DOCSLIB.ORG

UNIFACE Component-Based Development Methodology Revision 0

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
UNIFACE Component-Based Development Methodology Revision 0 UNIFACE Component-based Development Methodology UNIFACE V7.2 151157206-00 Revision 0 Dec 2000 UMET UNIFACE V7.2 UNIFACE Component-based Development Methodology Revision 0 Restricted Rights Notice This document and the product referenced in it are subject to the following legends: © 1997-2000 Compuware Corporation. All rights reserved. Unpublished - rights reserved under the Copyright Laws of the United States. U.S. GOVERNMENT RIGHTS-Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in Compuware Corporation license agreement and as provided in DFARS 227.7202-1(a) and 227.7202-3(a) (1995), DFARS 252.227-7013(c)(1)(ii)(OCT 1988), FAR 12.212(a) (1995), FAR 52.227-19, or FAR 52.227-14 (ALT III), as applicable. Compuware Corporation. This product contains confidential information and trade secrets of Compuware Corporation. Use, disclosure, or reproduction is prohibited without the prior express written permission of Compuware Corporation. Trademarks Compuware is a registered trademark of Compuware Corporation and UNIFACE is a registered trademark of Compuware Europe B.V. CICS, DB2, IBM, and OS/2 are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation. SOLID Server (TM), SOLID Bonsai Tree (TM), SOLID Remote Control (TM), and SOLID SQL Editor (TM) are trademarks of Solid Information Technology Ltd. All other company or product names used in this publication are trademarks of their respective owners. 24-hour online customer support and learning MyUNIFACE is an Internet-based support and learning environment which provides real-time access to a wealth of UNIFACE product and technical information. Features include online product documentation, technical tips and know-how, up-to-date platform availability, product fixes, course information, online training, and live communication with fellow developers. You can obtain full access privileges for MyUNIFACE by completing an online registration form (customer license information is required) at http://myuniface.com/. For the latest version of the documentation always check the UNIFACE Library on the MyUNIFACE site. Your suggestions and comments about UNIFACE documentation and course material are highly valued. Please send your reactions to: Compuware Europe B.V. Delivery Methods & Practices P. O. Box 12933 1100 AX Amsterdam e-mail: DM&[email protected] The Netherlands fax: +31 (0)20 311-6213 UNIFACE V7.2 Contents 1 Introduction 1.1 Objects and components . .1-3 1.2 What is an object? . .1-3 1.2.1 Object structure . .1-3 1.2.2 Object behavior . .1-4 1.2.3 Encapsulation. .1-4 1.3 What is a component?. .1-6 1.3.1 Design by Contract . .1-7 1.3.2 Component interfaces. .1-8 1.3.3 Data hiding. .1-9 1.4 Why develop component-based applications? . .1-10 1.4.1 Adding new functionality. .1-10 1.4.2 Reusing components. .1-10 1.4.3 Easier maintenance of existing functionality . .1-11 1.4.4 Replacing components with other components. .1-12 1.4.5 Separating application layers. .1-12 1.4.6 Assembly of applications is simplified with components . .1-13 1.4.7 Scalability . .1-13 1.5 Why a new component-based modeling technique? . .1-14 2 Component-based development process 2.1 Inception . .2-3 2.2 The Modeling Process . .2-8 2.3 Modeling process—analysis . .2-10 2.3.1 Business function modeling. .2-11 2.3.2 Object modeling . .2-13 2.3.3 Behavioral modeling . .2-15 UNIFACE Component-based Development Methodology (Dec 2000) iii UNIFACE V7.2 2.4 Modeling process—design . .2-21 2.4.1 Component model design . .2-22 2.4.2 Component design . .2-28 2.4.3 Relational model design . .2-30 2.4.4 Business rule design . .2-31 2.4.5 Inter-component communication design . .2-32 2.4.6 UNIFACE design implementation . .2-33 2.5 Development . .2-34 2.6 Incremental development approach. .2-35 2.6.1 Incremental development process. .2-36 2.6.2 Prioritizing increments. .2-37 2.7 Iterative development approach . .2-38 2.8 Prototyping approach . .2-40 2.8.1 Exploratory prototyping . .2-41 2.8.2 Experimental prototyping . .2-42 2.9 Quality assurance . .2-44 2.9.1 Testing . .2-45 2.9.2 White box testing . .2-45 2.9.3 Black Box Testing . .2-46 2.9.4 Testing Techniques. .2-48 2.9.5 Deployment . .2-49 2.9.6 Service level management . .2-50 2.9.7 Usability measurement . .2-50 2.10 Summary . .2-50 Appendix A Sample use case description iv (Dec 2000) UNIFACE V7.2 Chapter 1 Introduction Component-based development represents a significant paradigm shift in application development. While component-based development techniques have been used effectively in engineering and manufacturing circles for many years, their application to software development is relatively recent. The techniques came about in response to many of the issues facing IT organizations today: reducing time to market, responding more rapidly to change, and providing the flexibility to change the scale or scope of functionality to keep pace with changes in the business. There are some inherent challenges in applying component-based development techniques to software development. Until now, it has been usual practice to design and build large, monolithic systems that perform very specific functions. Component-based development, however, employs a three-phase