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Praktikum Iz Softverskih Alata U Elektronici 2020/2021

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Praktikum Iz Softverskih Alata U Elektronici 2020/2021 PRAKTIKUM IZ SOFTVERSKIH ALATA U ELEKTRONICI 2020/2021 Predrag Pejović 16.01.2021, 10:00 © 2021 Predrag Pejović, This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Linkovi na primere: OS 1: http://tnt.etf.bg.ac.rs/~oe4sae/softwareinstall.sh OS 2: http://tnt.etf.bg.ac.rs/~oe4sae/primeri-3-2020.zip LATEX 1: http://tnt.etf.bg.ac.rs/~oe4sae/primeri-4-2020.zip LATEX 2: http://tnt.etf.bg.ac.rs/~oe4sae/primeri-5-2020.zip LATEX 3: http://tnt.etf.bg.ac.rs/~oe4sae/primeri-6-2020.zip LATEX 4: http://tnt.etf.bg.ac.rs/~oe4sae/primeri-7-2020.zip Python 1: http://tnt.etf.bg.ac.rs/~oe4sae/primeri-9-2020.py Python 2: http://tnt.etf.bg.ac.rs/~oe4sae/primeri-10-2020.zip Python 3: http://tnt.etf.bg.ac.rs/~oe4sae/primeri-11-2020.zip GNU Octave: http://tnt.etf.bg.ac.rs/~oe4sae/primeri-12-2020.zip SageMath: http://tnt.etf.bg.ac.rs/~oe4sae/primeri-13-2020.zip Alternativni linkovi na primere: OS 1: http://peja.freedombox.rocks/PSAE/softwareinstall.sh OS 2: http://peja.freedombox.rocks/PSAE/primeri-3-2020.zip LATEX 1: http://peja.freedombox.rocks/PSAE/primeri-4-2020.zip LATEX 2: http://peja.freedombox.rocks/PSAE/primeri-5-2020.zip LATEX 3: http://peja.freedombox.rocks/PSAE/primeri-6-2020.zip LATEX 4: http://peja.freedombox.rocks/PSAE/primeri-7-2020.zip Python 1: http://peja.freedombox.rocks/PSAE/primeri-9-2020.py Python 2: http://peja.freedombox.rocks/PSAE/primeri-10-2020.zip Python 3: http://peja.freedombox.rocks/PSAE/primeri-11-2020.zip GNU Octave: http://peja.freedombox.rocks/PSAE/primeri-12-2020.zip SageMath: http://peja.freedombox.rocks/PSAE/primeri-13-2020.zip PRAKTIKUM IZ SOFTVERSKIH ALATA U ELEKTRONICI 2020 PRAKTIKUM IZ SOFTVERSKIH ALATA U ELEKTRONICI 2020 c Predrag Pejović, Lica (i ostali podaci o predmetu): Lica, dopuna, odakle ja u ovome? I dr Predrag Pejović, red. prof, [email protected], 102 levo, http://tnt.etf.rs/~peja I nekada davno, drugom polovinom prošloga veka . http://peja.freedombox.rocks/peja/ I . postojalo je usmereno obrazovanje I Strahinja Janković, viši laboratorijski inženjer, [email protected] I i OVROMTS „Veljko Vlahović“ . I sajtovi predmeta (mirror): I koja se sada zove „Matematička gimnazija“ I http://tnt.etf.rs/~oe4sae I postojala su zanimanja, ja sam bio programer I http://peja.freedombox.rocks/PSAE/index.html I . neki od učenika su bili veoma entuzijastični u korišćenju cilj: savladti primenu niza programa koji se koriste za I računara . oni koji to ne razumeju bi rekli „zavisnici“ svakodnevne poslove u elektronici (i ne samo elektronici . ) I ulazio sam u programiranje i izlazio, iz raznih razloga . I svi programi koji će biti obrađivani su slobodan softver (free software), legalno možete da ih koristite (i ne samo to) gde I dok nisam „definitivno“ izašao 1995 sa win 95 . hoćete, kako hoćete, za šta hoćete, koliko hoćete, na kom I . da bih se vratio 2008. sa Ubuntu 8.04 Hardy Heron računaru hoćete . i nikome ne podnosite račune za to! I i to još traje! I literatura . sve sa www, legalno, besplatno! I korišćenje računara je uživanje! ako nije — ne koristim!!! I zašto svake godine updated slajdovi? Prezentacije predmeta, (linkovi ljubičasti) Šta se radiLO u predmetu, koji programi? 