DOCSLIB.ORG

Phd Afhandling 2017 Crone-Final Version

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Phd Afhandling 2017 Crone-Final Version Producing The New Regressive Left The Case of the Pan-Arab News TV station al-Mayadeen Crone, Christine Publication date: 2017 Document version Other version Document license: CC BY-NC-ND Citation for published version (APA): Crone, C. (2017). Producing The New Regressive Left: The Case of the Pan-Arab News TV station al- Mayadeen. Det Humanistiske Fakultet, Københavns Universitet. Download date: 06. okt.. 2021 PRODUCING THE NEW REGRESSIVE LEFT: THE CASE OF THE PAN-ARAB NEWS TV STATION AL-MAYADEEN Contents Acknowledgments ................................................................................................................................. 4 Abstract ................................................................................................................................................. 6 Dansk resume ........................................................................................................................................ 7 Transliteration and quotations ............................................................................................................... 8 PART I Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 9 My point of departure ................................................................................................................................. 13 My approach (methodology, research design and empirical material) ...................................................... 14 The field and challenge of access ................................................................................................................ 17 Thesis outline ............................................................................................................................................... 20 Ideology, Media and Cultural Production – a theoretical framework ..................................................... 23 New approaches .......................................................................................................................................... 24 The study of ideology in a Middle Eastern context ..................................................................................... 26 The study of mediated ideology – ideology in mass media ........................................................................ 30 Producing ideology through practices and performances – methodological considerations ..................... 32 Nostalgia ...................................................................................................................................................... 35 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................... 37 Exploring Arab Ideoscapes .................................................................................................................... 39 The formative years ..................................................................................................................................... 41 The Baʻath Party .......................................................................................................................................... 44 SSNP ............................................................................................................................................................. 46 1 Hizbollah – the Islamism of the Left ............................................................................................................ 48 Iran and the export of authoritarianism ...................................................................................................... 50 Internal disagreements and core ideological concepts in the post-2011 Arab ideoscapes ........................ 52 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................... 57 Exploring Arab Mediascapes ................................................................................................................. 59 The al-Jazeera era ........................................................................................................................................ 59 Religious broadcasting in a secular space? ................................................................................................. 62 Arab mediascape post-2011 ........................................................................................................................ 64 Introducing al-Mayadeen ............................................................................................................................ 67 Financial and political connections .......................................................................................................... 69 The people of al-Mayadeen – staff members and guests ....................................................................... 72 The audience – who, where and how many? .......................................................................................... 74 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................... 76 PART I The Creation of an Icon: the Case of Jamila Bouhired ............................................................................ 78 The concept of the secular icon .................................................................................................................. 79 The framing of the icon ............................................................................................................................... 