shutter. 13.Re-insertthe dark slideinto the film holder. 14.Removethe film holderfrom the . When lenseswithout spring-loaded diaphragms are beingused, open the shutterand the apertureat the lens.When you use the AutomaticInterlock Cable (12),the shutteropens automatically when the film holderis removed.

Long times

When the shutterspeed selection lever is set at "B", the shutterremains open as long as the buttonon the cable releaseis depressed. For long exposures,turn the lockingring at the release buttonto the left (counterclockwise)until it pops up. Now the releasebutton will be lockedautsmaticallv once it is depressed. To closethe shutter,depress the lockingring.

The SinarAutoaperture Shutter should be storedor trans- portedonly when the shutteris open (shutteropen indi- cator (1) visible) and with the selection lever(4) set at 8 seconds.

Sinar Autoaperture Shutter smar Table of Gontents

1. Before you staft ... 2 fntroduction...... 2 Forthosein a hurry .....2 OperatingComponents...... 3 Abbreviatedlnstructions ...... 4 LongExposure Times...... s Aboutthis Publication...... 8 Purposeof theseInstructions ...... 8 Documentldentification and Copyright ...... 8 Warranty...... 8 Arrangementof theseInstructions ...... 9 ldentificationofSymbols ...... 10

2. Safety Rules I I InthisChapter..,. ..11 Fundamentals...... 11 Protectionfrom FogginS ...... 11 Alwayskeep this in Mindwhile you work... .12 SpecialNotices .12

3. Product Description 13 In thisChapter...... 13 Overview ....13 AutomaticFunctions .....13 ShutterSpeeds ...... i4 ApertureRange ...... j4 Appfications...... i4 Limitations ...... 14 ProductRange...... 'l 6 Accessories ...... 16

4. Operating the Shutter 1Z ln thisChapter...... 17 Attachingthe Shutterto the Camera...... i7 Connectingthe AutomaticInterlock Cable . . . . l8 ViewingtheFocusing Screen ....19 ShutterOpen Indicator...... 20 Howto avoidVignetting...... 20

Sinar Autoaperture Shutter srnar About this Publication

Purpose of these Instructions

These operatinginstructions constitute a comprehensive descriptionof the Sinar AutoapertureShutter. They containall the informationyou needfor the correctuse of the shutterand for its trouble-freeooeration.

The arrangementof these instructionsand the identifica- tion of symbolsused in these instructionsare coveredin the paragraphsthat follow.We recommendthat you open the first fold-outpage of this instructionmanual. That keeps the illustrationsof all the operatingcomponents mentionedin the instructionsin view at all times.

The specificationscontained in these instructionsmay be changedwithout advance notice.

Document ldentification and Copyright

This InstructionManual can be orderedfrom SINAR AG or from its localdistributor under the number02.0502.

This InstructionManual is subjectto copyright.All rights are orotected.

@ 1995 SINARAG, CH-8245Feuerthalen, Switzerland

Warranty

SINARguarantees for the qualityof the materialand the functionof the Sinar AutoapertureShutter for two years beginningwith the date of the invoice. Furtherliability for subsequentdamages (e.9. loss of pro- ductionof the photographer,etc.) is not admitted. Warrantyexpires if alterationsor repairsare performedat the shutterby non-authorizedpersons. Repairs must only be performedby SINARor its localagencies.

Sinar Autoaperture Shutter $nar

Arrangement of these lnstructions

These instructionscontain basic informationfor users with little experiencein using the Sinar Autoaperture Shutter,and detailedspecifications for experiencedusers of this shutter.

For clearer understanding,the instructionshave been groupedinto severalchapters:

Safety Rules Recommendationsyou shouldheed for yourown personal safety, for trouble-freeoperation and for preventingda- mage to the product.

Product Deseription GeneralInformation about the product,its featuresand applications,as well as productrange and accessories.

Using the Sinar Autoaperture Shutter Here you can read how to attachthe shutterto the camera and how to use it to your best advantage.

Gare and Maintenance This chaptercontains information about the care and the requiredmaintenance of your SinarAutoaperture Shutter.

Technical Data Hereyou can find all the technicalspecifications, dimen- sions and weights,as well as the surroundingconditions that have to be observedfor trouble-freeoperation.

Appendix A glossarycontains brief explanations of the most impor- tant technicalterms that appearin theseinstructions, and a list of key words helpsyou to find a particularsubject very quickly.

Sinar Autoaperture Shutter $nar ldentification of Symbols

To make these instructionseasy to understand,certain styles and forms of writingare used to indicatespecial meanrngs:

Italicized fexf indicates a chapter or a specific paragraph of these instructions.

"Text printed in bold letters" and with quotationmarks denotesterms that are imprintedon the shutter.