approach of modeling reusable, interchangeable components, constructing the components, and assembling them into a complete application. Component-based applications are quite different from those developed in the past, and the process for developing component-based applications is also very different. Therefore, Compuware has developed a new methodology to address the particular demands of component-based development. A software engineering methodology is a process for the organized production of software using a collection of predefined techniques and notation conventions. A methodology is usually presented as a series of steps, with techniques and deliverables associated with each step. The UNIFACE component-based development methodology uses industry-standard object-oriented modeling techniques and notation incorporated in the Unified Modeling Language (UML). This component-based methodology addresses the entire system development life cycle, conceived specifically to deliver the optimum design for component-based applications. To achieve this goal, a thorough UNIFACE Component-based Development Methodology (Dec 2000) 1-1 UNIFACE V7.2 understanding of the internal workings and goals of the business must first be established. UML provides a means to model and communicate an understanding of the business through a standard set of techniques and notations. Ultimately, UML deliverables are used to populate the UNIFACE application models and component models. This methodology embodies the UNIFACE 3D paradigm of component-based development, component-based deployment and component-based delivery. It is designed to provide a high degree of productivity and rapid response to change. Component-based development is divided into the following main activities: • Modeling •Construction •Assembly Figure 1-1 shows the relative effort required in each of the activities during the application development cycle. Modeling (Analysis & Design) Construction t r Assembly o f f E Elapsed time Figure 1-1 Component-based development. UML provides an excellent means to model and communicate an understanding of the business. Before discussing where UML techniques are specifically applied in component-based modeling, refer first to section 1.1 Objects and components. 1-2 (Dec 2000) Introduction UNIFACE V7.2 The UNIFACE component-based development methodology enhances Compuware’s tools for modeling, construction and assembly of component-based applications, and provides a practical methodology for the successful development of large-scale component-based systems. 1.1 Objects and components Before considering the UML techniques applied in modeling, it is important to understand the answers to the following questions: • What is an object? • What is a component? • Why develop component-based applications? • Why use a new component-based modeling technique? 1.2 What is an object? An object is a specific, real-world item that you need to keep information about and use in order to conduct your business. For example, a retailer of computer equipment might require objects such as Computer Equipment, Peripheral Devices, Vendors, and Clients to conduct their business. These objects are important to the business, so it is necessary to keep relevant information about them. This information is expressed as the structure and behavior of the objects. 1.2.1 Object structure The structure of an object is defined as a group of ‘attributes’. Attributes are the individual data items that are used to describe an object within the context of the business. For example, the structure of the Computer Equipment object might consist of: • Serial Number • Model Number • Manufacturer UNIFACE Component-based Development Methodology (Dec 2000) 1-3 UNIFACE V7.2 •Cost • Retail Price The structure defined for an object must be consistent for all occurrences of that object. 1.2.2 Object behavior The behavior of an object is defined as ‘operations’. Operations are the distinct functions performed by an object within the scope of the business. For example, the behavior of the Computer Equipment object can include the following: • Order Equipment • Receive Equipment • Sell Equipment The behavior defined for an object must be consistent for all occurrences of the object. 1.2.3 Encapsulation From the descriptions in section 1.2.1 Object structure and section 1.2.2 Object behavior, you might conclude that the object’s structure is similar to data specifications, and that the object’s behavior is similar to process specifications. This conclusion can be correct. However, prior to the use of object-oriented design techniques, data design and process design were addressed separately. When object-oriented design techniques such as UML are used, there is no separation between structure (data) and behavior (process).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • UC Berkeley International Association of Obsidian Studies Bulletin
