DOCSLIB.ORG

Growth, Yield and Seed Composition of Native Australian Legumes with Potential As Grain Crops

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Growth, Yield and Seed Composition of Native Australian Legumes with Potential As Grain Crops The University of Notre Dame Australia ResearchOnline@ND Sciences Papers and Journal Articles School of Sciences 2011 Growth, yield and seed composition of native Australian legumes with potential as grain crops Lindsay W. Bell CSIRO, [email protected] Megan H. Ryan UWA Richard G. Bennett UWA Margaret T. Collins Centre for Legumes in Medeiterranean Agriculture Heather J. Clarke UWA and University of Notre Dame Australia, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://researchonline.nd.edu.au/sci__article Part of the Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons This article was originally published as: Bell, L. W., Ryan, M. H., Bennett, R. G., Collins, M. T., & Clarke, H. J. (2011). Growth, yield and seed composition of native Australian legumes with potential as grain crops. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 92 (7), 1354–1361. http://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4706 This article is posted on ResearchOnline@ND at https://researchonline.nd.edu.au/sci__article/43. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Research Article Received: 17 May 2011 Revised: 21 July 2011 Accepted: 16 September 2011 Published online in Wiley Online Library: (wileyonlinelibrary.com) DOI 10.1002/jsfa.4706 Growth, yield and seed composition of native Australian legumes with potential as grain crops Lindsay W Bell,a∗ Megan H Ryan,b Richard G Bennett,b,c Margaret T Collinsd and Heather J Clarked† Abstract BACKGROUND: Many Australian native legumes grow in arid and nutrient-poor environments. Yet few Australian herbaceous legumes have been investigated for domestication potential. This study compared growth and reproductive traits, grain yield and seed composition of 17 native Australian legumes with three commercial grain legumes. RESULTS: Seed yields of seven native legumes were >40% of Cicer arietnum, with highest seed yields and harvest indices in Glycine sp. (14.4 g per plant, 0.54 g g−1)andLotus cruentus (10.2 g per plant, 0.65 g g−1). Five native species flowered earlier than field pea (Pisum sativa) (109 days), though many were slower to flower and set seed. Largest seeds were found in Glycine canescens (17 mg), with seed of other native species 14 times smaller than commercial cultivars. Seed composition of many native legumes was similar to commercial cultivars (200–330 g protein kg−1 dry weight (DW), 130–430 g dietary fibre kg−1 DW). Two Cullen species had high fat content (>110 g kg−1 DW) and Trigonella sauvissima had the highest crude protein content (370 g kg−1 DW). CONCLUSION: The seed composition and reproductive traits of some wild native Australian legumes suggest they could offer potential as grain crops for soils and environments where the current grain legumes are uneconomic. Further evaluation of genetic diversity, especially for seed size, overall productivity, and reproductive development is needed. c 2011 Society of Chemical Industry Keywords: novel crops; phenology; perennial; Kennedia; Swainsona; Rhynchosia INTRODUCTION examining approaches to integrate perennial pastures and tree The performance of many exotic legumes used in Australian crops into agricultural systems to reduce dryland salinity. Perennial agriculture is constrained by variable climatic conditions and grain crops have been proposed as an alternative that brings infertile soils.1 Many indigenous Australian legumes may be many sustainability benefits to agriculture while maintaining grain more productive than exotic species when grown under low- production.11,12 Perennial grain crops may only require grain yields fertility or drought conditions.2–5 For example, under low soil P of 40–60% of current crops if they could grow in areas where concentrations the native legumes Kennedia prorepens F. Muell. current crops are less profitable or if they could provide additional 13 and Lotus australis Andrews produced 32 times and 11 times more grazing for livestock. Many of Australia’s native legumes have 6 biomass than lucerne (Medicago sativa), respectively.4 Despite potential as forage species and hence could be used for the dual theirinherentadaptationtochallengingenvironments,thediverse purposes of grain and grazing. legume flora of Australia has received limited assessment for agricultural potential, and focus to date has been on their potential 5–10 as pastures. Few studies investigate Australia’s legumes for ∗ Correspondence to: Lindsay W Bell, CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, PO Box 102, their potential as alternative grain crops. Furthermore, Australia Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia. E-mail: [email protected] has native legumes closely related to globally important grain † legume crops such as Trigonella (fenugreek), Vigna (mungbean), University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA 