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Abacavir Sulfate and Lamivudine Tablets P1501370 Rx only (60 mg/30 mg) Abacavir Sulfate and Lamivudine Tablets * Data presented as mean ± standard deviation except where noted. suspected hypersensitivity were collected on a detailed data collection module. The frequencies of symptoms Approximate range. are shown in Figure 1. Symptoms usually appeared within the first 6 weeks of treatment with abacavir, although the reaction may occur at any time during therapy. Median time to onset was 9 days; 89% appeared within the Abacavir Sulfate and Lamivudine Tablets Effect of Food on Absorption of Abacavir Sulfate and Lamivudine Tablets first 6 weeks; 95% of patients reported symptoms from 2 or more of the 5 groups listed above. Abacavir Sulfate and Lamivudine Tables may be administered with or without food. Administration with a high- Figure 1: Hypersensitivity-Related Symptoms Reported with ³10% Frequency in Clinical Trials (n = 206 (60 mg/30 mg) fat meal in a single-dose bioavailability study resulted in no change in AUC last, AUC , and Cmax for lamivudine. Patients) Rx only Food did not alter the extent of systemic exposure to abacavir (AUC ), but the rate of absorption (Cmax) was decreased approximately 24% compared to fasted conditions (n = 25). These results are similar to those from 70 WARNINGS previous studies of the effect of food on abacavir and lamivudine tablets administered separately. Abacavir Sulfate and Lamivudine Tablets contain 2 nucleoside analogues (abacavir sulfate and lamivudine) Special Populations 60 and are intended only for patients whose regimen would otherwise include these 2 components. Renal Impairment Hypersensitivity Reactions: Serious and sometimes fatal hypersensitivity reactions have been associated Abacavir Sulfate and Lamivudine: The pharmacokinetic properties of abacavir sulfate have not been determined 50 with abacavir sulfate, a component of Abacavir Sulfate and Lamivudine Tablets. Hypersensitivity to abacavir in patients with impaired renal function. Renal excretion of unchanged abacavir is a minor route of elimination in is a multi-organ clinical syndrome usually characterized by a sign or symptom in 2 or more of the following humans. Lamivudine requires dose adjustment in the presence of renal insufficiency. Because Abacavir Sulfate 40 groups: (1) fever, (2) rash, (3) gastrointestinal (including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or abdominal pain), and Lamivudine Tablets are a fixed-dose combination and cannot be dose adjusted, Abacavir Sulfate and Lamivudine (4) constitutional (including generalized malaise, fatigue, or achiness), and (5) respiratory (including Tablets are contraindicated for patients with renal impairment (see PRECAUTIONS). 30 dyspnea, cough, or pharyngitis). Discontinue Abacavir Sulfate and Lamivudine Tablets as soon as a Hepatic Impairment Percentage hypersensitivity reaction is suspected. Abacavir Sulfate and Lamivudine: Abacavir Sulfate is contraindicated in patients with moderate to severe hepatic 20 Patients who carry the HLA-B*5701 allele are at high risk for experiencing a hypersensitivity reaction to impairment and dose reduction is required in patients with mild hepatic impairment. Because Abacavir Sulfate and abacavir. Prior to initiating therapy with abacavir, screening for the HLA-B*5701 allele is recommended; Lamivudine Tablets are a fixed-dose combination and cannot be dose adjusted, Abacavir Sulfate and Lamivudine 10 this approach has been found to decrease the risk of hypersensitivity reaction. Screening is also recommended Tablets are contraindicated for patients with hepatic impairment. prior to reinitiation of abacavir in patients of unknown HLA-B*5701 status who have previously tolerated abacavir. HLA-B*5701-negative patients may develop a suspected hypersensitivity reaction to abacavir; Pregnancy 0 Fever Rash Chills Cough however, this occurs significantly less frequently than in HLA-B*5701-positive patients. Abacavir Sulfate and Lamivudine: No data are available on the pharmacokinetics of abacavir or lamivudine during Nausea Fatigue Malaise Myalgia Diarrhea Abd PainDyspnea Headache Vomiting Arthralgia Regardless of HLA-B*5701 status, permanently discontinue Abacavir Sulfate and Lamivudine Tablets if pregnancy (see PRECAUTIONS: Pregnancy). Symptom TachycardiaPhanryngitis hypersensitivity cannot be ruled out, even when other diagnoses are possible. Nursing Mothers Following a hypersensitivity reaction to abacavir, NEVER restart Abacavir Sulfate and Lamivudine Tablets Abacavir: No data are available on the pharmacokinetics of abacavir in nursing mothers (see PRECAUTIONS: Other less common signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity include lethargy, myolysis, edema, abnormal chest or any other abacavir-containing product because more severe symptoms can occur within hours and may Nursing