Numbersin parenthesis(12) refer to operatingcompo- nentsillustrated on fold-outpage 3.

Particularlyimportant recommendations are highlighted by means of a symbol to the left oI the text. These svm- bols have the followingmeanings:

lmportant Useful recommendationsfor the use of the shutterand other importantinformation.

Gaution Warningagainst manipulations or uses that may lead to productdamage or personalinjury.

Pointer Tips and tricks That facilitatework or that lead to oreater productivity.

Do not touch! Partsmarked with this symbolmust not be touchedwith fingersor with otheritems.

Proteet from moisture! Parts markedwith this symbol must not be exposedto humidityor to water.

Sinar Autoaperture Shutter $nar 2. SafetyRules

In this Ghapter ...

In this chapteryou find informationabout preventingda- mage to your SinarAutoaperture Shutter and about pre- ventingyour film from beingfogged.

Fundamentals

Theseoperating instructions should be studiedthoroughly to ensurecorrect and economicallyefficient use of your SinarAutoaperture Shutter. We mustdecline any respon- sibility for damages caused by improper use of the shutter.

Unauthorizeddisassembly or modificationof the shutter voidsall its guarantees.Conversions and modificationsof a Sinar AutoapertureShutter may only be performedby authorizedSinar reoairfacilities. Addresses of such au- thorizedrepair stations can be obtainedfrom the SINAR distributorin your country.

The SinarAutoaperture Shutter may only be used for its designatedpurpose on Sinarlarge format .

Protection from Fogging

In very brightlight conditions it is advisablenot to change lenseswhen the dark slideis drawn,even if the shutteris closed.As a generalrule, the film holdershould not re- mainopen for morethan 5 minutesunder such light condi- tions.

Sinar Autoaperture Shutter $nar

When working, always keep the following in mind:

o To keepthe mechanismfree of strain,store or trans- port the shutter with its blades ooen and with the shutterspeed selection lever set at 8 seconds. o Never touch the shutter blades. Deformedshutter bladescause malfunctions. c l{ever lubricate the shutter blades. The shutter bladesmust be absolutelydry for properfunctioning. C To releasethe shutterby pressingthe buttonon the cable release,first pressthat buttongently until you reach the pressurepoint, then continueto press it slowly and all the way. o Protectthe shutteragainst dust and dirt. o When making multipleexposures, always allow an intervalof at least4 secondsbetween individual expo- sures,otherwise the shuttermay operateinaccurately or evenfail to operateproperly at all.

Special Notices

To preventvibrations and bouncingof the apertureme- chanism beyond the selectedsetting, the releasemust not be operatedabruptly. It is recommendedto feel for the pressurepoint first and then to releasethe shuttergently.

Do not forcibly turn the Aperture Selection Knob (2) beyondits limitvalues. In time, this can lead to damage of the aperturemechanism.

The SinarAutoaperture Shutter must not come in contact with wateror with any chemicals.Special care shouldbe taken in the darkroomto preventany chemicalsplashes from reachingthe shutter.

Sinar Autoaperture Shutter snar 3. ProductDescription

ln this Ghapter ...

This chapter describesthe basic featuresof the Sinar AutoapertureShutter, the applicationsfor which it was designed,its limitationsof use, productcomponents and availableaccessories.

Overview

The Sinar AutoapertureShutter is a mechanicallycon- trolled,self-cocking behind-the-lens shutter with spring- loaded diaphragmthat is especiallysuited for use with Sinaronand manyother lenses in mountswith spring-loa- ded diaphragms. This shutterconforms to DIN Standard19015 with regard to shutter speeds and to DIN Standard 4522 with regard to aperturesettings. The serialnumber of the shuttercan be found at the top right(when seen f rom behind).The lasttwo digitsindicate the year of manufacture.

Automatic Functions

Self-cocking mechanism TheSinar Autoaperture Shutter is self-cocking. Every time the releasebutton is pressedall the way,the shutteris firstcocked and then released.

Spring.loaded aperture mechanism Whenlenses with autoaperture mounts (DB and DBM) are used,the apertureautomatically closes down to the pre- selectedvalue when the releasebutton is pressed.

Shutter closing mechanism When the AutomaticInterlock Cable (12) is used,the shuttercloses automatically when a filmholder is inserted

Sinar Autoaperture Shuttel $nar

intothe cameraback. The shutter opens again when the filmholder is removed.

Shutter Speeds

The SinarAutoaperture Shutter has shutterspeed set- tingsranging from 1/oo sec to 8 sec plusB.