6959, Australia. andGlycine,whichincludesthemostwidelygrownoilseedlegume: a CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia soybean (Glycinemax L.). As well as the potential to provide a wider varietyofadaptedlegumesformodernfarmingsystems,Australian b School of Plant Biology and Institute of Agriculture M081, University of Western legume germplasm in these genera could provide plant breeders Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia across the world with a valuable resource for increased adaptation c CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia to water-limited and infertile environments. Many Australian herbaceous legumes are also perennial and d CentreforLegumesinMediterraneanAgriculture(CLIMA),UniversityofWestern offer sustainability benefits for agriculture. Ongoing work is Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia J Sci Food Agric (2011) www.soci.org c 2011 Society of Chemical Industry www.soci.org LW Bell et al. Table 1. The 17 native Australian herbaceous legumes and three commercial grain legumes grown in the study, the cultivar/accession used and a description of the growth habit and life cycle of each species Species Accession no./cultivar Growth habit Life cyclea Native legumes Cullen australasicum (Schltdl.) J. W. Grimes SA44380 Erect sub-shrub A Cullen cinereum (Lindl.) J. W. Grimes AusTrCF 320112 Erect sub-shrub P Cullen graveolens (Domin.) J. W. Grimes AusTrCF 320184 Erect A Cullen tenax (Lindl.) J. W. Grimes AusTrCF 320110 Prostrate to erect P Glycine canescens F. J. Herm NIND001 Perennial twinning P Glycine sp.b NIND004 Perennial twinning ? Glycyrrhiza acanthocarpa (Lindl.) J. M. Black C2N01GA Semi-prostrate to ascending P Kennedia coccinea Vent. NS-26828 Twining P Kennedia prorepens F. Muell. NS-30323 Prostrate to ascending P or A Lotus cruentus Court NF003 Prostrate to ascending P Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC NF013 Prostrate or twining P Swainsona canescens (Benth.) F. Muell. KIMS003 Prostrate or erect, spreading A Swainsona colutoides F. Muell. NIND006 Erect A or P Swainsona kingii F. Muell. NF002 Prostrate or ascending A or P Swainsona purpurea (A. T. Lee) Joy Thomps. KIMS004 Erect to spreading P Swainsona swainsonioides (Benth.) J. M. Black KIMS005 Spreading ascending A Trigonella sauvissima Lindl. Fortescue collection Erect to prostrate or ascending A Commercial grain legumes Cicer arietnum L. (chickpea) Rupali Spreading ascending A Pisum sativum L. (field pea) Kaspa Twining, ascending A Lupinus angustifolius L. (narrow-leaf lupin) Mandelup Erect A a A, annual; P, perennial. b Speciesisunknown. Although Australian legumes were consumed by Aboriginals, and Trigonella suavissima Lindl. One previous study found that there is no evidence of any kind of their domestication. The use Hardenbergia violacea (Schneev.) Stearn, Crotalaria cunninghamii, of seeds as a food source is mainly documented for several Acacia and Kennedia nigricans Lindl. were worthy of further investigation species,14,15 though there is evidence of Swainsona galegafolia as grain crops, as they possessed relatively large seeds (38 mg, (Andrews) R. Br. (smooth Darling pea) being eaten fresh and 38 mg, and 16 mg, respectively) and contained crude protein tasting similar to common garden pea.16 There are few published content of 210–280 g kg−1 fresh weight.19 However, there is records of the ethnobotany of many Australian native legumes; the little information on the grain or seed production potential ephemeral growth of many species or their rarity in the vegetation and seed composition of many native Australian legumes. may have rendered them an unreliable food source. Antinutritional Therefore, this investigation was conducted to compare the compounds or toxins (e.g. alkaloids, furanocoumarins, and growth characteristics, reproductive development, seed yield, and hydrogen cyanide), present in many Australian legumes, may also seed composition of selected species with those of commercially lower their palatability or edibility. ‘Dilly bags’ (leaching baskets) grown grain legume crops. We found that several native legumes were commonly used by Aborigines to remove toxins by soaking had similar reproductive development, reproductive allocation, certain seeds and legumes in running water for hours or days. and seed composition, but smaller seed size than commercial Despite known toxins in Australian legumes, many secondary grain legume cultivars. compounds in Australian plants have pharmaceutical uses, and within many genera and species there is significant variation in their presence and activity.17,18 A recent review of the potential of Australian native legumes METHODS systematically evaluated 14 genera for their adaptation to arid Experimental design and management and winter-dominant semi-arid climatic regions, as well as Seventeen native Australian
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Lake Pinaroo Ramsar Site
