DOCSLIB.ORG

Cold Snap Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cold Snap Report Final Report on Electricity Supply Conditions in New England During the January 14 - 16, 2004 “Cold Snap” ISO New England Inc. Market Monitoring Department October 12, 2004 FOREWORD The Final Report on Electricity Supply Conditions in New England during the January 14 - 16, 2004 “Cold Snap” includes revisions and clarifications based on further review of the Cold Snap following the publication of an Interim Report in May 2004. A separate Management Response to the Final Report provides action steps to address each of the recommendations in the Final Report. ISO New England acknowledges the significant progress of the region’s stakeholders to improve power system reliability for winter 2004/2005 and beyond. i Final Report on Electricity Supply Conditions in New England During the January 14-16, 2004 “Cold Snap” TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................................... 1 II. INTRODUCTION: BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON THE NEW ENGLAND BULK POWER SYSTEM, GAS SYSTEM, AND SUMMARY OF JANUARY 2004 COLD SNAP EVENTS ............................................................................................................................... 7 III. SUMMARY OF EVENTS ...................................................................................................... 16 A. Overview of Weather and Gas Issues ................................................................... 16 1. Weather..................................................................................................... 16 2. Fuel Mix.................................................................................................... 19 B. Day-by-Day Narrative........................................................................................... 21 1. January 7-9................................................................................................ 21 2. Real-Time January 13, Day-Ahead Forecast for January 14.................... 22 3. January 14 ................................................................................................. 24 4. January 15 ................................................................................................. 29 5. January 16 ................................................................................................. 34 C. Timing of Events in the Gas Market..................................................................... 37 IV. ANALYSIS OF THE EVENT ................................................................................................. 41 A. Background and Scope.......................................................................................... 42 1. Basis of the Analysis................................................................................. 42 2. Focus on Gas-Fired Units ......................................................................... 43 3. Power and Fuel Price Data........................................................................ 46 B. Pricing of Supply Offers by Gas-Fired Generation............................................... 50 1. Effects of Gas Price Volatility .................................................................. 50 2. Hourly LMPs versus Variable Costs......................................................... 57 3. Gas and Power Markets Trading and Scheduling Timelines.................... 59 4. Economic Outages, Gas Unit Availability, and Gas-Fired Unit Contracting Practices ................................................................................ 66 5. Gas Arbitrage............................................................................................ 72 6. Conclusions............................................................................................... 74 C. Potential for the Exercise of Market Power .......................................................... 74 1. Purpose of the Analysis ............................................................................ 74 ii 2. Resource Concentration............................................................................ 75 3. Residual Supply Index .............................................................................. 76 4. Competitive Benchmark Analysis ............................................................ 78 5. Forward Contracting ................................................................................. 81 6. Conclusions............................................................................................... 83 D. Analysis of Market Conduct ................................................................................. 83 1. Economic Withholding Analysis .............................................................. 83 2. Physical Withholding Analysis................................................................. 89 3. Economic Outages: Conduct of Generating Units.................................. 101 4. Economic Outages: ISO Scheduling....................................................... 107 E. Market Monitoring Activity................................................................................ 108 1. Overview................................................................................................. 108 2. Congestion Mitigation Activity Results.................................................. 110 3. Evaluation of General Market Power Mitigation.................................... 111 4. Evaluation of Operating Reserve Mitigation for Units Running Out of Merit ................................................................................................... 