1. uvod (upravo slušate): organizacija nastave + (FS: tehnička, ekonomska i pravna pitanja, kako to uopšte postoji?) (≈ 1 w) 2. operativni sistem (GNU/Linux, Ubuntu), komandna linija (!), I engleski shell scripts, IDE, poneki program . (≈ 2 w) I srpski, kraća verzija 3. tekst, LATEX(≈ 3 w) I engleski, prezentacija i animacije 4. crtanje šema, XCircuit (≈ 1 w) I srpski, prezentacija i animacije 5. probni kolokvijum . (= 1 w) 6. prvi kolokvijum . Izazvalo dosta galame, kao i dosta marginalizacije, ignorisanja . 7. numerika, GNU Octave (≈ 1 w) 8. vizualizacija, gnuplot (≈ (1 + ") w) Biće još reči o ovome . 9. simboličko računanje, wxMaxima (≈ 1 w) 10. drugi kolokvijum . 11. Python, IPython, PyLab, SymPy (≈ 3 w) 12. treći kolokvijum = ispit . Šta se sada radi u predmetu, koji programi? Evolucija računarstva i društvene nauke 1. uvod (upravo slušate): organizacija nastave + (FS: tehnička, I teorijski, počinje 1940s ekonomska i pravna pitanja, kako to uopšte postoji?) (≈ 1 w) I praktično, kod nas možda 1970s 2. operativni sistem (GNU/Linux, Ubuntu), komandna linija (!), shell scripts, IDE, poneki program . (≈ 2 w) I 1980s koristimo računar I 1990s koristimo računar u svakodnevnom radu 3. tekst,LATEX( ≈ 3 w) 4. crtanje šema, XCircuit( ≈ 1 w) I 2000s sve radimo pomoću računara 5. probni kolokvijum . (= 1 w) I 2010s potpuno zavisimo od računara 6. prvi kolokvijum . I 2020s? pogledajte oko sebe, tokom online predavanja . 7. Python, verzija 3, PyLab( ≈ 3 w) I PC, mobile, cloud, phone, tablet, . 8. drugi kolokvijum . I nema više PC? za koga nema? vi niste prosečni korisnici! 9. numerika, GNU Octave( ≈ 1 w) I ubrzava se . 10. numerika, Julia( ≈ 1 w) I nove opasnosti: security i privacy! 11. simboličko računanje, SageMath( ≈ 1 w) I ako neko ima mogućnost da vas iskoristi, iskoristiće vas; budite sposobni! 12. treći kolokvijum = ispit . Problemi u radu sa računarima . Pravni i ekonomski problemi I svaki program zahteva obuku . I čitati uputstvo? dostupna literatura? rano odustajanje . I Pravni problemi I najbrže i najbolje se uči ako neko pokaže (“hands-on I licenciranje (program koji ste kupili je vaš?) approach”) I MORAMO biti 100% legalni!!! I pomoćnik-savetodavac dostupan? I Ekonomski problemi I troškovi (i ne samo to! #) I Google pomoćnik? Youtube pomoćnik? I navike i zavisnost I koji program odabrati? stvaranje zavisnosti (navike + old I problemi sa proprietary formatima (primer: bas bih voleo opet files)? ozbiljna odluka! “vendor lock-in”! da procitam svoj doktorat u elektronskoj formi) I bezbednost podataka! I da li računar pomaže ili odmaže? kada se vraća naučeno? I privatnost!!! I strahovito brze promene, novi programi . I način naplate . I opravdanost naplate . I prilagođavanje: psihologija, ergonomija, namere autora I “vendor lock-in”... programa (vagon primer, pričali mi učesnici, prvo Rade Nikolić, I free (slobodni) software? potom Dušan Vuksan, primedbu dao Helmut Krauch)... I besplatno (ako tako hoćete) i jos mnogo više! I ekstremne posledice: tehnofobija illi zavisnost I cilj: računar treba da služi nama, ne mi njemu Kako je nekada bilo . (“učiteljica života”) Kako je danas? (posle ≈ 1985) I PC revolucija (prošla; prošla?) mainframe računari I I jeftino, dostupno, (modularno (?)) software i hardware se prodavali zajedno I I sklopivo, prilagodljivo korisniku (?) računari bili ekskluzivan proizvod, skup I I izaberete komponente (?), sklopite računar (?), šta dalje? mnogo manje korisnika I I softver postao zasebna komponenta računara, posebno se I mnogo manje komunikacije između korisnika nabavlja (kupuje?) (upravo ovde naša priča počinje . ) I okruženje bilo uglavnom naučno ili