    Ecological character description: Lake Pinaroo Ramsar site Ecological character description: Lake Pinaroo Ramsar site Disclaimer The Department of Environment and Climate Change NSW (DECC) has compiled the Ecological character description: Lake Pinaroo Ramsar site in good faith, exercising all due care and attention. DECC does not accept responsibility for any inaccurate or incomplete information supplied by third parties. No representation is made about the accuracy, completeness or suitability of the information in this publication for any particular purpose. Readers should seek appropriate advice about the suitability of the information to their needs. © State of New South Wales and Department of Environment and Climate Change DECC is pleased to allow the reproduction of material from this publication on the condition that the source, publisher and authorship are appropriately acknowledged. Published by: Department of Environment and Climate Change NSW 59–61 Goulburn Street, Sydney PO Box A290, Sydney South 1232 Phone: 131555 (NSW only – publications and information requests) (02) 9995 5000 (switchboard) Fax: (02) 9995 5999 TTY: (02) 9211 4723 Email: [email protected] Website: www.environment.nsw.gov.au DECC 2008/275 ISBN 978 1 74122 839 7 June 2008 Printed on environmentally sustainable paper Cover photos Inset upper: Lake Pinaroo in flood, 1976 (DECC) Aerial: Lake Pinaroo in flood, March 1976 (DECC) Inset lower left: Blue-billed duck (R. Kingsford) Inset lower middle: Red-necked avocet (C. Herbert) Inset lower right: Red-capped plover (C. Herbert) Summary An ecological character description has been defined as ‘the combination of the ecosystem components, processes, benefits and services that characterise a wetland at a given point in time’.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Report Template
    Native Legumes as a Grain Crop for Diversification in Australia RIRDC Publication No. 10/223 RIRDCInnovation for rural Australia Native Legumes as a Grain Crop for Diversification in Australia by Megan Ryan, Lindsay Bell, Richard Bennett, Margaret Collins and Heather Clarke October 2011 RIRDC Publication No. 10/223 RIRDC Project No. PRJ-000356 © 2011 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN 978-1-74254-188-4 ISSN 1440-6845 Native Legumes as a Grain Crop for Diversification in Australia Publication No. 10/223 Project No. PRJ-000356 The information contained in this publication is intended for general use to assist public knowledge and discussion and to help improve the development of sustainable regions. You must not rely on any information contained in this publication without taking specialist advice relevant to your particular circumstances. While reasonable care has been taken in preparing this publication to ensure that information is true and correct, the Commonwealth of Australia gives no assurance as to the accuracy of any information in this publication. The Commonwealth of Australia, the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation (RIRDC), the authors or contributors expressly disclaim, to the maximum extent permitted by law, all responsibility and liability to any person, arising directly or indirectly from any act or omission, or for any consequences of any such act or omission, made in reliance on the contents of this publication, whether or not caused by any negligence on the part of the Commonwealth of Australia, RIRDC, the authors or contributors. The Commonwealth of Australia does not necessarily endorse the views in this publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Arid and Semi-Arid Lakes
    WETLAND MANAGEMENT PROFILE ARID AND SEMI-ARID LAKES Arid and semi-arid lakes are key inland This profi le covers the habitat types of ecosystems, forming part of an important wetlands termed arid and semi-arid network of feeding and breeding habitats for fl oodplain lakes, arid and semi-arid non- migratory and non-migratory waterbirds. The fl oodplain lakes, arid and semi-arid lakes support a range of other species, some permanent lakes, and arid and semi-arid of which are specifi cally adapted to survive in saline lakes. variable fresh to saline water regimes and This typology, developed by the Queensland through times when the lakes dry out. Arid Wetlands Program, also forms the basis for a set and semi-arid lakes typically have highly of conceptual models that are linked to variable annual surface water infl ows and vary dynamic wetlands mapping, both of which can in size, depth, salinity and turbidity as they be accessed through the WetlandInfo website cycle through periods of wet and dry. The <www.derm/qld.gov.au/wetlandinfo>. main management issues affecting arid and semi-arid lakes are: water regulation or Description extraction affecting local and/or regional This wetland management profi le focuses on the arid hydrology, grazing pressure from domestic and semi-arid zone lakes found within Queensland’s and feral animals, weeds and tourism impacts. inland-draining catchments in the Channel Country, Desert Uplands, Einasleigh Uplands and Mulga Lands bioregions. There are two broad types of river catchments in Australia: exhoreic, where most rainwater eventually drains to the sea; and endorheic, with internal drainage, where surface run-off never reaches the sea but replenishes inland wetland systems.
