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The French Communist Party and the Algerian
THE FRENCH COMMUNIST PARTY AND THE ALGERIAN WAR Also by Daniele Joly IMMIGRANT ASSOCIATIONS IN EUROPE (editor with John Rex and Czarina Witpert) RELUCTANT HOSTS: EUROPE AND ITS REFUGEES (editor with Rnbin Cohen) The French COlDlDunist Party and the Algerian War Daniele J oly Senior Research Fellow University of Warwick Palgrave Macmillan ISBN 978-1-349-21289-7 ISBN 978-1-349-21287-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-21287-3 All rights reserved. For information, write: Scholarly and Reference Division, St. Martin's Press, Inc., 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1991 First published in the United States of America in 1991 Phototypeset by Input Typesetting Ltd, London Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Joly, Daniele The French Communist Party and the Algerian War/Daniele Joly. p. em. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-0-312-04211-0 I. Algeria-History-Revolution, 1954--1962-Public opinion. 2. Parti communiste fran<;;ais. 3. Communists-France-Attitudes. 4. Public opinion-France. I. Title. DT295.J63 1991 90-34612 965' .04-dc20 CIP Contents Glossary vi Preface IX Acknowledgements xiv Introduction xv Algeria under French Colonisation 1 2 The PCF and the Colonial Question: A Historical Perspective 20 3 The PCF, the International Situation and the Algerian War 42 4 The French Nation 55 5 The PCF and the Algerian Nation 68 6 France's Military Involvement in Algeria: The PCF and the Oppositionnels 100 7 Synthesis on the Opposition 130 Conclusion Notes and References 149 Bibliography 165 Index 176 v Glossary VOCABULARY Appeles The French army is composed of conscripts and professionals. -
Cloud Fonts in Microsoft Office
APRIL 2019 Guide to Cloud Fonts in Microsoft® Office 365® Cloud fonts are available to Office 365 subscribers on all platforms and devices. Documents that use cloud fonts will render correctly in Office 2019. Embed cloud fonts for use with older versions of Office. Reference article from Microsoft: Cloud fonts in Office DESIGN TO PRESENT Terberg Design, LLC Index MICROSOFT OFFICE CLOUD FONTS A B C D E Legend: Good choice for theme body fonts F G H I J Okay choice for theme body fonts Includes serif typefaces, K L M N O non-lining figures, and those missing italic and/or bold styles P R S T U Present with most older versions of Office, embedding not required V W Symbol fonts Language-specific fonts MICROSOFT OFFICE CLOUD FONTS Abadi NEW ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 01234567890 Abadi Extra Light ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 01234567890 Note: No italic or bold styles provided. Agency FB MICROSOFT OFFICE CLOUD FONTS ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 01234567890 Agency FB Bold ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 01234567890 Note: No italic style provided Algerian MICROSOFT OFFICE CLOUD FONTS ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 01234567890 Note: Uppercase only. No other styles provided. Arial MICROSOFT OFFICE CLOUD FONTS ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 01234567890 Arial Italic ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 01234567890 Arial Bold ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz 01234567890 Arial Bold Italic ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ -
Navigating the Emv Implementation Process
PARTNERING FOR SUCCESS: NAVIGATING THE EMV IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS A Mercator Advisory Group Research Brief Sponsored by Moneris Solutions November 2014 Partnering for Success: Navigating the EMV ImplementationProcess A Mercator Advisory Group Research Brief Sponsored by Moneris Solutions Contents The EMV Standard .............................................................................................................................3 Reducing Counterfeit Card Fraud .......................................................................................................... 3 Reducing Card Theft Fraud .................................................................................................................... 3 Chip and PIN vs. Chip and Signature ...................................................................................................... 3 Card Network EMV Road Maps ............................................................................................................. 4 Outlook: EMV Adoption in the United States ......................................................................................5 Credit Card Issuance .............................................................................................................................. 5 Debit Card Issuance ............................................................................................................................... 6 Acceptance ........................................................................................................................................... -
