DOCSLIB.ORG

BEANSTALK December 2008 Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculturevolume 9, No Newsletter 2 BEANSTALK Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture Newsletter

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
BEANSTALK December 2008 Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculturevolume 9, No Newsletter 2 BEANSTALK Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture Newsletter BEANSTALK December 2008 Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean AgricultureVolume 9, No Newsletter 2 BEANSTALK Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture Newsletter CLIMATE CHANGE IN AFRICA CONTENTS FeatURE article Climate change in Africa ............................ 1 DIRECTOR’S REPOrt ............................... 2 RESEARCH REPOrts Speeding breeding in pasture legumes .... 3 Champion farmer and champion runner 4 4th year student projects .......................... 5 Subclover project meeting ....................... 6 Environmental stress workshop ............... 7 VISITORS A Peruvian extols lupin diversity .............. 8 Visitors table ................................................. 9 NEWS OF ASSOCIATES Dr Ken Street of ‘The seed hunter’ ...... 10 Dr Renuka Shrestha .................................. 10 REPOrts ON CONFERENCES Lupin conference ....................................... 11 A typical smallholder farm in the hills near Nairobi, Kenya, demonstrating Mutation conference ................................. 12 the widespread use of agroforestry. PUblicatiONS ........................................ 13 by Neil Turner From May to July 2008, I spent 3 months eastern Africa (largely due to an increase grown by farmers at these elevations. The at the World Agroforestry Centre in intense storms), while rainfall is alternative of growing coffee under shade (ICRAF) in Nairobi, Kenya advising the predicted to decrease in southern Africa is being trialed, but the consequences of centre and the International Crops and the number of periods without rain greater competition for water will need Research Institute for the Semi-Arid to increase, particularly at the beginning to be evaluated. Agroforestry is also Tropics (ICRISAT) on research needs of the rainy season. being promoted for its carbon mitigation benefits, but in a warming and drying to address issues on ‘Adaptation to While agroforestry interventions will world these benefits could be reduced Climate Change by Smallholder Farmers buffer small-holder farmers against or short-lived as experience in Europe in Eastern and Southern Africa.’ The these changes because of their perennial has shown that forests that were carbon climate of Africa is already warming nature, there will be impacts of climate sinks became carbon sources in the hot and dry spells are becoming longer. change on agroforestry systems. For and dry summer of 2003, reversing the Recent climate change scenarios predict example, higher temperatures will affect carbon gains of the previous 5 years. that mean temperatures will rise by the quality and price of highland coffee 1°C by 2030 and by 3 to 4°C by the which is grown by smallholder farmers While in Nairobi, I evaluated the impact end of the 21st century. While global as well as commercial companies at of warming temperatures on two of circulation models predict rainfall with altitudes from 1600-2800 m. Growing ICRISAT’s mandate crops, sorghum and greater uncertainty, rainfall is predicted coffee at higher elevations to avoid the pigeonpea, using the APSIM models for to increase by about 5% in tropical higher temperatures will displace the tea these two crops. Working with ICRISAT continued on page 3 Volume 9 No.2 December 2008 1 BEANSTALK Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture Newsletter DIRECTOR’S REPOrt Publications continue to flow from CLIMA research giving a tally of 23 scientific journal articles and 20 edited conference proceeding contributions in 2008. CLIMA had three 4th year agriculture student theses this year: Ms Amy Goddard Borger (supervised by Heather Clarke) who worked on grain cropping traits of Australian native legumes - Cullen and Trigonella; Mr Troy Faithful (supervised by Kioumars Ghamkar) who studied hard seeded-ness and phylogeny in sub- clover; and Ms Nateisha Norrish (supervised by Jon Clements) who researched early vigour in narrow-leafed lupin. Mr Vasanth Garela Kumar registered for his MSc degree with a thesis entitled Shortening the Generation Cycle of Chickpea and Field Pea supervised by Heather Clarke, Janine Croser and