DOCSLIB.ORG

Method for Solubilizing, Separating, Removing And

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Method for Solubilizing, Separating, Removing And (19) TZZ Z_T (11) EP 2 585 420 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.: of the grant of the patent: C07B 63/04 (2006.01) 06.04.2016 Bulletin 2016/14 (86) International application number: (21) Application number: 11730572.2 PCT/EP2011/003182 (22) Date of filing: 22.06.2011 (87) International publication number: WO 2011/160857 (29.12.2011 Gazette 2011/52) (54) METHOD FOR SOLUBILIZING, SEPARATING, REMOVING AND REACTING CARBOXYLIC ACIDS IN OILS, FATS, AQUEOUS OR ORGANIC SOLUTIONS BY MEANS OF MICRO- OR NANOEMULSIFICATION VERFAHREN ZUM AUFLÖSEN, TRENNEN, ENTFERNEN UND REAGIEREN VON CARBONSOSÄUREN IN ÖLEN, FETTEN, WÄSSRIGEN ODER ORGANISCHEN LÖSUNGEN MITTELS MIKRO- ODER NANOEMULGIERUNG PROCÉDÉ POUR SOLUBILISER, SÉPARER, ÉLIMINER ET FAIRE RÉAGIR DES ACIDES CARBOXYLIQUES DANS DES HUILES, DES GRAISSES, DES SOLUTIONS AQUEUSES OU ORGANIQUES PAR MICRO- OU NANO-ÉMULSIFICATION (84) Designated Contracting States: (56) References cited: AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB • MURA P ET AL: "TERNARY SYSTEMS OF GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO NAPROXEN WITH PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR HYDROXYPROPYL-BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN AND AMINOACIDS", INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF (30) Priority: 28.06.2010 US 344311 P PHARMACEUTICS, ELSEVIER BV, NL LNKD- 22.06.2010 EP 10075274 DOI:10.1016/S0378-5173(03)00265-5,vol. 260, no. 2, 24 July 2003 (2003-07-24) , pages 293-302, (43) Date of publication of application: XP008062550, ISSN: 0378-5173 01.05.2013 Bulletin 2013/18 • AYAKO HIRAI ET AL: "Effects of l-arginine on aggregates of fatty-acid/potassium soap in the (60) Divisional application: aqueous media", COLLOID AND POLYMER 16155130.4 SCIENCE ; KOLLOID-ZEITSCHRIFT UND ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR POLYMERE, SPRINGER, (73) Proprietor: Dietz, Ulrich BERLIN, DE LNKD- 65193 Wiesbaden (DE) DOI:10.1007/S00396-005-1423-1, vol. 284, no. 5, 1 February 2006 (2006-02-01), pages 520-528, (72) Inventor: Dietz, Ulrich XP019340539, ISSN: 1435-1536 65193 Wiesbaden (DE) • MASAKO KOYAMA: "Effect of Arginine as a Counterionon Surfactant Properties of Fatty Acid (74) Representative: Arth, Hans-Lothar et al Salts",JOURNAL OF DISPERSION SCIENCE AND ABK Patent Attorneys TECHNOLOGY, vol. 26, 2005, pages 785-789, Jasminweg 9 XP008128958, 14052 Berlin (DE) • SELMA TÜRKAY ET AL.: "Deacidification of Sulfur Olive Oil. I. Single-Stage Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Miscella with Ethyl Alcohol", JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS’ SOCIETY, vol. 68, no. 2, 1991, pages 83-86, XP002609424, Note: Within nine months of the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent in the European Patent Bulletin, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to that patent, in accordance with the Implementing Regulations. Notice of opposition shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent Convention). EP 2 585 420 B1 Printed by Jouve, 75001 PARIS (FR) (Cont. next page) EP 2 585 420 B1 • GIOVANNI BUCOLO ET AL.: "Quantitative Remarks: Determination of Serum Triglycerides by the Use Thefile contains technical information submitted after of Enzymes", CLINICAL CHEMISTRY, vol. 19, no. the application was filed and not included in this 5, 1973, pages 476-482, XP002609425, specification 2 EP 2 585 420 B1 Description A. Background of the invention 5 [0001] The present invention is directed to a method for solubilizing and removing carboxylic acids and especially fatty acids from oils, fats, aqueous emulsions, aqueous or organic solutions. It shall be used further for analytic, respectively diagnostic purposes of fatty acid concentrations in corporal fluids of subjects, foods or pharmaceutical preparations. Furthermore, this technique shall be applied for the removal of carboxylic acid residues in industrial solutions, for example as arising in the food and oil industry. 10 [0002] In general, fatty acids are highly lipophilic molecules which are barely soluble in aqueous solutions. Therefore only small concentrations of fatty acids can be solubilized in aqueous solutions while all fatty acid molecules exceeding this concentration are present in form of micelles, form an emulsion by phase separation, or are absorbed to container walls and/or other lipophilic or amphilic molecules such as proteins in the solution. Above the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of esterified and non-esterified carboxylic acids the concentration of free fatty acids in an aqueous medium 15 remains unchanged. [0003] It is known from the state of the art, that liquid-liquid extraction of sulfur olive oil mescella in