112 F. Other Market Analysis ........................................................................................ 114 1. Load Behavior During the Report Period ............................................... 114 2. Day-Ahead Market Clearing................................................................... 120 3. Review of Demand Response During the Report Period........................ 122 4. Evaluation of Price Setting Eligibility and Out of Merit Operation During the Report Period........................................................................ 125 5. OP4 Price Setters .................................................................................... 138 V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ACTION ................................................ 140 VI. APPENDIX A - FUNDAMENTALS OF NEW ENGLAND POWER SYSTEM OPERATIONS ................................................................................................................... 154 A. The Electric Power Grid...................................................................................... 154 B. North American Reliability Requirements.......................................................... 154 C. Operating Procedures and Guidelines................................................................. 155 D. Operating Reserves ............................................................................................. 156 E. NEPOOL Operating Procedure No. 4 (OP4) ...................................................... 157 F. Public Notifications............................................................................................. 157 G. Overview of the New England Electricity Markets ............................................ 158 1. Energy Markets....................................................................................... 158 2. Installed Capacity.................................................................................... 160 iii 3. Obligation to Run.................................................................................... 160 4. Economic Outages .................................................................................. 161 H. Overview of the New England Natural Gas Markets.......................................... 162 1. Regional Gas Supply............................................................................... 162 2. Regional Interstate Gas Transportation .................................................. 164 3. Gas Contracting Practices....................................................................... 165 4. Interaction of Gas and Electric Contracting............................................ 167 5. Highlights of Prior New England Gas Studies ....................................... 171 VII. APPENDIX B - 1994 SEVERE WEATHER EVENT IN PJM............................................... 174 VIII. APPENDIX C - GAS ARBITRAGE AND THE EFFECT OF PRICE UNCERTAINTY............... 177 A. Gas Arbitrage ...................................................................................................... 177 B. Calculating the Supply Offer Price for a Gas-Fired Unit.................................... 180 C. Conclusions......................................................................................................... 183 IX. APPENDIX D - DEMAND RESPONSE................................................................................ 185 X. APPENDIX E - DETAILED TIMELINE OF GAS EVENTS, JANUARY 7 –17, 2004 ............. 188 iv LIST OF TABLES PAGE TABLE 1 - SEASONAL CLAIMED CAPABILITY BY UNIT FUEL TYPE, JANUARY 2004 ................. 20 TABLE 2 - OVERVIEW OF SYSTEM CONDITIONS FOR JANUARY 7-9, 2004 ................................. 21 TABLE 3 - DAY-AHEAD PROJECTIONS OF SYSTEM CONDITIONS FOR JANUARY 14, 2004 ........ 23 TABLE 4 - UPDATED PROJECTIONS OF SYSTEM CONDITIONS FOR JANUARY 14, 2004 ............. 24 TABLE 5 - ACTUAL SYSTEM CONDITIONS FOR JANUARY 14, 2004
Load more

Recommended publications
  • How One Company Is Selling Dreams
    How One Company Is Selling Dreams China Intercontinental Press (and Dish Soap) Follow Us on Advertising Hotline WeChat Now 城市漫步珠 in China 国内统一刊号: 三角英文版 that's guangzhou that's shenzhen CN 11-5234/GO NOVEMBER 2017 11月份 that’s PRD 《城市漫步》珠江三角洲 英文月刊 主管单位 : 中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室 Supervised by the State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China 主办单位 : 五洲传播出版社 地址 : 北京西城月坛北街 26 号恒华国际商务中心南楼 11 层文化交流中心 11th Floor South Building, Henghua lnternational Business Center, 26 Yuetan North Street, Xicheng District, Beijing http://www.cicc.org.cn 社长 President: 陈陆军 Chen Lujun 期刊部负责人 Supervisor of Magazine Department: 邓锦辉 Deng Jinhui 编辑 Editor: 朱莉莉 Zhu Lili 发行 Circulation: 李若琳 Li Ruolin Editor in Chief Jocelyn Richards Shenzhen Editor Sky Thomas Gidge Senior Digital Editor Matthew Bossons Shenzhen Digital Editor Bailey Hu Senior Staff Writer Tristin Zhang National Arts Editor Erica Martin Contributors Gary Bailer, Ariana Crisafulli, Lena Gidwani, Dr. Adam Koh, Mia Li, Noelle Mateer, Dominic Ngai, Adam Robbins, Wilson Tong HK FOCUS MEDIA Shanghai (Head Office) 上海和舟广告有限公司 上海市蒙自路 169 号智造局 2 号楼 305-306 室 邮政编码 : 200023 Room 305-306, Building 2, No.169 Mengzi Lu, Shanghai 200023 电话 : 传真 : Guangzhou 上海和舟广告有限公司广州分公司 广州市麓苑路 42 号大院 2 号楼 610 室 邮政编码 : 510095 Rm 610, No. 2 Building, Area 42, Luyuan Lu, Guangzhou 510095 电话 : 020-8358 6125 传真 : 020-8357 3859 - 816 Shenzhen 深圳联络处 深圳市福田区彩田路星河世纪大厦 C1-1303 C1-1303, Galaxy Century Building, Caitian Lu, Futian District, Shenzhen 电话 : 0755-8623 3220 传真 : 0755-6406 8538 Beijing 北京联络处 北京市东城区东直门外大街 48 号东方银座 C 座 G9 室 邮政编码 : 100027 9G, Block C, Ginza Mall, No.