myself. We’ve had news from a recent CLIMA PhD Dr Renuka Shrestha that on her return to Nepal she’s been appointed as National Coordinator for Grain Legumes Research Program (NGLRP). Prof. William Erskine Very recently (Nov 2008), two varieties of lentil (Bharati and [email protected] Sagun) and two varieties of chickpea (Tara and Avrodhi) were released for mid-hill and terai environments, respectively in Record food prices and associated riots in several developing Nepal, based on joint research by NGLRP, CLIMA and ICARDA, countries hit the headlines in the first half of 2008, but the funded by ACIAR. economic crisis has eclipsed food security latterly. Climate change has continued to be widely covered by the media. As visiting scientists, CLIMA has hosted two Endeavour Scholars Legumes can contribute to the alleviation of food security by Dr Mehrshad Barary (Ilam University, Iran) studying drought providing income, farm diversification, high protein food/feed tolerance in lupins with Jon Clements and Jairo Palta (CSIRO), and a low carbon footprint from their nitrogen fixation reducing and Dr Maya Kumari (Banaras Hindu University, India) to the need for fossil-derived fertilizer nitrogen. carry out research in wide crosses between chickpea and its wild relatives with Heather Clarke. Additionally, Dr Xiangwen A highlight of the last six months was the International Lupin Fang from the University of Langzhou, China is at CLIMA for Conference held in Fremantle September 14-18, 2008. The a year, to study chickpea drought tolerance with Professors conference brought together over 150 delegates from around Siddique and Turner. the world. The conference, co-convened by Mark Sweetingham (DAFWA) and Jon Clements (CLIMA) had the theme “Lupins William Erskine was Assistant Director General for health and wealth” and covered a wide range of topics (Research) at the International Center for Agricultural including breeding, agronomy, animal and human health and Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) in Syria and, nutrition. CLIMA/UWA was a sponsor of the Conference and since January 2008, Director of the Centre for Legumes several CLIMA staff contributed oral presentations. in Mediterranean Agriculture (CLIMA) and of the We have received a number of new research grants in the last International Centre for Plant Breeding Education and six months. Two new projects from GRDC started: Improving Research (ICPBER). herbicide tolerance in break crops with myself as supervisor and Scottish born and raised on a farm near St Andrews, Dr Ping Si as research scientist for three years and the other on William completed a Bachelor of Arts in 1973, a Masters Higher yielding elite lines of pearl lupin for Australian agriculture of Agriculture in 1976 and a PhD (University of Cambridge, for three years with Dr Bevan Buirchell (DAFWA) as supervisor Department of Applied Biology) in 1979. and Dr Jon Clements as research scientist. A new project to continue the rehabilitation of agricultural research in Iraq with He has since gained over 30 years experience world-wide AusAid funding through an ACIAR project at ICARDA was in agricultural research and has published widely with more secured by Professor Siddique. In Iraq the project will concentrate than 120 papers in international journals. on improving cropping systems introducing no-till agronomy, while He serves on the Editorial Boards of The Journal of Agriculture in Australia the focus is on capacity building. We received a grant Science, Experimental Agriculture and The Australian Journal of from the Avon Catchment Council on Adaptation to sustainable Agricultural Research. He is an elected Fellow of the Institute farming systems through the adoption of Lucerne. In 2008, we of Biology, U.K. and of the National Academy of Agricultural have on-going research activities from a total of 16 research Sciences, India. He was given an Award for Service in Lentils grants. A considerable number of fresh project proposals were by the Minister of Agriculture, Bangladesh in 2005. submitted to a range of potential donors in the period. Volume 9 No.2 December 2008 2 BEANSTALK Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture Newsletter CLIMATE CHANGE IN AFRICA continued from page 1 decrease in rainfall increased the number of failed crops (less than 200kg/ha) at the driest site in Zimbabwe, but not at the two wetter sites. Due to the faster growth and shorter time to maturity, the increased temperatures increased the water left in the soil at the end of the growing season and genotypes with