hexane with aqueous ethanol solutions is possible, according to the disclosure of Selma Türkay et al. (J American Oil Chemist’s Society, 1991, 68, 83-86): "Deacidification of Sulfur Olive Oil_. I. Single-Stage Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Miscella with Ethyl Alcohol". The teaching of Türkay et al. further discloses optimal extraction conditions for recovery of free fatty acids with a minor 20 loss of neutral oil. According to the disclosed conditions the extracted free fatty acid percentage is not affected by increasing the content of free fatty acid and partial glycerides of sulfur olive oil. [0004] Further a method for determining serum triglycerides in which an enzymatic hydrolysis replaces the more commonly used saponification procedures is disclosed by Giovanni Bucolo et al. (Clinical Chemistry, 1973, 19, 476-482) in "Quantitative Determination of Serum Triglycerides by the use of enzymes". According to the disclosed method, the 25 enzymatic hydrolysis can be completed in less than 10 minutes by the combined action of a microial lipase and a proteas. The disclosed assay is simple, rapid, and requires only 50 ml or less of sample. [0005] Fatty acids tend to form emulsions in aqueous media. In presence of proteins or cellular structures fatty acids can be absorbed by them or adsorb to them. Solubilizing of such immobilized fatty acids mainly depends on the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the fatty acid in the surrounding aqueos medium. Emulators and detergents are able to 30 increase the CMC of hydrophobic substances and thus help to detach immob ilized lipophilic molecules. These emulators and detergents may convert emulsions into mini-, micro- or nano-emulsions. Herein the contacting area of the solubilised fatty acids with the aqueous phase is increased. This allows for a better separability and extractability of the solubilised fatty acids. Thus also the reactivity with other molecules is augmented. [0006] Emulsions of esterified and non-esterified fatty acids with an aqueous medium can be completely separated 35 only by means of an organic solvent. Without the help of a membrane this can only be achieved by transferring the fatty acids into an organic phase by mixing with an organic solvent. Extraction is also possible by adsorption to an acceptor. In the presence of adsorber molecules such as proteins the separation of fatty acids in an emulsion or suspension by phase separation or extraction often is incomplete. Furthermore, the capacity of this technique is limited and usually not suited for online (continuous) processing. When filtering such emulsions the aqueous fraction can be filtered almost 40 entirely. However, also hydrophilic molecules, in particular large proteins, are retained and separated along with the organic phase. A molecular separation can be achieved with chromatographic methods. These methods, however, are time-consuming and limited in their capacity. [0007] Another method to separate carboxylic acids from aqueous or organic media is distillation. However, this procedure has a high energy demand and might generate isomerization of the carboxylic acids or denaturate organic 45 components within the medium. A further method is saponification. Added salts are often difficult to remove from the organic as well as from the aqueous solution during further processing. Thus there is a need for a continuous and selective extraction of fatty acids from emulsions of aqueous or organic solutions. The aim of the present invention is to provide a simple, quick and biocompatible separation of fatty acids from aqueous emulsions or organic media. [0008] Surprisingly, it was found that this aim can be achieved by adding a solubilizing compound to the aqueous 50 emulsion or aqueous media such as blood, lipophilic medium or organic medium containing the carboxylic acids or mixtures of carboxylic acids with other organophilic molecules. A solubilizing compound having the characteristics as defined herein is able to solubilize carboxylic acids and convert the emulgated carboxylic acids into micro- or nanoe- mulsions which allow a separation by means of separation methods such as dialysis, filtration and electrophoresis. [0009] Thus the task is solved by the ensuing technical teachings of the independent claims of the present invention. 55 Further advantageous embodiments of the invention result from the dependent claims, the description and the examples. 