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In Situ Remediation: Design Considerations and Performance Monitoring Technical Guidance Document

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In Situ Remediation: Design Considerations and Performance Monitoring Technical Guidance Document New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Site Remediation and Waste Management Program In Situ Remediation: Design Considerations and Performance Monitoring Technical Guidance Document October 2017 Version 1.0 Page 1 of 148 DISCLAIMER The use of any trade names, products or materials in this document does not constitute an endorsement by New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (Department). The information in this document, In Situ Remediation: Design Considerations and Performance Monitoring Technical Guidance Document, is provided free of charge to the public. The State of New Jersey, its agencies and employees assume no responsibility to any person or entity for the use of this information. There are no representations or warranties, expressed or implied, of any kind with regard to this information, and any use of this information is made at the risk of the user. The Department may not maintain many of the web links and web addresses in this technical guidance. The Department makes no special endorsement for the content of these links, their sites or the views expressed by the sites’ publishers. Web sites may change or remove their contents at any time. Therefore, the Department cannot guarantee that the material on the referenced Web sites will be the same as it was when this technical guidance was developed, or even that the links will be available. Any trademarks or proprietary information that may be mentioned in this document belong to their respective companies. Page 2 of 148 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTENDED USE OF TECHNICAL GUIDANCE ............................................................... 7 2. PURPOSE .............................................................................................................................. 8 3. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 8 3.1. Document Overview ...................................................................................................... 10 3.2. Regulatory Basis ............................................................................................................ 11 3.3. General Health and Safety Considerations ..................................................................... 12 4. SITE CHARACTERIZATION AND IN-SITU REMEDIAL DESIGN ............................. 13 4.1. Conceptual Site Model ................................................................................................... 13 4.2. Remedial Action Selection and General Design Considerations ................................... 14 4.2.1. Nature of Contaminants of Concern ....................................................................... 16 4.2.2. Site Geology and Hydrogeology ............................................................................. 19 4.2.3. General Implementation Considerations ................................................................. 23 4.2.4. Technology Specific Considerations ...................................................................... 24 4.3. Integrating Treatment Design and Dosing with Performance Monitoring .................... 25 4.3.1. Injection Wells and Monitoring Wells .................................................................... 25 4.4 Pilot Test/Design Study .................................................................................................. 27 5. GENERAL PERFORMANCE MONITORING OBJECTIVES ......................................... 27 5.1. Overview of Performance Monitoring ........................................................................... 28 5.2. Identify Remedial Goals and Performance Objectives .................................................. 28 5.3. Performance Metrics ...................................................................................................... 30 5.4. Performance Monitoring Plans for Remedial Action ..................................................... 31 5.4.1. Performance Monitoring for In Situ Ground Water Remediation .......................... 33 5.4.2. Performance Monitoring for In Situ Soil Remediations ......................................... 40 5.4.3. Evaluating the Need for Vapor Monitoring ............................................................ 41 5.4.4. Evaluate Potential Impacts of Remedial Action on Surface Water/Sediments ...... 42 5.4.5. Evaluating Potential Impacts of Remedial Action on Potable Wells ..................... 42 6. TECHNOLOGY SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE MONITORING ....................................... 43 6.1. Overview of Technologies ............................................................................................. 44 6.1.1. Enhanced Biological Processes............................................................................... 44 Page 3 of 148 6.1.2. Physical/Chemical Processes .................................................................................. 45 6.1.3. Thermal Processes .................................................................................................. 45 6.2. Biological Processes ....................................................................................................... 45 6.2.1. Anaerobic Processes ............................................................................................... 46 6.2.2. Aerobic Process ...................................................................................................... 57 6.3. Physical /Chemical Processes ........................................................................................ 64 6.3.1. Solidification / Stabilization ................................................................................... 64 6.3.2. Soil Flushing ........................................................................................................... 66 6.3.3. Soil Vapor Extraction / Air Sparging...................................................................... 75 6.3.4. In-Well Air Stripping/Ground Water Circulation Wells ........................................ 82 6.3.5. Chemical Oxidation ................................................................................................ 85 6.3.6. Reduction ................................................................................................................ 94 6.4. Thermal Processes ........................................................................................................ 101 6.4.1. Electrical Resistance Heating ............................................................................... 102 6.4.2. Thermal Conduction Heating ................................................................................ 103 6.4.3. Steam Enhanced Extraction .................................................................................. 104 6.4.4. Performance Monitoring for In Situ Thermal Processes: ..................................... 104 7. PERMITTING ................................................................................................................... 108 7.1. The SRP Permit-by-Rule at N.J.A.C. 7:14A-7.5 ......................................................... 108 7.1.1. Overview of DGW Proposal Content ................................................................... 109 7.1.2. Specific Technical Guidance for DGW Proposal and Monitoring Plan ............... 111 7.1.3. NJPDES Permit-Related CEA .............................................................................. 113 7.1.4. Avoiding Common Pitfalls in DGW Proposal Preparation .................................. 113 7.1.5. Permit-by-Rule Reporting and Compliance .......................................................... 115 7.1.6. Modifications to the DGW Proposal..................................................................... 116 7.2. Other Permitting or similar Requirements ................................................................... 116 7.3. Ground Water Remedial Action Permits ..................................................................... 118 7.3.1. Prior to Applying for a Ground Water RAP ......................................................... 118 7.3.2. After a Ground Water RAP Is Issued ................................................................... 119 8. REPORTING ..................................................................................................................... 120 Page 4 of 148 8.1. Data evaluation and interpretation ............................................................................... 121 8.2. Performance Monitoring Data Presentation and Discussion in Key Document Submittals .................................................................................................................... 121 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................... 123 APPENDIX A – Parameters and Equations ............................................................................... 130 APPENDIX B – Field Parameters and Entries for Field Logs ................................................... 140 APPENDIX C – Monitoring for Common Reagent Products .................................................... 142 APPENDIX D - Acronyms ......................................................................................................... 146 Page 5 of 148 Illustrations Tables Table 1. Performance monitoring parameters for bio-anaerobic technologies ............................. 56 Table 2. Performance monitoring parameters for bio-aerobic technologies ................................
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