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Annexure: Curriculum of the Sikh Kanya Mahavidyalaya: 1916 and 1929

© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021 167 T. Bassi, A Study of the Sikh Kanya Mahavidyalaya, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3219-8 168 Annexure: Gurmat Curriculum of the Sikh Kanya Mahavidyalaya: 1916 … (continued) Bani Kanth (committing to memory):Shabads: Mul (1) Ucchh and aadhar two beantjato swami nahi and (2) Tera kita Maryada (modesty)—To treat Sri Granthrespect Sahib and with bow down, readArdasa, Shabads, be avoid gossip seated during in cross-leggedcongregations, posture accept during consecrated food withaddress folded everybody hands, with to ‘ji’ andhands to utter Fateh with folded Bani Kanth (committing to memory):Sahib Five and stanzas three of Shabads—(1) Japuji TuHe Thakur Govind tum he peh Gopal ardas; he (2) jan dayal pyare lal; and (3) ThirNames ghar of baiso Ten har , five PyarasSahibzadas (disciples) (prince) and the four Sadachar (Virtues)—Practice camaraderie with peersjamatana (apni nal prem varto) Itihas (History)—Dharam Pothi First 1929 Committing to memory—the main hymnShabads: (Mul Memorization Mantra) and of Bani (BaniHow Kanth) to respect, and bow to,quiet Sri and Guru stand Granth with Sahib, claspedreciting to hands, Shabads, keep when to praying sit or by squattingthe in Parshad congregation, (sacramental to food) take withaddress both all hands persons opened, respectfully to andclasped to say Fateh with hands Shabads 2: (1) Uch aparnahin beant Swami; (2) Tera kita jato Committing to memory—First five PaurisSahib (stanzas) and of names Japji of Tenthe Gurus, four five Pyaras Sahibzadas (disciples) (princes) and Shabads—Three (1) Santa de karaj; (2)Gobind Rate he sai; Gopal and (3) He 1916 First class First class senior (Pakki) Annexure: Gurmat Curriculum of the Sikh Kanya Mahavidyalaya: 1916 … 169 (continued) Bani Kanth (committing to memory):Sahib Twenty stanzas and of five Japji Shabads—(1) Ditthelodhiye sabhe kam; thanv; (3) (2) Jagat Kita meinhoye jhoothi dayal dekhi taan preet; sardha (4) puriye; Satguru suniye and Sikh (5) sahi Nanak aakhe reMaryada: mana five kakars, educative fieldand trips Gurus’ to shrines, Dharamsalas observance ofwashings—washing Panj of ishnaan two (five hands, twoentering feet the and ), face be before affectionatehouse towards students boarding and those livingSadachar—Not in to the steal neighbourhood anything, beharmoniously truthful, to learn to live Itihas—Dharam Pothi second Bani Kanth (committing to memory):Hazare Japuji de Sahib Shabad (whole), and Kirtantore , malini; 7 (2) Shabads—(1) Hum paati santandeh ke pyareya; ren; (4) (3) Naavan Jachak challe mange(5) teerthi daan Dadda mann data khote ek tann hai; chor; tum (6) sarnai Jaag aaya leho re mana;Path and (Reading)—Panjgranthi (7) Thakur Itihas—Life sketch of Bibi Nanki ji, Dharam Pothi third 1929 Committing to memory—First twenty-five PaurisSahib, of the Japji Ardasa 6 Shabads: (1) Thir gharnahin baiso; koi; (2) (3) Sabh Ditthe avgun sabhe mainJagat thanv; gun mein (4) jhoothi Kita dekhi lodhiye preet; kam;History—Lives and (5) of (6) Sri Satguru hoye Dev dayal ji and Bibi Nanaki ji Committing to memory—, ShabadTen Hazara Sawayas and Recitation—7 Shabads (1) Paati tore malni;ki (2) ren; Hum (3) santan Kavn gunAkhi pranpat; vekh (4) na Nanak rajiya; aakhe (6) reHe Tum mana; achut thakur (5) he tum parbrahm peh ardas; and reading—Panjgranthi (7) Sikh History—Life of 2, 3Society) and 4th Gurus ( Tract 1916 II lower primary III lower primary class (continued) 170 Annexure: Gurmat Curriculum of the Sikh Kanya Mahavidyalaya: 1916 … (continued) Committing to memory—Raihras and TenRecite—10 Sawaiyye Shabads: (1) Bisar gayiman sab ka tat maan parai; tyago; (2) (3) Sadho andhle Ram ki simar tek; ram (5) simar; Bin (4)tere kartar Mein dehorey na aaya; (7) mano; Dhan (6)Satgur suhela Hasat aayo jit khelat saran darshan tuhari; karna; (9) (8) kehna; Mittar