81 The worshipping of Bouhired ...................................................................................................................... 83 Celebrating the female fighter .................................................................................................................... 86 Celebrating the golden age ......................................................................................................................... 88 Why Jamila Bouhired? Connecting the past to the present ........................................................................ 91 Changing readings of an icon - ethical dilemmas and moral discrepancies ................................................ 92 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................... 97 Celebrating the Muqawama through Words, Images, and Songs: the Case of Palestine .......................... 99 From hero to victim – and back again ....................................................................................................... 100 Culture as muqawama .............................................................................................................................. 103 The promotion of militant muqawama through art ................................................................................. 107 Ṣumud – you have to be a victim, in order to resist .................................................................................. 110 The bigger picture ...................................................................................................................................... 115 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................. 117 Re-launching Iltizam through Leftist Cultural Figures: the Case of the Cultural Talk Show Bayt al-Qasid 119 Bayt al-Qasid – a cultural show ................................................................................................................. 121 2 The notion of iltizam – an historical overview .......................................................................................... 123 The use of iltizam in Bayt al-Qasid – or iltizam the Wehbe way ............................................................... 125 Patriotism – the space for emotions and personal sorrows ..................................................................... 128 The progressive ideals – do they leave space for revolutions? Personal dilemmas and ideological ambivalences ............................................................................................................................................. 132 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................. 136 Walking a Tightrope: the Role of Religion ........................................................................................... 138 Religious broadcasting at al-Mayadeen – the shows and the hosts ......................................................... 139 Harrir Aqlak and the legacy of al-Nahda ................................................................................................... 143 Religious pluralism versus sectarianism – and the case of Ajras al-Mashreq ........................................... 147 Two sides of the same coin – and the problem of Saudi Arabia ............................................................... 150 Change or stability ..................................................................................................................................... 153 Conclusion
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Dark Triad Traits Predict Authoritarian Political Correctness and Alt-Right Attitudes
    Heliyon 6 (2020) e04453 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Heliyon journal homepage: www.cell.com/heliyon Research article The Dark Triad traits predict authoritarian political correctness and alt-right attitudes Jordan Moss a,*, Peter J. O'Connor b a School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia b School of Management, QUT Business School, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: It is well established that mainstream personality traits are associated with moderate, traditional political atti- Psychology tudes. However, very little is known regarding trait predictors of extreme political attitudes. In the current study Applied psychology (N ¼ 511 U.S. residents), we examined the relationships between the Dark Triad traits, Entitlement and three Individual differences extreme political attitudes that are highly covered in mainstream media: White Identitarianism (‘Alt-Right’), Personality assessment Political Correctness-Authoritarianism, and Political Correctness-Liberalism. We found that Dark Triad traits and Political behavior Political correctness Entitlement had incremental validity in the prediction of these 3 attitudes over demographic factors. The Dark Dark triad Triad traits and Entitlement explained a substantial portion of variance in White Identitarianism and Political Alt right Correctness-Authoritarianism, and only a small portion of variance in Political Correctness-Liberalism. Across all Extremism attitudes, Psychopathy
    [Show full text]
  • Mechanic Inspection Centers Favoring the Operator Or the State?
