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Oral Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma – a Review of Literature from 1964-2016

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Oral Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma – a Review of Literature from 1964-2016 Review Article Adv Dent & Oral Health Volume 8 Issue 5 - May 2018 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Prasanna Kumar DOI: 10.19080/ADOH.2018.08.555748 Oral Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma – A Review of Literature from 1964-2016 Prasanna Kumar* Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, India Submission: March 18, 2017; Published: May 17, 2018 *Corresponding author: Prasanna Kumar, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Dept of Oral & MAxillofacial Surgery, Sullia, Bangalore, India, Tel: ; Email: Introduction It all began way before the 1960’s, however on one fateful incidence of metastasis or recurrences if any. day in the year of 1961, Kauffman ST and Stout AP changed the the diagnostic techniques, current protocols in treatment and Discussion way the world looked at fibrous soft tissue tumours by being the separate clinical entity [1]. first to report about Fibrous Histiocytoma and recognising it as a the mean age of patients was 55 years ranging from 12 to 71 years. The oral and perioral cases of BFH, Gray et al. [8] found that Benign fibrous histiocytoma designates a group of quasi- [9] Women are more frequently affected than men. Bielamowicz et differentiation. Whether the lesions originate from histiocytic or neoplastic lesions that show both fibroblastic and histiocytic al. [9] in their study of BFH in the head and neck region found M: F ratio of 2.5:1 [10]. fibroblasticSome experts tissues hypothesize has not been that clearly the determined cells originate yet [2].from the depending upon the location, duration and possible aetiology. The clinical picture as seen in literature varies significantly while others argue that immunohistochemical evidence of factor tissue histiocytes and then assume fibroblastic properties [3] Various causes have been speculated in the aetiology of BFH XII a positivity favours a dermal dendrocytic cell origin [4]. In in some cases [11]. namely secondary to trauma, infection even immuno-suppression Clinically these benign tumours can present as asymptomatic consequence of the controversies of origin, over the years, BFH has been designatedby several names and classifications, such as painless and does not show aggressive behaviour or damage [5], solitary, gradually enlarging growth that is well-circumscribed, sclerosing hemangioma, hemangioma cutis, fibroxanthoma and overlying mucosa. The most common chief complaint a patient nodular subepidermal fibrosis [3]. presents with is a swelling with possible facial asymmetry and in some cases pain [1]. BFH can be cutaneous and Non-cutaneous in nature. Cutaneous BFH commonly originates in sun exposed skin. Non In rare conditions a patient may complain of nasal obstruction, cutaneous BFH represents approximately 1% of all benign FH nasal discharge, and episodes of epistaxis in case of involvement lesions and most frequently occurs in soft tissues in the lower extremities(50%), less frequently in the upper extremities (20%), speech if present over the lingual or palatine region [9,12]. of the maxilla.[maxilla] or dysphagia, dyspnoea and difficulty in retroperitoneum (20%) [5]. Benign FH can be categorised into superficial and deep forma. –elastic in consistency [9], demarcated and painless mass [upper On oral examination, it can present as an elastic soft or firm Deep benign FH is very rare, comprising less than 5% [6] of all lip] with no ulceration or involvement of adjacent structures. benign FH tumours. Fibrous Histiocytoma as reported in literature histiocytoma and may involve soft tissue as well as hard tissue [1]. The diagnosis and analysis can be challenging and is usually can present as malignant fibrous histiocytoma or benign Fibrous based on a combination of histopathology, light microscopy and immunohistochemistry [5]. cases in the buccal spaces, tongue, gingival or alveolar ridge, The incidence of BFH in the oral cavity is rare, with few reported Histiology of the mouth have also been described. Rare occurrences also mandible, maxilla, lower and upper lip, soft palate and floor include nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, larynx, trachea, The histopathological picture usually show a non-infiltrating temporomandibular joint and submandibular and parotid glands spindle cells having plump and vesicular nucleus with tapered fibro histiocytic lesion composed of interlacing fascicles of [5,7]. The aim of this article is to trace the behaviour of Oral and blunt ends arranged in a typical storiform pattern. [7], Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma across the literature and discuss Adv Dent & Oral Health 8(5): ADOH.MS.ID.555748 (2018) 006 Advances in Dentistry & Oral Health densely proliferated histiocytes, spindle shaped tumour cells [8] multinucleated giant cells, and scattered lymphocytes are a orTable round 1: Histiogenesis histiocyte-like of