    [Show full text]
  • The Synopsis of the Genus Trigonella L. (Fabaceae) in Turkey
    Turkish Journal of Botany Turk J Bot (2020) 44: 670-693 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/botany/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/bot-2004-63 The synopsis of the genus Trigonella L. (Fabaceae) in Turkey 1, 2 2 Hasan AKAN *, Murat EKİCİ , Zeki AYTAÇ 1 Biology Department, Faculty of Art and Science, Harran University, Şanlıurfa, Turkey 2 Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey Received: 25.04.2020 Accepted/Published Online: 23.11.2020 Final Version: 30.11.2020 Abstract: In this study, the synopsis of the taxa of the genus Trigonella in Turkey is presented. It is represented with 34 taxa in Turkey. The name of Trigonella coelesyriaca was misspelled to Flora of Turkey and the correct name of this species, Trigonella caelesyriaca, was given in this study. The endemic Trigonella raphanina has been reduced to synonym of T. cassia and T. balansae is reduced to synonym of T. corniculata. In addition, T. spruneriana var. sibthorpii is reevaluated as a distinct species. Lectotypification was designated forT. capitata, T. spruneriana and T. velutina. Neotypification was decided for T. cylindracea and T. cretica species. Trigonella taxa used to be represented by 52 taxa in the Flora of Turkey. However, they have later been evaluated by different studies under 32 species (34 taxa) in Turkey. In this study, taxonomic notes, diagnostic keys are provided and general distribution as well as their conservation status of each species within the genus in Turkey is given. Key words: Anatolia, lectotype, Leguminosae, neotype, systematic 1. Introduction graecum L. (Fenugreek) were known and used for different The genus Trigonella L.
    [Show full text]
  • Growth, Yield and Yield Component Attributes of Narrow-Leafed Lupin
    Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales (2019) Vol. 7(1):48–55 48 DOI: 10.17138/TGFT(7)48-55 Research Paper Growth, yield and yield component attributes of narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) varieties in the highlands of Ethiopia Crecimiento, rendimiento y componentes del rendimiento de variedades de lupino dulce de hoja angosta (Lupinus angustifolius L.) en las tierras altas de Etiopía FRIEHIWOT ALEMU1, BIMREW ASMARE2 AND LIKAWENT YEHEYIS3 1Woldiya University, Department of Animal Science, Woldiya, Amhara, Ethiopia. www.wldu.edu.et 2Bahir Dar University, Department of Animal Production and Technology, Bahir Dar, Amhara, Ethiopia. www.bdu.edu/caes 3Amhara Agricultural Research Institute, Bahir Dar, Amhara, Ethiopia. www.arari.gov.et Abstract An experiment was conducted to characterize the growth and yield performance of narrow-leafed sweet blue lupin varieties (Lupinus angustifolius L.) in northwestern Ethiopia. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications and included 7 varieties (Bora, Probor, Sanabor, Vitabor, Haags blaue, Borlu and Boregine). Data on days to flowering and to maturity, flower color, plant height, numbers of leaflets, branches and pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, forage dry matter (DM) yield, grain yield and 1,000-seed weight were recorded. The results showed that plant height, number of branches per plant, forage DM yield, number of seeds per pod, grain yield and 1,000-seed weight varied significantly (P<0.01) among varieties. The highest forage DM yield at 50% flowering (2.67 t/ha), numbers of pods per plant (16.9) and of seeds per pod (4.15), grain yield (1,900 kg/ha) and 1,000- seed weight (121 g) were obtained from the Boregine variety.