    issue number 130 |May 2013 NEW TRAFFIC LAW LEBANESE HIGH RELIEF COMMIttEE “THE MONTHLy” iNTERVIEWS YOUMNA MEDLEJ www.iimonthly.com • Published by Information International sal MECHANIC INSPECTION CENTERS FAVORING THE OPERATOR OR THE STATE? Lebanon 5,000LL | Saudi Arabia 15SR | UAE 15DHR | Jordan 2JD| Syria 75SYP | Iraq 3,500IQD | Kuwait 1.5KD | Qatar 15QR | Bahrain 2BD | Oman 2OR | Yemen 15YRI | Egypt 10EP | Europe 5Euros May INDEX 2013 4 MECHANIC INSPECTION CENTERS 7 NEW TRAFFIC LAW 11 Lebanon’s MunicipALITIES AND THEIR REVENUES 14 BETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SCHOOLING 17 LEBANESE HIGH RELIEF COMMITTEE 18 THE 1968 LEBANESE PARLIAMENTARY P: 25 P: 41 ELECTIONS - SOUTH ELECTIONS 20 PRECEDENTS IN TERM-EXTENSION OF PARLIAMENT 21 RASHID KARAMI INTERNATIONAL FAIR 22 P ERNICIOUS ANEMIA: DR. HANNA SAADAH 23 THE MEANING OF REGENERATION IN KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY: ANTOINE BOUTROS 24 BETWEEN TODAy’s ARAB REVOLUTIONS AND THE AWAKENING OF THE 19TH CENTURY: SAID CHAAYA 25 INTERVIEW: YOUMNA MEDLEJ P: 28 27 FAREWELL MY COUNTRY 28 KUNHADI 30 POPULAR CULTURE 43 THIS MONTH IN HISTORY- ARAB WORLD 31 DEBUNKING MYTH#69: BEIRUT A HISTORICAL THE FIRST ARAB-ISRAELI WAR- MAY 1948 TRADE ROUTE LINKING EAST TO WEST? 44 THE SYRIAN CRISIS BEYOND BORDERS 32 mUST-READ BOOKS: THE ARABS IN THE TWENTY FIRST CENTURY 45 ARTISTIC PRODUCTION IN IRAQ 33 mUST-READ CHILdren’s bOOK: THE MOON - 46 OPERATION RED CARPET AND THE DREAMS “SALVAtion” oF ARAB JEWS 34 LEBANON FAMILIES: FAMILIES DENOTING 47 REAL ESTATE PRICES IN LEBANON - LEBANESE TOWNS (2) MARCH 2013 35 DISCOVER LEBANON: KASHLAK 48 FOOD PRICES - MARCH 2013 36 EXTENSION OF PARLIAMent’s TERM 50 DID YOU KNOW THAT?: IMPULSE SHOPPING 37 mARCH 2013 HIGHLIGHTS 50 BEIRUT RAFIC HARIRI INTERNATIONAL 41 THIS MONTH IN HISTORY- LEBANON AIRPORT - MARCH 2013 47 YEARS SINCE THE ASSASSINATION OF JOURNALIST KAMEL MROUEH 51 lEBANON STATS |EDITORIAL ENOUGH! The March 8 Forces have for a long time held their March 14 rivals accountable for the deplorable state of the country’s economy, education, medical services and infrastructure.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Syrian Crisis on Lebanon Foreign Policy
    T.R. ULUDAĞ UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES COURSE OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS POST-ARAB SPRING IN MIDDLE EAST REGION: THE EFFECT OF SYRIAN CRISIS ON LEBANON FOREIGN POLICY (MASTER DEGREE THESIS) Maria Helena MOTA ESTEVES Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Tayyar ARI BURSA 2018 T.R. ULUDAĞ UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCES COURSE OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS POST-ARAB SPRING IN MIDDLE EAST REGION: THE EFFECT OF SYRIAN CRISIS ON LEBANON FOREIGN POLICY (MASTER DEGREE THESIS) Maria Helena MOTA ESTEVES Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Tayyar ARI BURSA-2018 ABSTRACT Name and Surname : Maria Helena Mota Esteves University : Uludağ University Institution : Institute of Social Sciences Field : International Relations Branch : International Relations Degree Awarded : Master Thesis Page Number : xviii+152 Degree Date : …. /…. /2018 Supervisor : Prof. Dr. Tayyar ARI POST-ARAB SPRING IN MIDDLE EAST REGION: THE EFFECT OF SYRIAN CRISIS ON LEBANON FOREIGN POLICY This study focuses on the Lebanon position in the aftermath of Syrian conflict, including the main aspects of Lebanese Foreign Policy. It includes regional and foreign interference in Lebanese affairs that intentionally led to the instable situation in the country. Briefly includes Domestic/foreign factors longstanding by geopolitical aspects that determine Lebanon political vacuum and current sectarian division. Moreover, Refugee crisis and sectarian challenges aggravated the Lebanese crisis, since they are a consequence of Syrian conflict, our case of study. The thesis is divided in three main chapters. Firstly, the analysis of both Realism and Liberalism under the Security concept in the main theories of I.R,. From defining the security studies framework that impacted the definition of security in World politics, the conceptualization of security and securitization theory is analysed.
    [Show full text]
  • Populism in a Divided America Stephen Richardson
    CONTRIBUTOR BIO STEPHEN RICHARDSON is a third year political science student, concentrat- ing in pre-law, and is a member of the Cal Poly Marksmanship Club. Stephen is a Marine veteran who was stationed in Okinawa, Japan from 2009-2011. Stephen hopes to eventually pursue a career in international law or diplomacy focused in national security. POPULISM IN A DIVIDED AMERICA Stephen Richardson “It’s the answer spoken by young and old, rich and poor, Democrat and Republican, Black, White, Hispanic, Asian, Native American, gay, straight, disabled and not disabled Americans who sent a message to the world that we have never been just a collection of individuals or a collection of red states and blue states. We are, and always will be, the United States of America.” — Former President Barack Obama’s 2008 Victory Speech Former President Barack Obama most likely did not foresee how ironic this quote would become when he took the stage in Chicago after his historic 2008 election. Americans are now more divided and polarized than he could have imagined. Cultural divisions and political partisanship have been reaching fever-pitch, as a wave of populism has swept through Europe and the United States, fanning fears of demagoguery. With Brexit in the United Kingdom, and President Trump’s shocking victory in the US, many mainstream observers fear that fascism is both spreading through and threatening liberal democracies.1 1 Sheri Berman, “Populism is not Fascism: But it Could Be a Harbinger.” Foreign Affairs, December, 2016, 39. paideia Fascism is profoundly different than populism, and attempts to claim that recent events equate to fascism are exaggerated and incorrect.