3 EP 2 585 420 B1 Fatty acids [0010] In general, fatty acids have a carboxylic head group and a long aliphatic chain. Depending on the presence of double bonds they are differentiated into saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. There are differing definitions in literature 5 about fatty acids. One definition states that carboxylic acids with 4 carbon atoms or higher are regarded as fatty acids. Naturally occurring fatty acids, however, have at least 8 carbon atoms. At these carbon atoms at least one nitro group can replace hydrogen atom(s) and turn them into nitro-fatty acids. Also nitro-fatty-acids may carry further substituents, such as listed above. [0011] Examples for linear saturated fatty acids are octanoic acid (caprylic acid), decanoic acid (caprinic acid), do- 10 decanoic acid (lauric acid), tetradecanoic acid (myristic acid), hexadecaoic acid (palmitic acid), heptadecanoic acid (margaric acid), octadecanoic acid (stearic acid),eicosanoic acid (arachidic acid), docosanoic acid (behenic acid) and tetracosanoic acid (lignoceric acid). According to the invention a preferred subgroup of the saturated fatty acids to be separated are myristic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Value Addition of Southern African Monkey Orange (Strychnos Spp.): Composition, Utilization and Quality Ruth Tambudzai Ngadze
    Value addition of Southern African monkey orange ( Value addition of Southern African monkey orange (Strychnos spp.): composition, utilization and quality Strychnos spp.): composition, utilization and quality Ruth Tambudzai Ngadze 2018 Ruth Tambudzai Ngadze Propositions 1. Food nutrition security can be improved by making use of indigenous fruits that are presently wasted, such as monkey orange. (this thesis) 2. Bioaccessibility of micronutrients in maize-based staple foods increases by complementation with Strychnos cocculoides. (this thesis) 3. The conclusion from Baker and Oswald (2010) that social media improve connections, neglects the fact that it concomitantly promotes solitude. (Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 27:7, 873–889) 4. Sustainable agriculture in developed countries can be achieved by mimicking third world small-holder agrarian systems. 5. Like first time parenting, there is no real set of instructions to prepare for the PhD journey. 6. Undertaking a sandwich PhD is like participating in a survival reality show. Propositions belonging to the thesis, entitled: Value addition of Southern African monkey orange (Strychnos spp.): composition, utilization and quality Ruth T. Ngadze Wageningen, October 10, 2018 Value addition of Southern African monkey orange (Strychnos spp.): composition, utilization and quality Ruth Tambudzai Ngadze i Thesis committee Promotor Prof. Dr V. Fogliano Professor of Food Quality and Design Wageningen University & Research Co-promotors Dr A. R. Linnemann Assistant professor, Food Quality and Design Wageningen University & Research Dr R. Verkerk Associate professor, Food Quality and Design Wageningen University & Research Other members Prof. M. Arlorio, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale A. Avogadro, Italy Dr A. Melse-Boonstra, Wageningen University & Research Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Isolation and Functional Characterization of a Cdna Coding A
    Isolation and functional characterization of a cDNA coding a hydroxycinnamoyltransferase involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in Cynara cardunculus L Cinzia Comino, Sergio Lanteri, Ezio Portis, Alberto Acquadro, Annalisa Romani, Alain Hehn, Romain Larbat, Frédéric Bourgaud To cite this version: Cinzia Comino, Sergio Lanteri, Ezio Portis, Alberto Acquadro, Annalisa Romani, et al.. Isolation and functional characterization of a cDNA coding a hydroxycinnamoyltransferase involved in phenyl- propanoid biosynthesis in Cynara cardunculus L. BMC Plant Biology, BioMed Central, 2007, 7 (1), pp.14. 10.1186/1471-2229-7-14. hal-01738035 HAL Id: hal-01738035 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01738035 Submitted on 20 Mar 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License BMC Plant Biology BioMed Central Research article Open Access Isolation and functional characterization of a cDNA coding a hydroxycinnamoyltransferase involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in Cynara cardunculus
    [Show full text]
  • Agriculture and Forestry
    Agriculture & Forestry, Vol. 62 Issue 1: 325-342, 2016, Podgorica 325 DOI: 10.17707/AgricultForest.62.1.35 Ljubica IVANOVIĆ, Ivana MILAŠEVIĆ, Dijana ĐUROVIĆ, Ana TOPALOVIĆ,Mirko KNEŽEVIĆ, Boban MUGOŠA, Miroslav M. VRVIĆ1 APPLICATION OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY TECHNIQUES IN ANTIOXIDANT PRODUCTION SUMMARY Nowadays, antioxidant compounds are receiving increased attention in scholarly literature as well as in research. Antioxidants are a diverse group of compounds that can neutralize free radicals and thus help prevent diseases that are a consequence of oxidative stress. The most common antioxidant compounds are vitamins (A-carotenoids, C and E), thiols molecules (thioredoxins, glutathione), phenolic compounds (phenolic acids and flavonoids), enzymes and metal ions, as well as others. Plants have been shown to be an excellent source