Aperture Range

All aperturestops on the SinarAutoaperture Shutter can be pre-selectedin steplesssettings between tl4 andtl45. When lenses in mounts with spring-loadeddiaphragms (DB and DBM) are used, the aperture automatically closesdown to the pre-selectedvalue when the shutteris released.

Aperture stops smaller than t/45 can be set manually (withoutautomatic coupling) with lensesin a DBM auto- aperturemount.

Applications

The SinarAutoaperture Shutter was designedto be com- patiblewith every model of the Sinar camera.All lenses in Sinarautoaperture mounts (DB, DBM) and in standard mounts(NF) can be used with this shutter.

Lenses with built-inbetween-the-lens shutters mounted on plain lens boards have limitedapplications and can only be usedat your own risk.Such applications incur the dangerof damageto the shutterblades. Automatic func- tions (such as automaticaperture control) is no longer assured in such cases. Correct performancecan best be expectedwith originalSinaron lenses.

Limitations

O The Sinar AutoapertureShutter can be used without limitationson lenseswith focal lengthsranging from 65 mm to 480 mm with virtuallyno exceptions.

Sinar Autoaperture Shuttel $nar

Only lenseswith a large of more than 100',with focal lengths between 150 mm and 210 mm can not be used with the SinarAutoaoerture Shutter. With between-the-lensshutters, these lenseshave to be set manually,and with the Sinar ExpoluxShutter, they are controlledautomatically. o Lenseswith focallengths shorter than 65 mm can not be used with this shutter.Sinaron lenses are marked accordingly. C Lenses with focal lengthsgreater than 480 mm re- quire a standardmount (NF) or a specialassembly. Contactyour Sinardistributor about the particularsin suchcases. The shuttermechanism can be used with lenses in standardmounts (NF). The automaticaperture-setting mechanismwill not be operative.The aperturestop has to be set manuallyby usingthe aperturering on the lens. o For shutterspeeds faster than 1/60sec and when the automaticaperture control is used in conjunctionwith aperturestops smaller lhan 1145,we recommendthe use of the SinarExpolux Shutter (up to 1/soosec and aperturestop f/128).

Sinar Autoaperture Shuttel $nar Product Gomponents

The SinarAutoaperture Shutter is suppliedcomplete with a Cable Release(521.61), SynchroLead Adapter (522,11.005),Automatic Interlock Cable (521.51),Bayo- net Piece(521.91), and FilterHolder 100 mm (547.41\.

Accessories

521.51 AutomaticInterlock Cable. As a replacementor as an extensionfor bellowsextensions greater than 75 cm (30")

521.81 CouplingPiece for 521.51. For joiningtwo AutomaticInterlock Cables for long bellowsextensions.

521.91 Bayonet Piece for 521.51 . As a replacementor for use when more than one rear standardis used.

521.61 Cable Releasewith lockingdisc. Length:7O cm (28").

547.41 FilterHolder 100 mm. For attachmentto the rear of the shutter. Acceptsup to 3 filtersof the 100 mm size.

522.11.005Flash Synchro Lead Adapter. For connectingcommercially available flash synchronizationcables.

521.51.010 Y-SynchroCable. For the simultaneousconnection of the ex- posuremeter and the flash generatorto the SinarAutoaperture Shutter. Makesit unnecessaryto transferthe connections.

Sinar Autoaperture Shutter snar 4. Operatingthe Shutter

In this Ghapter...

In thischapter you learnwhen to useyour SinarAutoaper- ture Shutterwith lensesin autoaperturemounts (DB and DBM) and how to operate it correctly. The first paragraphscontain information about attaching the shutterto the camera,about the correctinstallation of the lensand also aboutthe attachmentand adjustmentof the AutomaticInterlock Cable. Carefulpreparations are importantfor safe and efficientwork. You also learn everythingyou need to know for settingthe aperturestop and the shutterspeed, and we conclude with specialapplications such as multipleexposures, the use of filters,and the properuse of the variousmodes of the autoaperturefeature.

Whenyou foldout the firstpage of this instructionmanual, all the operatingelements and their numbersare clearly visibleat a glance.

Attaching the Shutter to the Gamera

The Sinar AutoapertureShutter is attachedto the rear side of the lens standardbetween the standardand the bellows. To accomplishthis, increasethe distancebetween the lens standardand the rear standardand detachthe bel- lows from the lens standard.Then hold the bellowsback with one hand and attachthe shutterto the rear side of the lens standardwith the other hand (Figure1). When you installthe shutter,the SINAR logo on the shutter Figure1 speedscale shouldface forward.

The shutteris positionedcorrectly when the shutterspeed scale is at the upper left as seen from the back of the camera.lf attemptsare made to installthe shutterin a twistedposition, the latchon the lens standardcannot be closed.