    [Show full text]
  • Sotm Card Guide - All Heroes
    SotM Card Guide - All Heroes Absolute Zero Character Shtick: ‘The Frozen Mech-Warrior.’ Absolute Zero deals damage in big bursts to himself and others using modular armor upgrades as well as frost and fire-themed powers. Ramp Up: Very slow. Absolute Zero must have and keep key equipment cards in play to be at all functional in the game. Character Card Nemeses: Iron Legacy, Proletariat HP: 29 Primary dmg: Cold, fire Complexity: 3 Name Description Effect Thermodynamics Power: 1 fire dmg or 1 cold dmg to Absolute Zero. card. Damage – Single; Survivability – Self Incapacitated One hero uses a power; +2 dmg for hero; Destroy target with 1 hp. Freedom Six Absolute Zero Name Description Effect Elemental Wrath Power: 2 cold dmg to 1 non-hero target. Damage – Single Incapacitated One hero draws 1 card; 1 cold dmg to target; no environment cards for 1 turn. Deck Stats One-Shots: 5 (15) Ongoing: 6 (12) Equipment: 4 (13) Damage – single: 4 (11) [+4 (10)] Support – self: 4 (13) Damage – multi: 3 (6) [+1 (2)] Support – group: 0 (0) Survivability – self: 2 (6) [+7(19)] Hindrance/ Deck Control: 2 (4) Survivability – group: 0 (0) Damage Single Target: Name Type # Description Frost-Bound One-Shot 3 3 cold dmg to 1 target; 3 fire dmg to Absolute Zero. Drain Coolant Blast Ongoing 2 Power: x cold dmg to 1 target, x = amount of fire dmg taken by Absolute Zero since end of last turn. Impale Ongoing 2 Play on 1 non-hero target; start of turn, 2 cold dmg to target. Isothermic Equipment, 4 X cold dmg to 1 target, x = any fire dmg taken by Absolute Transducer Limited, Module Zero.
    [Show full text]
  • NWS Tampa Bay 2009-2010 Winter Newsletter
    Suncoast Weather Observer Winter 2009 Issue 1, Volume 14 Inside This Issue... Severe Thunderstorm Warning Hail Criteria Becomes More Meaningful 2009 Hurricane Season Summary Sea Fog: A Simple Tutorial NWS Ruskin Supports the American Cancer Society by Participating in Relay For Life NWS Ruskin Gives Back to the Community El Niño to Increase Possibility of Hazardous Weather in Florida this Winter NWS Ruskin to Host an Open House “Disponible en Español”...Spanish Services Keep on Growing SPECIAL FEATURE: January 2010 Cold Snap Severe Thunderstorm Warning Hail Criteria Becomes More Meaningful By: Daniel Noah Since January 5, 2010, Severe Thunderstorm Warnings across the nation are now issued for 1 inch or larger hail instead of the previous 3/4 inch or larger size hail. The wind criteria of 58 MPH (50 knots) did not change. Scientific research increasingly indicates that significant damage to real property does not occur until hail stones reach at least 1 inch in diameter. The results of these peer-reviewed articles are supported by damage reports from thousands of archived storm events. Many in the media and the emergency management community were concerned that too many Severe Thunderstorm Warnings were being issued for marginal events and these warnings were desensitizing the public. The new 1 inch criteria will reduce the number of Severe Thunderstorm Warnings each season and will warn for a genuine risk of damage and a corresponding need to take protective action. The 15 counties in west central and southwest Florida received 109 reports of 3/4 inch hail or larger over the past two years, and of these, only 35 hail reports were 1 inch or larger.