    UC Berkeley International Association of Obsidian Studies Bulletin Title IAOS Bulletin 59 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3r35f908 Author Dillian, Carolyn D., [email protected] Publication Date 2018-06-15 eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California IAOS International Association for Obsidian Studies Bulletin ISSN: 2310-5097 Number 59 Summer 2018 CONTENTS International Association for Obsidian Studies News and Information ………………………… 1 President Kyle Freund Notes from the President……....……….………. 2 Past President Rob Tykot MatLab for OHD Calculations…………………..9 Secretary-Treasurer Matt Boulanger Obsidian Macro-Core from Belize…………..…19 Bulletin Editor Carolyn Dillian Poverty Point’s Obsidian……………………….28 Webmaster Craig Skinner Instructions for Authors …..……………………42 About the IAOS………………………………...43 Web Site: http://members.peak.org/~obsidian/ Membership Application ………………………44 NEWS AND INFORMATION CONSIDER PUBLISHING IN THE NEWS AND NOTES IAOS BULLETIN Have news or announcements to share? The Bulletin is a twice-yearly publication that reaches Send them to [email protected] for a wide audience in the obsidian community. Please the next issue of the IAOS Bulletin. review your research notes and consider submitting an article, research update, news, or lab report for publication in the IAOS Bulletin. Articles and inquiries can be sent to [email protected] Thank you for your help and support! CALL FOR NOMINATIONS Kyle Freund has just begun his responsibilities as IAOS President, and Rob Tykot has stepped into the position of Past President for the coming year. That means that it’s now time for nominations for our next IAOS President. Elections will be held this winter and the winner announced at the 2019 IAOS meeting at the SAAs in Albuquerque.
    [Show full text]
  • Lithic Technological Organization, Mobility, and Landscape Use from Jakes Valley, Nevada
    University of Nevada, Reno Paleoindian Occupations in the Great Basin: A Comparative Study of Lithic Technological Organization, Mobility, and Landscape Use from Jakes Valley, Nevada A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Anthropology By Mark B. Estes Dr. Gary Haynes/Thesis Advisor May, 2009 Copyright by Mark B. Estes 2009 All Rights Reserved THE GRADUATE SCHOOL We recommend that the thesis prepared under our supervision by MARK B. ESTES entitled Paleoindian Occupations In The Great Basin: A Comparative Study Of Lithic Technological Organization, Mobility, And Landscape Use From Jakes Valley, Nevada be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Gary Haynes, Ph.D., Advisor Michael R. Bever, Ph.D., Committee Member Ted Goebel, Ph.D., Committee Member P. Kyle House, Ph.D., Graduate School Representative Marsha H. Read, Ph. D., Associate Dean, Graduate School May, 2009 i Abstract Previous research on Paleoindian occupations in the Great Basin has provided many more questions than answers. Central to understanding this early period is the relationship between its Western Fluted and Western Stemmed Tradition occupants. Little is known of the temporal, cultural, and technological behaviors of Western Fluted peoples, while the Western Stemmed Tradition inhabitants are only slightly better understood. This thesis presents the results of intensive technological studies that focused on determining raw material provisioning strategies, lithic conveyance zones, and landscape use to identify mobility and settlement patterns. Lithic assemblages from 19 Paleoindian era occupations, encompassing several environmental zones within Jakes Valley in eastern Nevada, provide data on the technological organization and movement patterns of early humans in the Great Basin, and reveal previously unknown behaviors that help differentiate the early hunter-gatherer groups who made Fluted and Stemmed projectile points.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 13 Chipped Stone Bifaces As Cultural, Behavioural, And
    Chapter 13 Chipped Stone Bifaces as Cultural, Behavioural, and Temporal Indices on the Central Canadian Plateau Mike K. Rousseau Antiquus Archaeological Consultants Ltd., Maple Ridge B.C. V4R 0A8 • Email: [email protected] Over the last three and a half decades, archaeo- to successfully extract and utilize resources within logical investigations on the Canadian Plateau have a wide range of local environmental niches, and to resulted in definition of several ubiquitous and cope with significant environmental and climatic distinctive chipped stone formed bifacial projectile changes spanning many millennia. Chipped stone point and knife types. Many have been successfully bifaces were an important and integral aspect of employed as temporal horizon markers for relative these cultural and technological systems, and with dating, others for interpreting and reconstructing the proper reconstruction and understanding of past human behaviour, and a few have been used for their role(s) and significance, a great deal of behav- developing models of cultural/ethnic group origins, ioral and ethnic information can be inferred from identity, and inter-regional group interaction. This them. chapter provides general and detailed descriptions The Early Prehistoric (pre-contact) Period from of recognized “diagnostic” biface types found on the ca. 11,000 to 7000 BP is still very poorly understood, central aspect of Canadian Plateau (Figure 1) over nevertheless, both solid and tenuous data have been the last 11,000 years. It also summarizes what is gathered. Rousseau (1993) and Stryd and Rousseau currently known about initial appearance and ter- (1996:179−185) have summarized what is currently mination dates for various bifacial implement forms known, and additional information is presented and their persistence through time; suspected and/or herein.
