A Bottom up Proposal for a Regulated Cannabis Market
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LAS SENDAS DE LA REGULACIÓN DEL CANNABIS EN ESPAÑA Consejo editorial María Eugenia Aubet - Manuel Cruz Rodríguez - Josep M. Delgado Ribas - Oscar Guasch Andreu - Antonio Izquierdo Escribano - Raquel Osborne - R. Lucas Platero - Oriol Romaní Alfonso - Amelia Sáiz López - Verena Stolcke - Olga Viñuales Sarasa Serie General Universitaria - 191 REGULACIÓN RESPONSABLE (ed.) LAS SENDAS DE LA REGULACIÓN DEL CANNABIS EN ESPAÑA Editor académico: David Pere Martínez Oró edicions bellaterra Diseño de la colección: Joaquín Monclús © Sus autores, 2017 © Regulación responsable, 2017 © David Pere Martínez Oró, 2017 © Edicions Bellaterra, S.L., 2017 Navas de Tolosa, 289 bis. 08026 Barcelona www.ed-bellaterra.com Quedan prohibidos, dentro de los límites establecidos en la ley y bajo los apercibimientos legalmente previstos, la reproducción total o parcial de esta obra por cualquier medio o procedimiento, ya sea electrónico o mecánico, el tratamiento informático, el alquiler o cualquier otra forma de cesión de la obra sin la autorización previa y por escrito de los titulares del copyright. Diríjase a CEDRO (Centro Español de Derechos Reprográficos, http://www.cedro.org) si necesita fotocopiar o escanear algún fragmento de esta obra. Impreso en España Printed in Spain ISBN: 978-84-7290-809-3 Depósito Legal: B. 6.579-2017 Impreso por Prodigitalk. Martorell (Barcelona) Índice Autores, 15 Presentación, 25 A modo de prólogo. Las sendas de la regulación del cannabis en Es- paña, 27 BLOQUE I Los consumos de cannabis en clave sociocultural 1. Cannabis en España. Continuidades y puntos de inflexión históri- cos, 33 Desde la Antigüedad a la Edad Moderna, 33 • Exotismo, literatura y terapéutica durante el siglo XIX y primer tercio del XX, 35 • El Protec- torado de la Zona de Marruecos y la guerra civil, 37 • Los grifotas del franquismo, 38 • Transición y consolidación democrática, 40 • Refe- rencias bibliográficas, 43 2. -
Sunn Hemp Shines in New England
Sunn Hemp Shines in Massachusetts Sam Corcoran & Masoud Hashemi Foreground: Testing out sunn hemp as mulch and fertilizer for garlic, fall 2017; Background: a field of flowering sunn hemp before winterkill, early November. Sunn hemp is a new, summer crop for us in the Northeast. Despite its name, Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) is not related to the industrial hemp you may be familiar with (Cannabis sativa). The Sunn Hemp plant bears only a mild resemblance to Cannabis, and is actually a legume in the same family as peas and beans. As a legume, Sunn Hemp has a relationship with bacteria that convert atmospheric nitrogen into plant-available nitrogen. It is believed that this tropical crop has been grown for hundreds of years, and it remains popular in India, Bangladesh, and Brazil. Sunn Hemp can be used for for- age, fiber, or as a green manure to provide nitrogen to subsequently planted crops. Modern interest in Sunn Hemp in the U.S. surged in Hawaii in the 80’s. Research spread across the southern U.S. in the 90’s through present, with Mid-Atlantic States also taking a recent research inter- est. Within just the past 2-3 years, a few seed companies have start- ed readily supplying Sunn Hemp throughout the U.S. Four years ago, we tried planting this crop at the UMass Research Farm and discovered we can grow Sunn Hemp, too. Despite our cooler climate, the hot summers in Massachusetts are sufficient for this tropical crop; in the 2016 drought, Sunn Hemp remained high performing while other crops suffered. -
Impact of Hemp Legalization on Safety Oversight of Cmv Drivers Office of Drug and Alcohol Policy and Compliance (Odapc)