    [Show full text]
  • Flying Our Heroes King Airs Fly for Veterans Airlift Command Traverse City, MI City, Traverse Permit No
    A MAGAZINE FOR THE OWNER/PILOT OF KING AIR AIRCRAFT FEBRUARY 2015 • VOLUME 9, NUMBER 2 • $4.50 Flying Our Heroes King Airs fly for Veterans Airlift Command Traverse City, MI Permit No. 29 U.S. Postage U.S. PRSRT STD PAID 2 • KING AIR MAGAZINE FEBRUARY 2015 KingAir A MAGAZINE FOR THE OWNER/PILOT OF KING AIR AIRCRAFT FEBRUARY 2015 Volume 9 / Number 2 4 12 20 24 EDITOR Kim Blonigen EDITORIAL OFFICE 2779 Aero Park Dr., Traverse City MI 49686 Contents Phone: (316) 652-9495 E-mail: [email protected] PUBLISHERS J. Scott Lizenby 2 20 Dave Moore Village Publications Correspondence Ask the Expert – The Ground Fine Power GRAPHIC DESIGN Luana Dueweke 4 Lever Stop… by Tom Clements PRODUCTION MANAGER Mike Revard Serving Those Who Served PUBLICATIONS DIRECTOR Steve Smith by MeLinda Schnyder 24 ADVERTISING DIRECTOR Selling Walter’s Airplanes John Shoemaker King Air Magazine 12 by Edward H Phillips 2779 Aero Park Drive Traverse City, MI 49686 Wa’did He Say? Phone: 1-800-773-7798 by Dr. Jerrold Seckler Fax: (231) 946-9588 E-mail: [email protected] 30 Value Added ADVERTISING EXECUTIVE ASSISTANT 14 Betsy Beaudoin Phone: 1-800-773-7798 Maintenance Tip – E-mail: [email protected] Flaps – A Cold SUBSCRIBER SERVICES Weather Catch 32 Deb Neuman, Mgr. San Juana Fisher by Dean Benedict Advertiser Index Maria Mellberg P.O. Box 968 Traverse City, MI 49685 1-800-447-7367 18 ONLINE ADDRESS Aviation Issues – A Good www.kingairmagazine.com Start to the New Year SUBSCRIPTIONS by Kim Blonigen King Air is distributed at no charge to all registered owners of King Air aircraft.
    [Show full text]
  • Cold Snap Free
    FREE COLD SNAP PDF Allison Brennan | 480 pages | 29 Oct 2013 | Minotaur Books | 9781250038005 | English | United States Cold Snap by Thom Jones Coldsnap is the thirty-ninth Magic expansion and was released in July as the third set and second small expansion of the Ice Cold Snap blockreplacing the Homelands expansion as a member of the block. Coldsnap contains black-bordered cards 40 rare, 55 uncommon, and 60 commons. Its expansion symbol is a depiction of three icicles. Coldsnap had the shortest-ever design, at six Cold Snap. Because most sealed tournaments would use only Coldsnap cards due to the rarity of Ice Age and Alliances Cold Snap packs, as a means of making frequently recurring commons more valuable, several common cards the "kindle" and "surging" cycles were printed that rewarded players for using multiple copies in their decks, making Cold Snap more desirable. Most of the inhabitants of Terisiare Cold Snap as the ice gives way to warmth and the rebirth of the land. But, in this time of great change, there are some who see it as a time to angle for power: a secretive society of mages poised to shroud the continent with their icy brand of magic. Coldsnap was sold in card boostersCold Snap preconstructed theme decks and a fat pack. The prerelease card was a foil alternate art Allosaurus Rider. It was also released on Cold Snap Online on August 14, becoming the first expansion ever to be legal for Constructed tournament play on Magic Online before its paper version was. However, the Ice Age and Alliances reprints from the theme decks were not legal in Standard tournament Cold Snap, and the reprints have not been added to Gatherer.