and pyare (10) nu Akhi haal vekh muridaSikh na da History—Life rajiya sketches of firstpractical and lessons second in Gurus, opening Guruat Granth random Sahib and reading Maryada—learn etiquettes related to community(), meals to wake up inSadachar—Serve the parents ambrosial and hour elders, of think morning all about and welfare be of affectionate towardsItihaas peers (History)—Dharam in Pothi the fourth, school lifefirst sketches two of Gurus the Path (Reading): Bai Waran 1929 Committing to memory—Raihras and KirtanRecitation—7 Sohila Shabads (1) Jachak mangetum daan; sharnayi (2) aaya; Thakur (3) Bisarman gayi ka sab maan; tat (5) parayi; Ram (4)ki simar Sadho tek; Ram and simar; (7) (6) Bin MeinGurbani kartar andhle reading—Bai na Waran kirtan mano Sikh History: Life of 5thopening and 7th Sri Gurus, Guru practical Granth lessons Sahib in and reading Him at random 1916 IV upper primary class (continued) Annexure: Gurmat Curriculum of the Sikh Kanya Mahavidyalaya: 1916 … 171 (continued) Bani Kanth (committing to memory):saints Asa (Bani di Bhagatan) Var; of Ten Shabads: (1) Moti ta(3) mandir Pritpal usre; prabh (2) kirpal; Kewal kalai (4)Aavhu kartar; Aval Allah bhaine noor gal milah; upaya; (6) (5) (7) Dilo Aavoh mohabbat sajna jin haun sei dekhan sacheya; maan darshan tyago; tera; (9) (8) Sukh Sadho raje manjeevan hari ka gur chand; tera and (10) DarshanMaryada—To dekh learn to open the holySadachar—Serve congregations, Granth hospitality, be kind and courteous to all Itihas—Dharam Pothi Fifth, life sketchesGurus of third and fourth Bani Kanth (committing to memory):Ten Anand Shabads: Sahib (1) Simrat ved puranJaisa satgur pukaran sunida; pothiyan; (3) (2) Tu visremere ta pran sab adhare; ko (5) lagu; Begampuraparam (4) sehar purakh Prabh ko pag ji nau; tu lago; (6) (7) Prani raati Kurbani uth tina kholondey; Gursikha (8) pichal Satgurusifat Nanak khasam Pargateya; di (9) noor Hove arsona kurishu kirtan jattiye; mano and (10) BinMaryada—Rituals kartar and Shabads at theceremony time (Sukhasan) of of birth; the closing GuruSadachar: Granth Have Sahib good and pureother’s thoughts, things do and not keep accept allItihas—Dharam objects Pothi at Sixth, their life places sketchesGurus of fifth and sixth 1929 To be committed to memory—24 Chhakkas,Sahib, Sukhmani 1,2 Ashtpadies Reading—Sri firstExplanation one-third in Punjabi-Japji Sahib whole History—Janamsakhi first Guru by Bhai DittRecitation—Eight Shabads: ji (1) jana(2) mil Simrit har ved jas puran gayo; pukarankamal pothiyan; ka (3) aasra; Chit (4) charan Jaisako Satgur lagu; sunida; (6) (5) Prabh Tu ji visrenoor tu ta upaya; mere sab and pran (8) adhare; Begumpura (7)Rites—A sehar Aval knowledge Allah ko of nau ceremonies toSikh be child’s performed birth at or a a Sikh’s death Committing to memory—Asa de war Reading—Bani Bhagtan History—Life sketch of 8th, 9thKrishan), and information 10th about Guru the (Guru Four Har Principal Sikh Rahts Takhts and (codes of conduct) Songs (1) Aavhu bhaine gal(3) milah; Kewal (2) kalai Moti kartar; ta (4) mandirPractical Pritpal usre; lesson prabh on kirpal how toShabads—7 close the Guru Granth Sahib 1916 V upper primary class I middle class (continued) 172 Annexure: Gurmat Curriculum of the Sikh Kanya Mahavidyalaya: 1916 … (continued) Bani Kanth (committing to memory):Sukhmani 16 Sahib Ashtpadies, Ten Shabads: (1) Hum melemohe tum kaun ujjal anath karte; vichar; (2) (3) Prabhchangiyan; Bikhe ji (5) ban Prabh feeka; milbe (4) ko Gallipir preet aasi ki man lagi; lagi; (7) (6) Prabh Mithikhudai ju agya bande to tum keh rajas laaj man hamari;hoye bhavai; (8) pragateya; (9) Hum and Ouh maskin (10) Gur Bin Gobind Maryada—Celebration hari of naam Gurpurab; na rituals bachan related peh ceremony to Death Sadachar—Considering all human beings asdistinction one of without caste—love all, thusjoining becoming Gursikhi capable of Itihas: Dharam Pothi seventh; lifeeighth sketches Gurus of seventh and Devotional reading—Guru