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Texto Completo Libro (Pdf) LAS SENDAS DE LA REGULACIÓN DEL CANNABIS EN ESPAÑA Consejo editorial María Eugenia Aubet - Manuel Cruz Rodríguez - Josep M. Delgado Ribas - Oscar Guasch Andreu - Antonio Izquierdo Escribano - Raquel Osborne - R. Lucas Platero - Oriol Romaní Alfonso - Amelia Sáiz López - Verena Stolcke - Olga Viñuales Sarasa Serie General Universitaria - 191 REGULACIÓN RESPONSABLE (ed.) LAS SENDAS DE LA REGULACIÓN DEL CANNABIS EN ESPAÑA Editor académico: David Pere Martínez Oró edicions bellaterra Diseño de la colección: Joaquín Monclús © Sus autores, 2017 © Regulación responsable, 2017 © David Pere Martínez Oró, 2017 © Edicions Bellaterra, S.L., 2017 Navas de Tolosa, 289 bis. 08026 Barcelona www.ed-bellaterra.com Quedan prohibidos, dentro de los límites establecidos en la ley y bajo los apercibimientos legalmente previstos, la reproducción total o parcial de esta obra por cualquier medio o procedimiento, ya sea electrónico o mecánico, el tratamiento informático, el alquiler o cualquier otra forma de cesión de la obra sin la autorización previa y por escrito de los titulares del copyright. Diríjase a CEDRO (Centro Español de Derechos Reprográficos, http://www.cedro.org) si necesita fotocopiar o escanear algún fragmento de esta obra. Impreso en España Printed in Spain ISBN: 978-84-7290-809-3 Depósito Legal: B. 6.579-2017 Impreso por Prodigitalk. Martorell (Barcelona) Índice Autores, 15 Presentación, 25 A modo de prólogo. Las sendas de la regulación del cannabis en Es- paña, 27 BLOQUE I Los consumos de cannabis en clave sociocultural 1. Cannabis en España. Continuidades y puntos de inflexión históri- cos, 33 Desde la Antigüedad a la Edad Moderna, 33 • Exotismo, literatura y terapéutica durante el siglo XIX y primer tercio del XX, 35 • El Protec- torado de la Zona de Marruecos y la guerra civil, 37 • Los grifotas del franquismo, 38 • Transición y consolidación democrática, 40 • Refe- rencias bibliográficas, 43 2. Consumo de cannabis y prohibicionismo: un comentario sobre lógicas sociales, 45 El uso de las drogas en la lógica de la sociedad de consumo, 45 • El prohibicionismo como contradicción cultural, 48 • La construcción so- cial del no-usuario, 51 • Referencias bibliográficas, 54 3. ¿Qué escenario de regulación podemos esperar en España?, 56 Introducción, 56 • De experimentos y controles, 58 • Respuestas al prohibicionismo: regulación y control social, 64 • Un modelo de regu- lación ahora y aquí, 68 • Referencias bibliográficas, 72 8 Las sendas de la regulación del cannabis en España 4. Cannabis y riesgos. De la alarma a la normalización, 74 Introducción, 74 • Controversias entre expertos y consumidores, 77 • ​ Acceptabilidad del riesgo por parte de los consumidores de canna- bis, 82 • Una reflexión final, 86 • Referencias bibliográficas, 86 5. El papel de los medios de comunicación en la regulación del can- nabis, 89 Una aclaración previa, 89 • Medios de comunicación, hoy, 90 • El papel de los medios, 91 • Ortodoxia prohibicionista: el debate, prohi- bido, 92 • Periodismo cómplice, 93 • Periodismo, y la fuerza de las palabras, 95 • Tiempos de cambio, 97 • ¿Objetividad o posiciona- miento?, 99 • El argumento sanitario, 101 • Conclusión, 102 • Re- ferencias bibliográficas, 103 6. Experiencias de consumo y percepción social de la regulación del cannabis, 104 Introducción, 104 • Metodología, 108 • Resultados, 110 • Discu- sión, 115 • Referencias bibliográficas, 118 BLOQUE II Los movimientos sociales cannábicos en el estado español: de los va- lores de ARSEC a la multiplicidad de acción 7. Veinticinco años del movimiento cannábico español, 123 Introducción, 123 • De una cultura a un movimiento social, 124 • Un nuevo tipo de movimiento social, 125 • Procesos de cambios socia- les, 126 • Un repertorio de acciones colectivas y un grupo de activis- tas, 128 • Los cultivadores, 129 • Los partidos políticos y los medios de comunicación, 130 • Las revistas cannábicas, los grow shops y las peticiones del movimiento, 131 • Características del movimiento can- nábico, 131 • Conclusiones, 133 • Referencias bibliográficas, 134 8. «De petas y tetas». Mujeres y feminismos en la cultura cannábi- ca, 136 Introducción. Del Feminismo a los feminismos, 136 • El feminismo cannábico, 138 • Red Estatal de Mujeres Anti-prohibicionistas, 142 • ​ Algunas reflexiones finales, 142 • Referencias bibliográficas, 144 Índice 9 9. Evolución del activismo cannábico en España, 145 Inicios del activismo cannábico en el Estado español, 145 • Cultivos colectivos. El inicio de los CSC, 149 • Consolidación y maduración del movimiento asociativo, 152 • ¿Crisis del activismo?, 155 • Aná- lisis de la evolución del movimiento cannábico, 155 • Referencias bi- bliográficas, 158 10. Evolución y actualidad de los clubes sociales de cannabis en Eus- kadi, una mirada