LAYERED INTRUSION-HOSTED VANADIUM Trap - Chemical/ Source Active Pathway Trap - Chemical Scrubber Preservation physical scrubber

Transporting large volumes of Long-lived fractionation to produce Fe-oxide Formation of oxidised seams within Exhumation and preservation of vanadium Voluminous mantle melting mantle-derived magma through the saturation a layered mafic-ultramafic intrusion orebodies

crust

Critical Critical Process

: ?

Processes within the magma Mantle plumes to transport large Intracontinental rift zones where Pooling of mantle Stable Preservation High-degree mantle melting to produce Delayed onset of Fe- chamber? Density settling, magma Weathering of volumes of mantle-derived magma extensional forces produced passive derived magma in plateaus of the upper voluminous mafic-ultramafic magmas oxide saturation mixing, pressure changes, liquid magnetite layers through the crust melting of the mantle the crust with slow parts of immiscibility rates of layered

erosion intrusions

Constituent ProcessConstituent What are the processes that that processes are the What process critical the control

Archean granite Archean granite Domal uplift Sedimentary basins Volcanic rifted Plateaus Large Igneous Large Igneous Triple junctions Kimberlites and Rocks coeval with Layered mafic- Magnetitite-ilmenite chromatite greenstone greenstone formed by caused by margins that may and areas Tilted Vanadomaghemite Provinces (LIPs) - Provinces (LIPs) - where mantle carbonatites that or indicators of ultramafic Dykes and sills Tholeiitic magmas layers within a layered mafic- terranes with terranes with underplating of subsidence after occur as a result of with domains and hematite Flood basalts, Flood basalts, plumes that reach can mark where rifting. intrusions ultramafic intrusion associated felsic komatiite-tholeiite associated felsic komatiite-tholeiite mantle plumes the surface produce doming mantle plumes mantle plumes are abundant rocks, dyke swarms, associations – rocks, dyke swarms, associations – rifting underplating relict

: sills, layered mafic- interpreted to be sills, layered mafic- interpreted to be regolith ultramafic intrsions the Archean ultramafic intrsions the Archean

equivalent of LIPs equivalent of LIPs

?

Targeting How can we target each constituent constituent each target we can How process

Proterozoic and Proterozoic and Magnetite-ilmenite Stable Archean rock age Archean rock age Sedimentary Structure Structure Kimberlite Kimberlite Layered mafic- Dyke and sill map Tholeiitic basalt Dip map Regolith map Phanerozoic rock Phanerozoic rock Sedimentary basins Rhyolite map (m) layer map plateau map map thickness map complexity map complexity map occurrence map Structure occurrence map ultramafic intrusion (m+dhd+g+WAROX+ map (WAROX+m+g) (m) age map age map map (m) (m+dhd+g+c+s+WA layer (m) (m+chron+ENS) (m+chron+ENS) (m+dhd+g) (m+g) (m+g) (m+c) complexity map (m) (m+c) map WAMEX) (m+c+WACHEM) (m+chron+ENS) (m+chron+ENS) (m+dhd+g+c+s+WA ROX+WAMEX ROX+WAMEX) Volcanic time slice Volcanic time slice Dacite map (m) Komatiite map Komatiite Carbonatite Hornblende gabbro Detrital ilmenite map Conglomerate map Palaeocratonic Palaeocratonic Alkaline rock age occurrence map (m+dhd+g+c+s+WA occurrence map occurrence map Magnetic structure map chemistry map (m+dhd+g+c+s+WA (m+dhd+WAROX) boundary map (i) boundary map (i) map (m+chron) ROX+WAMEX+chro (m+ENS) ROX+WAMEX+chro (m+ENS) (m+c) complexity map (g) (m+c+WACHEM) (Dia) n) n) Felsic volcanic rock age map (m+chron) Coeval (sulphidic) Magnetitite- Tholeiitic basalt Dyke and sill map Tholeiitic basalt VMS age and sediments Dyke and sill map (m+dhd+g+WAROX+ Ferrodiorite map chromatite layer occurrence map occurrence map occurrence map Gravity structure occurrence map (m+dhd+g+WAROX+ WAMEX) map (m+c+WAROX) (m+c+WAROX) (m+chron) Alkaline rock (m+chron) (m+c+WACHEM) WAMEX) complexity map (g) (m+dhd+g+C+WARO occurrence map X+WAMEX)

? Layered mafic- (m+c) BIF age and Layered mafic- ultramafic intrusion Alkaline rock age occurrence map Vanadium ultramafic intrusion map map (m+chron) Palaeocratonic (m+chron) Fe-rich rhyolite map concentration in map (m+dhd+g+c+s+WA Carbonatite boundary map (i) (m+c+WACHEM) layered mafic- (m+dhd+g+c+s+WA ROX+WAMEX) occurrence map ultramafic intrusion ROX+WAMEX) (m+c) VMS age and (c) BIF age and occurrence map occurrence map Felsic volcanic rock (m+chron)

: (m+chron) occurrence map (m) Syenite occurrence map (m+c) Data Sources m = mapping c = geochemistry g = geophysical interpretation chron = geochronology Quartz andesite Pyroxenite i = isotopic ratios (e.g. Nd-Sm) dhd = drillhole database map (m) occurrence map s = reflectance spectroscopy hydro = hydrochemistry data (m+c) WAMEX= WAMEX database/reports reg = regolith map WAROX = WAROX database soil = soil map

Dia = Diamond exploration data

Mappable Proxies Mappable Which layers are needed and how are they created they how are and needed are layers Which

Blue text = geological proxy layer available in the Atlas [hyperlinked] Recommended reference = Geological Survey of Western Australia 2019, Mineral Systems Atlas: Vanadiferous Titanomagnetite system, Department of Mines, Industry Regulations and Safety, accessed date,