Mothers). x-ray findings (predominantly infiltrates, which can be localized), and paresthesia. Anaphylaxis, liver failure, include life-threatening hypotension and death. Lamivudine: Samples of breast milk obtained from 20 mothers receiving lamivudine monotherapy (300 mg twice renal failure, hypotension, adult respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory failure, and death have occurred in Reintroduction of Abacavir Sulfate and Lamivudine Tablets or any other abacavir-containing product, even daily) or combination therapy (150 mg lamivudine twice daily and 300 mg zidovudine twice daily) had measurable association with hypersensitivity reactions. In one study, 4 patients (11%) receiving abacavir sulfate 600 mg in patients who have no identified history or unrecognized symptoms of hypersensitivity to abacavir therapy, concentrations of lamivudine (see PRECAUTIONS: Nursing Mothers). once daily experienced hypotension with a hypersensitivity reaction compared with 0 patients receiving abacavir sulfate 300 mg twice daily. can result in serious or fatal hypersensitivity reactions. Such reactions can occur within hours (see Pediatric Patients WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS: Information for Patients). Physical findings associated with hypersensitivity to abacavir in some patients include lymphadenopathy, mucous Abacavir Sulfate: The pharmacokinetics of abacavir have been studied after either single or repeat doses of abacavir membrane lesions (conjunctivitis and mouth ulcerations), and rash. The rash usually appears maculopapular Lactic Acidosis and Severe Hepatomegaly: Lactic acidosis and severe hepatomegaly with steatosis, including sulfate in 68 pediatric patients. Following multiple-dose administration of abacavir sulfate 8 mg/kg twice daily, fatal cases, have been reported with the use of nucleoside analogues alone or in combination, including or urticarial, but may be variable in appearance. There have been reports of erythema multiforme. Hypersensitivity steady-state AUC(0-12 hr) and Cmax were 9.8 ± 4.56 mcghr/mL and 3.71 ± 1.36 mcg/mL (mean ± SD), respectively reactions have occurred without rash. abacavir, lamivudine, and other antiretrovirals (see WARNINGS). (see PRECAUTIONS: Pediatric Use). Exacerbations of Hepatitis B: Severe acute exacerbations of hepatitis B have been reported in patients who Laboratory abnormalities associated with hypersensitivity to abacavir in some patients include elevated liver Lamivudine: The pharmacokinetic properties of lamivudine were assessed in 57 HIV-infected pediatric patients function tests, elevated creatine phosphokinase, elevated creatinine, and lymphopenia. are co-infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and have discontinued (age range: 4.8 months to 16 years, weight range: 5 to 66 kg) after oral and IV administration of 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, lamivudine, which is one component of Abacavir Sulfate and Lamivudine Tablets. Hepatic function should and 20 mg/kg/day. In the 9 infants and children (range: 5 months to 12 years of age) receiving oral solution Clinical Management of Hypersensitivity: Discontinue Abacavir Sulfate and Lamivudine Tablets as soon as be monitored closely with both clinical and laboratory follow-up for at least several months in patients who 4 mg/kg twice daily, absolute bioavailability was 66% ± 26% (mean ± SD), which was less than the 86% ± 16% a hypersensitivity reaction is suspected. To minimize the risk of a life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction, discontinue Abacavir Sulfate and Lamivudine Tablets and are co-infected with HIV and HBV. If appropriate, (mean ± SD) observed in adults. The mechanism for the diminished absolute bioavailability of lamivudine in permanently discontinue Abacavir Sulfate and Lamivudine Tablets if hypersensitivity cannot be ruled out, initiation of anti-hepatitis B therapy may be warranted (see WARNINGS). infants and children is unknown. Systemic clearance decreased with increasing age in pediatric patients. even when other diagnoses are possible (e.g., acute onset respiratory diseases such as pneumonia, bronchitis, pharyngitis, or influenza; gastroenteritis; or reactions to other medications). DESCRIPTION After oral administration of an oral solution of lamivudine 4 mg/kg twice daily to 11 pediatric patients ranging from Abacavir Sulfate and Lamivudine Tablets 60 mg/30 mg contain the following 2 synthetic nucleoside analogues: 4 months to 14 years of age, Cmax was 1.1 ± 0.6 mcg/mL and half-life was 2.0 ± 0.6 hours. (In adults with similar Following a hypersensitivity reaction to abacavir, NEVER restart Abacavir Sulfate and Lamivudine Tablets abacavir sulfate (ZIAGEN®, also a component of TRIZIVIR®) and lamivudine (also known as EPIVIR® or 3TC) blood sampling, the half-life was 3.7 ± 1 hours.) Total
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