    [Show full text]
  • Iran's Ideological Expansion
    Iran’s Ideological Expansion “We shall export our revolution to the whole world. Until the cry ‘there is no god but God’ resounds over the whole world, there will be struggle.” – Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini June 2018 Table of Contents About the Author ......................................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 4 Profiles of Institutions Spreading Iran’s Revolution Abroad ...................................................................... 6 Universities .............................................................................................................................................. 6 Al-Mustafa International University ..................................................................................................... 6 Islamic Azad University ......................................................................................................................... 8 Charitable Organizations ..................................................................................................................... 10 Imam Khomeini Relief Committee ...................................................................................................... 11 Ahlul Bayt World Assembly ................................................................................................................. 13 Iran’s
    [Show full text]
  • Conflictos Armados Y Cobertura Mediática: Aproximación Al Aprendizaje De Máquina Supervisado
    https://doi.org/ 10.29101/crcs.v27i0.12872 Conflictos armados y cobertura mediática: aproximación al aprendizaje de máquina supervisado Armed conflicts and Media Coverage: Supervised Machine Learning Approach José Manuel Moreno-Mercado https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0067-5051 Universidad de Granada, España, [email protected] Javier García-Marín https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2766-0266 Universidad de Granada, España, [email protected] Abstract: The media coverage of armed conflicts tends to focus on the attribution of responsibilities and the humanitarian or security frames, as the main studies about media and conflicts have asserted. The present research analyzes the frames used in media outlets such as El Mundo and El País (Spain), HispanTV (Iran) and RT (Russia), in their coverage of wars in Yemen and Ukraine. Through innovative and machine learning techniques (particularly, SVM), the authors demonstrate that RT and HispanTV do not follow the traditional routines of mass media, and that the use of frames rely more on the geostrategic position of their countries of origin. Key words: frames, mass media, conflicts, Ukraine, Yemen, SVM. Resumen: La cobertura mediática de los conflictos armados suele centrarse en la atribución de responsabilidades, las consecuencias humanitarias o la seguridad, como señalan los principales estudios sobre medios y conflictos. La presente investigación analiza el uso de encuadres en los medios El Mundo, El País (España), HispanTV (Irán) y RT (Rusia) cuando cubren las guerras de Yemen y Ucrania. A través de novedosas técnicas de aprendizaje de máquina (en concreto, SVM), se muestra que los medios ruso e iraní no siguen las pautas de las rutinas periodísticas tradicionales, sino que el uso de encuadres depende de la posición geoestratégica de sus países de origen.
    [Show full text]
  • Sectarian Conflict and Sunni Islamic Radicalization in Tripoli, Lebanon
    LEBANESE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY Sectarian conflict and Sunni Islamic radicalization in Tripoli, Lebanon Ana Maria Luca A thesis Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts In International Affairs School of Arts and Sciences August 2015 ©2015 Ana Maria Luca All rights reserved ii iii iv Dedication To my husband, Joe, and my son, Gaby v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This project would not have been possible without the incredible support of my advisor, Dr. Makram Ouaiss, who guided me through the research, encouraged me and carefully read every word of this thesis. Also, many thanks to my committee members: Dr. Marwan Rowayheb, who constantly motivated and guided me, and Dr. Sami Baroudi, who shared with me his expertise. And finally, special thanks to my friends Nadine Elali, who guided me through the complex political scene in Tripoli, and Myra Abdallah, who helped with translation. And last, but not least, to my colleagues at NOW English. vi Sectarian conflict and Sunni Islamic radicalization in Tripoli, Lebanon Ana Maria Luca ABSTRACT Since the outbreak of the Syrian crisis in early 2011, Lebanon has seen a drastic deterioration in security: domestic supporters and opponents of the Syrian government have confronted each other in armed clashes and Lebanese groups also got involved in the war in Syria. The extremist groups that emerged in Syria also found supporters in Lebanon and a series of suicide bombings rocked civilian areas. Violent conflict affected several regions in Lebanon, but Tripoli, in particular, was called “little Syria” because it seemed to mirror the hostilities in the neighboring country.