Sinar Autoaperture Shutter $nar

Now connectthe bellowsto the back of the shutterand lock it in placewith the lockinglatch (13).

lf you have not alreadydone so, attachthe lens to the lensstandard and lockit in place.When usinglenses with autoaperturemounts (DB and DBM),make sure that the red dot on the lens boardis lineduo with the red orienta- tion dot (3) on the shutter.

The shuttershould normally be open and set at a shutter speed of 8 seconds.This releasesthe tension on the shutter springs and prevents damage to the shutter blades.lf the shutteris closed,it can be openedat any time by pressingthe lockinglever (5).

Attachthe cablerelease (9) to the threadedsocket provi- dedfor this purposeon the leftside of the shutter(as seen from the back of the camera).The shuttercan onlv be operatedby meansof this cable release!

Attaching the Automatic Interlock Gable

The AutomaticInterlock Cable connectsthe Sinar Auto- apertureShutter with the film holderframe (Figure5) for the purposeof automaticallyclosing the shutterwhen a film holderis insertedinto the frame.

Beforeattaching the AutomaticInterlock Cable, be sure to open the shutterby pressingthe lockinglever (5).

Then screw the threadedend of the Automaticlnterlock Figure2 Cable into the socket providedfor this purposeat the bottomof the shutter(Figure 2).

Now screw the bayonetpiece (Figure3) lightlyinto the openingprovided for this purposeon the filmholder frame (1 or 2 turns) and insertthe free end of the Automatic InterlockCable intothe bayonetpiece (Figure4).

In orderto functioncorrectly, the lengthof the Automatic t InterlockCable has to be adjusted. But beforedoing so, a film holdermust first be inserted all the way intothe film holderframe on the rearstandard. Fig.3 Fig.4

Sinar Autoaperture Shuttel $nar

Temporarilydisconnect the Automaticlnterlock Cable and then screw the bayonetpiece in far enoughso that the closinglever (7) linesup with the lowerline of the closure index(6) whenthe AutomaticInterlock Cable is reconnec- ted. When the setting is correct,lock the bayonet piece in place with the lockingscrew. The closingmechanism is now ready to operate.

lf the shutterdoes notclose completely when a filmholder is inserted,the AutomaticInterlock Cable has been shor- tened too much. lf the shutterremains closed when the film holderis removed,the AutomaticInterlock Cable is too long.In eithercase, the adjustmenthas to be repeated as describedabove. Figure5 With the AutomaticInterlock Cable in place and a film holderin the frame,the shuttercan not be openedwith the closinglever (5). In this case, it can only be opened x by removingthe film holder. With bellowsextensions of more than 75 cm (30"), the AutomaticInterlock Cable has to be lengthenedby adding a secondAutomatic Interlock Cable bv means of a Cou- plingPiece (521.81).

rl,z To avoidhaving to re-adjustthe AutomaticInterlock Cable for a differentrear standardwhen the formatis changed, each rear standardcan be equippedwith its own bayonet piece.In that case,the AutomaticInterlock Cable is deta- ched from the bayonetpiece when the rear standardis beingchanged.

Viewing the Focusing Screen

To view the focusingscreen, open the shutterby pressing the lockinglever (5). When the AutomaticInterlock Cable is in place,the shutteropens automatically when the film holderis removedfrom the rear standard. On lenseswith spring-loadeddiaphragms, the apertureis alwaysopen when the shutteris in the open position.To view the imageon the focusingscreen when a lens with- out a spring-loadeddiaphragm is beingused, the aperture has to be openedmanually at the lens.

Sinar Autoaperture Shutter 19 $nar

Shutter Open lndicator

When the shutteris open, a red stud (1) is visibleon the top of the shutterhousing. In a dark studio,this stud can also be felt by touching.

How to avoid

You can eliminatethe risk of vignettingby usingthe follo- wing procedure: C Completeall the cameraadjustments, attach the bel- lows and stop the aperture down to the workingaperture. O Adjustthe bellowslens hood standard to be parallelto the filmplane. O Look at the stopped-downlens throughthe four cut- out cornersof the focusingscreen (Figure 6).

Possiblesituations:

Nof all 5 (or 7, respectively) blade tips of the aperture diaphragm can be seen: D Becauseof cameraadjustments, the film is not posi- tionedwithin the imagecircle. Remedy:Correct the cameraadjustments. All5 (or 7, respectively) of the blade tips of the aper- Figure6 ture diaphragm are visible, but the bellows lens hood is nof visible: E) The film is positionedwithin the imagecircle. D The bellowslens hood is too shortat best. Remedy: Extendthe bellowslens hood until it just becomesvisible and then retractit a little All5 (or 7, respectively)of the blade tips of the aper- ture diaphragm andthe bellows lens hood are visible: D The bellowslens hood is too long or mountedincor- rectly. Remedy:Mount the bellowslens hood to be coaxial with the image axis; adjust the bellows lens hood standardto be parallelto the film plane;shorten the bellowslens hood untilit is barelyno longervisible.