    [Show full text]
  • The Compound Benefits of Greening School Infrastructure
    GETTY PREZIOSO IMAGES/JOSEPH The Compound Benefits of Greening School Infrastructure By Elise Gout, Jamil Modaffari, and Kevin DeGood May 2021 WWW.AMERICANPROGRESS.ORG Contents 1 Introduction and summary 3 The need for federal investment in school infrastructure 5 Immediate upgrades to secure student health 6 Long-term upgrades to support student learning and school resilience 8 Schools as models for decarbonization 10 Recommendations 12 Conclusion 13 About the authors and acknowledgements 14 Endnotes Introduction and summary Across the country, more and more students are returning to their classrooms after what has been, for some, nearly a year of online learning. The school closures brought on by COVID-19 have underscored how critical the physical environment is to stu- dent well-being and educational success. And yet, for large populations of students— particularly those in communities with fewer resources and in Black, Latino, and other communities of color1—going back to school means going back to broken-down facilities with poor insulation and outdated ventilation systems.2 The deficiencies of school infrastructure have been exposed by the compounding crises of the COVID-19 pandemic and the record-breaking extreme weather events exacerbated by climate change. Last year, schools in Oregon burned in the worst wildfire season to date,3 and schools in Florida flooded after Tropical Storm Eta.4 In February, an extreme cold snap caused schools in Texas to freeze.5 According to a 2020 report by the Government Accountability Office (GAO), 54 percent of U.S. school districts—a bulk of which primarily serve students of color—need to update or completely replace multiple building systems in their schools.6 Without the funds to do so, these districts are increasingly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and the exorbitant costs of rebuilding after it is too late.
    [Show full text]
  • The Chachalaca Vol 10, No. 4, December, 2013
    Rio Grande Valley Chapter, Texas Master Naturalists The Chachalaca Volume 10 Number 4 31 DecEMBER 2013 RGV TEXAS MASTER NATURALISTS In this Issue President's Message 2 THIS CHAPTER IS AN AFFILIATE OF THE TEXAS MASTER Alicia Cavazos NATURALIST PROGRAM JOINTLY SPONSORED BY TEXAS AGRILIFE EXTENSION AND THE TEXAS PARKS & WILDLIFE Moments and Milestones 3 DEPARTMENT. New 2014 RGVCTMN Officers 4 Virginia Vineyard Officers Sabal Palms Sanctuary News 5 President Alicia Cavazos Alicia Cavazos 1st Vice President John Thaxter 20th RGV Birding Festival 5 2nd Vice President Cristela Wise Anita Westervelt Secretary Heidi Linnemann New Classes to Start in January 7 Recording Secretary Jolaine Lanehart Alicia Cavazos Treasurer Jim Navjar Past President Virginia Vineyard Investing Wisely in Trees 7 Christina Mild Always Something to Learn in the Valley 12 Advisors Anita Westervelt Texas Sea Grant Tony Reisinger 21 Years of Rio Reforestation 14 Texas Parks and Wildlife Javier de Leon Rick Ramke Winter Outdoor Wildlife Expo 16 Carolyn Cardile and Anita Westervelt Standing Committee Chairs Outreach/Publicity Jackie Field, Jr. Cold-Stunned Turtle Rescue 17 Host Vacant Mary Ann Tous Membership Wendie Allstot A Sea Turtle Year 19 Listserv/Webmaster Jimmy Paz Mary Ann Tous Historian James Seguin Brief Look at a Newcomer’s Year 21 Lower Valley Education Carolyn Cardile Anita Westervelt Upper Valley Education Tom Butler SPI Birding Center Expands Gardens 22 Carolyn Cardile Newsletter Sharon Slagle Exciting Butterfly Day 24 Linda Francis President's Message by Alicia Cavazos Hello Master Naturalists, My first year as RGVCTMN president has passed, and it has been a most rewarding experience for me.
    [Show full text]
  • Heroes and Philosophy
    ftoc.indd viii 6/23/09 10:11:32 AM HEROES AND PHILOSOPHY ffirs.indd i 6/23/09 10:11:11 AM The Blackwell Philosophy and Pop Culture Series Series Editor: William Irwin South Park and Philosophy Edited by Robert Arp Metallica and Philosophy Edited by William Irwin Family Guy and Philosophy Edited by J. Jeremy Wisnewski The Daily Show and Philosophy Edited by Jason Holt Lost and Philosophy Edited by Sharon Kaye 24 and Philosophy Edited by Richard Davis, Jennifer Hart Week, and Ronald Weed Battlestar Galactica and Philosophy Edited by Jason T. Eberl The Offi ce and Philosophy Edited by J. Jeremy Wisnewski Batman and Philosophy Edited by Mark D. White and Robert Arp House and Philosophy Edited by Henry Jacoby Watchmen and Philosophy Edited by Mark D. White X-Men and Philosophy Edited by Rebecca Housel and J. Jeremy Wisnewski Terminator and Philosophy Edited by Richard Brown and Kevin Decker ffirs.indd ii 6/23/09 10:11:12 AM HEROES AND PHILOSOPHY BUY THE BOOK, SAVE THE WORLD Edited by David Kyle Johnson John Wiley & Sons, Inc. ffirs.indd iii 6/23/09 10:11:12 AM This book is printed on acid-free paper. Copyright © 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or autho- rization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750–8400, fax (978) 646–8600, or on the web at www.copyright.com.
