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French (12.86Mb) NATIONS UNIES UNEP/MED WG.482/18 PROGRAMME DES NATIONS UNIES POUR L’ENVIRONNEMENT PLAN D’ACTION POUR LA MÉDITERRANÉE 2 novembre 2020 Français Original : anglais Réunions intégrées des groupes de correspondance de l'approche écosystémique sur la mise en œuvre de l’IMAP (CORMONs) Vidéoconférence, 1-3 décembre 2020 Point 5 de l’ordre du jour : Sessions CORMON parallèles (Pollution et déchets marins, et Biodiversité et pêche) Directives/Protocoles de contrôle concernant la préparation et l’analyse des échantillons des échantillons des produits de la mer pour l’indicateur commun 20 de l’IMAP : métaux lourds, éléments traces et polluants organiques Pour des raisons environnementales et économiques, le tirage du présent document a été restreint. Les participants sont priés d’apporter leur copie à la réunion et de ne pas demander de copies supplémentaires. PNUE/PAM Athènes, 2020 Table des matières 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1 2 Note technique pour l'analyse des échantillons de tissus de poissons et de fruits de mer pour la recherche de métaux lourds ...................................................................................................................... 3 Protocole pour la digestion des tissus du biote à l'aide d'acide nitrique ............................................... 6 Protocole pour l’analyse des métaux lourds à l'aide de la AAS ........................................................... 7 Protocole pour l’analyse des métaux lourds avec la GF-AAS ............................................................. 8 Protocole pour l’analyse des métaux lourds par ICP-MS .................................................................... 8 Protocole pour l'analyse du Hg total dans les échantillons d'origine marine par spectrométrie d'absorption atomique à vapeur froide (CV-AAS) ............................................................................... 9 3 Note technique pour l'analyse d'échantillons de tissus de fruits de mer pour la recherche de contaminants organiques ..................................................................................................................... 10 Protocole pour l'analyse des dioxines et des PCB de type dioxine par GC-HRMS ........................... 12 Protocole pour l'analyse des PCB autres que les dioxines dans les fruits de mer par GC-ECD ........ 13 Protocole pour l'analyse des PCB autres que les dioxines dans les fruits de mer par GC-MS ........... 14 Protocole pour l'analyse du benzo(a)pyrène (HAP) dans les fruits de mer par GC-FID .................... 15 Protocole pour l'analyse des benzo(a)pyrènes (HAP) dans les fruits de mer par GC-MS ................. 16 Annexes - Annex I: EU Commission Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006, setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in seafood (1.1.2.); - Annex II: EU Commission Regulation (EC) No 333/2007, laying down the methods of sampling and analysis for the official control of the levels of lead, cadmium, mercury, inorganic tin, 3-MCPD and benzo(a)pyrene in foodstuffs (1.1.3.); - Annex III: EU Commission Regulation (EC) No 644/2017. Laying down methods of sampling and analysis for the control of levels of dioxins, dioxin-like PCBs and non-dioxin-like PCBs in certain foodstuffs (1.1.4); - Annex IV: EU Commission Regulation (EC) No 1259/2011, amending Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 as regards maximum levels for dioxins, dioxin-like PCBs and non-dioxin-like PCBs in foodstuffs (1.1.9); - Annex V: IAEA (2012). Analysis of trace metals in biological and sediment samples: Laboratory procedure book (IAEA/Marine Environmental Studies Laboratory in co-operation with UNEP/MAP MED POL) (4.1.1); - Annex VI: IAEA (2012b). Recommended method on the determination of Total Hg in samples or marine origin by Cold Vapour Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (5.1.3); - Annex VII: HELCOM (2012). Manual for marine monitoring in the COMBINE programme. Annex B-12, Appendix 4: Technical note on the determination of trace metallic elements in biota (5.1.1.); - Annex VIII: HELCOM (2012b). COMBINE Annex B-12, Appendix 4, Attachment 1. Technical note on the determination of Total Mercury in marine biota by Cold Vapour Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (5.1.4.); - Annex IX: US EPA (1994) US-EPA Method 200.8: Determination of trace elements in waters and wastes by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (5.1.2.); - Annex X: UNEP/IAEA (2011). Sample work-up for the analysis of selected chlorinated hydrocarbons in the marine environment. Reference Methods for Marine Pollution Studies No 71. (4.2.1.); - Annex XI: IAEA (2013). Recommended method for the determination of petroleum hydrocarbons in biological samples (5.2.2.); - Annex