visoko poslovno I operativni sistem, početak I poslovne primene uz razvoj sopstvenih programa, I korisnički softver, zavisno od primene računara custom design I softver je intelektualni, nematerijalni proizvod . I dominantna zaštita poslovna tajna I nematerijalni proizvodi su veoma specifični, I ogromne mogućnosti, pps, strahovito brz razvoj upotrebom se ne troše! I društvene implikacije, nestanak i nastanak velikog broja I rezultat: monopoli i „verski ratovi“ poslova, promena sistema vrednosti, pojava mladih ljudi na I ideologizacija i manipulacija . uticajnim pozicijama . I Samizdat: And Other Issues Regarding the ’Source’ of Open Source Code Specifičnosti „intelektualnih“ (nematerijalnih) Specifičnosti „intelektualnih“ (nematerijalnih) proizvoda 1 proizvoda 2 I značajni troškovi razvoja, skoro svi troškovi su razvoj! (navedene osobine se uglavnom odnose na softver, manje na ostale I proizvod se upotrebom ne troši, traje intelektualne proizvode) I potražnja se spontano ne obnavlja I ogroman komercijalni potencijal I za zaradu neophodan novi razvoj ili vremenski ograničena I potencijal za stvaranje zavisnosti (izuzetno opasno!) licenca ili naplata po korišćenju, mesečni račun (cloud!) I potencijal za ucenjivanje, posledica zavisnosti, “vendor lock-in” I misaoni eksperiment: softver koji se kvari I problemi vezani za privatnost: kontrola, pa izvor zarade! I prestaje „podrška“ I primeri: I troškovi umnožavanja zanemarljivi I Phil Zimmerman, Boulder, CO, 1991, PGP I troškovi distribucije zanemarljivi I Mark Shuttleworth (1973), Thawte, digital certificates and I kako organizovati proizvodnju da bi se ostvario profit? Internet security Mark Shuttleworth, Canonical, 2004, biće još reči . I karakteristike veoma slične stvaralaštvu u nauci, oblast slična I matematici . I sjajna osnova za izgradnju “social machinery” ni oko čega . I postoje programeri koji vole da programiraju . I u čemu ima mnogo interesa . koji se odlučno brane! I . dok ne dođu GUI i dokumentacija! „Intelektualna svojina“ i njena „zaštita“ Copyright pokušaj da ideje dobiju tretman materijalnih objekata, a time i svog I štiti konkretan proizvod, ne ideju vlasnika; za sada delimično uspešan, uprkos paradoksima I dugo traje, i preko 100 godina, zavisno od pravnog sistema forme „intelektualne svojine”: (jurisdikcije) produžava se 1. copyright I širi se domen 2. patent I sve copyrightable automatski je copyrighted (Bern . ) 3. trade secret I copyright notice, “all rights reserved” (ne košta!) 4. trademark, za nas manje važan I dominantna zaštita za software u nizu pravnih sistema . 5. ima još sličnih " pojmova koji nisu u našoj zoni . I I pošto se software kopiranjem umnožava, „proizvodi“, što je još bitno se razlikuju!!! jedna besmislena generalizacija; proizveo je programer! suština: svojina nad objektima koji nisu materijalni, I ne sprečava da neko napiše nov program iste parcelisanje Platonovog sveta ideja funkcionalnosti! Patent Trade Secret (poslovna tajna) I štiti ideju I “kratko” traje (10-20 godina) I kratko? za sotver kratko? I ne košta I širi se domen (predmet, metod, nova primena, organizam, . ) I traje dok traje tajna I zahteva prijavu i odobrenje patenta, košta! I nikog ne sprečava da otkrije isto I David Pressman, “Patent it Yourself,” Nolo Press I zaštita kroz NDA I offensive rights I negde se može primeniti, negde ne I samo 10% patenata isplati troškove (???) 1. primer: program u interpretativnom jeziku I kritike, 19.
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