    [Show full text]
  • Knife River Flint Distribution and Identification in Montana
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 2016 Knife River Flint Distribution and Identification in Montana Laura Evilsizer University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Indigenous Studies Commons, and the United States History Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Evilsizer, Laura, "Knife River Flint Distribution and Identification in Montana" (2016). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 10670. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/10670 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. KNIFE RIVER FLINT DISTRIBUTION AND IDENTIFICATION IN MONTANA By Laura Jean Evilsizer B.A. Anthropology, Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA, 2011 Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts in Anthropology, Cultural Heritage University of Montana Missoula, MT May, 2016 Approved By: Scott Wittenburg, Dean of The Graduate School Graduate School Dr. Douglas H. MacDonald, Chair Department of Anthropology Dr. John Douglas Department of Anthropology Dr. Julie A.
    [Show full text]
  • The Wakulla Springs Lodge Site (8Wa329): 2008 Excavations and New OSL Dating Evidence 5 W
    THE FLORIDA ANTHROPOLOGIST Volume 65 Numbers 1-2 March-June 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS FROM THE EDITOR 3 ARTICLES THE WAKULLA SPRINGS LODGE SITE (8Wa329): 2008 EXCAVATIONS AND NEW OSL DATING EVIDENCE 5 W. JACK RINK, JAMES S. DUNBAR, AND K. E. BURDETTE BIOTURBATION AND THE WAKULLA SPRINGS LODGE SITE ARTIFACT DISTRIBUTION 25 DAVID K. THULMAN GROUND-PEMETRATING RADAR (GPR) SURVEY, WAKULLA SPRINGS STATE PARK, WAKULLA COUNTY, FLORIDA: USE OF GPR IN SUPPORT OF ARCHAEOLOGY 35 DAVID ANDY SMITH GRANULOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF SEDIMENT SAMPLES FROM THE WAKULLA SPRINGS LODGE SITE 43 WAKULLA COUNTY, FLORIDA GUY H. MEANS THE FIRST FLORIDA “BLING”: PALEOINDIAN BEADS 49 MARY GLOWACKI ANOTHER WAKULLA SPRINGS MASTODON? 53 KEVIN M. PORTER WAKULLA SPRINGS ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH THE VOLUNTEER EXPERIENCE 59 MARY STERNER LAWSON THE PURDY UNIFACE, A RECENTLY RECOGNIZED EARLY STNE TOOL TYPE IN FLORIDA 67 SCOTT E. MITCHELL AND L. H. “MONTY” PHARMER PALEOINDIAN OCCUPATIONS ALONG THE ST. JOHNS RIVER, FLORIDA 79 DAVID K. THULMAN GEOARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS AND OSL DATING EVIDENCE IN AN ARCHAIC AND PALEOINDIAN CONTEXT AT THE HELEN BLAZES SITE (8Br27), BREVARD COUNTY, FLORIDA 87 W.JACK RINK, JAMES S. DUNBAR, GLEN H. DORAN, CHARLES FREDERICK, AND BRITTNEY GREGORY ABOUT THE AUTHORS 110 ERRATA TYPOLOGICAL, FUNCTIONAL, AND COMPARATIVE CONTEXTUAL ANALYSES OF WOODLAND HASFTED BIFACES FROM KOLOMOKI (9ER1) THOMAS J. PLUCKHAHN AND SEAN P. NORMAN 112 Cover: Artist’s depiction of a mastodon kill site and the volunteers of the Wakulla excavations. Published by the FLORIDA ANTHROPOLOGICAL SOCIETY, INC. ISSN 0015-3893 THE WAKULLA SPRINGS LODGE SITE (8WA329): 2008 EXCAVATIONS AND NEW OSL DATING EVIDENCE W.
