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Download Download Research, Society and Development, v. 9, n. 9, e116996991, 2020 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i9.6991 O que é smartphone? perspectiva filosófica: reflexão sobre o uso do smartphone na nova vida normal What is smartphone? philosophical perspective: reflection on the use of smartphone in the new normal life ¿Qué es el teléfono inteligente? perspectiva filosófica: reflexión sobre el uso de teléfonos inteligentes en la nueva vida normal Recebido: 22/07/2020 | Revisado: 31/07/2020 | Aceito: 07/08/2020 | Publicado: 14/08/2020 Ari Abi Aufa ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5844-6484 Institut Agama Islam Sunan Giri Bojonegoro, Indonesia E-mail: [email protected] Rizal Mustansyir ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7780-319X Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta, Indonesia E-mail: [email protected] Septiana Dwiputri Maharani ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4633-3164 Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta, Indonesia E-mail: [email protected] Resumo O uso de smartphones durante esta pandemia aumentou rapidamente. Estes aparelhos são os meios de comunicação mais utilizados em comparação com outros. Isso ocorre, em grande parte, porque os smartphones têm vários recursos e aplicativos que podem ajudar os usuários a concluir seu trabalho, obter entretenimento e interagir com outras pessoas. No entanto, em toda tecnologia usada pelas pessoas, sempre há riscos em potencial. A filosofia, como a mais antiga maneira sistemática de pensar, procura descobrir o que há por trás desses dispositivos móveis. A filosofia da tecnologia, que surgiu na era moderna, é um ramo da filosofia que busca examinar a natureza da tecnologia; ontologia, epistemologia e axiologia. Com base no pensamento dos filósofos modernos, filosoficamente, os smartphones não são apenas um meio de comunicação. Isso muda a maneira como os seres humanos entendem o mundo. Um mundo sem smartphones é um mundo material no qual as pessoas vivem como organismos 1 Research, Society and Development, v. 9, n. 9, e116996991, 2020 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i9.6991 vivos. Por meio desses dispositivos, o mundo se transforma em digital, onde tudo se torna possível. Ele possibilita várias facilidades para interagir e explorar o mundo virtual, oferecendo aventuras que muitas vezes, não podem ser realizadas no mundo real. A facilidade e o prazer proporcionados pelos smartphones acabam criando apegos que tendem a se transformar em dependência. Esses problemas que devem ser percebidos imediatamente pelas pessoas, para que não sejam muito complacentes no uso desses aparelhos na nova vida normal. Palavras-chave: Smartphone; Filosofia; Novo normal. Abstract The use of smartphones during this pandemic increased rapidly. Smartphones are the most widely used communication media compared to other communication media. This is because smartphones have various features and applications that can help users in completing their work, getting entertainment, and interacting with others. However, in every technology used by humans, there are always potential dangers threatens them. Philosophy, as the oldest systematic way of thinking, seeks to discover what lies behind smartphones. Technology philosophy, which emerged in the modern age, is a branch of philosophy that seeks to examine the nature of technology; ontology, epistemology, and axiology. Based on the thinking of modern philosophers, philosophically, smartphones are not just a means of communication. It changes the way humans understand the world. A world without smartphones is a material world in which people live as living organisms. But, through smartphones, the world changes into digital where everything become possible. It offers various facilities in interacting and exploring the virtual world, offering adventures that cannot be done in the real world. The ease and enjoyment provided by smartphones eventually creates attachment that tends to turn into dependency, problems that must be realized immediately by people so they not to be too complacent in using smartphones in the new normal life. Keywords: Smartphone; Philosophy; New normal. Resumen El uso de teléfonos inteligentes durante esta pandemia aumentó rápidamente. Los teléfonos inteligentes son los medios de comunicación más utilizados en comparación con otros medios de comunicación. Esto se debe a que los teléfonos inteligentes tienen varias características y aplicaciones que pueden ayudar a los usuarios a completar su trabajo, obtener entretenimiento 2 Research, Society and Development, v. 9, n. 9, e116996991, 2020 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i9.6991 e interactuar con otros. Sin embargo, en cada tecnología utilizada por los humanos, siempre hay peligros potenciales que los amenazan. La filosofía, como la forma de pensar sistemática más antigua, busca descubrir qué hay detrás de los teléfonos inteligentes. La filosofía tecnológica, que surgió en la era moderna, es una rama de la filosofía que busca examinar la naturaleza de la