    [Show full text]
  • Frostburn: Mastering the Perils of Ice and Snow, and Their Respective Logos, and Wizards Product Names Are Trademarks of Wizards of the Coast, Inc., in the U.S.A
    CREDITS DESIGNERS ART DIRECTOR WOLFGANG BAUR, JAMES JACOBS, Dawn Murin GEORGE STRAYTON COVER ARTIST DEVELOPMENT TEAM Sam Wood RICHARD BAKER (LEAD), ANDREW J. FINCH, DAVID NOONAN, JAMES WYATT INTERIOR ARTISTS Steve Bel l edin, Mitch Cotie, Ed Cox, EDITOR Dennis Crabappl e McCl ain, Steve El l is, GREG COLLINS David Griffith, David Hudnut, MANAGING EDITOR Dana Knutson, Doug Kovacs, Dan Scott GWENDOLYN F.M. KESTREL GRAPHIC DESIGNER DESIGN MANAGERS Dee Barnett, Trish Yochum CHRISTOPHER PERKINS, ED STARK CARTOGRAPHERS DEVELOPMENT MANAGER James Jacobs, Todd Gambl e ANDREW J. FINCH DIRECTOR OF RPG R&D GRAPHIC PRODUCTION SPECIALIST BILL SLAVICSEK Erin Dorries PRODUCTION MANAGERS IMAGE TECHNICIAN JOSHUA C.J. FISCHER, RANDALL CREWS Robert Jordan Resources: Epic Level Handbook, Arms and Equipment Guide, FORGOTTEN REALMS Campaign Setting, World of Greyhawk Campaign Setting, Living Greyhawk Gazetteer, Monsters of Faerûn, Races of Faerûn, Oriental Adventures, Dragon Magazine, and Book of Vile Darkness. Based on the original DUNGEONS & DRAGONS® rules created by Gary Gygax and Dave Arneson, and the new DUNGEONS & DRAGONS game designed by Jonathan Tweet, Monte Cook, Skip Williams, Richard Baker, and Peter Adkison. This product uses updated material from the v.3.5 revision. This Wizards of the Coast ® game product contains no Open Game Content. No portion of this work may be reproduced in any form without written permission. To learn more about the Open Gaming License and the d20 System License, please visit www.wizards.com/d20. U.S., CANADA, ASIA, PACIFIC, EUROPEAN HEADQUARTERS & LATIN AMERICA Wizards of the Coast, Belgium Wizards of the Coast, Inc. T Hofveld 6d P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Report on Outages and Curtailments During the Southwest Cold Weather Event of February 1-5, 2011
    Report on Outages and Curtailments During the Southwest Cold Weather Event of February 1-5, 2011 Prepared by the Staffs of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission and the North American Electric Reliability Corporation Causes and Recommendations August 2011 FERC/NERC Staff Report on the 2011 Southwest Cold Weather Event Table of Contents I. Introduction..................................................................1 II. Executive Summary.....................................................7 III. The Electric and Natural Gas Industries.................13 IV. Preparations for the Storm.......................................49 V. The Event: Load Shed and Curtailments................73 VI. Causes of the Outages and Supply Disruptions....139 VII. Prior Cold Weather Events.....................................169 VIII. Electric and Natural Gas Interdependencies........189 IX. Key Findings and Recommendations.....................195 - i - FERC/NERC Staff Report on the 2011 Southwest Cold Weather Event This page intentionally left blank. - ii - FERC/NERC Staff Report on the 2011 Southwest Cold Weather Event ATTACHMENTS Acronyms Glossary Appendices Task Force Members Legislative and Regulatory Responses by the States Categories of NERC Registered Entities Electricity: How it is Generated and Distributed Power Plant Design for Ambient Weather Conditions Impact of Wind Chill Winterization for Generators Natural Gas: Production and Distribution Natural Gas Storage Natural Gas Transportation Contracting Practices GTI: Impact of Cold Weather on Gas Production - iii - FERC/NERC Staff Report on the 2011 Southwest Cold Weather Event This page intentionally left blank. - iv - FERC/NERC Staff Report on the 2011 Southwest Cold Weather Event I. Introduction The southwest region of the United States experienced unusually cold and windy weather during the first week of February 2011. Lows during the period were in the teens for five consecutive mornings and there were many sustained hours of below freezing temperatures throughout Texas and in New Mexico.