of antioxidant compounds, such as carotenoids, polyphenols, vitamins and betalains. Plant biotechnology uses the genetic engineering of agricultural crops as a means of producing foods rich in antioxidant nutrients, whilst plant cells and tissue culture techniques are used for the in vitro increment of antioxidant compounds in plant cells. There are numerous inspiring and promising reports about the possibilities of plant biotechnology that should provoke and encourage more research focused on antioxidant production from plants. The exogenous antioxidant molecules of important to human health (since endogenous antioxidants can be produced by the human cell itself) and the use of genetic engineering and plant cell culture techniques in antioxidant production in commonly used crops are presented in this paper. Keywords: antioxidants, plant biotechnology, genetic engineering, plant tissue culture INTRODUCTION There has been a growing interest in the role of antioxidants in chronic diseases caused by oxidative stress.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment Report on Cynara Scolymus L., Folium
    13 September 2011 EMA/HMPC/150209/2009 Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC) Assessment report on Cynara scolymus L., folium Based on Article 16d(1), Article 16f and Article 16h of Directive 2001/83/EC as amended (traditional use) Final Herbal substance(s) (binomial scientific name of the plant, including plant part) Cynara scolymus L., Cynarae folium Herbal preparation(s) a) Comminuted or powdered dried leaves for herbal tea b) Powdered leaves c) Dry extract (DER 2.5-7.5:1), extraction solvent water d) Dry extract of fresh leaves (DER 15-35:1), extraction solvent water e) Soft extract of fresh leaves (DER 15-30:1), extraction solvent water f) Soft extract (DER 2.5-3.5:1), extraction solvent ethanol 20% (v/v) Pharmaceutical forms Comminuted herbal substance as herbal tea for oral use. Herbal preparations in solid or liquid form for oral use Rapporteur Dr Ioanna B. Chinou Assessor Dr Ioanna B. Chinou 7 Westferry Circus ● Canary Wharf ● London E14 4HB ● United Kingdom Telephone +44 (0)20 7418 8400 Facsimile +44 (0)20 7523 7051 E-mail [email protected] Website www.ema.europa.eu An agency of the European Union © European Medicines Agency, 2012. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Table of contents Table of contents ................................................................................................................... 2 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 3 1.1. Description of the herbal substance(s), herbal preparation(s) or combinations thereof .. 3 1.2. Information about products on the market in the Member States ............................... 5 1.3. Search and assessment methodology ................................................................... 14 2. Historical data on medicinal use ...................................................................................... 14 2.1.
    [Show full text]
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2004/0213881 A1 Chien Et Al
    US 2004O213881A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2004/0213881 A1 Chien et al. (43) Pub. Date: Oct. 28, 2004 (54) TASTE MODIFIERS COMPRISINGA Publication Classification CHLOROGENIC ACID (51) Int. Cl." ....................................................... A23L 1/22 (76) Inventors: Minjien Chien, West Chester, OH (52) U.S. Cl. .............................................................. 426/534 (US); Alex Hausler, Hedingen (CH); Hans Van Leersum, Morrow, OH (US) (57) ABSTRACT Correspondence Address: Norris McLaughlin & Marcus 30th Floor The present invention discloses a method to modify the taste 220 East 42nd Street profile of consumables by adding esters of quinic acid and New York, NY 10017 (US) cinnamic acid derivatives. These esters, which belong to the family of chlorogenic acid, may be Synthetic or may be (21) Appl. No.: 10/480,372 extracted from a natural Source Such as a botanical. Chlo rogenic acid is added to consumables to mask bitter off (22) PCT Filed: Jun. 12, 2002 tastes or other displeasing tastes imparted by one or more natural, Synthetic or Semi-Synthetic components in the con (86) PCT No.: PCT/CH02/00315 Sumable. US 2004/0213881 A1 Oct. 28, 2004 TASTE MODIFIERS COMPRISINGA 0008 Surprisingly, we have now found that unpleasant CHLOROGENIC ACID off-tastes in consumables may be modified or the taste or taste perception may be improved by the inclusion of 0001. The invention relates to consumables, the taste chlorogenic acid in Said consumables. profiles of which may be modified by the addition of chlorogenic acid. 0009. Therefore, the invention provides in a first aspect a consumable comprising an amount of chlorogenic acid 0002 Various consumables, such as food products, bev sufficient to modify off-tastes of said consumables.