Granth Sahib tillArth Maru (Meaning)—Kirtan Raag Sohila, Shabad Hazare,Sawaiyye Ten (Dus Savaye) 1929 To be committed to memory—Sukhmani Sahibfourteen first Ashtpadies Reading—Sri Guru Granth Sahib Recitation—Seven Shabads: (1) Hum mailePrabhu tum ji ujjal; mohe (2) kaun anathGalli vichar; assi (3) changiyan; Bikhe (5) ban Prabh feeka;Mithi milbe (4) agya ko pir preet ki man lagi; lagi;Rites—The and (6) Amrita (7) ceremony Dhan su vela jit darsan karna 1916 II middle class (continued) Annexure: Gurmat Curriculum of the Sikh Kanya Mahavidyalaya: 1916 … 173 (continued) Bani Kanth (committing to memory):Ten whole Shabads: Sukhmani (1) Sahib Ab humaasa chali ji thakur meri peh mansa; haar; (3) (2)Man Mere Poori ka man sutak mukh ta hai; HariBhinni (5) Hari rainariye Durlabh bol; chamkan deh (4) taare; pai (7) vadabhagi;tera; Darshan (6) (8) dekh Santan jivan ke gur karajsanyasa; aap and khaloya; (10) (9) Man Re kaha’bisario manInterpretation Ram aiso of Nam kar Maryada—Sikh matrimonial ceremony and conventions (Anand Sanskar) and Amrit Sanskarinitiation (Sikh or ceremony baptism) of Sadachar—Women’s duties as a daughter, sister,mother, wife, among others Itihas—Dharam Pothi Eighth, life sketchesand of tenth eighth, Gurus, ninth martyrdom ofPath Bhai (reading): Mani Shri Singh Guru ji GranthArth Sahib (meaning): ji Asa di War Bani Kanth (committing to memory):Kaur , Rani Jhala Maryada—Sikh code of conduct (Rahitnama) Itihas—Religious books, martyrdom of BhaiSikh Taru Singh, Arth (meaning): Japuji Sahib and Jaap Sahib 1929 To committed to memory— (whole) Shri Guru Granth Sahib (whole) Explanation in Punjabi—Kirtan Sohila, ShabadSawayas Hazare, 10 History—Singhnian de Sidaq, Bhai Taru SinghMartyrdom and of Bhai Mehtab SinghRecitation—7 of Shabads: Mirankot (1) Ab hum(2) chali Poori thakur aasa peh ji haar; meriHari mansa; bol; (3) (4) Mere Man man ka mukhvadbhagi; sutak ta (6) lobh Hari Bhinni hai; rainariye (5) chamkan DurlabhDarshan taare; deh dekh and pai jeeva (7) gur tera Rites—The Anand The General Dharamsala System isclasses. followed Scholars in not these less than 10 years old are admitted Committing to memory—Jap Sahib (whole) Explanation—Asa di war Sikh History in Punjabi—Gur-sikh waree,Singh, Akali Sikhi Phula ki hai, EnglishMusic-General version of Bhai Mahanga 1916 III middle class IV and V high (ninth and tenth) Special classes (continued) 174 Annexure: Gurmat Curriculum of the Sikh Kanya Mahavidyalaya: 1916 … 1929 Balboodh, first Punjabi reader bySundari, Bhai Panjgranthi Bishan Das, To be committed to memory—Japji SahibRecitation: and Shabads the the Ardasa same asclasses for the II lower primary Baiwaran, Bani Bhagtan, Sri GuruTen Granth Gurus Sahib, by Life Sat of BiwharakTo Agency be committed to memory: RahrasShabad Keertan Hazara Sohila, and 10 Sawayas : Birth, Amrita, theSikh Anand History: and Singhnian the de Obsequies sidaq,Singh life ji, sketches Bhai of Mani Bai Singh Taru Recitation—Shabads and same Bibi as Nanki for ji theclasses III and IV primary Making Karah Parshad 1916 Iclass II class (continued) Glossary

Abhimanyu He was a character in the ancient Indian epic Mahabharata. He was son of Arjun and Subhadra. As legend goes, he fought bravely in the Mahabharata war and was successful in decoding the labyrinth (chakravyuha) created by the Kaurvas except for the last stage Adi Granth The sacred scripture of the composed by Dev in 1603–04 ‘An unbroken or continuous reading of the Guru Granth Sahib’: It is done by a relay of readers within approximately 48 hours Amrit The nectar of immortality Amrit chakna The baptismal water is prepared by dissolving sugar (patasas)in water by means of a reciting Japji, Japu Sahib, Ten sawayyas, Benti and abbreviated form of Anandu in the presence of the Guru Granth Sahib. started the practice of taking amrit as a part of baptism Amritdhari A Sikh who has undergone baptism according to the Rahit Maryada. Getting initiated into the Khalsa through ceremony Anakh