    [Show full text]
  • Deep Freeze Wallops Texas, Leaving Millions in Cold, Dark
    P2JW048000-6-A00100-17FFFF5178F ****** WEDNESDAY,FEBRUARY 17,2021~VOL. CCLXXVII NO.38 WSJ.com HHHH $4.00 DJIA 31522.75 À 64.35 0.2% NASDAQ 14047.50 g 0.3% STOXX 600 419.20 g 0.1% 10-YR. TREAS. g 30/32 , yield 1.298% OIL $60.05 À $0.58 GOLD $1,797.20 g $24.40 EURO $1.2106 YEN 106.05 Empty Streets Mark Fat Tuesday This Year in New Orleans Bitcoin What’s News Trades Above Business&Finance S PRES $50,000 itcoin surged above TED B$50,000 forthe firsttime CIA on Tuesday, doubling in less SO AS In a First than two months as it con- T/ tinues atorrid runhigher. Thedigital currencytraded HERBER Cryptocurrency closes as high as $50,584.85 before ALD below high, up 68% for closing at $48,642.45. A1 GER S; NewYork’sattorney gen- year with $909 billion eral sued Amazon, accusing PRES in total circulation it of not doing enough to TED CIA protectworkersinthe state SO BY PAUl VIGNA from the coronavirus. B1 AS A/ AND CAITLIN OSTROFF Ajudgedenied Citigroup’s ANZ request to clawback roughly ST Bitcoin surgedabove CO $500 million it mistakenly Y $50,000 forthe firsttime on ST paid out of its owN pocket RU Tuesday, doubling in lessthan to investment firms that : two months as the digital cur- made loans to Revlon. B1 LEFT rency continues its torrid ruN OM higher. CVSsaid it would re-enter FR NO PARADE:Crowds packed Bourbon Street in NewOrleans forMardi Gras ayearago,left, beforethe pandemic struck.
    [Show full text]
  • October 2020 Midden
    Hurricane Laura’s Rain Bands by Diane Humes Galveston Bay Area Chapter - Texas Master Naturalists October 2020 Table of Contents President’s Corner by Susette Mahaffey Wetland Wanderings 2 Prairie Ponderings 3 If I had a ‘bucket list’, rescuing a baby sea turtle would surely be one of the items on the list! In July Keith and I had that opportunity to rescue one and we took the little guy to Coastal Corner 4 NOAA. It was an extremely exciting experience to get him from the family who found Turtle Lady of South 5 him, struggling in the surf, and take him to the people from the Houston Zoo working Padre with rescued sea turtles. Hopefully, the little turtle is growing each day and will eventually be released back into the wild! Connections: 6 Forgotten Roads, Prairies, and the Gulf Meanwhile, the work with sea turtles formerly done at NOAA is being taken over by Dr. of Mexico Chris Marshall at Texas A & M who is the director of the Gulf Center for Sea Turtle Research. https://tamug.edu/GulfCenterforSeaTurtleResearch/. Since the last edition Sea Turtle Top Ten 8 of The Midden, our chapter has been made a partner with the Gulf Center for Sea Quiz Turtle Research because of the many volunteer hours that we do for this program. Dr. Twenty Years and 9 Marshall holds the license for working with turtles at both the state and federal level. (Almost) One Many of our chapter members are fortunate to be listed on the license at various levels Hundred Middens of expertise to help with sea turtles.
    [Show full text]