a longer time to flowering and maturity gave higher yields at the warmer temperatures. However, the impact of these and other genotypic changes were smaller than the benefits provided by improved management (conservation farming and higher levels of fertilizer) leading to the conclusion that the impact of climate change for smallholder farmers can in the first instance Neil getting friendly with a black rhinoceros at be mitigated by better agronomic management and increased Ol Pejeta Conservancy Park, Kenya. inputs. staff in Nairobi and Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, the effects of a rise Pigeonpea is a legume and fixes nitrogen from the atmosphere in temperature of 1 to 5°C and a 10% increase or decrease in and is usually grown as an inter-row crop in association with daily rainfall were modeled for three locations in Zimbabwe maize or sorghum. It is therefore less able to be managed to and two locations
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Final Report Template
    Native Legumes as a Grain Crop for Diversification in Australia RIRDC Publication No. 10/223 RIRDCInnovation for rural Australia Native Legumes as a Grain Crop for Diversification in Australia by Megan Ryan, Lindsay Bell, Richard Bennett, Margaret Collins and Heather Clarke October 2011 RIRDC Publication No. 10/223 RIRDC Project No. PRJ-000356 © 2011 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN 978-1-74254-188-4 ISSN 1440-6845 Native Legumes as a Grain Crop for Diversification in Australia Publication No. 10/223 Project No. PRJ-000356 The information contained in this publication is intended for general use to assist public knowledge and discussion and to help improve the development of sustainable regions. You must not rely on any information contained in this publication without taking specialist advice relevant to your particular circumstances. While reasonable care has been taken in preparing this publication to ensure that information is true and correct, the Commonwealth of Australia gives no assurance as to the accuracy of any information in this publication. The Commonwealth of Australia, the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC), the authors or contributors expressly disclaim, to the maximum extent permitted by law, all responsibility and liability to any person, arising directly or indirectly from any act or omission, or for any consequences of any such act or omission, made in reliance on the contents of this publication, whether or not caused by any negligence on the part of the Commonwealth of Australia, RIRDC, the authors or contributors. The Commonwealth of Australia does not necessarily endorse the views in this publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Growth, Yield and Yield Component Attributes of Narrow-Leafed Lupin
    Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales (2019) Vol. 7(1):48–55 48 DOI: 10.17138/TGFT(7)48-55 Research Paper Growth, yield and yield component attributes of narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) varieties in the highlands of Ethiopia Crecimiento, rendimiento y componentes del rendimiento de variedades de lupino dulce de hoja angosta (Lupinus angustifolius L.) en las tierras altas de Etiopía FRIEHIWOT ALEMU1, BIMREW ASMARE2 AND LIKAWENT YEHEYIS3 1Woldiya University, Department of Animal Science, Woldiya, Amhara, Ethiopia. www.wldu.edu.et 2Bahir Dar University, Department of Animal Production and Technology, Bahir Dar, Amhara, Ethiopia. www.bdu.edu/caes 3Amhara Agricultural Research Institute, Bahir Dar, Amhara, Ethiopia. www.arari.gov.et Abstract An experiment was conducted to characterize the growth and yield performance of narrow-leafed sweet blue lupin varieties (Lupinus angustifolius L.) in northwestern Ethiopia. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications and included 7 varieties (Bora, Probor, Sanabor, Vitabor, Haags blaue, Borlu and Boregine). Data on days to flowering and to maturity, flower color, plant height, numbers of leaflets, branches and pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, forage dry matter (DM) yield, grain yield and 1,000-seed weight were recorded. The results showed that plant height, number of branches per plant, forage DM yield, number of seeds per pod, grain yield and 1,000-seed weight varied significantly (P<0.01) among varieties. The highest forage DM yield at 50% flowering (2.67 t/ha), numbers of pods per plant (16.9) and of seeds per pod (4.15), grain yield (1,900 kg/ha) and 1,000- seed weight (121 g) were obtained from the Boregine variety.