IMPACT OF HEMP LEGALIZATION ON SAFETY OVERSIGHT OF CMV DRIVERS OFFICE OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL POLICY AND COMPLIANCE (ODAPC) • Author and guardian of 49 CFR Part 40, throughout the Department: • Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) • Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) • Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) • Federal Transit Administration (FTA) • Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA), as well as for the • US Coast Guard (USCG) • ODAPC provides intermodal coordination and ensures a ONE-DOT approach to regulatory, policy, and compliance matters. 2 DOT DRUG TESTING • Drug tests detect recent drug use - NOT impairment. • No impairment standard for drug levels like alcohol levels. • Windows of detection for each drug varies, but marijuana may be detected for up to 30 days based on the employee’s use and physical build. • DOT tests for: • Marijuana (THC) • Opioids (OPI) • Cocaine (COC) • Codeine • Amphetamines (AMP) • Morphine • Amphetamine • 6-AM (heroin) • Methamphetamine • Hydrocodone • MDMA • Hydromorphone • MDA • Oxycodone • Oxymorphone • Phencyclidine (PCP) 3 HEMP AS DEFINED BY THE 2018 FARM BILL Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 [amended to include] Subtitle G— Hemp Production SEC. 297A. [7 U.S.C. 1639o] DEFINITIONS. (1) HEMP.—The term ‘‘hemp’’ means the plant Cannabis sativa L. and any part of that plant, including the seeds thereof and all derivatives, extracts, cannabinoids, isomers, acids, salts, and salts of isomers, whether growing or not, with a delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol concentration of not more than 0.3 percent on a dry weight basis. cannabinoids = THC (Δ9-THC, Δ8-THC), CBD, CBV, CBN, CBC, CBG, CBL…. 4 HEMP VS MARIJUANA Hemp Marijuana • Cannabis sativa L. species • Cannabis sativa L. -
Hoe Begin Ik Een
HOW TO SET UP A CSC IN 4 STEPS Presentation by Joep Oomen, Encod SPAIN • Since 2005, approx. 200 clubs have been set up • Legal basis: cultivation for personal use is not prosecuted • Some clubs have thousands of members, consumption room, open daily • One Spanish village (Rasquera, Catalonia) is ready to produce for CSC’s, regional authorities are considering legal regulation for clubs • www.fac.cc BELGIUM • One CSC: Trekt Uw Plant, operating since 2010 • Legal basis: ministerial guideline allowing 1 plant per adult • TUP has 300 members, 2 regional sections • 14 growers, with a max. of 32 plants each • Every 2/3 months: harvest • Information on homegrowing, healthier ways of growing and consuming, lobby for cannabis regulation • www.trektuwplant.be FRANCE • Initiative to organise collectives who wish to work along the CSC guidelines since July 2012 • Legal basis: none – it is an act of civil disobedience • 150 initiatives around the country, first meeting to agree on common principles in december 2012 • Facebook: Cannabis Social Club Français GERMANY • Facebook page to promote the idea • Legal basis: none – it is an act of civil disobedience • In February 2012, a hearing on CSC’s took place in German parliament • Facebook: Pro Cannabis Social Club's für Deutschland UNITED KINGDOM • Website to promote the idea • Legal basis: none – it is an act of civil disobedience • Some 50 clubs exist on the website – unclear if they are active or not • www.cannabiscure.co.uk ITALY • Several initiatives to open the discussion • Legal basis: none – -
Sproutman's Hemp Sprouting
Sproutman’s Hemp Sprouting Bag Invented circa 1979 by Steve Meyerowitz, Sproutman® 1. Sterilize your new sprout bag by turning it inside cause problems. 3. Soak ½ cup of out and bathing it in boiling water for only 5 minutes. seed (see chart) in a jar overnight—- 2. Purchase seeds that are specifically adapted for about 8 hours—no more. Use a jar sprouting. Seeds from food store bulk bins typically with 16-32 ounces of pure water. Leave hanging or set in a bowl after dripping stops 4. After the 8 hrs., pour the soaked seeds into the wet, pre-washed sprout bag. Pull the draw string closed. Rinse by dipping the bag into a bowl of water or soaking it in the sink. Soak for at least 1 minute. Then hang it on a hook or knob or lay it in the dish rack or dishwasher rack. 5. Rinse twice per day, about 12 hours apart. Think of feeding them (watering) when you have breakfast and dinner. Just dip and hang! It only takes a minute! You’ve now got the basic steps. Variety #Grow Days Amount Skill Level Spelt 2-3 4-8 oz Easy Hard Wheat 2-3 4-8 oz Easy Kamut 2-3 4-8 oz Easy Soft Wheat 2-3 4-8 oz Easy Green Pea 4-5 4-8 oz Easy Lentil 4-5 4-8 oz Easy Mung 4-5 4-8 oz Easy Hulled Sunflower 2 4-8 oz Easy Radish 5-6 2-3 oz Easy Adzuki 4-5 4-8 oz Medium Broccoli 6 2-3 oz Medium Fenugreek 6 2-3 oz Medium Alfalfa 6-7 2-3 oz Medium Clover 6-7 2-3 oz Medium Chick Pea 4-5 4-8 oz Hard Soybean 4-5 4-8 oz Hard Chia 12 2-3 oz Very Hard About the Chart The sprout bag is very versatile and grows most sprout seeds. -