How to Collect Coins a Fun, Useful, and Educational Guide to the Hobby
$4.95 Valuable Tips & Information! LITTLETON’S HOW TO CCOLLECTOLLECT CCOINSOINS ✓ Find the answers to the top 8 questions about coins! ✓ Are there any U.S. coin types you’ve never heard of? ✓ Learn about grading coins! ✓ Expand your coin collecting knowledge! ✓ Keep your coins in the best condition! ✓ Learn all about the different U.S. Mints and mint marks! WELCOME… Dear Collector, Coins reflect the culture and the times in which they were produced, and U.S. coins tell the story of America in a way that no other artifact can. Why? Because they have been used since the nation’s beginnings. Pathfinders and trendsetters – Benjamin Franklin, Robert E. Lee, Teddy Roosevelt, Marilyn Monroe – you, your parents and grandparents have all used coins. When you hold one in your hand, you’re holding a tangible link to the past. David M. Sundman, You can travel back to colonial America LCC President with a large cent, the Civil War with a two-cent piece, or to the beginning of America’s involvement in WWI with a Mercury dime. Every U.S. coin is an enduring legacy from our nation’s past! Have a plan for your collection When many collectors begin, they may want to collect everything, because all different coin types fascinate them. But, after gaining more knowledge and experience, they usually find that it’s good to have a plan and a focus for what they want to collect. Although there are various ways (pages 8 & 9 list a few), building a complete date and mint mark collection (such as Lincoln cents) is considered by many to be the ultimate achievement. -
To Consult DPQ/Moneris Preferred Pricing
Preferred Rates For Your Business Les Dentistes propriétaires du Québec (DPQ) and Moneris® are pleased to introduce preferred card payment processing rates for your business.† Moneris Transaction 1 Interac Per Transaction Rate Card Type * Assessment Fee Interchange Fee Fee Debit Card $0.040 VISA 0.10% 0.09% Foreign Assessment Fee (VISA) of 0.40% will apply to all gross foreign sales dollar volume processed. Card Brand Fee (Interac) of $0.0085 will apply to each Interac transaction. An Interac fee of $0.035 Mastercard 0.10% 0.08% per transaction will apply to each Interac Flash® (contactless) transaction. Foreign Assessment Fee (Mastercard) of 0.60% will apply to all gross foreign sales dollar volume processed. For more information about the applicable Discover 0.10% 0.063% Interchange rates, Foreign Assessment Fee (Discover) of 0.40% will apply to all gross foreign sales dollar volume processed. please visit moneris.com/interchange POS Solution(s) Rates Union Pay 0.10% 0.1% Standalone $22.00/month Foreign Assessment Fee (UnionPay) of 0.10% will apply to all gross foreign sales dollar volume processed. PIN Pad $16.00/month Visa Debit 0.10% Short Range Wireless $45.00/month Debit MasterCard 0.10% $50.00/month * You agree that you are responsible for the fulfillment of any increase imposed by the Long Range Wireless (plus $75.00 one time activation fee) Card Brand and any fees, fines, penalties, or assessments levied by the Card Brands on us or our parent banks, RBC and BMO, in connection with the processing of your transactions. -
The Example of the Algerian War
L2 Journal, Volume 4 (2012), pp. 83-101 Teaching Difficult Topics: The Example of the Algerian War ELIZABETH KNUTSON United States Naval Academy E-mail: [email protected] While history as critical discourse differs importantly from the more subjective narratives of collective memory, even historians vary in their accounts and analyses of past events. This article argues for the need to include a spectrum of voices and text types when teaching history in the context of foreign language study, taking the example of “official stories,” collective memories, and historical accounts of the Algerian War of 1954-62. In addition to presenting varied views and text genres, the argument is made for the importance of teaching the controversies that arise around difficult topics, even many years after the fact. Teaching different sides of a difficult story and its unresolved conflicts is a form of realism that respects students’ intelligence and fosters their self-awareness as cultural subjects. Examples of a multiple perspectives approach are drawn from two textbooks published in France, with additional suggestions for classroom materials and activities at various instructional levels. _______________ INTRODUCTION In the words of Fréderic Abécassis, co-author of Pour une histoire franco-algérienne, “l’histoire est polyphonique” [history is polyphonic] (cited by Nuyten 2010, p. 57). While history as critical, reflective discourse differs importantly from the more subjective narratives of collective memory, which reflect the perspective of a particular group (Wertsch, p. 127), even historians themselves vary in their accounts and analyses of past events. This paper argues for the need to include a spectrum of voices and text types when teaching difficult historical topics in the context of foreign language study. -