    [Show full text]
  • Perennial Grain Legume Domestication Phase I: Criteria for Candidate Species Selection
    sustainability Review Perennial Grain Legume Domestication Phase I: Criteria for Candidate Species Selection Brandon Schlautman 1,2,* ID , Spencer Barriball 1, Claudia Ciotir 2,3, Sterling Herron 2,3 and Allison J. Miller 2,3 1 The Land Institute, 2440 E. Water Well Rd., Salina, KS 67401, USA; [email protected] 2 Saint Louis University Department of Biology, 1008 Spring Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; [email protected] (C.C.); [email protected] (S.H.); [email protected] (A.J.M.) 3 Missouri Botanical Garden, 4500 Shaw Blvd. St. Louis, MO 63110, USA * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-785-823-5376 Received: 12 February 2018; Accepted: 4 March 2018; Published: 7 March 2018 Abstract: Annual cereal and legume grain production is dependent on inorganic nitrogen (N) and other fertilizers inputs to resupply nutrients lost as harvested grain, via soil erosion/runoff, and by other natural or anthropogenic causes. Temperate-adapted perennial grain legumes, though currently non-existent, might be uniquely situated as crop plants able to provide relief from reliance on synthetic nitrogen while supplying stable yields of highly nutritious seeds in low-input agricultural ecosystems. As such, perennial grain legume breeding and domestication programs are being initiated at The Land Institute (Salina, KS, USA) and elsewhere. This review aims to facilitate the development of those programs by providing criteria for evaluating potential species and in choosing candidates most likely to be domesticated and adopted as herbaceous, perennial, temperate-adapted grain legumes. We outline specific morphological and ecophysiological traits that may influence each candidate’s agronomic potential, the quality of its seeds and the ecosystem services it can provide.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomic Consequences of Seed Morphology and Anatomy in Three Lupinus Species (Fabaceae-Genisteae)
    CATRINA (2006), 1 (2): 1 -8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT © 2006 BY THE EGYPTIAN SOCIETY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES OF NATURAL RESOURCES, ISMAILIA, EGYPT, JUNE 18-19, 2006 Taxonomic Consequences of Seed Morphology and Anatomy in Three Lupinus Species (Fabaceae-Genisteae) Ream I. Marzouk Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt ABSTRACT The objective of this paper is to study seed coat morphological and anatomical features of three Lupinus species; L. albus L., L. digitatus Forssk. and L. angustifolius L., in order to reveal the taxonomic relationships among them. Among seed coat macromorphological characters used were seed dimensions, seed weight and testa color, while those of the hilum were lens and macula raphalis. Seed coat micromorphological features revealed a similarity between L. digitatus and L. angustifolius since the outer periclinal walls of the isodiametric epidermal cells are tuberculate. The summit of each tubercle takes the form of umbrella with a central elevation in the former species, while each tubercle possesses long and narrow tips in the latter one. However, in L. albus the outer periclinal walls of the isodiametric epidermal cells are combination between pusticulate and reticulate. The anatomy of seed coat of Lupinus species shows that it is formed of two layers, the exotesta and the mesotesta. The exotesta is distinguished into two sublayers; the outer epidermis which is formed of malpighian cellulosic thick- walled cells (macrosclereids) and the inner hypodermis of hourglass thick-walled cells with large intercellular spaces (osteosclereids). On the other hand the mesotesta layer is formed of parenchyma cells.
    [Show full text]
  • (Lupinus Angustifolius L.) Genome
    ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 21 April 2015 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00268 Structure, expression profile and phylogenetic inference of chalcone isomerase-like genes from the narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) genome Łucja Przysiecka 1, 2, Michał Ksi ˛azkiewicz˙ 1*, Bogdan Wolko 1 and Barbara Naganowska 1 1 Department of Genomics, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan,´ Poland, 2 NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan,´ Poland Edited by: Lupins, like other legumes, have a unique biosynthesis scheme of 5-deoxy-type Richard A. Jorgensen, flavonoids and isoflavonoids. A key enzyme in this pathway is chalcone isomerase University of Arizona, USA (CHI), a member of CHI-fold protein family, encompassing subfamilies of CHI1, Reviewed by: Martin Lohr, CHI2, CHI-like (CHIL), and fatty acid-binding (FAP) proteins. Here, two Lupinus Johannes Gutenberg angustifolius (narrow-leafed lupin) CHILs, LangCHIL1 and LangCHIL2, were identified University, Germany and characterized using DNA fingerprinting, cytogenetic and linkage mapping, Jean-Philippe Vielle-Calzada, CINVESTAV, Mexico sequencing and expression profiling. Clones carrying CHIL sequences were assembled *Correspondence: into two contigs. Full gene sequences were obtained from these contigs, and mapped Michał Ksi ˛azkiewicz,˙ in two L. angustifolius linkage groups by gene-specific markers. Bacterial artificial Department of Genomics, Institute of Plant Genetics of the Polish Academy chromosome fluorescence in situ hybridization approach confirmed the localization of of Sciences, Strzeszynska´ 34, two LangCHIL genes in distinct chromosomes. The expression profiles of both LangCHIL Poznan´ 60-479, Poland isoforms were very similar. The highest level of transcription was in the roots of the third [email protected] week of plant growth; thereafter, expression declined.