    [Show full text]
  • Archaeological Objects Through Reverse Engineering Processes
    Towards Functional Analysis of Archaeological Objects through Reverse Engineering processes Ph.D Thesis Vera Moitinho de Almeida UNIVERSITAT AUTÒNOMA DE BARCELONA FACULTAT DE FILOSOFIA I LLETRES Departament de Prehistòria DoctoraDo oficial D’arqueología Prehistòrica Towards Functional Analysis of Archaeological Objects through Reverse Engineering Processes by Vera da Silva Dias Moitinho de Almeida Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor in Prehistoric Archaeology Supervisor Doctor Juan Antonio Barceló Álvarez, UAB 2013 to Pedro and Tomás, to Ana, I haven’t been everywhere, but it’s on my list. susan sontag 8 Towards functional analysis of archaeological objects through reverse engineering processes | Aknowledgements This cross-disciplinary research would not have been possible without the support and contribution of several people and institutions. I would first and foremost like to thank my supervisor Juan Antonio Barceló. I am very grateful for his inspir- ing guidance and ability to truly think out of the box, which helped me a lot to push my own level of exper- tise. As well as his encouragement and great support during the writing process. I owe him much of chapter two. It has been really stimulating to work with him during these years! I would also like to acknowledge to my colleagues and friends at UAB, especially to Florencia del Castillo, Giacomo Capuzzo, Hendaya Serrano, Igor Bogdanovich, Katia Achino, Laura Caruso, Laura Mameli, and Teresa Badia, for support and for creating a pleasant and inspiring atmosphere. Many thanks
    [Show full text]
  • BRIAN G. REDMOND, Ph.D
    BRIAN G. REDMOND, Ph.D. Dept. of Archaeology The Cleveland Museum of Natural History 1 Wade Oval Dr., University Circle Cleveland, Ohio 44106 PROFESSIONAL POSITIONS 1994-present: Curator and John Otis Hower Chair of Archaeology, The Cleveland Museum of Natural History (C.M.N.H). 2010-2011: Interim Director of Science, Collections and Research Division, C.M.N.H. 2001-2006: Director of Science, Collections and Research Division, C.M.N.H. 1992-94: Acting Assistant Director for Research, Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology, Indiana University, Bloomington. 1992: Visiting Research Associate, Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology, Indiana University, Bloomington. 1990-91: Associate Faculty, Dept. of Anthropology, Indiana University, Indianapolis. PROFESSIONAL APPOINTMENTS Current: Adjunct Associate Professor, Dept. Of Anthropology, Case Western Reserve University. Adjunct Faculty, Dept. of Anthropology, Cleveland State University. Research Associate, Glenn A. Black Laboratory of Archaeology, Indiana University, Bloomington. PROFESSIONAL SERVICE POSITIONS Current: Chair, Ohio Archaeological Council Publications Committee; Website Editor. 2002-2003 President of the Ohio Archaeological Council. 2000-2001 President-elect of the Ohio Archaeological Council. EDUCATION 1990: Ph.D. in Anthropology, Indiana University, Bloomington. 1984: Masters of Arts and Education in Anthropology, University of Toledo, Ohio. 1980: Bachelor of Arts (cum laude) in Anthropology, University of Toledo, Ohio. 1 PEER-REVIEWED PUBLICATIONS 2015 Redmond, B.G. and Robert A. Genheimer (editors) Building the Past, An Introduction. In Building the Past: Prehistoric Wooden Post Architecture in the Ohio Valley-Great Lakes Region. University Press of Florida. 2015 Redmond, B. G. and B. L. Scanlan Changes in Pre-Contact Domestic Architecture at the Heckelman Site in Northern Ohio.