    [Show full text]
  • How Iran Exports Its Ideology
    How Iran exports its ideology “We shall export our revolution to the whole world. Until the cry ‘there is no god but God’ resounds over the whole world, there will be struggle.” – Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini March 2020 Table of Contents About the Author ......................................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 4 Profiles of Institutions Spreading Iran’s Revolution Abroad ...................................................................... 6 Universities .............................................................................................................................................. 6 Al-Mustafa International University ..................................................................................................... 6 Islamic Azad University ......................................................................................................................... 8 Charitable Organizations ..................................................................................................................... 10 Imam Khomeini Relief Committee ...................................................................................................... 10 Ahlul Bayt World Assembly ................................................................................................................. 12
    [Show full text]
  • The Fragile Balance in Lebanon: Domestic Tension and Foreign
    Mediterranean Politics | Middle East The Fragile Balance in Lebanon: Domestic Tension and Foreign Pressure karam karam national unity government after the 14 March Coali- Research Director tion refused to participate in the future government. Panorama Common Space Initiative, Beirut This governmental composition has put many West- ern diplomats and policymakers on their guard: the new government should not renege on Lebanon’s Since the beginning of 2011, the Lebanese have international engagements, in particular those con- been experiencing one event after another combin- cerning the STL and Resolution 1701, as well as the 2012 ing domestic tensions and outside pressure. Against United Nations Interim Force (UNIFIL) in southern a background of heightened political crisis with re- Lebanon, a target of several attacks over the past Med. gard to the Special Tribunal for Lebanon (STL)1 few months. During this long period of domestic ne- leading to the suspension of meetings of the Council gotiation, Arab regimes fell under pressure from pro- of Ministers and the Committee for National Dia- testers and a revolt broke out in Syria whose first logue,2 eleven ministers resigned on 12 January repercussions were felt directly on the Lebanese 2011, thus causing the collapse of the “national arena as of mid-March 2011. 184 unity government” presided by Saad Hariri.3 On 24 In this context, everything led to believe that this new January 2011, following the obligatory parliamentary government, considered that of the 8 March Coali- consultations led by the President of the Republic tion and an ally of the Syrian regime, was about to for the appointment of a new Prime Minister, Najib collapse under the effect of the Syrian crisis and its Mikati was entrusted with forming a new cabinet, direct projection onto Lebanon’s confessional terri- thus indicating a change involving the political ma- tories.
    [Show full text]
  • THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC's ART of SURVIVAL
    THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC’S ART of SURVIVAL: Neutralizing Domestic and Foreign Threats Saeid Golkar Policy Focus 125 | June 2013 THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC’S ART OF SURVIVAL: Neutralizing Domestic and Foreign Threats All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. © 2013 by The Washington Institute for Near East Policy Published in 2013 in the United States of America by The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 1828 L Street NW, Suite 1050, Washington, DC 20036. Cover photo: Iranian soldiers shout anti-American slogans at a ceremony celebrating the 27th anniversary of the return from exile of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, February 2006. (AP Photo/Hasan Sarbakhshian) Contents About the Author v Acknowledgments vii Executive Summary 1 Introduction 3 1 | Neutralizing Threats from Below 4 2 | Neutralizing Threats from Above 9 3 | Neutralizing External Threats 14 4 | Conclusion 16 Notes 17 About the Author SAEID GOLKAR is a fellow at the Roberta Buffett Center for International and Comparative Studies at Northwest- ern University. Previously, he served as a postdoctoral fellow at the Center on Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law (CDDRL) at Stanford University. His research interests include the politics of authoritarian regimes, state control, and Middle Eastern politics; his most recent analysis has appeared in Politics, Religion & Ideology, Armed Forces & Society, Journal of the Middle East and Africa, Digest of Middle East Studies, and Middle East Quar- terly, among other publications.