    [Show full text]
  • Lupinus Angustifolius L
    Draft Genome Sequence, and a Sequence-Defined Genetic Linkage Map of the Legume Crop Species Lupinus angustifolius L. Huaan Yang1., Ye Tao2., Zequn Zheng2, Qisen Zhang1, Gaofeng Zhou1, Mark W. Sweetingham1, John G. Howieson3, Chengdao Li1* 1 Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, South Perth, Australia, 2 Beijing Genome Institute, Shenzhen, China, 3 Centre for Rhizobium Studies, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia Abstract Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) is the most recently domesticated crop in major agricultural cultivation. Its seeds are high in protein and dietary fibre, but low in oil and starch. Medical and dietetic studies have shown that consuming lupin-enriched food has significant health benefits. We report the draft assembly from a whole genome shotgun sequencing dataset for this legume species with 26.9x coverage of the genome, which is predicted to contain 57,807 genes. Analysis of the annotated genes with metabolic pathways provided a partial understanding of some key features of lupin, such as the amino acid profile of storage proteins in seeds. Furthermore, we applied the NGS-based RAD-sequencing technology to obtain 8,244 sequence-defined markers for anchoring the genomic sequences. A total of 4,214 scaffolds from the genome sequence assembly were aligned into the genetic map. The combination of the draft assembly and a sequence-defined genetic map made it possible to locate and study functional genes of agronomic interest. The identification of co-segregating SNP markers, scaffold sequences and gene annotation facilitated the identification of a candidate R gene associated with resistance to the major lupin disease anthracnose. We demonstrated that the combination of medium-depth genome sequencing and a high-density genetic linkage map by application of NGS technology is a cost-effective approach to generating genome sequence data and a large number of molecularmarkerstostudythegenomics,geneticsandfunctionalgenesoflupin,andtoapplythemtomolecularplantbreeding.
    [Show full text]
  • The Potential of Lupinus Angustifolius CV. Uniharvest, in Canterbury As A
    THE POTENTIAL OF LUPINUS ANGUSTIFOLIUS CV. UNIHARVEST, IN CANTERBURY, AS A SUMMER GREENFEED FOR LAMBS A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Agricultural Science in the University of Canterbury by Elizabeth S. Burtt Lincoln College 1981 Abstract of a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of M.Agr.Sc. THE POTENTIAL OF Lupinus Angustifolius CV. UNIHARVEST, IN CANTERBURY, AS A SUMMER GREENFEED FOR LAMBS by Elizabeth S. Burtt Two trials using Lupinus angustifolius cv. Uniharvest were conducted in the summer of 1978-1979 at Lincoln College, Canterbury. From the first trial, designed to measure dry matter accumulation and changing nutritive value of lupins with time, -1 a maximum dry matter yield of just under 990 kg ha was ob- tained 150 days after sowing. Peak digestibility was 65.0 per cent and was recorded at 125 days after sowing. Protein concentration was highest in the young plant (28.75 per cent at 45 days after sowing) and declined after this, but highest total nitrogen yield coincided with peak dry matter accumulat- ion. -2 In the second trial, lupins at 60 and 100 plants m were grazed with weaned lambs at each of four successive stages of the plants' growth - pre-flower, primary flower, secondary flower and green pod (post-flower). Highest dry matter -2 accumulation,at just under 1 000 g m ,occurred at the green pod stage, and peak protein concentration of 23.7 per cent at the pre-flower stage (lower density) • Digestibility was highest at the pre-flower stage (higher density) and the metabolizable energy concentration was also highest in the pre-flower high density plots.
