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The Political Economy of Entry Governance D 1.3 Martin Lemberg-Pedersen, Johanne Rübner Hansen & Oliver Joel Halpern 2020

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The Political Economy of Entry Governance D 1.3 Martin Lemberg-Pedersen, Johanne Rübner Hansen & Oliver Joel Halpern 2020 Advancing Alternative Migration Governance Key Concepts in the The Political Economy of Entry Governance D 1.3 Martin Lemberg-Pedersen, Johanne Rübner Hansen & Oliver Joel Halpern 2020 This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 822625. The content reflects only the authors’ views, and the European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains. The Political Economy of Entry Governance Advancing Alternative Migration Governance Publication information You are free to share and cite the material if you include proper reference. Suggested citation: Lemberg-Pedersen, Martin, Rübner Hansen, Johanne & Halpern, Oliver Joel (2020) The Political Economy of Entry Governance, ADMIGOV Deliverable 1.3, Copenhagen: Aalborg University. Available at URL http://admigov.eu. Minor changes were made compared to the version submitted to the EU. You may not use the material for commercial purposes. Acknowledgments This paper has been written by Martin Lemberg-Pedersen, Johanne Rübner Hansen and Oliver Joel Halpern and peer reviewed by Julien Jeandesboz. The views presented are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the institutions with which they are affiliated. Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to us at: [email protected]. ADMIGOV 2020 D 1.3 p. 2 The Political Economy of Entry Governance Advancing Alternative Migration Governance Acronyms ASD Association of AeroSpace and Defence Associations of Europe BMS Biometric Matching System CFSP Common Foreign and Security Policy CISE Common Information Sharing Environment Copernicus European Commission’s Earth Observation & Monitoring Programme CORDIS Community research and Development Information Service CPIP Common Pre-Frontier Intelligence Picture DG Enterprise Directorate-General Enterprise and Industry EADS European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company EASO European Asylum Support Office ECRE European Council on Refugees and Exiles EDA European Defence Agency EDPS European Data Protection Supervisor EES Entry/Exit System EiB European Investment Bank EiF European Investment Fund EMSA European Maritime Safety Agency EOS European Organization of Security ESA European Space Agency ESRAB European Security Research and Advisory Board. ESRP European Security Research Program ESS European Security Strategy ETP European Technology Platforms EU European Union EU-Lisa European Union Agency for the Operational Management of Large-Scale IT Systems in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice ADMIGOV 2020 D 1.3 p. 3 The Political Economy of Entry Governance Advancing Alternative Migration Governance EURODAC European Dactyloscopy EUROSUR European Border Surveillance System FP6 Sixth Framework Programme for Research and Development FP7 Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development FRA European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) FRONTEX European Border and Coast Guard Agency GMES Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) GoP Group of Personalities GZBV Gesellshcaft zur Beteiligungsverwaltung Horizon 2020 Eight Framework Programme for Research and Development ICT Information Communication Technologies IMO International Maritime Organization JHA Justice and Home Affairs MEP Member of European Parliament NGO Non-Governmental Organization PASR Preparatory Action on the enhancement of the European industrial potential in the field of Security Research PSMCs Private Security and Military Companies R&D Research and Development RTPs Registered Traveller Programmes PASAG Protection and Security Advisory Group SecAG Advisory Group on Security SAG Advisory Group on Space SDA Security & Defence Agenda SIS Schengen Information System SME Small and Medium Sized Enterprises SOGEPA Societé de Gestion de Participations Aéronautiques SSI Sky and Space Intergroup TCN Third Country National ADMIGOV 2020 D 1.3 p. 4 The Political Economy of Entry Governance Advancing Alternative Migration Governance TFEU Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees VIS Visa Information System ADMIGOV 2020 D 1.3 p. 5 The Political Economy of Entry Governance Advancing Alternative Migration Governance List of Tables Table 1 - Top recipients of contracts for border control awarded by Frontex, 2012-2018. ........... 18 Table 2 - Top recipients of contracts awarded by EU-Lisa, 2013-2018. ......................................... 19 Table 3 - Top recipients of border control projects awarded by H2020, 2015-2018 ..................... 