    [Show full text]
  • Archaeologist
    OHIO ARCHAEOLOGIST VOLUME 13 OCTOBER, 1963 NUMBER 4 OHIO nl 3m*"t FLINT TYPES By Robert N. Converse SDMh «^» •»> «i Published by "^TSpSV'i F THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF OHIO (Formerly Ohio Indian Relic 1^>i >' «•*! ^ Collectors Society) The Archaeological Society of Ohio Editorial Office Business Office Route 3, Newcomerstown, Ohio 65 N. Foster Street, Norwalk, Ohio Telephone: HY 8-7840 Tel. Norwalk 2-7285 (All addresses in Ohio unless otherwise stated) _, * 1 erm Officers expires President - John C. Allman, 1336 Cory Drive, Dayton 6 1964 Vice-President - Wayne A. Mortine, 454 West State Street, Newcomerstown 1964 Executive Secretary - Arthur George Smith, 65 North Foster Street, Norwalk 1964 Recording Secretary - Merton R. Mertz, 422 Third Street, Findlay 1964 Treasurer - Norman L. Dunn, 1025 South West Street, Findlay 1964 Editor - Ed W. Atkinson, 420 Chatham Road, Columbus 14 1966 Trustees Dorothy L. Good, 15 Civic Drive, Grove City 1964 Richard H. Johnson, R. R. 3, Marion (Meeker) 1964 Thomas A. Minardi, 71 Shady Lane, Mansfield 1964 Robert N. Converse, Plain City 1966 John R. Ford, 250 Factory Street, Box 16, Sugarcreek 1966 Charles H. Meng, 790 Montrose Avenue, Columbus 9 1966 Editorial Staff and Publications Committee Editor - Leonard H. Brown, Route 3, Newcomerstown, Ohio Technical Editor - Raymond S. Baby, The Ohio State Museum, N. High & 15th, Columbus 10, Ohio Assistant Editor - Thyra Bevier Kabealo, The Ohio State University, Columbus 10, Ohio Associate Editor - Martha A. Potter, The Ohio State Museum, N. High and 15th, Columbus Production Manager - Ernest Good, 15 Civic Drive. Grove City, Ohio Regional Collaborators - John C. Allman, 1336 Cory Drive, Dayton 6, Ohio - Gerald Brickman, 409 Locust Street, Findlay, Ohio - Jeff Carskadden, 285 W.
    [Show full text]
  • Preliminary Study of a Prehistoric Site in Northern Laos
    Tam Hang Rockshelter: Preliminary Study of a Prehistoric Site in Northern Laos FABRICE DEMETER, THONGSA SAYAVONGKHAMDY, ELISE PATOLE-EDOUMBA, ANNE-SOPHIE COUPEY, ANNE-MARIE BACON, JOHN DE VOS, CHRISTELLE TOUGARD, BOUNHEUANG BOUASISENGPASEUTH, PHONEPHANH SICHANTHONGTIP, AND PHILIPPE DURINGER introduction Prehistoric research in mainland Southeast Asia was initiated by the French with the establishment of the Geological Service of Indochina (GSI) in 1897. The GSI began to study the geology of Tonkin, Yunnan, Laos, and south- ern Indochina before 1919, later extending their knowledge to northern Indo- china and Cambodia. In the meantime, several major Homo erectus findings occurred in the region, which contributed to the palaeoanthropological debate that prevailed in the 1930s. These discoveries did not involve French but rather Dutch and German scientists. In 1889, E. Dubois discovered Pithecanthropus erectus on the island of Java in Indonesia (Dubois 1894); then in 1929, W. Z. Pei found Sinanthropus pekinensis at Zhoukoudian in China (Weidenreich 1935), while G.H.R. von Koenigswald discovered additional erectus remainsinJava(vonKoe- nigswald 1936). In response, the GSI refocused on the palaeontology and palaeoanthropology of the region, until the cessation of fieldwork activities in 1945 due to the beginning of the war with Japan. Jacques Fromaget joined the GSI in 1923 and conducted tremendous excava- tions in northern Laos and Vietnam as if motivated by the desire to discover some Indochinese hominid remains. Similar to many of his geologist colleagues around the world, Fromaget was not only interested in soil formations but he was also concerned about prehistory. Along with GSI members, M. Colani, E. Fabrice Demeter is a‰liated with the Unite´ Ecoanthropologie et Ethnobiologie, Muse´ede l’Homme, Paris, France.