    [Show full text]
  • 6 Lupins in European Cropping Systems
    ©CAB International 2017 – for chapter 6 authors 6 Lupins in European Cropping Systems FABIO GRESTA,1* MICHAEL WINK,2 UDO PRINS,3 MICHAEL ABBERTON,4 JESSICA CAPRARO,5 ALESSIO SCARAFONI5 AND GEORGE HILL6 1Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy; 2Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Germany; 3Louis Bolk Institute, Driebergen, the Netherlands; 4Genetic Resources Centre, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Nigeria; 5University of Milan, Italy; 6Lincoln University, New Zealand Abstract The lupins are an interesting group of legume crop species that produce large seeds containing up to 40% protein. The genus Lupinus is part of the tribe Genisteae. More than 170 species have been described from the New World and only 12 species from Europe, North and East Africa. Wild lupins are bitter and toxic because they produce quinolizidine alkaloids as a means of chemical defence. During domestication, lupins with low alkaloid contents were selected, leading to ‘sweet’ lupins with alkaloid con- tents below 0.02% in the protein-rich seeds, which can be used both for human and animal consumption. The domesticated lupins include Lupinus angustifolius, Lupinus albus, Lupinus luteus and Lupinus mutabilis. Blue or narrow-leafed lupin (L. angustifolius) is the most widely cultivated of them, with a worldwide production of more than 1.3 million t. Several challenges remain for lupin breeding, including the improvement of quantitative and qualitative traits, adaptation to alkaline soil and resistance to fungal pathogens. Introduction and Taxonomy Lupin species from the Americas are mostly herbaceous perennials, whereas Old World lupins are generally annuals. All of them host symbiotic nitrogen- fixing Bradyrhizobium in root nodules (Sprent and McKey, 1994).
    [Show full text]
  • Growth, Yield and Seed Composition of Native Australian Legumes with Potential As Grain Crops
    The University of Notre Dame Australia ResearchOnline@ND Sciences Papers and Journal Articles School of Sciences 2011 Growth, yield and seed composition of native Australian legumes with potential as grain crops Lindsay W. Bell CSIRO, [email protected] Megan H. Ryan UWA Richard G. Bennett UWA Margaret T. Collins Centre for Legumes in Medeiterranean Agriculture Heather J. Clarke UWA and University of Notre Dame Australia, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://researchonline.nd.edu.au/sci__article Part of the Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons This article was originally published as: Bell, L. W., Ryan, M. H., Bennett, R. G., Collins, M. T., & Clarke, H. J. (2011). Growth, yield and seed composition of native Australian legumes with potential as grain crops. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 92 (7), 1354–1361. http://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4706 This article is posted on ResearchOnline@ND at https://researchonline.nd.edu.au/sci__article/43. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Research Article Received: 17 May 2011 Revised: 21 July 2011 Accepted: 16 September 2011 Published online in Wiley Online Library: (wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI 10.1002/jsfa.4706 Growth, yield and seed composition of native Australian legumes with potential as grain crops Lindsay W Bell,a∗ Megan H Ryan,b Richard G Bennett,b,c Margaret T Collinsd and Heather J Clarked† Abstract BACKGROUND: Many Australian native legumes grow in arid and nutrient-poor environments. Yet few Australian herbaceous legumes have been investigated for domestication potential. This study compared growth and reproductive traits, grain yield and seed composition of 17 native Australian legumes with three commercial grain legumes.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genetic Basis of Seed Coat Polymorphisms in Lupinus Perennis
    THE GENETIC BASIS FOR SEED COAT POLYMORPHISMS IN LUPINUS PERENNIS Rachel E. Wilson A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE December 2019 Committee: Helen Michaels, Advisor Paul Morris Scott Rogers © 2019 Rachel Wilson All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Helen J. Michaels, Advisor Multigenetic traits, specifically seed coat phenotypes, are poorly understood in domesticated plants. This knowledge gap can sometimes be filled by studying wild relatives (Mammadov et al., 2018; von Wettberg 2018). Pigments responsible for seed colors are deposited in the seed coat, which is composed of the two outermost layers of a seed. Seed coat phenotypes can be polymorphic and typically involve complex pathways with multiple layers of expression controlling pigmentation compounds, like anthocyanins. The Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Pathway (ABP) plays a central role in the polymorphic phenotypes of seed coats in many legumes, a family that includes Lupines such as Lupinus perennis (Chalker-Scott, 1999). We hypothesized that the genetics of the ABP correlate with seed coat phenotype. This study aims to identify candidate genes that might be responsible for color differences in the polymorphic seeds of L. perennis. Using RNA sequencing (RNAseq), we produced de novo assemblies of the seed coat transcriptomes of immature seeds of white and speckled seeds. There were two stages of immature seeds used: a pre-pigment and post-pigment stage. The use of both stages increased the chance of constructing a transcriptome containing pigment transcripts. Putative functional annotations of the seed coat transcripts were assigned using multiple databases.