TEX Support for the Fontsite 500 Cd 30 May 2003 · Version 1.1
TEX support for the FontSite 500 cd 30 May 2003 · Version 1.1 Christopher League Here is how much of TeX’s memory you used: 3474 strings out of 12477 34936 string characters out of 89681 55201 words of memory out of 263001 3098 multiletter control sequences out of 10000+0 1137577 words of font info for 1647 fonts, out of 2000000 for 2000 Copyright © 2002 Christopher League [email protected] Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies. The FontSite and The FontSite 500 cd are trademarks of Title Wave Studios, 3841 Fourth Avenue, Suite 126, San Diego, ca 92103. i Table of Contents 1 Copying ........................................ 1 2 Announcing .................................... 2 User-visible changes ..................................... 3 3 Installing....................................... 5 3.1 Find a suitable texmf tree............................. 5 3.2 Copy files into the tree .............................. 5 3.3 Tell drivers how to use the fonts ...................... 6 3.4 Test your installation ................................ 7 3.5 Other applications .................................. 8 3.6 Notes for Windows users ............................ 9 3.7 Notes for Mac users................................. 9 4 Using ......................................... 10 4.1 With TeX ........................................ 10 4.2 Accessing expert sets ............................... 11 4.3 Using CombiNumerals ............................ -
The French Revolution in the French-Algerian War (1954-1962): Historical Analogy and the Limits of French Historical Reason
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 9-2016 The French Revolution in the French-Algerian War (1954-1962): Historical Analogy and the Limits of French Historical Reason Timothy Scott Johnson The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/1424 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] THE FRENCH REVOLUTION IN THE FRENCH-ALGERIAN WAR (1954-1962): HISTORICAL ANALOGY AND THE LIMITS OF FRENCH HISTORICAL REASON By Timothy Scott Johnson A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2016 © 2016 TIMOTHY SCOTT JOHNSON All Rights Reserved ii The French Revolution in the French-Algerian War (1954-1962): Historical Analogy and the Limits of French Historical Reason by Timothy Scott Johnson This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in History in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Richard Wolin, Distinguished Professor of History, The Graduate Center, CUNY _______________________ _______________________________________________ Date Chair of Examining Committee _______________________ -
2008 Annual Report to Shareholders
191ST ANNUAL REPORT 2008 Defining great customer experience I value a clear plan for the retirement I want. I appreciate a bank that can help my company in good times and bad. Who will explain all my mortgage options so that I actually understand? Thanks for giving me the advice that makes sense for me. Defining great customer experience begins with making sense of it all. BMO’s vision – to be the bank that defines great customer experience – galvanizes our organization and encourages every one of our 37,000 employees to help us succeed. In everything we do, we define great customer experience. We do so by helping our customers make sense of their financial lives, and by bringing clarity to the complexities of money. BMO gratefully acknowledges our customers who so generously gave their time and portraits to this annual report. Adolphe A. Tinling Linda Knight Scott Saxberg Maria Monreal-Cameron President and Principal Designer CEO, President and CEO, President and CEO, Adolphe Anthony T. Design CarePartners Crescent Point Energy Trust Hispanic Chamber of Commerce International and Associates Waterloo, Ontario Calgary, Alberta of Wisconsin Montreal, Quebec Milwaukee, Wisconsin Who We Are A Canadian-based North American bank, established in 1817, BMO® Financial Group is highly diversified. We work with millions of personal, commercial, corporate and institutional customers through our operating groups: Personal and Commercial Banking Canada, Personal and Commercial Banking U.S., Private Client Group and BMO Capital Markets. Our 37,000 employees are dedicated to making BMO the bank that defines great customer experience. Our approach is relationship-driven. -
Coin Collecting