    [Show full text]
  • Fruits and Seeds of Genera in the Subfamily Faboideae (Fabaceae)
    Fruits and Seeds of United States Department of Genera in the Subfamily Agriculture Agricultural Faboideae (Fabaceae) Research Service Technical Bulletin Number 1890 Volume I December 2003 United States Department of Agriculture Fruits and Seeds of Agricultural Research Genera in the Subfamily Service Technical Bulletin Faboideae (Fabaceae) Number 1890 Volume I Joseph H. Kirkbride, Jr., Charles R. Gunn, and Anna L. Weitzman Fruits of A, Centrolobium paraense E.L.R. Tulasne. B, Laburnum anagyroides F.K. Medikus. C, Adesmia boronoides J.D. Hooker. D, Hippocrepis comosa, C. Linnaeus. E, Campylotropis macrocarpa (A.A. von Bunge) A. Rehder. F, Mucuna urens (C. Linnaeus) F.K. Medikus. G, Phaseolus polystachios (C. Linnaeus) N.L. Britton, E.E. Stern, & F. Poggenburg. H, Medicago orbicularis (C. Linnaeus) B. Bartalini. I, Riedeliella graciliflora H.A.T. Harms. J, Medicago arabica (C. Linnaeus) W. Hudson. Kirkbride is a research botanist, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, BARC West Room 304, Building 011A, Beltsville, MD, 20705-2350 (email = [email protected]). Gunn is a botanist (retired) from Brevard, NC (email = [email protected]). Weitzman is a botanist with the Smithsonian Institution, Department of Botany, Washington, DC. Abstract Kirkbride, Joseph H., Jr., Charles R. Gunn, and Anna L radicle junction, Crotalarieae, cuticle, Cytiseae, Weitzman. 2003. Fruits and seeds of genera in the subfamily Dalbergieae, Daleeae, dehiscence, DELTA, Desmodieae, Faboideae (Fabaceae). U. S. Department of Agriculture, Dipteryxeae, distribution, embryo, embryonic axis, en- Technical Bulletin No. 1890, 1,212 pp. docarp, endosperm, epicarp, epicotyl, Euchresteae, Fabeae, fracture line, follicle, funiculus, Galegeae, Genisteae, Technical identification of fruits and seeds of the economi- gynophore, halo, Hedysareae, hilar groove, hilar groove cally important legume plant family (Fabaceae or lips, hilum, Hypocalypteae, hypocotyl, indehiscent, Leguminosae) is often required of U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Flora Survey on Hiltaba Station and Gawler Ranges National Park
    Flora Survey on Hiltaba Station and Gawler Ranges National Park Hiltaba Pastoral Lease and Gawler Ranges National Park, South Australia Survey conducted: 12 to 22 Nov 2012 Report submitted: 22 May 2013 P.J. Lang, J. Kellermann, G.H. Bell & H.B. Cross with contributions from C.J. Brodie, H.P. Vonow & M. Waycott SA Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources Vascular plants, macrofungi, lichens, and bryophytes Bush Blitz – Flora Survey on Hiltaba Station and Gawler Ranges NP, November 2012 Report submitted to Bush Blitz, Australian Biological Resources Study: 22 May 2013. Published online on http://data.environment.sa.gov.au/: 25 Nov. 2016. ISBN 978-1-922027-49-8 (pdf) © Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resouces, South Australia, 2013. With the exception of the Piping Shrike emblem, images, and other material or devices protected by a trademark and subject to review by the Government of South Australia at all times, this report is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. All other rights are reserved. This report should be cited as: Lang, P.J.1, Kellermann, J.1, 2, Bell, G.H.1 & Cross, H.B.1, 2, 3 (2013). Flora survey on Hiltaba Station and Gawler Ranges National Park: vascular plants, macrofungi, lichens, and bryophytes. Report for Bush Blitz, Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra. (Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources, South Australia: Adelaide). Authors’ addresses: 1State Herbarium of South Australia, Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources (DEWNR), GPO Box 1047, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • Perennial Grain Legume Domestication Phase I: Criteria for Candidate Species Selection