SinarAutoaperture Shutter snar Setting the Shutter Speed

The shutterspeed can be set at any time by using the ShutterSpeed Selection Lever (4). lt does not make any differencewhether the shutteris ooen or closed. Shutter speeds can be set between 8 seconds and 1/oosec, plus B, with click stopsfor full steps. For shutterspeeds faster than 1/oosec (up to 1/soosec), pleasenote the capabilitiesof the Sinar ExpoluxShutter.

lf a correctexposure cannot be achievedin spite of the smallestaperture stop setting and 1/oosec, the brightness can be reducedby one stop with the use of a Sinar Neu- rlz tral DensityFilter 3 ND (547.92.030),by two stopswith a Sinar NeutralDensity Filter 6 ND (547.92.060),and by three stops with a Sinar Neutral Density Filter g ND (547.92.090).Smaller increments are possibleby means of SinarNeutral Density Filters with densitiesthat reduce brightnessby 1/sand 2/saperture stops. The NeutralDen- sity Filterscan be attachedto the back of the Sinar Auto- aperture Shutter.(see the chapter on The Use of Filters on Page26.)

Releasing the shutter when it is set at ..B"

When the shutterspeed selectionlever (4) is set at "B", the shutter remainsopen as long as the button on the cable releaseis depressed.

The release of the shutter at "B" is deliberatelyvery soft in orderto achievea completelysilent and vibration-free shutteraction when the camerais set uo in a vibration- proneposition.

When the flash synchronizingcable is connectedand the \1,/ shutteris set at "8", a flash is fired when the cable release is depressed,even when the lens is stoppeddown to the workingaperture stop, The flashcontact remains connected as long as the cable releaseis depressed.This may leadto the flash beingfired repeatedlyby the powerpacks when a radio-controlledremote release is being used. In that event,deactivate the radio-controlledremote re- lease, make the exposureand fire the flash manually duringthe exposure.

Sinar Autoaperture Shutter smar

T-Exposures

The T-settingis intendedfor long exposures.Unlike the B-setting,the buttonon the cable releasedoes not have to be depressedfor the entireduration of the exposure.

For T-exposures,the shutterspeed selectionlever (4) is set at "B", and the lockingdisc on the releasebutton of the cable releaseis loosenedby turningit counterclock- wtse.

When the releasebutton is depressed,it will remainde- pressed until that lockingdisc is pushed down to let it springback.

To deactivate the T-setting,the locking disc has to be pusheddown and lockedin the down positionby turning it clockwise.

Setting the Aperture Stop

The automaticstopping down of the aperturewith aper- ture presettingat the lens works only on lensesin auto- aperturemounts DB and DBM.

The aperturestop is set by meansof the apertureselec- tion knob (2) on the right side of the shutterhousing. lt makes no differencewhether the shutter is ooen or closed.The presetaperture stop can easilybe readat any time on the largeaperture scale (15).

When an apertureis selectedthat is greater than the maximumaperture of the lens,the exposurewill be made at the largestpossible aperture.

On lenseswithout spring-loaded aperture mounts, the ap- erture has to be set manuallvat the lens in the conven- tionalmanner.

Do not force the apertureselection knob (2) beyondthe maximumor minimumvalues on the aperturescale (15). In time,that could resultin damageof the mechanism. Do not shiftthe positionof the aperturescale (15)!

Sinar Autoaperture Shutter smar

Aperture stops smaller than f/45

Certain subjects require an aperture stopped down to a value smaller than f/45. Because of standardssoecifica- tions,the automaticstopping down featureonly works up to t145.Nevertheless, smaller aperturescan be used with the DBM autoaperturemount (Figure 7).

To select aperturessmaller than f/45, press the transfer button(see arrow)on the ringon the autoaperturemount and then turn that ring counterclockwiseby at least one Figure7 click stop. The aperturecan now be set manuallyin the conventionalway in click stepsof l/3 aperturestops.

Whenthe autoaperturemount DBM is used,the automatic aperture-settingfeature will not be functionall

It is possibleto stop the aperturedown temporarilyin order to check the , the image circle or possiblevignetting by the bellowslens hood. To do so, pressthe buttonon the cable releaseall the way withthe shutteropen or set at "B". The irisdiaphragm will then close down to the f-stop selected with the aperture selectionknob (2).

lf you press the cable releasebutton too vigorously,parts of the irisdiaphragm blades will becomevisible in the light path,but this will not affectthe exposure.When that hap- pens,gently reduce the pressureon the button.