How Can the Lens of Human Rights Provide a New Perspective on Drug Control and Point to Different Ways of Regulating Drug Consumption?
How can the lens of human rights provide a new perspective on drug control and point to different ways of regulating drug consumption? A thesis submitted to The University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Humanities 2015 Melissa L. Bone School of Law Table of Contents Index of Tables……………………………………………………………………..….5 Table of Cases………………………………………….………………………………6 Table of Statutes, Treaties and Legislative Instruments……………………………....10 List of Abbreviations…………………………………………………………………15 Abstract………………………………………………...…………………………….18 Candidate’s Declaration and Copyright Statement…………………………………...19 Acknowledgements…………………………………...……………………………...20 Introduction………………………………………………………………..…………22 Chapter 1: Understanding the origin and value of human rights and psychoactive consumption………………………………………………………………………….32 1.1 What are human rights and where have they come from?………..……………….33 1.2 Human right foundations and the question of importance…………...……………36 1.3 The grounds for human rights…………………………………………….………42 1.3.1 ‘The universalist challenge’…………………………………………..46 1.4 The origin and value of human psychoactive consumption……………………….49 1.5 Conclusion……………………………………………………………..…………54 Chapter 2: Understanding how human rights can address the drug policy binary: the conflict between the interests of the State and the interests of the individual………….55 2.1 Defining ‘the State’……………………………………………………...………..56 2.2 Identifying four ‘typical philosophical positions and the binary which underpins them……………………………………………………………….………………….62 -
Hemp Testing Guidelines Issued January 15, 2021
Laboratory Testing Guidelines U.S. Domestic Hemp Production Program Issued January 15, 2021 Purpose: 1. Standard testing procedures are specified for samples taken in accordance with the Sampling Procedures for the USDA Hemp Production Program to measure the total delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) concentration levels of samples on a dry weight basis. 2. The results are intended to measure the total THC concentration of composite hemp samples collected from a “lot” of hemp crop acreage designated by a hemp producer and as reported to USDA as required under the USDA Hemp Production Program. The purpose of the measurements is to determine whether the total THC concentration of the tested material is within the acceptable hemp THC level. Scope: 1. Hemp grown under a USDA, State, or Tribal hemp production plan is subject to sampling and compliance testing for THC concentration. Certain producers, including research institutions and facilities growing immature plants may have different testing requirements depending on the applicable State or Tribal plan and regulations. 2. Tests shall measure the total THC concentration in a sample submitted to a laboratory for analysis. The laboratory will perform chemical analysis on the sample using post- decarboxylation or other similarly reliable methods where the total THC concentration level considers the potential to convert delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) into THC. 3. The total delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol concentration level shall be determined and reported on a dry weight basis. 4. Laboratories shall calculate and include the Measurement of Uncertainty (MU) when they report THC concentration test results. “Measurement of uncertainty” is defined as “the parameter, associated with the result of a measurement, that characterizes the dispersion of the values that could reasonably be attributed to the particular quantity subject to measurement.” USDA does not establish or standardize an upper or lower boundary for general use by laboratories to calculate a measurement of uncertainty. -
Hemp-Derived Cannabidiol (CBD) and Related Hemp Extracts