    [Show full text]
  • Para Verte Mejor, América Latina Las Mutaciones En La Geopolítica Del Poder Y El Escenario Comunicacional Globalizado De Habla Hispana
    Este artículo es copia fiel del publicado en la revista NUEVA SOCIEDAD n TRIBUNA GLOBAL No 240, julio-agosto de 2012, ISSN: 0251-3552, <www.nuso.org>. Para verte mejor, América Latina Las mutaciones en la geopolítica del poder y el escenario comunicacional globalizado de habla hispana MANUEL SILVA -FERRER En los últimos años, América Latina se ha posicionado de manera novedosa en el escenario global. Las luchas sociales, la emergencia de gobiernos nacionalistas y de izquierda y el distanciamiento de la región respecto de Estados Unidos han atraído la atención de varias potencias rivales de Washington. Esas mutaciones geopolíticas han impactado también en el escenario comunicacional globalizado de habla hispana: en 2004 comenzó la programación en español del canal CCTV , la señal multimedia del poderoso conglomerado estatal chino, a la que hoy se suman la señal en español de la televisión rusa RT –que contrató como entrevistador a Julian Assange, el polémico director de WikiLeaks– y, desde 2011, la televisora Hispansat, adscrita al Servicio Exterior de la Radio y la Televisión Iraní. El statu quo se ha fracturado y ya no son aceptables las viejas formas de gobernar. Hillary Clinton, secretaria de Estado de EEUU , en referencia a los eventos de la «primavera árabe», 53a Conferencia de la Unión Africana, Addis Ababa, 13 de junio de 2011 Estamos hablando mucho más de un cambio cultural que de un cambio tecnológico. Esto tomará tiempo. Richard Gingras, jefe de Productos Informativos de Google, en el International Media Council, Madrid, 26 de abril de 2012 Manuel Silva-Ferrer: estudió Comunicación Social en la Universidad Central de Venezuela (ucv).
    [Show full text]
  • Politics, Individualism, and Atheism: an Examination of the Political Attitudes of Atheist Activists in a Canadian City
    Simmons, J. 2019. Politics, Individualism, and Atheism: An Examination of the Political Attitudes of Atheist Activists in a Canadian City. Secularism and Nonreligion, 8: 2, pp. 1–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/snr.112 RESEARCH ARTICLE Politics, Individualism, and Atheism: An Examination of the Political Attitudes of Atheist Activists in a Canadian City Jonathan Simmons Given the growth of atheism in the Western world (including activist organizations), and atheists becoming more political, it is essential to understand the identities and values that motivate atheist activism. One avenue for exploring these identities and values is through an examination of individual political attitudes. Although the scholarship on atheist activists’ political attitudes is limited, some scholars have identified the apparent growth of right-wing sentiments within the US atheist movement (LeDrew 2016). Others have identified a contentious relationship between prominent atheists’ political attitudes and egalitarian views (e.g., anti-sexism and anti-racism) (Amarasingam, Amarnath, and Brewster 2016). Of those scholars who have commented on atheists’ viewpoints, most emphasize the liberalism of the broader population of atheists. The purpose of this article is to examine the political attitudes of atheist activists in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, and highlight a core set of political attitudes and values that atheists share despite intra-movement disagreements about the relationship between atheist identity and political ideology. My findings show that some Canadian atheist activists’ share a cluster of liberal and Enlightenment ideals that includes personal liberty, individualism, and an absolutist view of free expres- sion. This article will be of interest to scholars of atheist activism as well as social movement scholars.
    [Show full text]