Coin Collecting Requirements: Read the Coin Collecting Merit Badge Pamphlet available at: • https://www.scoutshop.org/coin-collecting-merit-badge-pamphlet-655142.html • Coin Collecting Merit Badge Pamphlet Kindle Edition from Amazon.com The use of a workbook like the one found at http://usscouts.org/mb/worksheets/list.asp will be a helpful tool to assist the Scout in organizing their thoughts. Completion of a workbook does not guarantee that a Scout will have a merit badge signed off by the counselor. Scouts must still actively participate in classroom discussions. 1. Understand how coins are made and where the active U.S. Mint facilities are located. It is strongly recommended that Scouts bring any notes or supporting documents they may have to help show the counselor that they have prepared for discussion of this requirement. Only Scouts who have done the preparation work and actively participate in the class discussion will be considered for sign off on this part of the requirement. Resource: https://www.usmint.gov/learn/kids/collecting/coin-scout-badges 2. Explain these collecting terms: (a) Obverse, (b) Reverse, (c) Reeding, (d) Clad, (e) Type set, (f) Date set Scouts should review this requirement and its terms and be prepared to explain. It is strongly recommended that Scouts bring any notes or supporting documents they may have to help show the counselor that they have prepared for explanation of these items. These terms will be discussed in the class. 3. Explain the grading terms Uncirculated, Extremely Fine, Very Fine, Fine, Very Good, Good, and Poor. Show five different grade examples of the same coin type. -
What Is Simplified Pricing?
What is Simplified Pricing? Simplified pricing makes it easier to understand the costs associated with processing credit and debit card payments by clearly outlining the components that make up your processing fees. Processing fees on simplified pricing consist of: Interchange/Wholesale Discount, Network Assessment and Moneris® Transaction Fees. What is Interchange? What is a Network Assessment Fee? Interchange is the amount that card processors, like Moneris, are A Network Assessment Fee is the amount that card processors, like required to pay credit card issuers and/or financial institutions for Moneris, are required to pay the card brands for each credit or debit each credit or debit card transaction processed by its merchants. card transaction processed by its merchants. Network Assessment Interchange rates are set and regulated by the card brands (i.e. fees are set and regulated by the card brands and can vary by: ® ® ® Visa , Mastercard , Discover , UnionPay, etc.), and can vary by: • Region where card was issued (domestic/foreign) • Card type (basic, premium, corporate, etc.) • Settlement currency (CAD, US) • Transaction type (chip, swipe, ecommerce, etc.) With simplified pricing, the Network Assessment Fee, as set by the • Business type/Merchant Category Code (MCC) card brands, is passed through to the merchant. With simplified pricing, the interchange amount, as set by the card brands, is passed through by Moneris to the merchant. As a result, merchants will benefit from increased visibility and exposure to interchange rate updates periodically announced by the card brands, including reductions or special programs. What is the Transaction Fee? The Transaction Fee is the fee paid to Moneris for the credit and debit card transaction processing, clearing, settlement, reporting and customer service it provides your business. -
For Apple® Ipad®, Iphone® and Ipod Touch®
For Apple® iPad®, iPhone® and iPod touch® (11/17) For more information and assistance: Web: getpayd.com/paydpro/support Email: [email protected] Toll-free: 1-855-423-PAYD (7293) Record your Moneris® merchant ID here: __________________________________________ Contents Introduction ................................................................................................ 6 Before you get started .............................................................................. 7 Activating your PAYD Pro store .............................................................. 8 Setting up the PAYD App on your mobile device .............................. 9 Downloading and installing the PAYD App from the App Store SM 10 Setting up the PAYD PIN Pad ................................................................. 11 Pairing a new PAYD PIN Pad with your mobile device 12 Pairing an initialized PAYD PIN Pad with a different mobile device 19 Pairing a replacement PAYD PIN Pad with your mobile device 22 Other PAYD PIN Pad settings 24 Changing an initialized PAYD PIN Pad's default language 24 Bluetooth pairing in Legacy mode 26 Ready to use the PAYD App? 30 Optional features ..................................................................................... 31 Setting the transaction details level 31 Setting a default payment device 32 1 Enabling Pre-Authorizations 32 Enabling tip prompting 33 Setting a tax rate 34 Location-mapping transactions 35 Viewing a location map 35 Setting a quick PIN for sign-in 36 Pre-filling the employee ID/store ID at