Updated June 21, 2019 Hemp-Derived Cannabidiol (CBD) and Related Hemp Extracts Cannabidiol (CBD) is a plant-derived compound from through a variety of channels, including specialty retailers Cannabis sativa, the species of plant that includes both (e.g., natural grocery stores, tobacco shops, yoga studios), hemp and marijuana, but from different plant varieties or direct-to-consumer online sales, farmers’ markets, herbal cultivars. CBD is the primary nonpsychoactive compound practitioners, and large retailers. in cannabis, whereas tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is cannabis’s primary psychoactive compound. CBD is Figure 1. U.S. Hemp-Based Product Sales, 2017 promoted as treatment for a range of conditions—including epileptic seizures, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and inflammation—despite limited scientific evidence to substantiate many of these claims. In the United States, CBD is marketed in a range of consumer products—food and beverages, dietary supplements, personal care products, and cosmetics—subject to regulation by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Consumer products containing plant-based CBD are either hemp- or marijuana-derived. Market for Hemp-Derived CBD The 2018 farm bill (Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018, P.L. 115-334) included a number of provisions intended to facilitate the commercial cultivation, processing, marketing, and sale of hemp in the United States, expanding on policies enacted in the previous farm bill. It expanded the statutory definition of what constitutes hemp to include: Source: Hemp Business Journal estimates. Percent of gross revenues. Figure 2. Hemp-Derived Supplement Market, 2018 the plant Cannabis sativa L. and any part of that plant, including the seeds thereof and all derivatives, extracts, cannabinoids, isomers, acids, salts, and salts of isomers, whether growing or not, with a delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol [delta-9 THC] concentration of not more than 0.3 percent on a dry weight basis. -
Autoimmune Protocol Food List
Autoimmune Protocol Food List The Paleo Autoimmune Protocol (AIP) eliminates certain primal foods that can sometimes trigger inflammation in people with autoimmune disease (dairy, eggs, nightshades, nuts and seeds). AIP isn’t necessarily easy – it definitely takes commitment. If you have an autoimmune condition and you want to get on top of it, then you’re going to need to do AIP 100%. We want everyone to be able to enjoy the benefits of our 10 Week Program and reclaim their health, so we have designed recipes to suit those following this protocol. We have also put together this supporting list of foods that are suitable for an Autoimmune Protocol. © PETE EVANS CHEF PTY LTD 2015. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED © PETE EVANS CHEF PTY LTD 2015. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Vegetables & Fruits Protein Fats Organic is best Naturally pasture fed and sustainably raised EAT EAT EAT Vegetables of all kinds (8 – 14 cups / day) Quality meats (Pastured, grass-fed, organic) Avocados As much variety as much possible Poultry in moderation due to high omega-6 Coconut Colourful vegetables and fruit Beef Fatty fish Cruciferous vegetables Buffalo Pastured, grass-fed animal fats Arugula Chicken Olives Broccoli Duck Brussels sprouts Elk Probiotic foods Cabbage Lamb Kale Pheasant EAT Mustard greens Pork Coconut milk kefir Turnips Rabbit Coconut milk yogurt Watercress Turkey Fermented vegetables or fruit Sea Vegetables Venison Kombucha Excluding algae e.g. Chlorella, Spirulina Wild boar Water kefir Organ meat and offal NOTE: AVOID Aim for 5 times a week, the more the better You can also improve your intake of Nightshades Fish and shellfish (Wild is best) important trace minerals by switching to Himalayan pink salt or “dirty” sea salt. -
Hemp Recipes
Hemp Recipes © Daphne Lambert Hemp drink There are 2 ways of making this drink either with un-hulled or hulled seeds. You can vary the ratios depending on your taste and texture preference. 