Self-respect or pride ‘the revered song of joy’ It is composed of 40 stanzas set in Ramkali rag Ardas di mahatta The importance of ardas Ardas Punjabi form of ‘arz-dasht’ ‘a written petition’: a formal recited at the conclusion of most Sikh rituals Ashtpadi A shabad from the Adi Granth comprising eight verses Balmikis A Dalit community that repeatedly faces exclusion and discrimination in the Indian society Benati Chaupai ‘A four-line stanza’: In the , Guru Gobind Singh composed 25 stanzas Bhujangan A young woman who by taking amrit or pahul has undergone amrit sanskar ceremony Bibi Bhani The younger daughter of , wife of and mother of Guru Arjan Bibi Gujari (1621–1704) The wife of Tegh Bahadur and the mother of Gobind Singh © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021 175 T. Bassi, A Study of the Sikh Kanya Mahavidyalaya, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3219-8 176 Glossary

Bibi Jito The first of Guru Gobind Singh’s three wives married in 1677, mother of , and Char sahibzade ‘Offspring of the master’: , Jujhar Singh, Zoravar Singh and Fateh Singh, sons of Guru Gobind Singh Chula chakhna Usually, after the completion of Amrit Sanskar ceremony, the remaining sacred water is administered to the Sikh children in the Gurdwara. Since they are expected to only abide by some precincts of the Rahit Maryada, they are allowed such relaxations A tithe, a portion of one’s income that is donated for community service Fateh ji da Khalsa, waheguru ji di fateh Call for victory of the Khalsa Japuji Sahib, Jaap Sahib, Tav-prasad Savaiyye, Chaupai and Anand Sahib—Sikhs recite these banis early morning. Rehras and Kirtan Sohila are recited in the evening The custodian of a Gurdwara who holds responsibility for the conduct of religious services and also looks after maintenance of the building Gurbani Guru’s works recorded in the Adi Granth and Dasam Granth Gurmat ‘The teachings of the Guru’: connotes the Sikh doctrines stated in the Gurpurab Anniversaries of the significant events associated with the Gurus. These are celebrated on lunar dates of the Indian months Guru Gobind Singh The tenth and last Guru of the Sikhs Guru Granth Sahib ‘The sacred book, that is, the Guru’: After the death of Guru Gobind Singh, the sacred scripture was enshrined as the Guru Gurdwara The Sikh place of worship Harmandar Sahib The Gurdwara that is prime focus of Sikh reverence and devotion. Also called Darbar Sahib or Divine Court (order) The divine order to which each person must submit so as to find liberation ‘Letter of command’: these are issued by the Takhat. They carry authority of the Panth Jaap Sahib A work of 199 verses composed by Guru Gobind Singh in the Dasam Granth Japuji Sahib (repeat ’s name) This composition by Guru Nanak features at the beginning of the Adi Granth, immediately after the Mul Mantra A military detachment that is commanded by a Jatt A rural caste of and Haryana who are quite dominant in the Panth Karah Prasad ‘Sacramental food prepared in a karahi’: It is distributed to everybody in the Gurdwara at the conclusion of ordinary worship or in any special ritual like Akhand path or Amrit sanskar Katha ‘homily’ A discourse on a passage from the Sikh scripture. An anecdote from the Janam-sakhis or from traditional Sikh history Kaum Community Kavishri Poems Kesdhari others (hor) Kesdhari not Amritdhari Sikhs Kesdhari Sikhs ‘One who wears hair (uncut)’ Glossary 177