retrospectiva de los últimos veinte años, 160 Introducción, 160 • Algunas raíces del movimiento social del cannabis en Euskadi 1990-2000, 161 • El inicio de la práctica de los clubes so- ciales de cannabis 2001-2009, 164 • La vía vasca: el proceso de regu- lación e incidencia política en Euskadi 2010-2016, 167 • Consecuencias en los clubes sociales de cannabis a raíz de la ofensiva jurídico-mediáti- ca del Gobierno central 2013-2016, 171 • Luces y sombras del momen- to actual para los clubes sociales de cannabis en Euskadi 2016-2020, 174 ​ • Referencias bibliográficas, 176 11. Autocultivo y autocultivadores de cannabis. Desarrollo del movi- miento y peritaciones de consumos y cultivos, 177 El concepto de autocultivo, 177 • Asociaciones y autocultivo, 179 • ​ Growshops, 180 • Medios de comunicación, 181 • Prohibicionistas, fracaso tras fracaso, 182 • Del vacío a la Regulación Responsa- ble, 183 • ​Los autocultivadores, 183 • La peritación, 184 • ​Estudio exploratorio: autocultivadores españoles en 2017, 186 • Conclusión. De los diez gramos al modelo pacharán y el modelo de los toma- tes, 187 • Referencias bibliográficas, 188 BLOQUE III Cannabis terapéutico: del sistema endocannabionide a la autotención 12. Sistema endocannabinoide y Farmacología del cannabis, 193 Composición química de la planta del cannabis, 193 • Sistema endo- cannabinoide, 195 • Farmacología del cannabis y los cannabinoi- des, 202 • Referencias bibliográficas, 206 10 Las sendas de la regulación del cannabis en España 13. Potencial terapéutico de la marihuana, 208 Experiencia, 208 • Aprendizaje, 209 • Uso de la planta a efectos lú- dicos, medicinales y «de mantenimiento», 212 • ¿Quién solicita can- nabis medicinal y formas de utilización?, 215 • Los prejuicios, la adic- ción y las precauciones, 217 • Bibliografía, 218 14. El placer es mío. Cannabis: ¿autoatención o automedica- ción?, 219 Introducción, 219 • El modelo de adicción como enfermedad, 220 • ​ La in-corporación del placer desde una visión político-cultu- ral, 223 • ¿Autoatención o automedicación?, 225 • Conclusio- nes, 230 • Referencias bibliográficas, 231 BLOQUE IV Educación, responsabilidad y normalización del cannabis 15. El consumo responsable de cannabis en un escenario regula- do, 237 Introducción, 237 • Consumo responsable de cannabis, 238 • Un usuario informado, consciente, con capacidad de reflexionar y deci- dir, 239 • Es un uso adecuado: seguro, moderado y productivo, 239 • ​ La prevención de los usos inadecuados de cannabis en un escenario re- gulado: dificultades actuales y oportunidades tras la regula- ción, 242 • Conclusiones, 247 • Referencias bibliográficas, 250 16. Adolecentes y cannabis ¿Qué podemos hacer?, 251 Introducción, 251 • «María» y adolescentes «tesoro» en época de cri- sis, 252 • No se trata tampoco ahora de curar ni perseguir a yonquis de corta edad, 255 • Las conductas adolescentes no solo son una cuestión de su cerebro, 258 • Las propias respuestas cannábicas del mundo can- nábico, 259 • Una apuesta clara por la reducción de riesgos como mo- delo educativo de responsabilización, 261 • ¿Y si fuman porros, qué?, 262 • Propuestas específicas de políticas sobre drogas para ado- lescentes, 264 • Referencias bibliográficas, 265 Índice 11 BLOQUE V Escenarios internacionalesde los tratados de fiscalización. De Nacio- nes Unidas a las reformas locales 17. El cannabis en las convenciones internacionales sobre drogas. Posibilidades y Desafíos para una regulación, 269 El cannabis en las convenciones internacionales sobre drogas. Posibili- dades y Desafíos para una regulación, 269 • Las convenciones interna- cionales de control de drogas, 272 • La Convención Única sobre Estupe- facientes de 1961, 273 • La Convención sobre Sustancias Psico trópicas de 1971, 275 • Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Tráfico Ilícito de Estupefacientes y Sustancias Psicotrópicas de 1988, 277 • Las experiencias de regulación del cannabis en el sistema internacional de control de drogas: Entre la resistencia y el pragmatismo, 278 • Refe- rencias bibliográficas, 281 18. Una evaluación de la UNGASS 2016. Especial énfasis en las po- líticas de cannabis, 284 La UNGASS 2016, el cannabis y la doctrina Brownfield, 284 • El do- cumento aprobado: las nuevas ideas, 289 • La insuficiencia de los avances: luces y sombras, decepción y futuro, 292 • Referencias bi- bliográficas, 297 19. Política de drogas en México: una cuestión de vida o muerte, 298 Introducción, 298 • Los costos de la prohibición en México, 300 • ​ Beneficios de la reforma: objetivos, metas y opciones políticas, 303 • ​ Propuestas regulatorias, activismo, litigio y cabildeo, 305 • Los casos SMART y Por Grace, 306 • Retos hacia el futuro: resistencias a la re- gulación, 310 • Conclusión, 311 • Referencias bibliográficas, 312 20. Regulación
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