    [Show full text]
  • X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis Method Röntgenfluoreszenz-Analyseverfahren Procédé D’Analyse Par Rayons X Fluorescents
    (19) & (11) EP 2 084 519 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.: of the grant of the patent: G01N 23/223 (2006.01) G01T 1/36 (2006.01) 01.08.2012 Bulletin 2012/31 C12Q 1/00 (2006.01) (21) Application number: 07874491.9 (86) International application number: PCT/US2007/021888 (22) Date of filing: 10.10.2007 (87) International publication number: WO 2008/127291 (23.10.2008 Gazette 2008/43) (54) X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS METHOD RÖNTGENFLUORESZENZ-ANALYSEVERFAHREN PROCÉDÉ D’ANALYSE PAR RAYONS X FLUORESCENTS (84) Designated Contracting States: • BURRELL, Anthony, K. AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR Los Alamos, NM 87544 (US) HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR (74) Representative: Albrecht, Thomas Kraus & Weisert (30) Priority: 10.10.2006 US 850594 P Patent- und Rechtsanwälte Thomas-Wimmer-Ring 15 (43) Date of publication of application: 80539 München (DE) 05.08.2009 Bulletin 2009/32 (56) References cited: (60) Divisional application: JP-A- 2001 289 802 US-A1- 2003 027 129 12164870.3 US-A1- 2003 027 129 US-A1- 2004 004 183 US-A1- 2004 017 884 US-A1- 2004 017 884 (73) Proprietors: US-A1- 2004 093 526 US-A1- 2004 235 059 • Los Alamos National Security, LLC US-A1- 2004 235 059 US-A1- 2005 011 818 Los Alamos, NM 87545 (US) US-A1- 2005 011 818 US-B1- 6 329 209 • Caldera Pharmaceuticals, INC. US-B2- 6 719 147 Los Alamos, NM 87544 (US) • GOLDIN E M ET AL: "Quantitation of antibody (72) Inventors: binding to cell surface antigens by X-ray • BIRNBAUM, Eva, R.
    [Show full text]
  • Pharmacognosy 2
    PHARMACOGNOSY 2 Dr. Dima MUHAMMAD Naim Al Hussaini Dima Muhammad 1 -Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy, William C. Evans, Saunders Elsevier, 2009, sixteenth edition., ISBN 978-0 -7020 -2934 9 2- Textbook of pharmacognosy & phytochemistry, Biren Shah & A.K. Seth, Elsevier, 2010, 1st edition, ISBN: 978-81- 312-2298-0 3-Medicinal Natural Products: A Biosynthetic Approach. Paul M Dewick, John Wiley & Sons, 2009,3rd edition, ISBN 978-0-470-74168-9. 4- Pharmacognosy.Phytochemistry, medicinal plants. Bruneton Jean, Lavoisier; 2009 4th edition; ISBN 978- 2743011888. 5- Natural Products Isolation, Satyajit D. Sarker, Zahid Latif, and Alexander I. Gray, Humana Press Inc; New Jersey; 2005; 2nd edition; ISBN 1-59259-955-9. 1 Dr. Dima MUHAMMAD Pharmacognosy 2 INTRODUCTION Natural Products: Present and Future Nature has been a source of therapeutic agents for thousands of years, and an impressive number of modern drugs have been derived from natural sources, many based on their use in traditional medicine. Over the last century, a number of top selling drugs have been developed from natural products (vincristine from Vinca rosea, morphine from Papaver somniferum, Taxol from T. brevifolia, etc.). In recent years, a significant revival of interest in natural products as a potential source for new medicines has been observed among academia as well as pharmaceutical companies. Several modern drugs (~40% of the modern drugs in use) have been developed from natural products. In 2000, approximately 60% of all drugs in clinical trials for the multiplicity of cancers had natural origins. In 2001, eight (simvastatin, pravastatin, amoxycillin, clavulanic acid, azithromycin, ceftriaxone, cyclosporin, and paclitaxel) of the 30 top-selling medicines were natural products or their derivatives, and these eight drugs together totaled US $16 billion in sales.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment Report on Echinacea Purpurea (L.) Moench., Herba Recens