When you remove the pressure from the cable release buttoncompletely, the iris diaphragmwill reopento its full aoerture.

lf the pressureon the cablerelease button is not removed quickly enough, it may happen that the iris diaphragm bladeswill close by a few millimetersand not returnall the way to the fully open position.This occurrenceis normaland does not indicatea malfunctionof the shutter. When this happens, it can easily be correctedby briefly closingand openingthe shutter.

Sinar Autoaperture Shuttel 23 snar

On lensesin autoaperturemounts (DB and DBM),the aperturehas to bestopped down to thedesired value and reopenedmanually at the lens.

Releasing the Shutter/Making the Exposure

To make the exposure, the film holderin the frame on the rearstandard. When the AutomaticInterlock Cable is used,the SinarAutoaperture Shutter will close auroma- tically.

Then removethe darkslidefrom the film holder,gently depressthe cablerelease button until you sensethe pres- sure point (for automaticstopping down of the aperture) and then continueto depressthe cable releasebutton uniformlyto releasethe shutter.The stoppingdown of the aperture to the preselectedvalue takes place automa- ticallyduring this procedure(when an autoaperturemount DB or DBM is used).

Re-insertthe dark slidein the film holderand removethe film holderfrom the frame. The iris diaphragmand the shutterwill then reopenautomatically. lf needed, reopen the shutter for viewing the focusing screenby pressingthe lockinglever (5).

On lenses without autoaperturemounts, the iris dia- phragmhas to be closed down manuallyto the desired value at the lens beforethe dark slide is removedfrom the film holder.Conversely, after the exposurehas been made and the dark slidehas been placedback in the film holder,the iris diaphragmhas to be openedmanually.

The SinarAutoaperture Shutter can only be operatedwith the cable releasethat is suppliedwith it. To prevent vibrations (double contours) and shutter bladesbouncing beyond the selectedvalue (underexpo- sure),the cablerelease button has to be depressedslow- ly and uniformly.

Sinar Autoaperture Shutter srnar

Multiple Exposures

ln order to make multipleexposures, the shuttercan be releasedseveral times in succession.lt is also possible to change both the aperturestop as well as the shutter soeedbetween individual exposures.

When multipleexposures are made,it is importantto wait at least4 secondsbetween individual exposures. Repea- ted fast releasesof the shutter in too rapid a succession may cause an inaccurateexposure or even damagethe shutter!

Flash Gontact

Flashunits are connectedto the flashcontact (10) on the Sinar AutoapertureShutter by means of the Flash Syn- chro LeadAdapter (522.11.005) (Figure 8).

The Flash Synchro Lead Adapter improvesthe electrical connectionbetween the shutterand the flashcord and it also serves to relievethe strain on the flash contact.

The SinarAutoaperture Shutter is equippedwith an inter- lock that preventsthe flash from being fired while the focusingscreen is being viewed.This interlockensures that the flash is fired only when the cable releaseis ope- rated,and not when the shutteris openedmanually (by pressingthe lockinglever 5).

Figure8 Synchronizationof electronicflash is provided for all shutterspeeds (1/oo sec to 8 sec and B).

When low powerelectronic flash units are used,there are certain situationswhen these flashes have to be fired \1,/ severaltimes in succession.This techniqueis particularly easy and convenientto perform with the self-cocking Sinar AutoapertureShutter. The otherwiseever presentdanger of double contours can be disregardedbecause the camera does not have to be touchedfor cockinothe shutter.

Sinar Autoaperture Shutter $nar The Use of Filters

The SinarAutoaperture Shutter makes it possibleto use filtersbehind the lens.The advantageof thatarrangement is a smallerfilter diameter,less danger of mechanical damageand betteroptical performance (no degradation by stray light).

The Sinar AutoapertureShutter is suppliedwith a filter holderthat acceptsup to threeSinar filters of the 100mm size (Figure9).

Figure9 Afterdetaching the frontof the bellows,the filterholder is placedin the roundfilter recess (17) on the back side of the SinarAutoaperture Shutter. Insert the filterholder un- der the lowerretaining spring (16) and then lockit in place with the upperswiveling spring (14).

The older,round 103mm diameterSinar glass filters can also be insertedin that filterrecess.

There is also an additionalsquare recess(1g) that can accommodatea single 100mm Sinar filter (withoutthe filterholder) or a getatinfitter (Figure 10). Figure10

When filtersare to be used behindthe Shutter,focusing must be performedwith the filters in place, otherwise therewill be a shift in the depthof sharpness.

Automatic Aperture Control

The great advantage of the automatic aperture setting linkagecan only be utilizedwith lensesthat are mounted in Sinar AutoapertureMounts. These mounrs are now standardon Sinaronlenses.