tecnología; ontología, epistemología y axiología. Basado en el pensamiento de los filósofos modernos, filosóficamente, los teléfonos inteligentes no son solo un medio de comunicación. Cambia la forma en que los humanos entienden el mundo. Un mundo sin teléfonos inteligentes es un mundo material en el que las personas viven como organismos vivos. Pero, a través de los teléfonos inteligentes, el mundo se transforma en un ser digital donde todo se hace posible. Smartphone ofrece varias facilidades para interactuar y explorar el mundo virtual, ofreciendo aventuras que no se pueden hacer en el mundo real. La facilidad y el disfrute proporcionados por los teléfonos inteligentes eventualmente crean un apego que tiende a convertirse en dependencia, problemas que las personas deben resolver de inmediato para que no sean demasiado complacientes al usar teléfonos inteligentes en la nueva vida normal. Palabras clave: Teléfono inteligente; Filosofía; Nueva normalidade. 1. Introduction Before this pandemic, modern people had lived a double life, two interconnected lifes, complementary and defeating each other, the life that we call the real life and the virtual one. Living in two types of lives in two different worlds gives many advantages and disadventages for people. It is because things that cannot be done in one world can be done in the other, and vice versa. The real world is the actual world in which humans live in, interacting using their bodies, while the virtual world can only be entered using the latest tools, a combination of communication and information technology, which is minimized in a tool called smartphone. At the first time, the pandemic was named The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), then WHO announced a new name on February 11th 2020 namely Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. The SARSCoV-2 sequence is similar to a coronavirus isolated from bats, so the hypothesis appears that SARS-CoV-2 originates from bats which then mutate and infect humans. Antivirus for covid 19 is not expected to be found soon, while life must go on. Several countries in the world have begun to adopt new lifestyles to stay side by side with covid 19 3 Research, Society and Development, v. 9, n. 9, e116996991, 2020 (CC BY 4.0) | ISSN 2525-3409 | DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i9.6991 while continuing to apply health protocols according to WHO standards, the way of life known as new normal life. In the new normal life, people are again allowed to live their lives, work, go out, interact with other people but by carrying out covid 19 prevention procedures, such as physical distancing, using masks, hand washing and so on. When people applied physical distancing, they don't have to do social distancing, actually, because human beings are naturally born as social creatures. People always need other people, even if they are not physically close to one another. Philosophically speaking, ontologically, humans are being in the world and being with others (Heidegger, 2001). People cannot live alone to fulfill their existential needs, even though they may not admit it. No such thing as a man who exists singly and solely on his own (Heidegger, 1977). Human’s relationship with his world is not just a cognitive relationship, but more than that, he cannot separate himself from the world and the world cannot be separated from him, that Being in the world in a unitary phenomenon (Oaklander, 1996). Physical distancing immediately turns into social distancing. People move away from each other and feel suspecious each other. Economic activity is disrupted when people are prohibited from interacting with others, even for work. Schools are closed, and teaching and learning activities run virtually. Going through a lockdown or new normal period is indeed disturbing life in the real world, but it does not the same in cyberspace. People can still live a normal lives in cyberspace, and that happens only by smartphones. Smartphones, thus, play a very important role in human life, both in the real and virtual worlds. When people blinded by the benefits and functions offered by certain tools, people tend to ignore the potential threats that can arise. Heidegger stated: "What is dangerous is not technology. Technology is not demonic; but its essence is mysterious "(Heidegger, 1977). The danger is when people don't know what their hands are holding, that the tools helping their works can hurt themselves. Some modern and contemporary thinkers have written their thoughts about technology in a philosophical perspective, both from the perspective of ontology, epistemology and axiology, such as Heidegger, Borgmann, Ihde and so on. They do this so that people fully understand technology, not just its function or material. This study seeks to uncover the nature of smartphones from a philosophical point of view by using the thoughts of technology philosophers as the basis of analysis. Some parts of this article are parts of a larger study that we are doing about smartphones from a philosophical point of view to find their effect on human existence.
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