    24 November 2014 EMA/HMPC/557979/2013 Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC) Assessment report on Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench., herba recens Based on Article 10a of Directive 2001/83/EC as amended (well-established use) Based on Article 16d(1), Article 16f and Article 16h of Directive 2001/83/EC as amended (traditional use) Final – revision for systematic review Herbal substance(s) (binomial scientific name of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench., herba recens the plant, including plant part) Herbal preparation(s) Expressed juice from fresh herb (DER 1.5-2.5:1); Dried juice corresponding to the expressed juice above Pharmaceutical forms Herbal preparations in liquid or solid dosage forms for oral use and in liquid or semi-solid dosage forms for cutaneous use Rapporteurs S. Kreft and B. Razinger Peer-reviewer J. Wiesner 30 Churchill Place ● Canary Wharf ● London E14 5EU ● United Kingdom Telephone +44 (0)20 3660 6000 Facsimile +44 (0)20 3660 5555 Send a question via our website www.ema.europa.eu/contact An agency of the European Union © European Medicines Agency, 2015. Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Table of contents Table of contents ................................................................................................................... 2 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 4 1.1. Description of the herbal substance(s), herbal preparation(s) or combinations thereof .. 4 1.2. Search and assessment
    [Show full text]
  • Chlorogenic Acids – Their Properties, Occurrence and Analysis
    10.17951/aa.2017.72.1.61 ANNALES UNIVERSITATIS MARIAE CURIE-SKŁODOWSKA LUBLIN – POLONIA VOL. LXXII, 1 SECTIO AA 2017 Chlorogenic acids – their properties, occurrence and analysis Marta Gil * and Dorota Wianowska Department of Chromatographic Methods, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University pl. Maria Curie-Skłodowska 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland *e-mail: [email protected] Chlorogenic acids (CQAs), the esters of caffeic acid and quinic acid, are biologically important phenolic compounds present in many plant species. Nowadays much is known from their pro- health properties, including anti-cancer activity. Yet, the suppo- sition that they may be helpful in fighting obesity and modify glucose-6-phosphatase involved in glucose metabolism have led to a revival of research on CQAs properties and their natural occur- rence. Much attention is also paid to the proper analysis of CQAs content in plants and plant products due to the fact that the main CQAs representative in nature i.e. 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA) is commonly employed as a quality marker in the control of various natural products. The common procedures used so far for CQAs determination in plants involve conventional long lasting solvent extraction realized at higher temperatures prior to chromatographic analysis. The drawbacks associated to the conventional extraction techniques have led to the search for new alternative extraction processes that additionally could improve extracts quality. The latter is parti- cularly important as regards CQAs applications, and the fact that these compounds easily transform/degrade to others. According to reports, the conventional heating of 5-CQA in the presence of water causes its isomerization and transformation.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant in Vitro Culture for the Production of Antioxidants — a Review Biotechnology Advances
    Biotechnology Advances 26 (2008) 548–560 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biotechnology Advances journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biotechadv Research review paper Plant in vitro culture for the production of antioxidants — A review Adam Matkowski Department Pharmaceutical Biology, Medical University in Wroclaw, Al Jana Kochanowskiego 10, 51-601 Wroclaw, Poland article info abstract Article history: Plant in vitro cultures are able to produce and accumulate many medicinally valuable secondary metabolites. Received 4 April 2008 Antioxidants are an important group of medicinal preventive compounds as well as being food additives inhibiting Received in revised form 1 July 2008 detrimental changes of easily oxidizable nutrients. Many different in vitro approaches have been used for Accepted 10 July 2008 increased biosynthesis and the accumulation of antioxidant compounds in plant cells. In the present review some Available online 16 July 2008 of the most active antioxidants derived from plant tissue cultures are described; they have been divided into the Keywords: main chemical groups of polyphenols and isoprenoids, and several examples also from other chemical classes are fi Antioxidant presented. The strategies used for improving the antioxidants in vitro production ef ciency are also highlighted, In vitro culture including media optimization, biotransformation, elicitation, Agrobacterium transformation and scale-up. Medicinal plants © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Biosynthesis Contents 1. Introduction .............................................................. 