100g un-hulled hemp seeds 400ml water blender, sieve, muslin Add the hemp and water to a blender and blend for around a minute or until smooth with no visible husks. Place the muslin cloth into a sieve or colander over a large bowl or jug and pour in the milk. Squeeze the cloth to get out as much of the milk as you can. Add the husk pulp to your compost. If you have a very good high powered blender you may find there is very little husk left after blending and none to remove. It depends how smooth you want the end product. Store in a glass bottle in the fridge for up to 2/3 days 100g hulled hemp seeds 500ml water blender Blend well. Will keep in the fridge for up to 2/3 days Chocolate hemp drink serves 2 75g hulled hemp seeds ½ litre water 2 teaspoons raw cacao powder 1 teaspoon honey Blend well together. Will keep in the fridge for up to 2/3 days Buckwheat & hemp breakfast serves 1 handful of sprouted buckwheat 1 dessertspoon pumpkin seeds 1 dessertspoon sunflower seeds 1 teaspoon honey 120 ml hemp drink seasonal fruit (blackberries, chopped apple, poached rhubarb, strawberries) 1 heaped tablespoon hulled hemp seeds Soak the buckwheat and seeds with the honey in the hemp drink overnight. Serve topped with your chosen fruit and hemp seeds. -
Industrial Hemp (Cannabis Sativa Subsp
molecules Review Industrial Hemp (Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa) as an Emerging Source for Value-Added Functional Food Ingredients and Nutraceuticals H. P. Vasantha Rupasinghe 1,* , Amy Davis 1, Shanthanu K. Kumar 2, Beth Murray 1 and Valtcho D. Zheljazkov 3 1 Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada; [email protected] (A.D.); [email protected] (B.M.) 2 Section of Horticulture, School of Integrative Plant Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA; [email protected] 3 Department of Crop and Soil Science, 431A Crop Science Building, 3050 SW Campus Way, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Academic Editor: Severina Pacifico Received: 5 August 2020; Accepted: 2 September 2020; Published: 7 September 2020 Abstract: Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L., Cannabaceae) is an ancient cultivated plant originating from Central Asia and historically has been a multi-use crop valued for its fiber, food, and medicinal uses. Various oriental and Asian cultures kept records of its production and numerous uses. Due to the similarities between industrial hemp (fiber and grain) and the narcotic/medical type of Cannabis, the production of industrial hemp was prohibited in most countries, wiping out centuries of learning and genetic resources. In the past two decades, most countries have legalized industrial hemp production, prompting a significant amount of research on the health benefits of hemp and hemp products. Current research is yet to verify the various health claims of the numerous commercially available hemp products. -
How Higher Education Can Support Cannabis Career Pathways by Becky
Creating a qualified cannabis workforce: How higher education can support cannabis career pathways by Becky E. Black B.S., California State University Long Beach, 1987 M.A., Phillips Graduate Institute, 1995 AN ABSTRACT OF A DISSERATION submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF EDUCATION Department of Adult Learning and Leadership College of Education KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2020 Abstract Background The popularity of medicinal and recreational cannabis is increasing the need for a trained workforce. The purpose of this study is to examine the workforce needs of the cannabis industry from the perspective of cannabis industry experts. The findings will assist institutions that are providing or plan to offer cannabis academic courses and programs. To meet and respond to the dynamic evolution of the cannabis industry, colleges will need to be nimble or find ways to be nimble. Methods This qualitative study utilized Heidegger's interpretative phenomenological research design to capture the essence of eight cannabis industry professionals’ (three females, five males) experience and interpretation of the workforce needs of the growing cannabis industry. Purposive sampling and snowball sampling determined the subjects for the remotely recorded, unstructured, six-question, in-depth interviews. The interviews ranged in length from 49 minutes to 126 minutes. The researcher transcribed the interviews verbatim, then coded and analyzed results for themes and implications for practice. The purpose of this methodology is to describe the essence of the research subjects’ lived experiences. The researcher did not bracket their biases. Results Research subjects had from two months to 12 years of experience working in the legal cannabis industry; from three years being affiliated with the cannabis industry and up to 43 years being in the black or black and gray market.