    sustainability Review Perennial Grain Legume Domestication Phase I: Criteria for Candidate Species Selection Brandon Schlautman 1,2,* ID , Spencer Barriball 1, Claudia Ciotir 2,3, Sterling Herron 2,3 and Allison J. Miller 2,3 1 The Land Institute, 2440 E. Water Well Rd., Salina, KS 67401, USA; [email protected] 2 Saint Louis University Department of Biology, 1008 Spring Ave., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; [email protected] (C.C.); [email protected] (S.H.); [email protected] (A.J.M.) 3 Missouri Botanical Garden, 4500 Shaw Blvd. St. Louis, MO 63110, USA * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-785-823-5376 Received: 12 February 2018; Accepted: 4 March 2018; Published: 7 March 2018 Abstract: Annual cereal and legume grain production is dependent on inorganic nitrogen (N) and other fertilizers inputs to resupply nutrients lost as harvested grain, via soil erosion/runoff, and by other natural or anthropogenic causes. Temperate-adapted perennial grain legumes, though currently non-existent, might be uniquely situated as crop plants able to provide relief from reliance on synthetic nitrogen while supplying stable yields of highly nutritious seeds in low-input agricultural ecosystems. As such, perennial grain legume breeding and domestication programs are being initiated at The Land Institute (Salina, KS, USA) and elsewhere. This review aims to facilitate the development of those programs by providing criteria for evaluating potential species and in choosing candidates most likely to be domesticated and adopted as herbaceous, perennial, temperate-adapted grain legumes. We outline specific morphological and ecophysiological traits that may influence each candidate’s agronomic potential, the quality of its seeds and the ecosystem services it can provide.
    [Show full text]
  • Vegetation and Soil Assessment of Selected Waterholes of the Diamantina and Warburton Rivers, South Australia, 2014-2016
    Vegetation and Soil Assessment of Selected Waterholes of the Diamantina and Warburton Rivers, South Australia, 2014-2016 J.S. Gillen June 2017 Report to the South Australian Arid Lands Natural Resources Management Board Fenner School of Environment & Society, Australian National University, Canberra Disclaimer The South Australian Arid Lands Natural Resources Management Board, and its employees do not warrant or make any representation regarding the use, or results of use of the information contained herein as to its correctness, accuracy, reliability, currency or otherwise. The South Australian Arid Lands Natural Resources Management Board and its employees expressly disclaim all liability or responsibility to any person using the information or advice. © South Australian Arid Lands Natural Resources Management Board 2017 This report may be cited as: Gillen, J.S. Vegetation and soil assessment of selected waterholes of the Diamantina and Warburton Rivers, South Australia, 2014-16. Report by Australian National University to the South Australian Arid Lands Natural Resources Management Board, Pt Augusta. Cover images: Warburton River April 2015; Cowarie Crossing Warburton River May 2016 Copies of the report can be obtained from: Natural Resources Centre, Port Augusta T: +61 (8) 8648 5300 E: [email protected] Vegetation and Soil Assessment 2 Contents 1 Study Aims and Funding Context 6 2 Study Region Characteristics 7 2.1 Location 7 2.2 Climate 7 3 The Diamantina: dryland river in an arid environment 10 3.1 Methodology 11 3.2 Stages 12
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomic Consequences of Seed Morphology and Anatomy in Three Lupinus Species (Fabaceae-Genisteae)
    CATRINA (2006), 1 (2): 1 -8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT © 2006 BY THE EGYPTIAN SOCIETY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES OF NATURAL RESOURCES, ISMAILIA, EGYPT, JUNE 18-19, 2006 Taxonomic Consequences of Seed Morphology and Anatomy in Three Lupinus Species (Fabaceae-Genisteae) Ream I. Marzouk Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt ABSTRACT The objective of this paper is to study seed coat morphological and anatomical features of three Lupinus species; L. albus L., L. digitatus Forssk. and L. angustifolius L., in order to reveal the taxonomic relationships among them. Among seed coat macromorphological characters used were seed dimensions, seed weight and testa color, while those of the hilum were lens and macula raphalis. Seed coat micromorphological features revealed a similarity between L. digitatus and L. angustifolius since the outer periclinal walls of the isodiametric epidermal cells are tuberculate. The summit of each tubercle takes the form of umbrella with a central elevation in the former species, while each tubercle possesses long and narrow tips in the latter one. However, in L. albus the outer periclinal walls of the isodiametric epidermal cells are combination between pusticulate and reticulate. The anatomy of seed coat of Lupinus species shows that it is formed of two layers, the exotesta and the mesotesta. The exotesta is distinguished into two sublayers; the outer epidermis which is formed of malpighian cellulosic thick- walled cells (macrosclereids) and the inner hypodermis of hourglass thick-walled cells with large intercellular spaces (osteosclereids). On the other hand the mesotesta layer is formed of parenchyma cells.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review on Trigonella Foenum-Graecum According to Traditional Systems of Medicine