Keshdhari A Sikh man/woman who observes prohibition against cutting the hair Khalsa The order instituted by Guru Gobind Singh on Baisakhi day probably in 1699. It denotes an individual member of the Khalsa panth Khande di pahul ‘Initiation by the sword’: Initiation into the Khalsa , , vand chako Three main principles of Sikh religion—sing the praise of God, the name of God and share food with all Kirtan The corporate singing of devotional songs from Adi Granth Langar The free kitchen that operates in the dining hall mostly attached to all Massia ‘amavas’ The night of the new moon: an important festival for the Panth Mulmantra The root mantra, the basic credal statement that begins the Adi Granth Nagar ‘Singing in towns’: The Guru Granth Sahib is taken on a procession through a town on a day of religious celebration like Gurpurab Naitik Sikhya Moral education Nimarta Courteous or polite behaviour The daily practice of devotion among Sikhs. The Gurbanis that comprise Nitnem are first—after bathing between 3 and 6 a.m. in the morning—Japji by Guru Nanak, Japu sahib by Guru Gobind Singh, second—Rehras constituting hymns of Guru Nanak, Guru Amardas, Guru Ramdas, Guru Arjan at sunset and finally Kirtan Sohila by Guru Nanak just before going off to sleep Nitnemis Those Sikhs who daily recite Gurbanis as mandated by the Sikh Rahit Maryada Panth The Sikh community ‘The cherished five or five loved ones’: the first five to volunteer at the inauguration of the Khalsa Parbhat pheris Morning processions Parkash karna Installing early each morning the Guru Granth Sahib in the Gurdwara Patit Those who after initiation into the Sikh religion through Amrit Sanskar ceremony tend to violate the Sikh religious precepts Prashad ‘Grace’ or ‘food’: the common Adi Granth concept ‘gurprasad’—‘by the (True) Guru’s grace’ is the central doctrine of Gurmat Puranmashi The day of the full moon, the end of a lunar month. An important festival for the Sikh Panth Rehras ‘Straight path’: the supplicatory prayer of the Sikhs Rahit Maryada The code of belief and discipline that all Amritdhari Sikhs vow to observe during initiation into the Khalsa Rumala ‘Handkerchief’: A square shawl or a cloth, which is used to wrap the Guru Granth Sahib when not being read Sabat Surat Those Sikhs who embody the five Sikh symbols Sadh ‘Company of the pious’ Sahaj path ‘Ordinary reading’: a full reading of the Guru Granth Sahib with gaps between instalments Sakhis An anecdote related to the life of Nanak, a story from a Janamsakhi 178 Glossary

Sangat ‘Congregation’: the assembly of believers where divine name is remembered by the singing of kirtan Sangrand The first day of the month according to Bikrami dating. It is considered very pious by the Panth Sat Sri Akal ‘True is the immortal one’: A common form of greeting among the Sikhs. It is also used as a triumphant shout in Sikh assemblies ‘Bole sau nihal. (blessed is the one who utters…)’ Sawaiye ‘A kind of meter’: a song in this meter; a panegyric ‘service’ This may be rendered to the Guru, either in money or through duties performed or could be directed towards ordinary people. Also suggests service to the community Shabad ‘words’ A recorded in the Adi Granth Shahidi Divas ‘martyrdom day’ The idea of martyrdom is quite significant in Sikh history and tradition Sikh Siddhant ate Parampara Sikh principles and traditions Sikhi The wider Sikh faith Remembering God Sodaru Rahrasi So-Daru (literally means that door). It suggests the entrance to the Lord’s presence. This hymn by Guru Nanak features in the Guru Granth Sahib Sohila or Kirtan Sohila The five hymns sung by devout Sikhs prior to retiring at night Sukh Asan The procedure of closing the Granth Sahib at night followed in the Gurdwaras, wrapped in rumala and taken with respect to a place of rest Sukhmani Sahib ‘The pearl of peace or peace of mind’: a poem by Guru Arjan that is part of the Adi Granth Takhat ‘throne’ The centre of Sikh worldly authority as opposed to spiritual authority of the Gurdwara.FiveTakhats are—Akal Takhat in , Kesgarh Sahib at Anandpur, Harimandir Sahib in , in Nander and Damdama Sahib in Southern Punjab. Ten Savaiyye A portion of Akal Ustati, appointed as part of the early morning order for Nitnem Vak ‘Letter of command or written instruction’ usually drawn by randomly opening the Guru Granth Sahib in the Gurdwara in early morning Vyakhyan ‘Commentary’: a commentary upon a hymn within Gurbani, which is frequently practised in the Sikh Gurdwaras Vartalap Conversation or discussion