The majorityof Sinaronlenses that are not in autoaper- ture mountsand lensesfrom othermanufacturers can be retro-fittedwith spring-loadeddiaphragms by the user.

Sinar Autoapetture Shutter snar

The followingconversion kits are requiredfor this pur- pose:

DB Autoaperture Gonversion Kit: For practicallyall Sinaron lenses as well as many lenses from other manufacturers.

DBM Autoaperture Gonversion Kit: For Sinaronlenses and lensesfrom other manufacturers with minimumapertures smaller than f/45.

DBS Autoaperture Gonversion Kit: Can only be used in conjunctionwith a Sinar Expolux Shutter.

Specificationsfor correct autoaperturemounts for the va- riouslenses can be found in the Sinar GeneralCatalog.

Practicallyevery lens for photographywith a greaterthan 150mm can be ordered in a DBM AutoapertureMount at an additionalcost.

The conversionto DB AutoapertureMounts of lenseswith between-the-lensshutters and with focal lengths shorter than 90 mm can only be performedat the Sinar factory.

Wide-Angle Photographs

When the angleof view of a lenswith a shortfocal length (shorterthan 90 mm for the 4 x 5" format)is fully utilized, uniformexposure is achievedwhen the followingsteps are taken: O Exposuretime 1/1ssec or longer. O Lens stoppeddown to at leastf/1 6. O Appropriateconcentric gradient filters for the respec- tive focal lengths. (Differentfilters are required for each focal length.) Thesethree precautionsreduce the vignettingof the cor- ners of the images that is typical for lenses with short focal lengths.

Sinar Autoaperture Shuttel smar 5. Careand Maintenance

ln this Ghapter.,.

In thischapter you can readwhat cleaning and mainte- nancecare is neededto keepyour SinarAutoaperture Shutterready for useat all times.

General Recommendations

The Sinar AutoapertureShutter usually requires little maintenance.Such maintenanceis limitedio simoleclea- nrngcare. Under no circumstancesshould you disassemblethe Sinar AutoapertureShutter. The interiorof the shutter containsno partsthat you couldservice yourself. In case of malfunctions,the shuttershould be sent to your res- pectiveSINAR distributor for repair.

The followingprecautions when storingyour SinarAuto- apertureShutter will ensurethat the shuttersoeeds will remainstable over long periodsof time. O Openthe shutter(by pressinglocking lever 5). O Set the shutterspeed selection lever (4) at 8 seconds.

Do not lubricatethe shutter blades under any circum- stances!The shutterblades must remainabsolutely dry to operate properly.

Gare of the Sinar Autoaperture Shutter

It is sufficientjust to cleanthe exteriorof the SinarAuto- aperture Shutter occasionally.To remove dust or dirt we recommendthe use of a softbrush (such as a lensbrush).

Sinar Autoaperture Shutter snar

To preventdamage to the shutterblades, it is essential thatthe shutterbe openduring cleaning procedures!

In no caseshould solvents such as alcohol,benzine, etc. be usedfor cleaningthe shutter!

The shutterblades must be protectedfrom humidity! Du- ringoutdoor use, the shuttershould be protectedfrom the weather,especially rain and humidity.

Sinar AutoapertureShutter srnar 6. TechnicalD aIa

Sinar AUtOapeftUfe ShUttGf 1c"t"rosNumber 521.s1)

Mechanical,self-cocking behind-the-lens shutter with automaticspring-loaded diaphragm mechanism for lenseswith autoaperturemounts (DB and DBM)and for standardmounts (NF). Shutter Type: Centralshutter with four blades. Shutter Speeds: 1/60sec to 8 sec and B. Preset Aperture Stops: tl4 to t145. Shutter Release:Cable release with lockinodisc. Automatic Closure: The shutteris closedand openedautomatically when the film holderis insertedand removedfrom the frame, respectively(when the automaticinterlock cable is in place). Automatic Aperture Control: The irisdiaphragm is closedand openedautomatically to the valuepreset on the shutter(on lensesin DB or DBM autoaperturemounts). Longevity:At least50,000 cycles. Dimensions: Width: 210 mm latl+") Height:190 mm 1Ztlz") Depth: 23 mm 1716"1 Weight: 680 g (11t2tO.1,without accessories.

SinarAutoaperture Shutter smar 7. Appendix

Glossary

Aperture Stop Effectiveaperture of the lens,which limitsthe bundleof lightrays travelingthrough the lens.The largerthe aper- ture, the smaller the +f-sfop number.