20 Table 4 - Top recipients of contracts awarded by Copernicus, between 2014-2018 ..................... 20 Table 5 - Shareholders, Airbus, December 5, 2019. ...................................................................... 89 Table 6 - Shareholders, Leonardo, December 5, 2019. ................................................................. 89 Table 7 - Shareholders, Thales, December 5, 2019. ...................................................................... 89 Table 8 - Shareholders, Indra Sistemas, December 5, 2019. ......................................................... 90 Table 9 - Shareholders, Safran, December 5, 2019. ...................................................................... 90 Table 10 - Shareholders, Accenture, December 4, 2019. .............................................................. 90 Table 11 - Shareholders, Atos, December 4,2019. ........................................................................ 90 Table 12 - Shareholders, 3M, December 4, 2019. ......................................................................... 91 Table 13 - Shareholders, IBM, December 4, 2019. ........................................................................ 91 Table 14 - Shareholders, HP, December 4, 2019. .......................................................................... 91 Table 15 - Selected European Investment Bank (EiB)-loans to European PMSCs, 2009-2019. Source: EiB website ....................................................................................................................... 95 ADMIGOV 2020 D 1.3 p. 6 The Political Economy of Entry Governance Advancing Alternative Migration Governance List of Figures Figure 1 - The EFFISEC consortium under FP7, divided into Member States, sectors, companies and contracts ................................................................................................................................ 22 Figure 2 - The PERSEUS consortium under FP7, divided into Member States, sectors, companies and contracts ................................................................................................................................ 23 Figure 3 - The ARESIBO consortium under Horizon 2020, divided into Member States, sectors, companies and contracts .............................................................................................................. 23 Figure 4 - The PROTECT consortium under Horizon 2020, divided into Member States, sectors, companies and contracts .............................................................................................................. 24 Figure 5 - The BODEGA consortium under Horizon 2020, divided into coordinator, Member States, sectors, companies and contracts ..................................................................................... 25 Figure 6 – Large contractors on the market for EU border control ............................................... 30 Figure 7 - Timeline over Airbus meetings with Commission representatives, 2015-2019 ............ 32 Figure 8 - Accenture meetings with Commission representatives, 2015-2017 ............................. 33 Figure 9 - Atos meetings with Commission representtives, 2015-2019 ........................................ 33 Figure 10 - Timeline over Leonardo meetings with Commission representatives, 2015-2019 ..... 34 Figure 11 - 3M meetings with Commission representatives, 2014-2017 ...................................... 35 Figure 12 - Timeline over Safran meetings with Commission representatives, 2016-2019 .......... 36 Figure 13 - Timeline 2014-2018 over registered ASD meetings with the European Commission . 42 Figure 14 - Timeline over registered EOS meetings with the European Commission, 2014-2018 44 Figure 15 - Phases and private actors developing interoperable EU borders, 2003-2019 ............ 60 Figure 16 - H2020 project, The autonomous swarm of heterogeneous Robots for BORDER surveillance (ROBORDER) project ................................................................................................. 61 Figure 17 - Digital Single Market Commission representative meetings with biometrics companies, 2015-2019 .................................................................................................................. 62 Figure 18 - EU-Lisa Roundtables, themes and participants, 2014-2019 ....................................... 66 Figure 19 - EES contracts awarded by EU-LISA, 2019 .................................................................... 69 Figure 20 - SIS II contracts awarded by EU-Lisa, 2013-2018 ......................................................... 70 Figure 21 - Eurodac contracts awarded by EU-Lisa, 2013-2018 .................................................... 70 Figure 22 - VIS-contracts awarded by EU-Lisa, 2014-2019 ............................................................ 71 Figure 23 - Early contracts and studies
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