    [Show full text]
  • IV. Cultural Chronology of Northeastern Siberia
    With the writing of this article Vasil’ev obviously completely forgot that in 1996 he complained of the “poor interpretation” by researchers of the Late Paleolithic of Siberia and considered it impos- sible, “if one looks truth in the eye,” to speak seriously about a Middle and Early Paleolithic in North Asia. Well, and how would it be possible to distinguish, “without the interpretation of materials” as early as the 1960s, the entirely new, for North Asia, Late Paleolithic Dyuktai culture—the only culture he examines for the “resolution” of the problem of man’s settlement of America? And how was it possible, simply in “pursuit of sensation,” to discover and interpret Diring Yuryakh, which Vasil’ev considers a site of the Early Paleolithic, and “forces us to reexamine the ideas of the move- ment of the ancestors of man that have been developed”? We note one more detail characteristic of “archaeological figures” of Vasil’ev’s type. Describing (or copying, as some students) Dyuktai and Diring and publishing illustrations of tools of these sites, the author does not cite the monograph The Earliest Stages of Settlement by Man of Northeast Asia and The Earliest Paleolithic of Diring and the Problem of a Nontropical Homeland for Humanity (published by Nauka in 1977 and 1992), but instead the short articles published in Yakutsk. Vasil’ev, who so stingingly regretted in 1996 the lack of monographic publications on the Paleolithic of North Asia, does not cite them because he understands: It is easier for members of different backgrounds to consult a monograph than an article, and after this, obtaining a grant to create a compilation will be problematic.
    [Show full text]
  • Lithic Technology at the Below Forks Site, Fhng-25: Strategems of Stone Tool Manufacture
    Lithic Technology at The Below Forks Site, FhNg-25: Strategems of Stone Tool Manufacture. A Thesis Submitted to the College of Graduate Studies and Research In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Archaeology University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. By Steven C. Kasstan March 2004. © 2004 (Copyright Steven C. Kasstan. All Rights Reserved.) PERMISSION TO USE In presenting this thesis in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Postgraduate degree from the University of Saskatchewan, I agree that the Libraries of this University may make it freely available for inspection. I further agree that permission for copying of this thesis in any manner, in whole or in part, for scholarly purposes may be granted by the professor or professors who supervised my thesis work or, in their absence, by the Head of the Department or the Dean of the College in which my thesis work was done. It is understood that any copying or publication or use of this thesis or parts thereof for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission. It is also understood that due recognition shall be given to me and to the University of Saskatchewan in any scholarly use which may be made of any material in my thesis. Requests for permission to copy or make other use of material in this thesis in whole or in part should be addressed to: Head of the Department of Archaeology, University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. S7N 2A5. i ABSTRACT The Below Forks site is a deeply stratified multicomponent archaeological site situated two kilometres downstream from the confluence of the North and South Saskatchewan Rivers.
    [Show full text]
  • Article Info Abstract
    Journal of Archaeological Science 53 (2015) 550e558 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Archaeological Science journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jas Neutron activation analysis of 12,900-year-old stone artifacts confirms 450e510þ km Clovis tool-stone acquisition at Paleo Crossing (33ME274), northeast Ohio, U.S.A. * Matthew T. Boulanger a, b, , Briggs Buchanan c, Michael J. O'Brien b, Brian G. Redmond d, * Michael D. Glascock a, Metin I. Eren b, d, a Archaeometry Laboratory, University of Missouri Research Reactor, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA b Department of Anthropology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA c Department of Anthropology, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, 74104, USA d Department of Archaeology, Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, OH, 44106-1767, USA article info abstract Article history: The archaeologically sudden appearance of Clovis artifacts (13,500e12,500 calibrated years ago) across Received 30 August 2014 Pleistocene North America documents one of the broadest and most rapid expansions of any culture Received in revised form known from prehistory. One long-asserted hallmark of the Clovis culture and its rapid expansion is the 1 November 2014 long-distance acquisition of “exotic” stone used for tool manufacture, given that this behavior would be Accepted 5 November 2014 consistent with geographically widespread social contact and territorial permeability among mobile Available online 13 November 2014 hunteregatherer populations. Here we present geochemical evidence acquired from neutron activation analysis (NAA) of stone flaking debris from the Paleo Crossing site, a 12,900-year-old Clovis camp in Keywords: Clovis northeastern Ohio. These data indicate that the majority stone raw material at Paleo Crossing originates Colonization from the Wyandotte chert source area in Harrison County, Indiana, a straight-line distance of 450 Long-distance resource acquisition e510 km.
    [Show full text]