Autoape*ure Mount Soecial for Sinar camerasthat oermitsthe automatic transfer of the +aperture stop that has been preseton the SinarAutoaperture Shutter or on the Sinar Expolux Shutter to the lens itself (+2u16maticaperture controh.

Automatic Aperture Gontrol On large format cameras the aperturestop as a rule has to be set manuallyto the requiredvalue beforethe expo- sure and openedagain lateron. With automaticaperture controlthis sequencetakes placeautomatically, relieving the photographer of routinemanipulations and ensuringcorrect procedure.

Automatic Glosure On largeformat cameras, the shutteras a rule has to be closed by hand beforethe dark slide is withdrawnand opened again later on. Automaticclosure performs this step automaticallywhen the film holderis insertedin its frame on the rear standard.

Behind-the-Lens Shutter A shutterthat is positionedbehind the lens.Advantages: Onlyone shutteris requiredfor a quantityof lenses;ident- icalshutter speeds with everylens. Disadvantage: Vignet- ting may occur with very short focal lengths(less than 65 mm) (-between-the lens shutter).

Between.the.Lens Shutter A shutterthat is positionedbetween the elementsof a lens. Advantage:cost-effective design. Disadvantage:

Sinar Autoaperture Shuttel $nar

Every lens requiresits own shutter;uncertainties result from the differenttolerances of the individualshutters. (- b eh in d -the - | e n s shutte r).

B-Exposures B-exposurespermit manuallycontrolled long exposure times in the rangeof seconds.When the shutteris set at B, it remainsopen as long as the releasebutton is de- pressed.

Flash Synchronization Today'sstandard X-synchronization for electronicflash fires the flash immediatelybefore the shutterreaches its maximumopening. This permitsperfect synchronization withcentral shutters, even with the fastestshutter speeds. f-stop Number Ratio of focal length to effective aperture diameter (-aperture).The largerthe f-stopnumber, the smallerthe aperture,the largerthe f-stopnumber.

Maximum Aperture Largestpossible +apertureof a lens. Also often referred to, not entirelycorrectly, as "speed".

T-Exposures Similar to +B-exposures, except that the release button does not haveto be depressedduring the entirelength of the exposure. Therefore,T-exposures are particularly suited for very long exposure times in the range of minutesand hours.

Vignetting Shadingof the raysat the outeredge of the bundleof rays that formsthe image.Vignetting can be causedby mech- anical componentsof the camera (such as too long a bellowshood), by the positioningof the standards,and by the positioningof the shutteroutside the principalplane of the lens. (+behind-the-lensshutter\.

Sinar Autoaperture Shutter srnar Index of Key Terms

A L Accessories .....16 Limitations 14 Aperture,manual setting ...... 23 Lockinglever...... 3, 19 Aperturescale...... 3,22 Longexposure times . . . 5,21,22 Aperture selectionknob. . . . 3, 22 Aperturesmallerthan f/45 .....23 M Autoaperture 26,27 Makingthe exposure ...... 24 Autoaperturemechanism ...... 13 Multipleexposures ....25 Automaticaperture setting transfer 23,26 Multipleflashes ...... 25 Automaticinterlock cable. . 3, 18 Automaticinterlock cable adjustment . 18 N Neutraldensityfilters ...... 21 B Bayonetpiece...... 18 P B-exposures .....21 Pre-setaperture ...... 22

c R Cablerelease...... 3,24 Releasingthe shutter ...... 4 Cleaning ...... 28 Closinglever...... 3, 19 s Closureindex...... 3, 19 Self-cockingmechanism. 13 'l Closuremechanism ....13 Serialnumbet ... . . 3 Conversionkits...... 27 Settingtheaperture ...22 Shutter-openindicator ..... 3,20 D Shutterspeeds...... 21 Depthof fieldcontrol ...... 23 Shutterspeed selection lever .... 3, 21 Stoppingdown...... 23 F Storingthe shutter. . 12,28 Filters...... 26 Filterholder .....26 T Flashconnection.. ..3,25 T-exposures ....22 Flashcord adapter . . 3, 25 Flashsynchronization ...... 25 v Focusingscreen viewing ...... 19 Vibrations ...... 24 Focusingwith filters ....26 Vignetting 20,23,27 Foggingprevention .....11 Formatchanges ...... 19 w Wide-anglephotographs ..... 27 G Gelatinfilters...... 26

Sinar Autoaperture Shutler agrng

$nar SINAR AG, CH-8245Feuerthalen/Switzerland, Telephone:+41 53 29 35 35, Fax: +41 53 29 35 78, Telex:897 106 sina ch Printedin Switzerland. We reservethe rightto changedesigns and availability. 550.95109.77.000.6e - OZ.0S02 O Copyright1995 SINARAG, Switzertand $naf is a registeredtrademark.