XII: HELCOM (2012c). Manual for marine monitoring in the COMBINE programme. Annex B-12, Appendix 3. Technical note on the determination of chlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in biota (5.2.1.); - Annex XIII: HELCOM (2012d). Manual for marine monitoring in the COMBINE programme. Annxe B-12, Appendix 2. Technical Note on the determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Biota (5.2.3); - Annex XIV: ICES/OSPAR (2008). JAMP Guidelines for monitoring contaminants in biota and sediments. ANNEX 1: Polyaromatic hydrocarbons in biota - Determination of parent and alkylated PAHs in biological materials (5.2.4.); - Annex XV: US EPA (1994) Method 1613, Revision B: Tetra- through octachlorinated dioxins and furans by isotope dilution HRGC/HRMS, EPA 821-B94-0059. Office of Water, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC (9.2.1.); - Annex XVI: US EPA (2008) Method 1668, Revision B: Chlorinated biphenyl congeners in water, soil, sediment, and tissue by HRGC/HRMS, EPA-821-R-08-020. Office of Water, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC (9.2.2.); - Annex XVII: Maximum levels for certain foodstuffs, Heavy Metals – (EC) Regulation 1881/2006; - Annex XVIII: References. Note du Secrétariat Conformément au programme de travail 2020-2021 adopté par la COP21, le programme MED POL a préparé les lignes directrices de surveillance relatives aux indicateurs communs 13, 14, 17 et 20 de l’IMAP en vue de leur examen lors de la réunion intégrée des groupes de correspondance sur la surveillance de l’approche écosystémique (CORMON) (décembre 2020), tandis que les lignes directrices de surveillance pour l’indicateur commun 18 ainsi que les lignes directrices de surveillance relatives à l’assurance qualité et à la communication des données sont en cours de finalisation en vue de leur examen lors de la réunion du CORMON sur la surveillance de la pollution prévue en avril 2021. Ces lignes directrices de surveillance contiennent des manuels cohérents destinés à guider le personnel technique des laboratoires compétents IMAP des Parties contractantes pour la mise en œuvre des pratiques de surveillance normalisées et harmonisées liées à un indicateur commun IMAP spécifique (c’est-à-dire l’échantillonnage, la conservation et le transport des échantillons, la préparation et l’analyse des échantillons, ainsi que l’assurance qualité et la communication des données de surveillance). Pour la première fois, ces lignes directrices présentent un résumé des meilleures pratiques connues disponibles et utilisées dans la surveillance du milieu marin, en exposant des pratiques analytiques globales intégrées qui pourront être appliquées afin de garantir la représentativité et l’exactitude des résultats analytiques nécessaires à la production de données de surveillance de qualité assurée. Les lignes directrices/protocoles de surveillance s’appuient sur les connaissances et les pratiques acquises au cours des 40 années de mise en œuvre de la surveillance du MED POL et sur des publications récentes, mettant en évidence les pratiques actuelles des laboratoires maritimes des Parties contractantes ainsi que d’autres pratiques issues des conventions sur les mers régionales et de l’Union européenne. Une analyse approfondie des pratiques actuellement disponibles du PNUE/PAM, du PNUE et de l’AIEA ainsi que d’HELCOM, d’OSPAR et du Centre commun de recherche de la Commission européenne a été entreprise afin de contribuer à une approche novatrice pour la préparation des lignes directrices/protocoles de surveillance de l’IMAP. Les lignes directrices/protocoles de surveillance abordent également les problèmes identifiés lors de la réalisation des épreuves de compétence organisées par l’UNEP/MAP-MEDPOL et l’AIEA depuis deux décennies maintenant, les nombreux résultats insatisfaisants dans le cadre des tests inter laboratoires pouvant être liés à des pratiques inadéquates au sein des laboratoires compétents de l’IMAP/MEDPOL. Afin de soutenir les efforts nationaux, les présentes Lignes directrices pour la préparation des échantillons et l'analyse des produits de la mer pour l'Indicateur commun 20 du IMAP contiennent les deux notes techniques suivantes : a) Note technique pour l'analyse des échantillons de produits de la mer pour les métaux lourds, qui comprend les cinq protocoles suivants : i) Protocole pour la digestion des tissus du biote par l'acide nitrique ; ii) Protocole pour l'analyse des métaux lourds par spectroscopie d'absorption atomique de flamme (F-AAS) ; iii) Protocole pour l'analyse des métaux lourds par spectroscopie d'absorption atomique en four graphite (GF-AAS) ; iv) Protocole pour l'analyse des métaux lourds par spectroscopie de masse à plasma inductif (ICP-MS) ; v) Protocole pour l'analyse du mercure total par spectrométrie
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