BFH. cells, lipid-containing xanthoma cells, frequent finding [7] (Table 1). Evidence in support of histiocytic origin Presence of lysosomal and proteolytic enzymes Evidence in support of fibroblastic origin Lesional cells exhibit phagocytic activity Appearance of the lesional cells resembles fibroblast histologically Cells contain lipid Multinucleated osteoclasts like cells present Lack of expression of histiocytic marker (Langerhans granules) histopathological picture can be made in the absence of cellular The differentiation between BFH and MFH on a hyperchromasia, atypicality of the nucleus and nuclear fission [8] atypia [9], high mitotic activity, high pleomorphism of cells [12], which are characteristic features of MFH. Table 2: Stainability of immunohistochemical staining Search Antibody Stainability S-100 - NSE - Lysozymeα 1-ACT + CD68 + Vimentin + + -: No stain + : positive malignant form, which is more often encountered in the literature, Due to the lack of specific markers for fibrohistiocytic lesions, margin of 5mm and regular follow-up upto 3 years. BFH has a for cells of other lineages [10]. The immunohistochemistry the diagnosis of BFH is generally based on the absence of markers Malignant Fibrous Histiocytomaand is described as having a local diagnosis is carried out formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded aggressiveness and a low rate of metastasis [12,17]. MFH is a sections using streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex labelling primitive, pleomorphic sarcoma consisting partly of fibroblastic method can be used. BFH shows immunostaining for vimentin (+), cells and partly histiocytic cells. Reported incidence of BFH to CD68 (+), CD34 (+), S100 (−), CD117 (−), Leu7 (−), desmin (−), and malignant transformation is 1% [18]. α- SMA (−) [10,13] (Table 2). MFH has been an enigma since no true cell origin has been and renamed it as undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (WHOCT CT scans can be of diagnostic aid in Fibrohistiocytic tumours determined. WHO declassified MFH as a formal diagnostic entity lesion may or may not be associated with thinning or breach in of the bone which presents as a well defined, expansile lytic 2002). tumours of the soft tissues which show up as heterogeneously the cortical plates.MRI scans are used in case of Fibrohistiocytic metastasis has been documented with the angiomatoid variant of The prognosis of oral BFH is usually very good. A rare case of not much tapped into and may pave way for better imaging in the hyper intense on T2-weighted image [14-16]. Role of PET scans is recent future. OralThere BFH [17]. also is a case report of a malignant transformation of There seems to be a consensus across literature on the oral benign Fibrous Histiocytoma lesion which was treated with 22]. aggressive surgical management and chemo/radiotherapy [18- treatment protocol of Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma. The treatmentTable 3: Review is surgical of cases en-bloc of BFH resection of Soft tissues of the in tumour chronological with aorder. safe FU time/ No. of cases Authors Age/Sex Location Treatment Year Recurrence 1 Prisse et al. [2] Lower lip SE 2015 1 Prisse et al. [2] 75/M48/F Palate SE 7M/NED 2015 Soft and Hard 1 Prisse et al. [2] 81/M SE 14M/NED 2015 Palate Junction 1 Giovani et al. [5] Buccal Mucosa SE 18M/NED 2010 36/M 12M/NED How to cite this article: Prasanna K. Oral Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma – A Review of Literature from 1964-2016. Adv Dent & Oral Health. 2018; 8(5): 555748. 007 DOI: 10.19080/ADOH.2018.08.555748 Advances in Dentistry & Oral Health 1 Eu Jo et al. [6] Buccal Mucosa SE 2015 1 36/F Buccal Mucosa SE 7M/NED* 2001 1 FemianoGeorge et et al. al. [7] [7] 32/M Maxillary Gingiva SE 2014 1 Gray et al. [8] 45/M37/F Upper Lip SE 18M/NED 1992 1 Gray et al. [8] 42/M Buccal Mucosa SE 1992 1 Gray et al. [8] 65/M Buccal Mucosa SE 1992 1 Gray et al. [8] Tongue SE 1992 1 Gray et al. [8] 37/F Dorsum of Tongue SE 1992 1 Gray et al. [8] 50/F Buccal Mucosa SE 1992 1 Gray et al. [8] 71/F Lower lip SE 1992 1 Gray et al. [8] 49/M45/F Maxillary Vestibule SE 1992 1 Gray et al. [8] Buccal Mucosa SE 1992 Mandibular 1 Gray et al. [8] 60/M70/F SE 1992 Vestibule 1 Gray et al. [8] Buccal Mucosa SE 1992 Mandibular 1 Gray et al. [8] 68/F SE 1992 Vestibule Mandibular 1 Gray et al. [8] SE 1992 Vestibule 1 Gray et al. [8] 66/F Maxillary Gingiva SE 1992 Bielamowicz et 1 25/M37/F Buccal Mucosa SE 1995 al. [9] Bielamowicz et Submandibular 24M/NED 1 49/M SE 1995 al. [9] Region 1 Menditti et al. [10] 44/M Lingual Mucosa SE 17years/NED 1998 1 Menditti et al. [10] Tongue SE 10years/NED 1999 11/M34/M Soft Palate SE 10years/NED 1989 Fielman and 8M/NED 1 SrikanthMorrow et [13]al. [14] 27/M SE 2014 cheek Subcutaneous- 1 Rullo et al. [16] 9m/M Tongue SE * 2012 Hoffman and 2 8/M Buccal Mucosa SE 1981 Martinez [17] Weerapradist and 14M/NED 1 Retromolar area SE * 1984 Punyasingh [18] 1 45/M50/F SE * 1990 1 Fletcher [19] SubcutaneousIntramusular scalp Face SE * 1990 Intramuscular 1 Fletcher [19] 56/M31/M SE * 1990 cheek AlonsoFletcher del [19] and 1 68/M Buccal Mucosa * 1976 Hayo et al.
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