548 1.1. What do we call an antioxidant? ................................................. 549 1.2. Why hunt for antioxidants in vitro?................................................ 549 1.3. Methods used for assessment of antioxidant properties ...................................... 549 2. Chemical classes of antioxidant secondary metabolites from in vitro cultures ................................ 550 2.1. Polyphenols ..........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Phytochemical, HPLC Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Crude Methanolic and Aqueous Extracts for Some Medicinal Plant Flowers
    Erian, N. S.; H. B. Hamed, A. Y. El-Khateeb & M. Farid. The Arab Journal of Sciences & Research Publishing, Vol. 2 - Issue (2): 2016, 3, 24 P. 22-32; Article no: AJSRP/ M01316 Phytochemical, HPLC Analysis and Antibacterial Activity of Crude Methanolic and Aqueous Extracts for Some Medicinal Plant Flowers. Erian, N. S.; H. B. Hamed, A. Y. El-Khateeb & M. Farid Department of Agriculture Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Egypt. Abstract Methanolic and aqueous extracts of C. cardunculus, A. millefolium, C. officinalis, and M. chamomilla flowers were Phytochemical, Identification of polyphenols and flavonoids by HPLC, and also investigated for their antibacterial activity, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtillis. The phytochemical was observed that crude methanolic and aqueous extracts of investigated flowers the highest content from activity complex. HPLC analysis identified eighteen polyphenolic compounds as authentic samples namely: Gallic acid, pyrogallol, 4-amino benzoic, protocatechuic, cataehein, chlorogenic, catechol, e.picatechen, caffien, p.oh.benzoic, caffeic, vanillic, ferulic, ellagic, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, coumarin and cinnamic acid. While, flavonoid compounds its eleven compounds as authentic samples namely: narengin, rutin, hisperdin, romarinic, quereitrin, quereetrin, narenginin, kampferol, luteolin, hispertin, and 7-Hydoxyflavon. The methanolic extracts of C. officinalis and M. chamomilla flowers produced the highest growth inhibition (43.88 and 42.11%) for against B. subtillis at 6 mg/ml, While, the aqueous extracts of C. officinalis and M. chamomilla flowers produced the highest growth inhibition (29.99 and 29.22 %) for against Bacillus subtillis at 6 mg/ml. Moreover, the C. officinalis and C. cardunculus flowers extract produced the highest growth inhibition for methanolic and aqueous extracts of against Escherichia coli at 6 mg/ml.
    [Show full text]
  • Isolation and Functional Characterization of a Cdna Coding A
    BMC Plant Biology BioMed Central Research article Open Access Isolation and functional characterization of a cDNA coding a hydroxycinnamoyltransferase involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in Cynara cardunculus L Cinzia Comino1, Sergio Lanteri1, Ezio Portis1, Alberto Acquadro1, Annalisa Romani2, Alain Hehn3, Romain Larbat3 and Frédéric Bourgaud*3 Address: 1Di.Va.P.R.A. Plant Genetics and Breeding, University of Torino 10095, Grugliasco (Turin), Italy, 2Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy and 3UMR 1121 INPL-INRA Agronomie Environnement, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France Email: Cinzia Comino - [email protected]; Sergio Lanteri - [email protected]; Ezio Portis - [email protected]; Alberto Acquadro - [email protected]; Annalisa Romani - [email protected]; Alain Hehn - [email protected]; Romain Larbat - [email protected]; Frédéric Bourgaud* - [email protected] * Corresponding author Published: 20 March 2007 Received: 21 November 2006 Accepted: 20 March 2007 BMC Plant Biology 2007, 7:14 doi:10.1186/1471-2229-7-14 This article is available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2229/7/14 © 2007 Comino et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Background: Cynara cardunculus L. is an edible plant of pharmaceutical interest, in particular with respect to the polyphenolic content of its leaves. It includes three taxa: globe artichoke, cultivated cardoon, and wild cardoon.
    [Show full text]