    [Show full text]
  • Insects Associated with the Lupin (Lupinus Angustifolius) Cultivars Fest
    INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE LUPIN (LUPINUS ANGUSTIFOLIUS) CULTIVARS FEST AND UNIHARVEST A thesis submitted In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Applied Science in the University of Canterbury by B.M. Harris Lincoln College 1980 i Abstract of a thesis submitted In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of M.Appl.Sci. INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE LUPIN (LUPINUS ANGUSTIFOLIUS) CULTIVARS FEST AND UNIHARVEST by B.M. Harris The insect fauna of two Lupinus angustifolius cultivars (Fest and Uniharvest) was surveyed between October, 1978 and March, 1979. The main sampling methods were sweepnetting, use of the D-Vac R , and pod removal. Glasshouse experiments were carried out with species showing pest potential (based on the survey). These species were Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), Nysius huttoni White, and Sidnia kinbergi (Stalenberg). While ~. pisum and ~. kinbergi had their pest potential confirmed, ~. huttoni did not. Although the aphids Acyrthosiphon kondoi Shinji, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thompson) and Myzus ~rslcae (Sulzer) were not studied in the laboratory, field data indicated their pest potential. Insects to show lesser pest potential were Calocoris norvegicus (Gmelin), Hyle~yia deceptiva ii Malloch, and Hylemyia platura (Meigen). Important potential predators or parasites were Austromicromus tasmaniae (Walker), Coccinella undecimpunctata L., Tropiconabis capsiformis (Germar), some Araneae species and single unidentified species of Braconidae and Eulophidae. The cultivar Uniharvest was the preferred host presumably because it does not possess the toxic alkaloids of Fest. However, crop loss through insect damage appeared unimportant compared to th~ 10% loss of Uniharvest caused by the aphid-borne bean yellow mosaic virus. iii CONTENTS PART ONE IN,;[,RODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 11 LITERATURE REVIEW 3 2 .~ LUPINS : GENERAL INFORMATION 3 A.
    [Show full text]
  • Lupinus Albus Y L. Angustifolius (Fabaceae, Faboideae) Morphoanatomy of Seedlings of Two Species of Grain Lupins: Lupinus Albus and L
    Lilloa 55 (1): 67–80, 8 de junio de 2018 67 Morfoanatomía de las plántulas de dos especies de lupinos graníferos: Lupinus albus y L. angustifolius (Fabaceae, Faboideae) Morphoanatomy of seedlings of two species of grain lupins: Lupinus albus and L. angustifolius (Fabaceae, Faboideae) D.O.I.: doi.org/10.30550/j.lil/2018.55.1/6 Seisdedos, Lina1,2*; Ana M. Planchuelo2* 1 Botánica Morfológica, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Pje. Félix Aldo Marrone 746, Ciudad Uni- versitaria, Córdoba. Argentina. 2 CREAN–IMBIV–CONICET–UNC, Fac. de Ciencias Agropecuarias, C.C. 509, (5000) Córdoba, Argentina. * Autor corresponsal: [email protected]; [email protected] ä Resumen — Se describe y compara la morfoanatomía de las plántulas de dos especies de lupinos graníferos (Lupinus albus L. y L. angustifolius L.). Para obtener las plántulas se sembraron 60 semillas por especie en terrinas con arena gruesa. A los 20 días de la siem- bra se seleccionaron 15 plántulas y se midieron los largos de hipocótilos, epicótilos, y largos y anchos de folíolos, que mostraron diferencias significativas, excepto en longitudes de los folíolos. Se realizaron preparados para microscopía óptica de epidermis y cortes transversales de raíz primaria, hipocótilo, epicótilo, pecíolo y folíolo, que fueron analizados, diagramados y fotografiados. Ambas especies comparten la estructura diarca de raíz y las características de los folíolos anfiestomáticos, con estomas anomocíticos y con cara adaxial glabra. Las dife- rencias más notorias, son la presencia de una capa de colénquima laminar, un mayor número de haces vasculares en el hipocótilo y epicótilo de L. angustifolius y una vaina amilácea en el hipocótilo de L.
    [Show full text]