    ISSN (Online): 2455-3662 EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR) - Peer Reviewed Journal Volume: 7 | Issue: 6 | June 2021|| Journal DOI: 10.36713/epra2013 || SJIF Impact Factor 2021: 8.047 || ISI Value: 1.188 A REVIEW ON TRIGONELLA FOENUM-GRAECUM ACCORDING TO TRADITIONAL SYSTEMS OF MEDICINE MMM.Nifras1*, JF.Fatheena1, AM.Muthalib1 1Demonstrator, Institute of Indigenous Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka 1Demonstrator, Institute of Indigenous Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka 1Senior Lecturer, Institute of Indigenous Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka ABSTRACT Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) is an erect annual herb which belongs to the family Fabaceae/ Leguminosae. It is cultivated as leafy vegetable, condiment and as a medicinal plant. The fresh tender leaves and stem are consumed as curried vegetables and the seeds are used as spices for flavouring almost all the dishes. It is an old medicinal plant which has been commonly used in traditional systems of medicine. This study was carried out to give an overview on Fenugreek according to traditional systems of medicine and to review the recent scientific evidences of phytochemical and pharmacological studies systematically. Phytochemical evidences suggest major constituents found in Fenugreek are alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, saponins etc. Fenugreek contains a number of steroidal sapogenins, specially diosgenin found in oily embryo. Two furastanol glycosides, F-ring opened precursors of diosgenin have been reported, as also hederagin glycosides. the alkaloid trigonelline, trigocoumarin, trimethyl coumarin and nicotinic acid are also present. From the seeds, mucilage as a prominent constituent, along with vitexin and isovitexin have been isolated. The stem contains diosgenin and trigoforin.
    [Show full text]
  • Data Regarding the Morphologic and Chemical Characterization of Trigonella Foenum-Graecum Seeds
    Studia Universitatis DATA REGARDING THE MORPHOLOGIC AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TRIGONELLA FOENUM-GRAECUM SEEDS George-Ciprian PRIBAC1, Aurel ARDELEAN1, Violeta TURCUȘ1, Claudia-Crina TOMA1, Coralia COTORACI1, Liana MOȘ1, Constantin CRĂCIUN2 1”Vasile Goldis” West University Arad, Romania 2”Babes-Bolyai” University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania * Correspondence: Pribac George-Ciprian, „Vasile Goldis” West University Arad, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, no. 1 Feleacului St., Arad, +40-257-212204, e-mail: [email protected] Received: march 2008; Published: may 2008 ABSTRACT. Trigonella foenum-graecum is an annual, herbal specie, that grows spontaneously on cereals crops and is also known as fenugreek. As powder, the drogue can be identified through chromatography, in the following experiment conditions. Test solution: 1,0g drogue powder mixed with 0.5 ml methanol for 5 minutes in the water bath, heated at 65OC, afterwards chilled and filtrated. Reference solution: 3,0 mg hydrochloric trigonelin dissolved in 1,0 ml methanol. Load: 20 μl test solution and 10 μl reference solution correspond to 2 cm of GF 254 silica gel tape. Solvent system: water – methanol (30 – 70) and migration distance: 10 cm; detection and evaluation: within UV light, with λ=254 nm wavelength. The fenugreek has in its chemical composition 45-60% carbohydrates, especially mucilages located in the call walls; in the endosperm two types of galactomanans are predominant: 1,4-β-glicosil-manose which alternates with α- glicosil-manoze, both connected with a small proportion of xilose. Also, starch and oligo-sacharide fibres are present. As conclusion, even if at least 11 vegetal products were identified, with hypo-cholesterol potential, the proofs remain limited.
    [Show full text]